11级四次分生作业(蓝色11年考题)

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新东方2011年12月英语四级(CET4)真题

机械设计基础课程设计任务书学生姓名专业班级完成日期指导教师题目A．垂直斗式提升机传动装置设计1．设计条件1）机器功用由料斗把散状物料提升到一定高度。

散状物料包括，谷物、煤炭、水泥、砂石等。

2）工作情况单向工作，轻度振动；3）运动要求滚筒转速误差不超过7％；4）使用寿命8年，每年300天，每天16小时；5）检修周期半年小修，二年大修；6）生产厂型中型机械制造厂；7）生产批量中批生产。

2．原始数据见表13．设计任务（由指导教师选定）1）设计内容①电动机选型；②带传动传动比设计；③减速器设计；④联轴器选型设计；⑤其它。

2）设计工作量①减速器装配图1张；②设计计算说明书1份。

图1垂直斗式提升机1-料斗；2-滚筒；3-减速器；4．设计要求（由指导教师选定）4-带传动；5-电动机1）减速器设计成①二级开式减速；②二级同轴式减速器；③行星齿轮减速器；④设计者选定减速器型式。

2）对所设计的减速器①要有一对斜齿轮传动；②要有二对斜齿轮传动；③要有一对变位齿轮传动；④要有两对变位齿轮传动；⑤直齿或斜齿；变位与否设计者自定。

表1机械设计基础设计任务书学生姓名专业班级完成日期指导教师题目B机械厂装配车间输送带传动装置设计1．设计条件1）机器功用由输送带传送机器的零、部件；2）工作情况单向运输、轻度振动、环境温度不超过35 C；3）运动要求输送带运动速度误差不超过5％；4）使用寿命10年，每年350天，每天16小时；5）检修周期一年小修，二年大修；6）生产批量单件小批生产；7）生产厂型中型机械厂。

2．原始数据见表23．设计任务（由指导教师选定）图2 送带传送机1）设计内容①电动机选型；②带传动传动比设计；1-输送带；2-电动机；3-V带传动；③减速器设计；④联轴器选型设计；⑤其它。

4-减速器；5-主动滚筒2）设计工作量①减速器装配图1张；②设计计算说明书1份。

4．设计要求（由指导教师选定）1）减速器设计成①展开式二级减速器；②同轴式二级减速器；③行星齿轮减速器；④设计者自选减速器型式。

南昌2024年11版小学四年级第四次英语第一单元全练全测(含答案)

南昌2024年11版小学四年级英语第一单元全练全测(含答案)考试时间：100分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：I love to _______ (记录) my experiences.2、What is the name of the holiday celebrated on July 4th in the USA?A. Memorial DayB. Independence DayC. Labor DayD. Thanksgiving3、What is the process of making food using heat?A. BakingB. FreezingC. BoilingD. Cooking4、填空题：The __________ was a period of great cultural and artistic achievement in Italy.(文艺复兴)5、What is the capital of Samoa?A. ApiaB. Pago PagoC. MulifanuaD. Salelologa答案:A6、听力题：The rainbow has ___ (seven/eight) colors.7、填空题：The currency of Switzerland is the ________ (瑞士的货币是________).8、填空题：The __________ was an important period of historical change in Europe. (工业革命)9、听力题：The _____ (公园) is beautiful in spring.10、What is the capital of Kenya?A. NairobiB. KampalaC. Addis AbabaD. Dar es Salaam答案:A11、填空题：The ________ is a good friend.12、填空题：The _____ (植物教育活动) can engage young learners.13、Which bird is known for its colorful feathers?A. CrowB. PigeonC. PeacockD. Sparrow14、听力题：A _______ is a measurement of the acidity or basicity of a solution.15、填空题：I enjoy reading ______ books.16、填空题：My classmate prefers to be called . (我的同学更喜欢被称为)17、Which day comes after Friday?A. ThursdayB. SaturdayC. SundayD. Monday答案：B18、填空题：Many plants are used in ______ (传统医学).19、What do you call the process of making a cake?A. CookingB. BakingC. FryingD. Boiling答案:B20、填空题：He is a _____ (分析师) interpreting market trends.21、填空题：The ________ (花瓣) are often colorful.22、填空题：We have a ______ (大) backyard to play in.23、填空题：The _______ (小老虎) is a magnificent creature in the jungle.24、Which month comes after January?A. DecemberB. FebruaryC. MarchD. April25、填空题：The lion is often called the king of the ________________ (动物).26、听力题：The chemical formula for cerium(IV) oxide is _____.27、s always turn towards the _______. 填空题：Sunflowe28、填空题：The _______ (小鸟) sings beautifully.29、填空题：A seal's blubber keeps it warm in ________________ (寒冷) waters.30、听力题：The chemical symbol for iodine is __________.31、What is the capital of France?A. RomeB. LondonC. ParisD. Berlin答案: C32、听力题：The ____ is known for its climbing abilities and loves trees.33、填空题：The artist, ______ (艺术家), creates stunning sculptures.34、听力题：The capital of Togo is __________.35、填空题：The ________ (种植计划) helps farmers.36、填空题：Understanding the local ecosystem can help you choose the right plants for ______. (了解当地生态系统可以帮助你选择适合的植物。

2011年全国各地110份中考真题解析版汇编

2011年全国各地市110份中考真题解析版汇编词汇运用之首字母填词【2011湖北黄石】IV.单词拼写（每小题1分，共5分）根据句意和首字母提示，补全各小题单词。

76.—Try some more rice, please.—No, thanks. I’m f.77. Have you ever c buying a new MP4 player? It is good for you to listen to English as well asmusic.78. The football star loves his girlfriend very much and he decides to getm to her next month.79. A terrible disease has just broken out in Europe and it has caused a number ofd in some European countries.80. Many middle school students like reading Harry Potter, i me.76. full 【解析】句意：—请再吃点米饭。

—谢谢，我饱了。

full, 饱的，满的。

77. considered 【解析】你曾经想过买个MP4吗？consider doing sth。

78. married 【解析】get married 固定搭配，“结婚”。

79. death【解析】欧洲刚刚爆发了一场可怕的疾病，它在欧洲一些国家造成了大量死亡。

80. including【解析】including，包括，包含。

【2011天津】根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。

每空限一次。

Bill and Simon were good friends. One summer they were on h___81____. They wanted to sail around the Caribbean Sea in their boat for two weeks.During their trip, they saw many whales. Bill and Simon were very e_82_____ because they had wanted to see them very much. Unluckily, w_83______ they were watching them, the whales began to hit the side of the boat. Suddenly, w___84___ started coming in, and they realized that they were in trouble. They q 85 jump into the lifeboat before the boat sank(沉没)，and watched it disappear under the sea.Luckily, they had enough food and water for about twenty d 86 . They also had a fishing line and a machine which could change sea water i 87 drinking water. These two things helped them to survive(存活) during their terrible experience.For the next fifty days they caught about ten fish a day and a 88 them. They saw about twenty ships, but although they waved and shouted when the ships were passing, n 89 saw them. They were becoming weaker and weaker. Then, just as they were beginning to l 90 hope, a fishing boat saved them.文章大意：本文是一片记叙文，讲了一对朋友冒险的故事。

11年四级英语试题试卷1及答案

英语四级试题Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有人赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……2. 有人不赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……3. 我的看法。

Should Smoking Be Completely BannedPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.SpaceOur Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day, we may leave our “mother ship” Earth to make our home among the stars.A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speeding through the solar system right now. It is cruising at an incredible 66,600 milesper hour.It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother-ship. It’s spaceship Earth, the home of over four billion people. This water coated spaceship has been traveling through the universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however, have some of its passengers broken free of Earth’s gravity.But 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an orbiting space station 200 miles above the Earth.Space CitiesScientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life-saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools, and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work, play—even go to school, far above the Earth.Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn.Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. And astronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived in space stations.The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a great adventure. Some scientists think the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of the human species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry. And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and fromelectricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece of our planet’s natural environment.Why Go into Space?Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet-like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and space stations.Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity for manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses many kinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that are better for certain purposes than pure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well on Earth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on top.From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to distant planets.But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles fromouter space. Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.At Home in Space?But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you might not feel as well as you’d like to. Space travel could make you seasick!Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth-like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave Earth—perhaps forever.Aging in SpaceSuppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second. For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for 30 years.Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay-at-home twin brother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”, is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t quite as clear-cut as just described.1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is virtually the planet Earth.2.According to the author, some persons have left the Earth and traveled into outer space within the past 25 years.3.Scientists have already designed special space factories, which manufacture special products and tools for space use, such as medicine and perfect ball bearings.4.According to the information of the passage, we can infer that if the Earth becomes too crowded or no longer suitable for men to dwell on someday, they’ll have to move into space.5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their rich, valuable metals.6.Ultraviolet light in space places scorches our skin as seriously as it does on Earth.7.Even a short trip in outer space may do some damage to one’s brain.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metalstogether with the lighter ones.9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into , for creating comfortable living conditions.10.According to the author, will be caused to a man in gravity free space.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.[A]Tennis equipment.[B]Volleyball equipment.[C]Football equipment.[D]Basketball equipment.12.[A]He must meet his teacher.[B]He must attend a class.[C]He must go out with his girlfriend.[D]He must stay at school to finish his homework.13.[A]It’s not as good as it was.[B]It’s better than it used to be.[C]It’s better than people say.[D]It’s even worse than people say.14.[A]Because he doesn’t like football.[B]Because Maria fell ill.[C]Because he didn’t have the time.[D]Because Maria can’t stand football.15.[A]A temporary job.[B]A permanent job.[C]Some money for the vacation.[D]Some money for the university fees.16.[A]The woman did most of the talking.[B]The man did most of the talking.[C]The woman was wearing a black sweater.[D]The man and the woman had dark hair.17.[A]A sunny day.[B]A raincoat.[C]An attractive hut.[D]A lovely hat.18.[A]Librarian and student.[B]Operator and caller.[C]Boss and secretary.[D]Customer and repairman.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A]The benefits of strong business competition.[B]A proposal to lower the cost of production.[C]Complaints about the expense of modernization.[D]Suggestions concerning new business strategies.20.[A]It costs much more than its worth.[B]It should be brought up to date.[C]It calls for immediate repairs.[D]It can still be used for a long time.21.[A]The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.[B]A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.[C]The entire staff should be retrained.[D]Better-educated employees should be promoted.22.[A]Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.[B]TV commercials are less expensive.[C]Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.[D]TV commercials attract more investments.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.[A]Searching for reference material.[B]Watching a film of the 1930s’.[C]Writing a course book.[D]Looking for a job in a movie studio.24.[A]It’s too broad to cope with.[B]It’s a bit outdated.[C]It’s controversial.[D]It’s of little practical value.25.[A]At the end of the online catalogue.[B]At the Reference Desk.[C]In the New York Times.[D]In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.[A]The liberation movement of British women.[B]Rapid economic development in Britain.[C]Changing attitudes to family life.[D]Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.27.[A]Because millions of men died in the war.[B]Because women had proved their worth.[C]Because women were more skillful than men.[D]Because factories preferred to employ women.28.[A]The concept of “the family” as a social unit.[B]The attitudes to birth control.[C]The attitudes to religion.[D]The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.[A]Synthetic fuel.[B]Solar energy.[C]Alcohol.[D]Electricity.30.[A]Air traffic conditions.[B]Traffic jams on highways.[C]Road conditions.[D]New traffic rules.31.[A]Go through a health check.[B]Take little luggage with them.[C]Arrive early for boarding.[D]Undergo security checks.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.[A]Washing plates.[B]Clearing tables.[C]Shining shoes.[D]Sweeping the floor.33.[A]He must work six days a week.[B]He should never be late for work.[C]He must study hard in his spare time.[D]He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.34.[A]To pay him for his work.[B]To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.[C]To give his friends free drinks.[D]To allow him to have more free time.35.[A]Because the boy was not a full time worker.[B]Because the boy had made some mistakes.[C]Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.[D]Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Americans are proud of the (36) achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and (37) for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about (38) and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39) medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a (40) health plan for Americans. But there are many programs (41) for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed (42) of money regularly into a fund. Then when the (43) needs medical help, he can use money from the fund to pay for it.Other people have health insurance. (44) .In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. (45) .Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money.(46) . These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance.Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation bycontrolling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain something projected by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty. Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54, threatening communities.The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.[A]remote[B]techniques[C]consisting[D]rest[E]willing[F]climate[G]skill[H]appetite[I]melting[J]vanishing[K]eroding[L]temperature[M]curiosity[N]changes[O]skillfulSectionBDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for settingour own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that are essential in achieving success .[A]ability and goals[B]goals and determination[C]ability and environment[D]goals and environment58.The word “frugal”(Line. 2, Para 2.) means .[A]wealthy[B]wasteful[C]thrifty[D]miserable59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because .[A]their life is miserable [B]they do not live in peace[C]their goals are too low[D]they are not rich enough by their own standards60.The last paragraph implies that .[A]we should have high goals[B]success means achieving great goals[C]success means taking a walk in the park[D]success means trying one’s best at what one really likes61.This passage mainly talks about .[A]the definition of success[B]how to achieve success[C]how to set goals[D]the importance of goals64.One major difference between the look say method of learning reading and the phonics method is .[A]look-say is simpler[B]phonics takes longer to learn[C]look-say is easier to teach[D]phonics gives readers access to far more words65.The phrase “touch off” (Para 3, Line 1) most probably means .[A]talk about shortly[B]start or cause[C]compare with[D]oppose66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?[A]Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.[B]The whole word approach emphasizes decoding.[C]In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.[D]Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t although college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70 for everybody. The hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76 that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77, the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79 . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80 . Feelingpretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t 81 one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should 83 all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85 , begin with the shortest and easiest 86 . Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.67.[A]good[B]easily[C]sufficiently[D]well68.[A]until[B]after[C]while[D]so69.[A]somebody[B]nobody[C]everybody[D]anybody70.[A]follow[B]go[C]operate[D]work71.[A]behind[B]after[C]slow[D]later72.[A]hardly[B]unpleasant[C]hard[D]heavy73.[A]improbable[B]necessary[C]impossible[D]inevitable74.[A]week’s work[B]weeks’ works[C]weeks’ work[D]week’ s works75.[A]Even[B]Almost[C]If[D]With76.[A]to do[B]doing[C]at doing[D]with doing77.[A]turned in[B]tuned up[C]turned out[D]given in78.[A]very[B]quite[C]such[D]too79.[A]anyway[B]either[C]at all[D]that80.[A]solution[B]method[C]answer[D]excuse81.[A]help[B]encourage[C]assist[D]improve82.[A]expense[B]pay[C]debt[D]charge83.[A]devote[B]put[C]spend[D]take84.[A]Whichever[B]Whatever[C]However[D]Wherever85.[A]attraction[B]decision[C]temptation[D]dilemma86.[A]arrangements[B]way[C]assignments[D]classPart ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.Not only (他向我收费太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.88.The murderer (混在人群当中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance.89.The emergence of e-commerce and the fast growing Internet economy are(为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).90.That Canadian speaks Chinese (和他说英语一样流利).91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was(忙着准备) her examination.Key to Model Test ThreePart IWriting【写作思路】本文要求写一篇针对吸烟问题的议论文。

11级高三四统(文)参考答案

攀枝花市2011级高三第四次统考数学试题（文）参考答案一、选择题：（每小题5分，共60分）（1~5）BCCDA （6~10）ABACD （11~12）BC二、填空题：（每小题4分，共16分） 13、2 14、 15、 16、{4,5,32}三、解答题：（本大题共6小题，共74分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤。

） 17. （本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）解法一：从2种服装商品，3种家电商品，5种日用商品中，选出3种商品，一共有310C 种不同的选法.选出的3种商品中，没有日用商品的选法有35C 种，所以选出的3种商品中至少有一种日用商品的概率为35310111111212C P C =-=-=解法二：12213555553331010105511112121212C C C C C P C C C ⋅⋅=++=++= （Ⅱ）解法一：不中奖的概率是：3111()28P ==，中奖一次的概率是132313()28P C ==，故所中奖金数不低于商场提价数的概率为12112P P P =--= 解法二：要使所中奖金数不低于商场提价数，则该顾客应中奖两次或三次，分别得奖金120元和180元.顾客每次抽奖时获奖的概率都为12，所以中奖两次的概率是：2213113()228P C ==，中奖三次的概率是3211()28P ==，故中奖两次或三次的概率为1212P P P =+=，即所中奖金数不低于商场提价数的概率为12.18.（本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）2()3sin 22sin 2cos 212sin(2)16f x a b x x x x x πωωωωω=⋅=-=+-=+-，依题意，22T ππ=⨯=∴1ω=∴()2sin(2)16f x x π=+-，由222262k x k πππππ-+≤+≤+（k Z ∈）得函数()f x 的单调增区间为[,]36k k ππππ-++（k Z ∈）（Ⅱ）由1()25f α=得12sin()165πα+-=，即3sin()65πα+=，∵536ππα<<∴26ππαπ<+< ∴4cos()65πα+=-4331343cos cos[()]cos()cos sin()sin 666666552ππππππαααα-=+-=+++=-⨯+⨯=19.（本小题满分12分）解法一：（Ⅰ）连接1A D 交AE 于F . ∵1111ABCD A B C D -是正四棱柱 ∴1111A B A ADD ⊥平面 ∴1A D 是1B D 在平面内的射影，∴11B DA ∠是直线1B D 和平面11AA D D 所成角在11Rt B DA ∆中，111113tan 3A B B DA A D ∠==∴116B DA π∠=，即直线1B D 和平面11AA D D 所成角的大小为6π. （Ⅱ）在1Rt AA D 和Rt ADE 中，12A A ADAD DE== ∴1Rt AA DRt ADE∴1A DA AED ∠=∠ ∴0190A DA EAD AED EAD ∠+∠=∠+∠= ∴1A D AE ⊥，由（Ⅰ）知1A D 是1B D 在平面内的射影， ∴1B D AE ⊥ 同理可证1B D CE ⊥（或证1B D AC ⊥），又AECE E = ∴1B D ⊥面AEC（Ⅲ）连接CF ，1B F ，1B C ，由（Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）易知11AE A B CD ⊥平面 ∴1B FC ∠是二面角1B AE C --的平面角. 在Rt ADE 中，33AD DE DF AE ⋅==，故1123A F A D DF =-=从而22111173B F A B A F =+=，2243CF CD DF =+=， ∴在1B CF ∆中，由余弦定理得22211117cos 214B F CF BC B FC B F CF +-∠==⋅⋅F解法二：∵1111ABCD A B C D -是正四棱柱 ∴1,,DA DC DD 两两互相垂直以D 为原点，1,,DA DC DD 所在直线为坐标轴建立坐标系如图.111(0,0,0)(1,0,0)(0,1,0)(1,1,2)(0,0,2)(1,0,2)D A C B D A 、、、、、∵E 是1DD 的中点，则200E （，，）（Ⅰ）∵1111ABCD A B C D -是正四棱柱 ∴1111A B A ADD ⊥平面，∵11(0,1,0)A B =、1(1,1,2)DB =，设直线1B D 和平面11AA D D θ则1111sin |cos ,|2A B DB θ== ∴30θ= ∴直线1B D 和平面11AA D D 所成角为30 （Ⅱ）∵2(1,0,)2AE =- ∴121101202AE DB ⋅=-⨯+⨯+⨯= ∴1AE DB ⊥ 又∵2(0,1,)2CE =- ∴1201(1)1202CE DB ⋅=⨯+-⨯+⨯= ∴1CE DB ⊥ 又AECE E = ∴1B D ⊥面AEC （注：也可以使用平行于平面AEC 的法向量证明）（Ⅲ）设平面1AEB 的法向量为1111(,,)n x y z =∵2(1,0,)2AE =-、1(0,1,2)AB = ∴111120220x z y z ⎧-+=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩ 令12z =，则平面1AEB 的一个法向量为1(1,2,2)n =- 设平面AEC 的法向量为2222(,,)n x y z =∵2(1,0,)2AE =-、(1,1,0)AC =- ∴2222200x z x y ⎧-+=⎪⎨⎪-+=⎩ 令22z =，则平面AEC 的一个法向量为2(1,1,2)n =， ∴1212127cos ,14||||72n n n n n n ⋅<>===⋅⋅xyz20. （本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）由于1212F F NF =，12|2F F =|∴22222222212()21c a a b c c c c a b c=⎧⎧=⎪⎪⎪⇒=-=⎨⎨⎪⎪=⎩⎪=+⎩ ∴椭圆的方程为2212x y += （Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知(2,0)N -，且,A B 是椭圆上的两点，设直线AB 的方程为(2)y k x =+由22(2)12y k x x y =+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩消去x 得22221420k y y k k +-+=由222421()8022k k k k +∆=-⋅>⇒-<<设11(,)A x y ，22(,)B x y ，由韦达定理得122421ky y k +=+，2122221k y y k ⋅=+①又由13NA NB =得：11221211(2,)(2,)33x y x y y y +=+⇒=② 将②代入①得222222132112321k y k ky k ⎧=⎪⎪+⎨⎪=⎪+⎩，消去2y 得到211132(21)2k k =⇒=±+21. （本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）设公比为q ，∵ 32a +是2a 、4a 的等差中项 ∴ 2432(2)a a a +=+又∵23428a a a ++= ∴324820a a a =⎧⎨+=⎩ 则有21218(1)20a q a q q ⎧=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩ 解得122a q =⎧⎨=⎩或13212a q =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩ ∵数列{}n a 递增 ∴取122a q =⎧⎨=⎩ ∴2nn a = （Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）得111112(21)(21)11(1)(1)(21)(21)(21)(21)2121n n n n n n n n n n n n n a b a a ++++++--====-++++++++ ∴122231*********()()()212121212121321n n n n n S b b b ++=+++=-+-++-=-+++++++ ∵数列11{}21n ++单减 ∴1110215n +<≤+ ∴12111153213n +≤-<+∴ 2112253515m m --≤ 解得183m -≤≤22.（本小题满分14分）解：（Ⅰ）若1m =，则321()33f x x x x =--，/22()23(1)44f x x x x =--=--≥- 当1x =时，/min()4f x =-。

包头“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级上册第四次英语全练全测(含答案)

包头“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级上册英语全练全测(含答案)考试时间：90分钟（总分:100）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：Earth is the only planet known to support ______.2、听力题：The ______ is a symbol of peace.3、选择题：What is the color of a clear sky?A. GrayB. BlueC. WhiteD. Black4、填空题：I think being a __________ (志愿者) is very important.5、填空题：I can ______ (组织) my thoughts before speaking.6、What do you call a person who studies the stars?A. AstronomerB. AstrologerC. ScientistD. All of the above答案:A7、填空题：My aunt works in ____.8、听力题：I can ______ (count) to fifty.9、填空题：The signing of the Magna Carta took place in ________ (英格兰).10、听力题：The concept of climate justice addresses the ethical dimensions of ______ change.11、听力题：The atomic number of an element tells you the number of _____ it has.12、填空题：The country known for the Eiffel Tower is ________ (法国).13、听力题：The process of a solid changing directly to a gas is called _____.14、What do we call a group of lions?A. PackB. FlockC. PrideD. Herd答案: C15、填空题：The goldfish has tiny ______ (眼睛).16、What do you call a baby dog?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CubD. Chick17、What is the main purpose of a school?A. To playB. To learnC. To eatD. To sleep18、填空题：My brother is a __________ (程序员).19、What is the main language spoken in the United States?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. GermanD. English20、What is the term for a group of lions?A. PackB. PrideC. FlockD. Gaggle答案: B. Pride21、听力题：The _______ grows best with plenty of sunlight.22、填空题：A ________ (植物景观规划) beautifies spaces.23、填空题：A ____(green finance) supports environmentally-friendly projects.24、听力题：The ____ has sharp claws and is very agile.25、填空题：The __________ (历史的价值) is recognized globally.26、 Carta was signed at Runnymede, near ________ (伦敦). 填空题：The Magn27、填空题：The ______ (气候变化) poses challenges to plant survival.28、填空题：We often go ________ (远足) in the mountains.29、What do you call an animal that eats only plants?A. CarnivoreB. HerbivoreC. OmnivoreD. Insectivore答案: B30、填空题：I love the smell of fresh __________ after it rains. (泥土)31、What is the primary ingredient in a smoothie?A. IceB. FruitC. YogurtD. All of the above答案: D32、填空题：I enjoy making ______ with my friends.33、What do we call the tool we use to cut hair?A. ScissorsB. KnifeC. BladeD. Cutter34、What is the term for a young snake?a. Hatchlingb. Pupc. Calfd. Kit答案:a35、听力题：The kite is ___ (flying) in the sky.36、What do we call the act of building trust?A. Confidence-BuildingB. ReliabilityC. CredibilityD. All of the Above答案：D37、填空题：My grandma tells me __________ stories. (有趣的)38、选择题：What do you call a group of frogs?A. ArmyB. ChoirC. PodD. Flock39、听力题：I enjoy _____ (旅行) with my family.40、选择题：What is the name of the famous toy company that produces Lego?A. HasbroB. MattelC. BandaiD. Lego Group41、听力题：The Great Wall is located in __________.42、What is the main language spoken in the United States?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案: C43、选择题：What is the main gas in the air we breathe?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon DioxideD. Helium44、What is the main topic of a story called?A. CharacterB. SettingC. PlotD. Theme答案:D45、What do we call the stars and planets in the universe?A. GalaxyB. Solar SystemC. CosmosD. Constellation答案: C46、听力题：The Pacific Ocean is to the ________ of the Americas.47、听力题：The ant makes a line to its ____.48、听力题：The _____ (rainbow/umbrella) is colorful.49、填空题：My sister is my best _______ because we share everything together.50、填空题：My ________ (姑姑) always brings gifts when she visits.51、What is the name of the largest land animal?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. RhinoD. Hippo答案：A52、听力题：The ______ can live a long time.53、听力题：The _____ (elephant/giraffe) is tall.54、听力题：The _____ (鸟) is singing.55、听力题：The ancient Greeks created the concept of _______ democracy.56、填空题：The __________ (人文地理) studies human interaction with the environment.57、What is the main gas found in the Sun?A. OxygenB. HydrogenC. NitrogenD. Carbon dioxide58、Which fruit is known for keeping the doctor away?A. BananaB. OrangeC. AppleD. Grape答案:C59、ts have adapted to ______ (极端) conditions. 填空题：Some pla60、填空题：The tree is _______ (tall/short).61、What is the largest ocean on Earth?a. Atlantic Oceanb. Indian Oceanc. Arctic Oceand. Pacific Ocean答案:d62、听力题：A __________ is a reaction that absorbs heat energy.63、填空题：The sea horse is a unique _______ (生物).64、填空题：The turtle can retract its head into its _______ (壳).65、填空题：The _____ (potato) is grown underground.66、填空题：A well-maintained garden can increase property ______ (价值).67、What do you call a person who paints pictures?A. ArtistB. SculptorC. IllustratorD. Designer答案:A68、What do we call the act of giving up something for someone else?A. SacrificeB. GenerosityC. KindnessD. Charity答案：A69、ts can ______ (改善) degraded landscapes. 填空题：Some pla70、填空题：The __________ (大树) took many years to mature.71、填空题：A _______ (小猫咪) chases after a laser pointer.72、选择题：What is the opposite of heavy?A. LightB. ThickC. StrongD. Solid73、填空题：I like to play outside with my ______.74、听力题：An alloy is a mixture of ______.75、What do we call the natural process of breaking down rocks?A. ErosionB. WeatheringC. DepositionD. Sedimentation答案：B76、听力题：The _______ of sound can be perceived as pitch.77、What do we wear on our feet?A. HatB. GloveC. ShoeD. Belt答案:C78、听力题：My mom makes _____ for lunch. (sandwiches)79、What do you call a person who studies economics?A. EconomistB. AccountantC. BusinessmanD. Investor答案: A80、听力题：Air pressure is the weight of air above us ______.81、填空题：The starling can mimic other ______ (鸟) sounds.82、听力题：The children are __________ in the park.83、选择题：What is the shape of a basketball?A. SquareB. TriangleC. OvalD. Round84、听力题：The sun sets in the ___ (west/east).85、填空题：The __________ (历史的不断) progresses with society.86、听力题：I have a _____ (gift) for you.87、听力题：A ______ is a type of reptile that can swim well.88、填空题：A wolverine is a strong ______ (动物).89、听力题：The capital of Guatemala is __________.90、What do you call a young mouse?A. KitB. PupC. PinkieD. Calf答案:C91、填空题：After breakfast, I go to ________ (学校) with my friends. We walk together and talk about our ________ (课程).92、听力题：A _______ is a substance that can accept protons in a chemical reaction.93、听力题：The puppy is ______ at the ball. (playing)94、填空题：My brother plays the ______.95、What is 8 + 6?A. 12B. 14C. 16D. 18答案: B. 1496、填空题：The _____ (spaceship) Apollo 11 took astronauts to the moon.97、What is the opposite of fast?A. SlowB. QuickC. SwiftD. Rapid答案:A98、填空题：The _______ (Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen) was adopted during the French Revolution.99、What is the name of the state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape?A. SolidB. LiquidC. GasD. Plasma答案: B100、填空题：The _____ (湿度) in the air affects plant health.。

深圳“PEP”2024年11版小学四年级第4次英语第4单元暑期作业(含答案)

深圳“PEP”2024年11版小学四年级英语第4单元暑期作业(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：The flowers bloom in _____ (spring/winter).2、听力题：A __________ is a measure of how fast a reaction occurs.3、听力题：We use _____ to measure temperature.4、What is the capital city of Madagascar?A. AntananarivoB. ToamasinaC. MahajangaD. Antsiranana5、听力题：The cake is _____ with icing. (covered)6、填空题：_____ (土壤) composition affects how plants grow.7、听力题：A black hole is created when a massive star ______.8、What is the capital city of Malaysia?a. Kuala Lumpurb. Penangc. Johor Bahrud. Malacca答案:a9、How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. TwoB. FourC. SixD. Eight答案: A10、听力题：I have two ______. (brothers)11、听力题：She likes to _____ (cook/bake) cookies.12、填空题：I like to _______ (看电影) with my family.13、听力题：My favorite animal is a ______. (tiger)14、听力题：A ____ is a curious animal that likes to sniff around.15、What is the capital of China?A. BeijingB. ShanghaiC. Hong KongD. Guangzhou答案: A16、Which sport is played with a bat and ball?A. SoccerB. BasketballC. BaseballD. Tennis答案:C17、听力题：The flowers smell _____ (good/bad).18、What do we call the study of the forces that cause motion?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. Geology答案:A19、听力题：The door is ___ (open).20、What is the process of making ice cream called?a. Freezingb. Churningc. Mixingd. Blending答案:B21、What do you call the outer layer of the Earth?A. CoreB. MantleC. CrustD. Shell22、听力题：A rock's texture can give clues about its ______.23、听力题：A balloon filled with air is an example of a ______.24、What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. GeologistD. Biologist答案: A25、听力题：I want to _____ (learn/play) a song.26、Which animal can fly?a. Fishb. Dogc. Birdd. Horse答案:c27、填空题：Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in _____ (1963).28、Which of these is a mammal?A. FrogB. LizardC. WhaleD. Shark答案:C29、听力题：The bear catches fish in the rushing river, preparing for winter ____.30、听力题：The dog is __________ the ball.31、听力题：A dilute solution has a ______ concentration of solute.32、填空题：古代的________ (artifacts) 帮助我们了解过去的文化。

南昌“PEP”2024年11版小学第四次英语第1单元测验卷

南昌“PEP”2024年11版小学英语第1单元测验卷考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）A卷一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、Which plant is known for its medicinal properties?中文解释：哪种植物以其药用特性而闻名？A, Aloe veraB, DandelionC, Maple2、What is the plural of "child"?A, ChildsB, ChildrenC, ChildesD, Childeren3、We _____ going to the zoo tomorrow.A, IsB, AreC, AmD, Be4、What is the English translation of "植物生态补偿"?A, Plant ecological compensationB, Agricultural compensationC, Environmental compensationD, Ecological compensation5、What do you use to cut paper?A,KnifeB,ScissorsC,ForkD,Spoon6、选出与所给单词不同类的一项。

( ) 1.thin A, fat B,long C, your( )2. short A, big B, hand C, small( )3. elephant A, foot B,monkey C, panda( )k A, water B,juice C,gift( )5.eye A, head B,tail C,black7、你最喜欢的课外活动是什么？What is your favorite extracurricular activity?A. 足球 (Soccer)B. 音乐 (Music)C. 舞蹈 (Dance)D. 绘画 (Painting)8、What is the opposite of "wet"?中文解释："湿"的反义词是什么？A, DryB, HumidC, Moist9、What do you call the person who teaches you at school? A, DoctorB, TeacherC, ChefD, Engineer10、What is the action of moving your body to music?A, DancingB, SingingC, TalkingD, Playing11、What is the capital city of the USA?A, New YorkB, Los AngelesC, Washington, D.C.D, Chicago12、What is the capital of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines? A,KingstownB,BridgetownC,CastriesD,Roseau13、How do you say "谢谢" in English?A, WelcomeB, Thank youC, Sorry14、What is the opposite of "fast"?A, QuickB, SlowC, Rapid15、What is the English word for "海狮"?A, WalrusB, SealC, Sea lionD, Otter16、Which animal is known for its long neck? A, ElephantB, GiraffeC, LionD, Bear17、Where do birds live?A,WaterB,TreesC,CavesD,Ground18、What do we call the protective layer on a leaf? 我们称叶子上的保护层为？A, CuticleB, EpidermisC, MesophyllD, Stomata19、What do we call a baby crocodile?A,HatchlingB,PupC,CalfD,Kid20、What do we call the main part of a flower?我们称花的主要部分为？A, BlossomB, BloomC, PetalD, Stamen二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)1、听力填空题：I ___ (help) my sister with her project.2、What time do we eat breakfast?A, MorningB, AfternoonC, EveningD, Midnight3、What do you call the area of land covered with grass? A, DesertB, ForestC, MeadowD, Ocean4、听力填空题：We ___ (visit) the botanical garden last spring.5、听力填空题：I ___ (help) my sister with her homework.6、听力填空题：He ___ (not/like) to go shopping.7、Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A, EarthB, MarsC, JupiterD, Saturn8、听力默写填空：A _____ (lion) is strong.9、What do you call a place where you can borrow books? A, BookstoreB, LibraryC, SchoolD, Office10、What is the name of the famous clock tower in London? A, Big BenB, Eiffel TowerC, Statue of LibertyD, Colosseum11、听力默写填空：An octopus has _____ (arms).12、How many legs does a dog have?A, TwoB, FourC, SixD, Eight13、听力填空题：She ___ (not/play) the flute in the band.14、听力默写填空：The _____ (elephant) is huge.15、What do we call the animal that is the symbol of the USA?A, Bald EagleB, BearC, WolfD, Bison16、听力填空题：We ___ (go) to the bowling alley every month.17、How many months have 31 days?A, 7B, 5C, 9D, 1218、What do you call the measurement of how hot or cold something is? A, WeightB, TemperatureC, PressureD, Volume19、听力填空题：He ___ (not/like) to dance.20、Which of these is a primary color?A, PurpleB, GreenC, RedD, Orange三、填空题(共计20题，共10分)1、填空题：The ________ (狼) howls at the moon.2、外面有很多__________（children）。

襄阳“PEP”2024年11版小学四年级下册第4次英语第一单元综合卷[有答案]

襄阳“PEP”2024年11版小学四年级下册英语第一单元综合卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：My brother is a _____ (音乐家) who plays in a band.2、听力题：The chemical formula for ammonia is _____ (NH).3、填空题：A parrot can ______ (说话) and mimic sounds.4、填空题：He is a _____ (分析师) who studies data.5、填空题：The ________ has a unique pattern on its shell.6、听力题：The ________ (imagination) is powerful.7、填空题：My dog loves to roll over for a ______ (零食).8、选择题：What do we call a tool used to drive nails?A. HammerB. ScrewdriverC. WrenchD. Pliers9、填空题：My grandma loves to knit ____.10、填空题：The ______ (小鹿) grazes quietly in the ______ (草地).11、听力题：The chemical process of respiration converts glucose into ______.12、填空题：In conclusion, toys like my ______ (玩具名) are important because they help us to ______ (动词) and learn while having fun.13、听力题：The unit of measurement for mass is called a ______.14、Which one is a fruit?A. PotatoB. TomatoC. LettuceD. Onion15、听力题：A _______ can be a beautiful sight in any season.16、听力题：We saw a ________ in the zoo.17、What is the base of a pyramid?A. TopB. SideC. BottomD. Edge答案:C18、听力题：A _______ illustrates the relationship between force and motion.19、听力题：The classroom is ________ and bright.20、填空题：I use my ________ (玩具名称) to solve puzzles.21、填空题：In _____ (新西兰), you can see beautiful landscapes.22、What do we call the process of breathing out?A. InhaleB. ExhaleC. BreatheD. Respire23、听力题：I have a ___ (cool) skateboard.24、选择题：What is the main ingredient in a burger?A. BreadB. MeatC. CheeseD. All of the above25、听力题：The book is very ______ (funny).26、What do we call the study of the connections between organisms and their environment?a. Ecologyb. Biologyc. Botanyd. Zoology答案:a27、听力题：The _______ of sound can travel through different mediums at different speeds.28、Which shape has four equal sides?A. RectangleB. CircleC. SquareD. Triangle答案: C29、听力题：I like to ______ my friends after school. (call)30、What do you call a baby elephant?A. CalfB. FoalC. CubD. Kid答案: A31、听力题：Some _______ can be grown in pots on a balcony.32、填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) is a robot that can talk.33、填空题：The _______ (小精灵) is a friendly spirit in fairy tales.34、听力题：A tornado is a fast-moving ______.35、听力题：The capital of Iceland is __________.36、What do we call an animal that eats only plants?A. CarnivoreB. HerbivoreC. OmnivoreD. Insectivore答案:B37、听力题：The Earth's ______ is made up of different types of ecosystems.38、What is the name of the famous clock in London, England?A. Clock TowerB. Big BenC. Westminster AbbeyD. London Eye答案:B39、填空题：The ______ (小鹿) grazes quietly in the golden ______ (阳光).40、填空题：A ________ (草原) is a flat land covered with grass.41、听力题：Dissolving sugar in water is a _______ change.42、选择题：What do you call a house made of ice?A. IglooB. CabinC. CottageD. Mansion43、填空题：I can ______ (唱) very well.44、听力题：Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many unique properties of _______.45、How many players are on a soccer team?A. FiveB. SevenC. ElevenD. Nine答案:C46、选择题：What do you call a bird that cannot fly?A. SparrowB. OstrichC. EagleD. Penguin47、What do we call the study of human societies?A. SociologyB. AnthropologyC. PsychologyD. Political Science答案: A48、What do you call a person who plays the piano?A. PianistB. MusicianC. ComposerD. Artist答案: A49、听力题：The wind is ___ (strong/light).50、What is the capital of Japan?a. Beijingb. Seoulc. Tokyod. Bangkok答案:C51、What is 100 50?A. 40B. 50C. 60D. 70答案:B52、填空题：We _______ (经常) visit the museum.53、填空题：My favorite animal is a ______ (兔子) because they are adorable.54、选择题：What is the name of the famous river in Russia?A. VolgaB. DanubeC. AmazonD. Nile55、听力题：A force can change the motion of an ______.56、听力填空题：My favorite childhood memory is __________ because it was so much fun.57、填空题：_____ (vineyards) produce grapes for wine.58、填空题：My brother wants a pet ______ (小狗) for his birthday.59、听力题：The process of a solid turning into a liquid is called __________.60、听力填空题：I think it’s important to stay healthy. I try to eat fruits and vegetables and exercise regularly by __________. It keeps me feeling energetic and happy!61、What is the name of the desert located in northern Africa?A. GobiB. SaharaC. KalahariD. Mojave答案: B62、What is the name of the famous artist known for his "The Arnolfini Portrait"?A. Jan van EyckB. RembrandtC. Vincent van GoghD. Claude Monet答案: A63、选择题：Which of these is a fruit?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. AppleD. Broccoli64、填空题：We need to water the ______ every day.65、填空题：The squirrel collects nuts for _________. (冬季)66、听力题：A _____ is a small body that orbits a planet.67、听力题：She likes to paint ___. (pictures)68、填空题：Mount Everest is the highest ________ (山) in the world.69、听力题：A reaction that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called ______.70、听力题：The ice cream is ______ (melting) in the heat.71、听力题：The sun is ______ in the sky. (shining)72、What do we call a story that is told through pictures?A. ComicB. NovelC. BiographyD. Poem答案: A. Comic73、Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. AppleD. Lettuce答案: C74、填空题：A _____ (幼犬) loves to play with toys.75、听力题：She is _______ (studying) hard for her exams.76、听力题：She is studying to be a ________.77、听力题：In space, there is no air or ______.78、填空题：A ______ (蛙) can be found in ponds and marshes.79、e of Hastings took place in ______ (1066年). 填空题：The Batt80、听力题：The chemical formula for copper(II) sulfate is _____.81、What sound does a cow make?A. BarkB. MeowC. MooD. Quack82、What do we call the shape that has six sides?A. PentagonB. HexagonC. OctagonD. Decagon答案:B83、填空题：My sister enjoys __________ (参与) school activities.84、小壁虎) clings to the walls. 填空题：The ___85、What is the name of the longest bone in the human body?A. FemurB. TibiaC. FibulaD. Humorous答案:A86、What do we call the art of folding paper into decorative shapes?A. OrigamiB. CalligraphyC. PotteryD. Weaving答案：A87、听力题：We see ___ (clouds/stars) in the sky.88、What do we call the study of the Earth's physical features?A. GeographyB. GeologyC. CartographyD. Meteorology答案: A. Geography89、What is the visible surface of the sun called?A. CoreB. AtmosphereC. PhotosphereD. Chromosphere90、听力题：The cake is _______ (decorated) with icing.91、听力题：The main component of vegetable oil is ______.92、What is the tallest mountain in the world?A. K2B. KilimanjaroC. EverestD. McKinley93、What is the name of the famous wizard in Harry Potter?A. FrodoB. DumbledoreC. GandalfD. Merlin答案:B94、填空题：I enjoy visiting the ______ (图书馆) to read and borrow books.95、填空题：My teacher is __________ (鼓舞人心的) and motivates us.96、听力题：The first successful vaccine was developed for _______.97、What is the opposite of "up"?A. DownB. LeftC. RightD. Across答案:A98、听力题：A ______ is a systematic approach to understanding phenomena.99、填空题：In my opinion, being _______ (形容词) is one of the best qualities a person can have.100、听力题：__________ are used in food preservation techniques.。

2024年11版小学4年级第十一次英语第2单元暑期作业

2024年11版小学4年级英语第2单元暑期作业考试时间：80分钟（总分:140）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、What does "光合作用" mean in English?A, PhotosynthesisB, RespirationC, GerminationD, Propagation2、What does "植物调查研究" mean in English?A, Plant survey researchB, Plant ecological researchC, Plant genetic researchD, Plant environmental research3、Where do fish live?鱼生活在哪里？A, Trees 树上B, Mountains 山上C, Water 水中D, Ground 地面4、Which of these is a popular garden flower?以下哪项是受欢迎的花园花卉？A, Tulip / 郁金香B, Oak / 橡树C, Pine / 松树D, Maple / 枫树5、Which animal is the king of the jungle?哪种动物被称为丛林之王？A, TigerB, LionC, BearD, Elephant6、What is the currency used in the United States?美国使用的货币是什么？A, Euro / 欧元B, Pound / 英镑C, Yen / 日元D, Dollar / 美元7、Which one is a type of bird?A, SharkB, EagleC, Frog8、What do we call the people who help us learn in school?A, StudentsB, TeachersC, Friends9、What do we call the process of a caterpillar turning into a butterfly? A,MetamorphosisB,EvolutionC,DevelopmentD,Transformation10、Which plant can live in the desert?中文解释：哪种植物能在沙漠中生存？A, CactusB, Pine treeC, Fern11、What does "衣服" mean in English?A, ShoesB, ClothesC, HatD, Bag12、Which animal is often associated withHalloween?哪种动物常与万圣节相关联？A, CatB, DogC, RabbitD, Owl13、What is the name of the famous German festival held in October?在十月举行的著名德国节日叫什么？A, OktoberfestB, CarnivalC, Bastille DayD, Christmas Market14、What do you call a group of crabs?一群螃蟹叫做什么？A, CastB, ClutchC, MobD, Swarm15、Which one is a type of flower?A, MapleB, OakC, RoseD, Pine16、Which of these is a mode of communication?A, EmailB, RoadC, BuildingD, School17、What do we call a plant that grows in a pot indoors?我们称在室内盆栽的植物为？A, Indoor plantB, Outdoor plantC, Wild plantD, Garden plant18、What do you call the time when flowers begin to bloom? 花朵开始盛开的时间称为何？A, Winter 冬天B, Spring 春天C, Summer 夏天D, Fall 秋天19、What is the name of the famous race held every four years?每四年举行一次的著名比赛叫什么名字？A, Marathon / 马拉松B, Olympics / 奥林匹克运动会C, World Cup / 世界杯D, Tour de France / 环法自行车赛20、What is the opposite of "thin"?“薄”的反义词是什么？A, ThickB, NarrowC, WideD, Long二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)1、How many days are in a week?A, FiveB, SevenC, TenD, Twelve2、听力填空题：We ___ (play) basketball after school.3、听力填空题：They ___ (ride) their bikes to school.4、听力填空题：My mother ___ (cook) dinner now.5、听力填空题：The sun ___ (shine) brightly today.6、听力填空题：The flowers ___ (bloom) beautifully in spring.7、听力填空题：I ___ (wake) up at six every day.8、What is the main function of the heart?A, Pump bloodB, Digest foodC, Filter wasteD, Breathe9、What do you call a house made of ice?A, IglooB, CabinC, TentD, Cottage10、听力填空题：They ___ (not/play) outside when it rains.11、What do we celebrate on the Fourth of July? A, ThanksgivingB, Independence DayC, ChristmasD, New Year12、听力填空题（我的好朋友）My best friend is Lily. She is very kind and _____ funny. We like to play together after school. Sometimes, we go to the _____ to buy ice cream. My favorite flavor is chocolate, and hers is strawberry.13、听力填空题：She ___ (not/attenD, the school play.14、听力填空题：She ___ (make) a cake for her mom's birthday.15、听力填空题：She ___ (not/see) the sunset last night.16、听力填空题：I ___ (check) my email regularly.17、听力填空题：She ___ (not/see) her teacher last week.18、听力填空题：I ___ (take) my dog for a walk.19、What is the opposite of up?A, DownB, LeftC, RightD, Forward20、What is the name of the king of the jungle?A, ElephantB, LionC, TigerD, Bear三、填空题(共计20题，共10分)1、填空题：A ______ (植物监测) helps track growth.An _____ researches and develops new educational methods and tools. (educational researcher)3、我想学__________。

西宁2024年11版小学第4次英语基本全练全测(含答案)

西宁2024年11版小学英语基本全练全测(含答案)考试时间：90分钟（总分:110）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、Which is the largest planet in our solar system?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. Saturn答案: C2、填空题：I like to watch the ______ (云彩) change shapes.3、听力题：A ______ is a representation of a chemical process.4、What do you call a young elephant?A. CalfB. FoalC. PupD. Kid5、填空题：My sister loves to __________ (和朋友一起出去).6、What do we call a baby chicken?A. CalfB. ChickC. KittenD. Lamb答案:B7、填空题：The ancient Egyptians created beautiful _____ for their gods.8、听力题：His favorite game is ________.9、听力题：A base is a substance that can accept _____ ions in a reaction.10、填空题：A rabbit's nose twitches when it is ________________ (警觉).11、听力题：Solids, liquids, and gases are the three main _____ of matter.12、填空题：The snake sheds its _________. (皮)13、What do we call the science of studying rocks?A. BiologyB. GeologyC. ChemistryD. Physics答案:B. Geology14、ts can survive in very ______ (恶劣) conditions. 填空题：Some pla15、听力题：The house is ___. (big)16、What do you wear on your head?A. ShoesB. HatC. GlovesD. Scarf17、听力题：My sister enjoys participating in ____ (theater).18、填空题：The ancient civilization of ________ is known for its pyramids.19、听力题：I found a ___. (key) on the table.20、How many legs does an octopus have?A. SixB. EightC. FourD. Ten21、选择题：Which animal is known for its stripes?A. LeopardB. TigerC. BearD. Lion22、听力题：The boy has a new ________.23、inlet) is a narrow body of water between islands or peninsulas. 填空题：The ____24、听力题：The ____ chirps happily and is often seen in trees.25、听力题：The study of how rocks are formed is known as ______.26、What is the capital of Guinea?A. ConakryB. NzérékoréC. KankanD. Kindia答案: A27、听力题：The __________ is the solid outer section of the earth.28、What is the opposite of "cold"?A. WarmB. HotC. CoolD. Tepid29、听力题：The soup tastes ___. (delicious)30、填空题：A _____ (小马) can be very gentle and friendly. It enjoys being petted.小马可以非常温顺和友好。

2024年11版小学4年级第11次英语第4单元测验试卷

2024年11版小学4年级英语第4单元测验试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:110）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、What is the main color of grass?中文解释：草的主要颜色是什么？A, GreenB, BrownC, Yellow2、He is a hardworking student. 他是一个勤奋的学生。

A, LazyB, HardworkingC, Average3、Which part of the plant is responsible for nutrient absorption?植物的哪个部分负责养分吸收？A, RootsB, StemC, LeavesD, Flowers4、What do we call the outer layer of a tree?中文解释：我们称树的外层为？A, BarkB, WoodC, Leaf5、She loves to dance. 她喜欢跳舞。

A, SingB, DanceC, Draw6、What do we call plants that grow in water?中文解释：我们称生长在水中的植物为？A, Terrestrial plantsB, Aquatic plantsC, Desert plants7、What is the English word for "水平"?A, LevelB, DepthC, HeightD, Width8、What is the main ingredient in fried rice?炒饭的主要成分是什么？A. RiceB. EggC. VegetablesD. All of the above9、What do you call a tool used for measuring length? 我们称之为用于测量长度的工具叫什么？A. RulerB. ScaleC. ProtractorD. Compass10、What do you call a place where we keep animals? A, GardenB, FarmC, SchoolD, Library11、What do you call the time when children go to bed? 孩子们上床睡觉的时间称为何？A. Afternoon 下午B. Evening 傍晚C. Night 晚上D. Morning 早晨12、What is the opposite of "big"?A, LargeB, SmallC, HugeD, Tall13、What is the capital of Egypt?A,CairoB,NairobiC,AlgiersD,Addis Ababa14、Which day comes after Friday?A, SundayB, SaturdayC, Monday15、What do you wear on your feet?你穿在脚上的是什么？A. HatB. ShoesC. GlovesD. Scarf16、What do you call a special event to celebrate?中文解释：庆祝的特别事件叫什么？A, PartyB, MeetingC, Gathering17、Which type of plant can survive freezing temperatures?哪种植物可以在冰冻温度下生存？A, PerennialB, AnnualC, BiennialD, Herbaceous18、What do we call the process of teaching someone?教导某人的过程称为何？A. Learning 学习B. Teaching 教学C. Training 培训D. Studying 学习19、What animal says "meow"? (什么动物会叫“喵”？)A) Dog (狗)B) Cat (猫)C) Cow (牛)D) Sheep (羊)20、What sound does a cow make?A, OinkB, MooC, BarkD, Meow二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)1、What do we call the person who studies the weather?A, MeteorologistB, BiologistC, GeologistD, Physicist2、听力填空题：We ___ (enjoy) visiting museums.3、听力填空题：She ___ (not/see) her friend last week.4、What do you wear on your feet?A, HatB, ShoesC, GlovesD, Scarf5、听力填空题（动物的保护）Many animals are in danger due to habitat loss and pollution. We must take action to protect them and their environments. Supporting wildlife _____ can help save endangered species.6、听力填空题：She ___ (not/eat) dessert before dinner.7、听力填空题：The ______ is the center of the solar system.8、听力填空题：I ___ (draw) a picture for my dad.9、听录音，选择你所听到的一项。

青岛2024年11版小学4年级上册第十一次英语第4单元暑期作业

青岛2024年11版小学4年级上册英语第4单元暑期作业考试时间：100分钟（总分:120）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、What is the capital city of Malawi?A. LilongweB. BlantyreC. MzuzuD. Zomba2、填空题：The puffin has a colorful ______ (喙).3、填空题：In summer, I love to play with my ________ (玩具名) outside. It’s so much ________ (形容词) than playing inside!4、What do you call a collection of poems?A. AnthologyB. NovelC. StorybookD. Journal答案:A5、听力题：The cat naps in a _____ sunny spot.6、What do we call a tool used for cutting wood?A. HammerB. ScrewdriverC. SawD. Wrench答案：C7、What is the name of the famous painting of a woman with a mysterious smile?A. Starry NightB. The Last SupperC. Mona LisaD. Girl with a Pearl Earring答案:C8、What is the largest continent?A. AfricaB. AsiaC. EuropeD. Antarctica答案: B9、听力题：Antarctica is located at the __________ of the Earth.10、Which of these is a vegetable?A. AppleB. CarrotC. BananaD. Grape11、听力题：The dog is _______ (digging) a hole.12、What do we call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. BiologistD. Ecologist答案：A13、听力题：Organic compounds contain _____ (carbon).14、听力题：The baby is ________ in the crib.15、What is the capital of Nigeria?A. LagosB. AbujaC. Port HarcourtD. Kano16、What is the primary ingredient in jelly?A. FruitB. SugarC. PectinD. Water17、填空题：My friend is a _____ (作曲家) who writes music.18、听力题：The chemical formula for calcium acetate is ______.19、选择题：What is the opposite of bright?A. DarkB. DullC. FadedD. Blurry20、What is the name of the small, winged creature that is often associated with magic?A. FairyB. ElfC. GoblinD. Troll答案:A21、What is the name of the fairy tale character who had a long, golden hair?A. CinderellaB. RapunzelC. BelleD. Ariel答案:B22、Which gas is required for photosynthesis?A. OxygenB. Carbon DioxideC. NitrogenD. Hydrogen23、填空题：When it’s cloudy, I like to read a __________. (书)24、ts are ______ (快速生长的). 填空题：Some plaI want to learn how to _______ (做陶瓷).26、填空题：The ________ (土著文化) is fascinating to learn about.27、填空题：The _____ (peony) is a favorite among gardeners.28、填空题：I have a loving relationship with my ____.29、听力题：The process of sublimation goes directly from solid to ______.30、选择题：Which fruit is red and often used to make juice?A. BananaB. AppleC. GrapeD. Orange31、填空题：My mom loves to read __________ (书籍) in the evenings.32、听力题：The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is __________.33、Which word means the opposite of "happy"?A. JoyfulB. SadC. ExcitedD. Angry答案: B34、What do we call the line that divides the day and night sides of a planet?A. EquatorB. MeridianC. TerminatorD. Axis35、听力题：The __________ is known for its old-growth forests.36、听力题：A _______ is a mixture of metals.A ____ is a gentle creature that enjoys eating fruits and vegetables.38、What color is the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. Yellow39、填空题：The ________ is a famous ancient site in Greece.40、填空题：A small ___ (小虾) swims in the ocean.41、What do we call a young female goat?A. KidB. CalfC. LambD. Foal答案:A. Kid42、听力题：The capital of Uruguay is __________.43、听力题：The capital of Vatican City is __________.44、填空题：My _____ (姐姐) helps me with my homework.45、Which animal can fly?a. Fishb. Dogc. Birdd. Horse答案:c46、填空题：My favorite place is the ______ (海边).47、填空题:I like to plant ________ in the garden.48、听力题：A ____ is a playful creature that loves to chase after balls.The __________ (历史的潮流) shapes our present.50、填空题：My grandma tells stories about ____.51、听力题：A __________ is an example of a physical change.52、填空题：A _______ (小鸳鸯) swims gracefully on the lake.53、填空题：My uncle is a wonderful ____.54、选择题：What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sherlock HolmesC. Miss MarpleD. Sam Spade55、填空题：I enjoy building with ________ (积木) and creating my own structures.56、选择题：What do we call the place where we go to buy food?A. StoreB. MallC. MarketD. Warehouse57、听力题：A chemical reaction can lead to the formation of new ________.58、What is the main ingredient in cheese?A. MilkB. CreamC. YogurtD. Butter答案:A59、填空题：The invention of ________ transformed the way people traveled.The chemical formula for ethanol is __________.61、填空题：The invention of the steam engine revolutionized ________ (运输).62、听力题：A pendulum's swing is an example of ______ motion.63、填空题：A ________ (北极熊) lives in the cold Arctic and is very large.64、What do we call the art of writing?A. CalligraphyB. TypographyC. LiteratureD. Poetry答案: A65、小鸟) chirps cheerfully at dawn. 填空题：The ___66、填空题：He is a _____ (商人) who runs a successful company.67、填空题：A kitten learns to hunt by watching its ______ (母亲).68、选择题：What do you call a round fruit that is red or green?A. BananaB. AppleC. OrangeD. Grape69、What is the name of the process by which plants release oxygen?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. TranspirationD. Fermentation答案: A70、听力题：A ______ reaction releases energy, often as heat or light.The bird is ___ (singing) in the tree.72、填空题：We are going to the ________ (电影院).73、填空题：My grandma loves to __________ (照顾) her grandchildren.74、 Age is known for the use of _____ tools. 填空题：The Ston75、What do you call a person who makes clothes?A. DesignerB. TailorC. StylistD. Seamstress答案:B76、s built their empire in ______ (中美洲). 填空题：The Batt77、填空题：The ______ (小龟) is very slow.78、听力题：The ____ has bright feathers and sings sweetly.79、填空题：He is my _____ (同事) at work.80、选择题：What is the largest mammal in the ocean?A. SharkB. DolphinC. WhaleD. Octopus81、听力题：The rabbit is _____ (big/small).82、填空题：The ______ (小鸟) builds its nest with twigs and grass.Every Saturday, I go to the _______ (地方) with my family. We enjoy _______ (活动) together.84、选择题：What do you call a person who travels in space?A. AstronautB. CosmonautC. SpacewalkerD. All of the above85、填空题：My dream is to have a ________ (游乐园) in my backyard with swings and slides.86、听力题：You can find _______ in a garden or park.87、听力题：The chemical symbol for barium is __________.88、听力题：The tree is _____ (tall/short).89、How many days are in February during a leap year?a. 28b. 29c. 30d. 31答案:b90、听力题：We will have _____ (fun/work) at the park.91、Which planet is known for having the most moons?A. EarthB. SaturnC. JupiterD. Venus92、填空题：My favorite _____ is a bright red fire truck.93、What is the capital of the United Kingdom?A. LondonB. EdinburghC. BelfastD. Cardiff94、听力题：The boy has a new ________.95、填空题：When I grow up, I want to have a ________ (赛车). It goes very ________ (快).96、What is the first letter of the alphabet?A. AB. BC. CD. D97、填空题：A _____ (温室) can help plants grow all year round.98、听力题：In a solution, the component present in the largest amount is the ______.99、填空题：The ________ (农业循环) enhances productivity.100、听力题：My sister is studying to become a ____ (doctor).。

昆明“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级第4次英语下册试卷(含答案)

昆明“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级英语下册试卷(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:110）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：I love to smell the _____ (玫瑰).2、听力题：My friend is a ______. He enjoys making films.3、听力题：The ______ shares knowledge about technology.4、听力题：Matter can exist in different states including _____, liquid, and gas.5、What is the capital of Jordan?A. AmmanB. AqabaC. IrbidD. Zarqa6、听力题：I see a ________ (cat) in the tree.7、听力题：A _______ is a mixture of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.8、填空题：The pelican has a large _______ (喙) for catching fish.9、填空题：My _______ (猫) enjoys climbing on furniture.10、听力题：She has a red ___ . (hat)11、填空题：The ______ (花香) of roses is delightful.12、听力题：The __________ of water is degrees Celsius.13、选择题：What is the capital of Japan?A. BeijingB. SeoulC. TokyoD. Bangkok14、What is a synonym for "happy"?A. SadB. JoyfulC. AngryD. Upset答案:B15、What do we call a baby cow?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. Foal答案: A16、填空题：The first person to circumnavigate the globe was ______ (麦哲伦).17、听力题：The cat is ______ on the mat.18、填空题：The car is ________ (红色).19、选择题：What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. BiologistC. EcologistD. Horticulturist20、What is the capital of Fiji?A. SuvaB. LautokaC. NadiD. Labasa答案:A21、听力题：A planet's orbit around a star is influenced by the star's ______.22、What do you call the main character in a story?A. AntagonistB. ProtagonistC. Supporting CharacterD. Narrator答案: B23、填空题：The river is _______ and nice to look at.24、填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) is a great way to learn about feelings.25、填空题：The _____ (蜗牛) is very slow but persistent.26、How many letters are in the English alphabet?A. 24B. 25C. 26D. 27答案:C. 2627、听力题：The ____ has bright eyes and can see well at night.28、填空题：________ (植物适应) to their environment.29、How many players are there in a rugby team?A. 11B. 13C. 15D. 7答案:C30、听力题：A lever can help lift a ______.31、听力题：A catalyst is not consumed in a ______ reaction.32、听力题：A volcano that is currently erupting is called an ______ volcano.33、听力题：A chemical that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed is a ______.34、Which animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. DogC. HamsterD. Parrot35、听力题：The main component of air is ______.36、填空题：The ancient Greeks held competitions in the ________.37、填空题：The ______ (狮子) prides itself in its family group.38、听力题：The soup is very ________.39、听力题：The chemical symbol for promethium is _____.40、What is the name of the famous statue in New York Harbor?A. Christ the RedeemerB. Statue of LibertyC. DavidD. Venus de Milo41、填空题：I like to go ______ (购物) with my mom at the mall.42、选择题：Which animal says "meow"?A. DogB. CatC. CowD. Duck43、听力题：My dad enjoys going to the ____ (beach).44、填空题：My favorite subject is ______.45、What is the capital of the Seychelles?a. Victoriab. Mahéc. Praslind. La Digue答案:a46、听力题：I have _____ stickers in my album. (many)47、What do you call a solid object with six square faces?A. SphereB. CylinderC. CubeD. Cone答案：C48、What is the capital of Egypt?A. CairoB. GizaC. AlexandriaD. Luxor答案: A. Cairo49、填空题：The _____ (果实) of the apple tree is ready to harvest.50、听力题：The _____ (游泳池) is refreshing.51、填空题：Cultivating a garden can teach valuable lessons about patience and ______. (培育花园可以教会有关耐心和坚持的重要课程。

大理2024年11版小学四年级下册第11次英语第4单元暑期作业

大理2024年11版小学四年级下册英语第4单元暑期作业考试时间:60分钟（总分:110）考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分评级介绍：本试卷为大理2024年11版小学四年级下册第4单元的暑期作业，难度适中，重点在于日常对话、词汇运用及简单语法，旨在提高学生的英语综合能力。

一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、How many legs does a spider have?A, EightB, SixC, FourD, Two2、What do we call a plant that grows in acidic soil?中文解释：我们称在酸性土壤中生长的植物为？A, Acidophilic plantB, Alkaline plantC, Neutral plant3、What is the name of the famous bear in children's stories?A, Paddington BearB, Winnie the PoohC, Yogi Bear4、What do we call the time when we sleep at night?A, DayB, NightC, NoonD, Morning5、What do you call the act of reading a book?A, StudyingB, LearningC, ReadingD, Writing6、What do we use to write?A, SpoonB, PencilC, PlateD, Cup7、What do we call a group of elephants?A,HerdB,PackC,SchoolD,Flock8、What do we call the time when we eat in the evening? A, BreakfastB, LunchC, Dinner9、What is a popular breakfast food made from grains? A, PancakeB, SaladC, SoupD, Dessert10、How do you say "好" in English?A, GoodB, BadC, UglyD, Nice11、What do you call a special event to celebrate?中文解释：庆祝的特别事件叫什么？A, PartyB, MeetingC, Gathering12、What does "节日" mean in English?A, CelebrationB, FestivalC, HolidayD, Tradition13、What do we call a person who studies the universe? A,AstronomerB,GeologistC,BotanistD,Biologist14、Which part of the plant is responsible for nutrient absorption?植物的哪个部分负责养分吸收？A, RootsB, StemC, LeavesD, Flowers15、What is the English meaning of "面包"?A, CakeB, BreadC, BiscuitD, Cookie16、What do you call a place where books are kept?A, StoreB, LibraryC, MuseumD, School17、What does "窗户" mean in English?A, DoorB, WindowC, WallD, Roof18、What is the main ingredient in ketchup?A,TomatoB,PepperC,OnionD,Garlic19、What is the English translation of "图书馆"?A, LibraryB, BookstoreC, ClassroomD, Study room20、What fruit is often associated with teachers?A, OrangeB, BananaC, AppleD, Grape二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)1、What is the opposite of "happy"?A, JoyfulB, SadC, ExcitedD, Angry2、听力填空题：I ___ (forget) my homework at school.3、What is the name of the large desert in Africa?A, GobiB, SaharaC, KalahariD, Atacama4、What do we celebrate on December 25th?A, HalloweenB, ThanksgivingC, ChristmasD, New Year5、听力填空题：I ___ (buy) a new book yesterday.6、听力填空题（我的梦想职业）As I think about my future career, I aspire to be a _____ because I want to help others. I believe that everyone deserves access to quality healthcare and support.7、听力填空题：I ___ (play) basketball with my friends.8、What do we call the process of making something clean?A, CleaningB, ScrubbingC, WashingD, Polishing9、What color is the sky on a clear day?A, GreenB, BlueC, YellowD, Red10、Which gas do we breathe in?A, Carbon DioxideB, NitrogenC, OxygenD, Helium11、听力填空题：We ___ (eat) lunch at noon.12、听力填空题（我的梦想旅行）One day, I want to travel to _____ and see the pyramids. I am fascinated by ancient history and cultures. Exploring new places expands my knowledge and understanding of the world.13、听力填空题：I ___ (play) chess with my friends.14、What do you call the top part of a tree?A, RootB, TrunkC, LeafD, Branch15、听力填空题：He ___ (not/like) to drink soda.16、What is the hardest natural substance?A, GoldB, IronC, DiamondD, Silver17、听力填空题：He ___ (fix) his bike yesterday.18、听力填空题：We ___ (visit) the library often.19、What is the name of the famous superhero who wears a red cape?A, Iron ManB, Spider-ManC, SupermanD, Batman20、What do you call the large animal with tusks?A, HippoB, ElephantC, RhinoD, Whale三、填空题(共计10题，共20分)1、填空题：The ______ (植物培养基) is essential for growth.2、They have a new ______.A, carB, carsC, truckD, bus3、填空题：The ______ (植物科学) explores plant diversity.4、填空题：The ______ (植物遗传) influences traits like size.5、She is wearing a ______ dress.A, redB, redderC, reddestD, more red6、She is ______ about her exam results.A, happyB, happilyC, happiestD, happiness7、填空题：A ________ (海马) is a unique fish with a horse-like appearance.8、填空题：A ________ (黑豹) is a powerful predator.9、填空题：A ______ (生态友好型实践) benefits the environment.10、填空题：A ______ (农业市场分析) informs strategies.。

“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级上册第十一次英语第4单元真题试卷

“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级上册英语第4单元真题试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:120）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：The __________ cycle describes how water moves through the environment.2、填空题：A parrot can mimic _______ and sounds.3、听力题：We are going to ______ a concert this weekend. (attend)4、填空题：I enjoy watching ______ (电影) that tell inspiring stories.5、What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. MadridC. ParisD. Rome答案:C6、听力题：A shooting star is actually a ______ entering the Earth's atmosphere.7、What do we call the study of numbers?A. MathematicsB. GeometryC. AlgebraD. Statistics8、填空题：The ________ (鱼) in the aquarium are colorful and very ________ (美丽).9、填空题：The longest river in Africa is the ________ (非洲最长的河流是________).10、What do we celebrate on December 25th?A. HalloweenB. ThanksgivingC. ChristmasD. New Year答案: C11、填空题：A _____ (种子) can grow into a new plant.12、填空题：I like to swim in the ______.13、What do we call a large body of saltwater?A. OceanB. SeaC. GulfD. Bay答案: A14、填空题：My dad has a green ______ (摩托车). He rides it on the weekends.15、填空题：I have a __________ (形容词) __________ (玩具名) that is very __________ (形容词).16、听力题：Flowers need _______ and sunlight to grow.17、填空题：I love to read ______ (童话) before bedtime.18、听力题：A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute and a ______.19、听力题：I want to ___ (go/visit) the zoo.20、What is the opposite of 'hot'?A. ColdB. WarmC. CoolD. Spicy答案:A21、填空题：My grandma often _______ (动词) stories about her past. 她的回忆很 _______ (形容词).22、填空题：The _____ (algae) can be found in ponds.23、听力题：I can jump ___. (high)24、What is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November?A. ChristmasB. HalloweenC. ThanksgivingD. New Year答案:C25、What is the name of the main character in "The Very Hungry Caterpillar"?A. ButterflyB. CaterpillarC. LadybugD. Ant答案:B26、听力题：The state of matter that has no fixed shape is ______.27、What is the main language spoken in Spain?A. FrenchB. ItalianC. SpanishD. Portuguese28、听力题：The _____ (月亮) is full tonight.29、填空题：The ________ was a famous document that outlined human rights.30、听力题：The chemical symbol for neon is ________.The Earth's crust is continually shaped by ______ forces.32、填空题：I bought some ________ (饼干) at the store.33、听力题：A _____ is an experiment that follows scientific methods.34、填空题：I like to help my mom ________ (做饭) for dinner.35、选择题：What is the capital of Bangladesh?A. DhakaB. ChittagongC. KhulnaD. Rajshahi36、 are great at ______ (攀爬). 填空题：Squirrel37、填空题：I like to read ______ (经典书籍) because they offer valuable lessons and insights.38、填空题：The country of Kenya is famous for its ________ (肯尼亚以其________而闻名).39、填空题：My favorite thing to do during summer is ______.40、填空题：When I grow up, I want to be a ________ (科学家) and discover new ________ (东西).41、填空题：I like to watch cartoons about my favorite ________ (玩具名称).42、What is the name of the famous American monument carved into a mountain?A. Mount RushmoreB. Statue of LibertyC. Washington MonumentD. Lincoln Memorial答案:AThe ______ (鸭子) quacks when it swims.44、选择题：What do we call a person who studies the behavior of animals?A. ZoologistB. BiologistC. EcologistD. Environmentalist45、听力题：The ______ helps flowers to grow.46、听力题：He _____ (kicks/throws) the ball.47、填空题：The butterfly flutters _______ (轻盈) through the air.48、听力题：The __________ is a large body of fresh water.49、听力题：Electric circuits need a ______ (complete) path to work.50、填空题：The __________ (历史的探索) reveals insights.51、听力题：My uncle is a skilled ____ (potter).52、听力题：The color of a star indicates its _______.53、填空题：The ______ (松鼠) gathers food for the winter.54、填空题：At school, I prefer being called ______ by my friends.(在学校，我更喜欢我的朋友叫我。

银川“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级下册第11次英语第4单元真题试卷

银川“PEP”2024年11版小学4年级下册英语第4单元真题试卷考试时间：100分钟（总分:140）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、What do you call a person who creates sculptures?你称制作雕塑的人为？A, SculptorB, ArtistC, ArtisanD, All of the above2、Which plant can survive in dry conditions? 哪种植物可以在干燥条件下生存？A, Cactus 仙人掌B, Fern 蕨类C, Oak 栎树D, Maple 枫树3、Which of the following means "礼仪" in English?A, EtiquetteB, MannerC, CeremonyD, Protocol4、What animal is often used in therapy for emotionalsupport?什么动物常用于提供情感支持的治疗？A, Cat (猫)B, Dog (狗)C, Rabbit (兔子)D, Horse (马)5、What is the English word for "歌曲"?"歌曲"的英语单词是什么？A, SongB, TuneC, MelodyD, All of the above6、Which animal has a very strong sense of hearing?A, Rabbit (兔子)B, Dog (狗)C, Cat (猫)D, Fish (鱼)7、What do you call your mother's father?你称呼你母亲的父亲为？A, GrandfatherB, UncleC, CousinD, Father8、What do you call the stage of life before adulthood?成年之前的生活阶段称为何？A, Infancy 婴儿期B, Childhood 童年C, Adolescence 青少年期D, Adulthood 成年期9、Which plant is known for its vibrant colors?哪种植物以其鲜艳的颜色而闻名？A, Hibiscus 芙蓉花B, Cactus 仙人掌C, Fern 蕨类D, Oak 栎树10、Which part of the plant is responsible for nutrient absorption?植物的哪个部分负责养分吸收？A, RootsB, StemC, LeavesD, Flowers11、What toy is often found in a nursery? 哪种玩具常见于托儿所？A, Mobile 摇床玩具B, Car 汽车C, Robot 机器人D, Blocks 积木12、What do you call the place where you can buy food?A, BakeryB, Grocery storeC, PharmacyD, Hardware store13、What do you call a person who takes care of sick animals?照顾生病动物的人叫什么？A, VeterinarianB, ZookeeperC, FarmerD, Hunter14、What is the name of the famous historical figure who led India to independence?引导印度走向独立的著名历史人物叫什么？A, Mahatma Gandhi 甘地B, Jawaharlal Nehru 贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁C, Subhas Chandra Bose 斯巴斯·钱德拉·博斯D, Sardar Patel 萨达尔·帕特尔15、What do you call a collection of animals in azoo?在动物园中动物的集合叫什么？A, Exhibit / 展览B, Habitat / 栖息地C, Species / 物种D, Collection / 收藏16、Which toy is used for bouncing? (哪个玩具用来弹跳？)A, Ball (球)B, Doll (娃娃)C, Robot (机器人)D, Puzzle (拼图)17、选择填空。

洛阳2024年11版小学4年级下册第四次英语第1单元暑期作业

洛阳2024年11版小学4年级下册英语第1单元暑期作业考试时间:100分钟（总分:120）考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分评级介绍：该试卷主要针对小学四年级下册第一单元，难度适中，重点考察学生的词汇运用和基础语法，通过听说读写全面评估学生的英语能力。

一、(选择题)总分:50分(1分/题)1、Which part of the plant helps it stand upright?中文解释：植物的哪个部分帮助它直立？A, RootsB, StemC, Leaves2、Which plant is known for its creeping growth?哪种植物以其蔓延生长而闻名？A, IvyB, OakC, PineD, Maple3、Which shape has three sides?A, SquareB, CircleC, TriangleD, Rectangle4、How many continents are there on Earth?A, FiveB, SixC, SevenD, Eight5、What is the English meaning of "筷子"?A, ForkB, SpoonC, KnifeD, Chopsticks6、What do we call the part of the plant that bears fruits?我们称植物上结果实的部分为？A, FlowerB, StemC, RootD, Leaf7、What is the name of the famous wall in China?A, Great WallB, Berlin WallC, City Wall8、What color do you get when you mix red and white?A, PinkB, OrangeC, PurpleD, Brown9、She is a dedicated student. 她是一名勤奋的学生。

昆明“PEP”2024年11版小学第十一次英语第4单元真题试卷[有答案]

昆明“PEP”2024年11版小学英语第4单元真题试卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：A shooting star is actually a _______ that burns up in the atmosphere.2、填空题：The __________ (历史的留下) contributes to legacy.3、填空题：The flowers bloom after it rains in the ______.4、填空题：The octopus can squeeze through ______ (狭缝).5、听力题：The _______ plays a vital role in our environment.6、填空题：The ancient civilization of ________ is recognized for its innovations.7、听力题：The _______ grows in the garden.8、What is the term for a baby goat?A. CalfB. KidC. FoalD. Lamb答案:B9、填空题：My sister enjoys __________ (游览博物馆).10、填空题：The __________ (经济发展) impacts everyday life.11、听力题：A ______ is a visual tool used to organize information.12、What do you call the large body of saltwater?A. LakeB. RiverC. OceanD. Pond13、填空题：My aunt has a cute __________. (小鸟)14、听力题：A __________ is a geological feature formed by the accumulation of sediment.15、听力题：The __________ is very colorful.16、填空题：I like to sing ______ songs with my family.17、听力题：The _____ (forest) is dense.18、填空题：The penguin waddles on ________________ (冰).19、What do we call the place where we can see historical artifacts?A. MuseumB. GalleryC. LibraryD. Studio答案:A20、What do you use to cut paper?A. ScissorsB. TapeC. GlueD. Ruler答案:A21、What do you call a place where you can go swimming?A. BeachC. LakeD. All of the above答案:D22、填空题：I enjoy ______ (参加) art competitions.23、填空题：The ______ of a daisy is made up of many tiny flowers.(雏菊的花盘由许多小花组成。

南昌2024年11版小学4年级L卷英语第四单元测验试卷

南昌2024年11版小学4年级英语第四单元测验试卷考试时间:60分钟（总分:120）考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分评级介绍：本试卷主要测试四年级学生的听说读写能力，难度适中，重点在日常对话及简单句型运用，旨在提升英语基础交流能力。

一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、What is the English word for "树"?A, TreeB, FlowerC, GrassD, Leaf2、What is the process of a seed developing into a plant called?种子发育成植物的过程称为？A, GerminationB, PollinationC, FertilizationD, Growth3、What is the term for a piece of land surrounded by water?A, IslandB, PeninsulaC, MountainD, Valley4、What is the name of the month after June?A, JulyB, AugustC, May5、What is the English word for "豹"?A, LeopardB, CheetahC, JaguarD, Lynx6、What does "黄瓜" mean in English?A, ZucchiniB, CucumberC, SquashD, Gourd7、What is the main ingredient in guacamole?A, TomatoB, AvocadoC, PepperD, Onion8、What do we call a plant that grows in a pot?中文解释：我们称生长在盆中的植物为？A, Potted plantB, Garden plantC, Wild plan9、判断下列字母的大小写是(√)否(x)一致。

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《分子生物学》作业一第2-4章/第8章什么是SNP？试述研究SNP的意义。

全称Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms，是指在基因组DNA上单个碱基的变异引起的DNA 序列多态性。

是人类可遗传变异中最常见的一种.。

SNP自身的特性决定了它更适合于对复杂性状与疾病的遗传解剖以及基于群体的基因识别等方面的研究：1）、SNP数量多，分布广泛。

2）、SNP适于快速、规模化筛查。

3）、SNP等位基因频率的容易估计。

4）、易于基因分型。

SNPs 的二态性，也有利于对其进行基因分型。

对SNP的深入研究具有以下几方面意义：由于SNP的低突变率、高密度、易于检测的特性，使得它在遗传学分析中得到广泛应用；（2）SNP具有已知性、可遗传性、可检测性，研究SNP可用于疾病基因的定位、克隆和鉴定。

寻找疾病相关的突变位点，发展疾病预防策略，（3）研究SNP本身对机体的影响，尤其是疾病的易感性，从而个性化医疗。

通过对药物靶点个体差异性分析，个性化药物、方法治疗。

（4）法医学研究。

法医检验中可以用DNA芯片分析SNP位点，应用于亲权鉴定等；(5) 器官移植中供体/受体配对分析。

对SNP的研究将有助于解释个体的表型差异、不同群体和个体对疾病特别是对负责疾病如肿瘤、某些遗传疾病、糖尿病、自身免疫性疾病等的易感性和疾病的关联基因，此外还在法医学和致病基因的搜寻中发挥重大作用。

ORF开放阅读框架(open reading frame，ORF)：在DNA链上，由蛋白质合成的起始密码开始，到终止密码为止的一个连续编码序列。

调节基因指一段有效地DNA片段，他通过转录、翻译而产生调节蛋白，该蛋白与操纵基因相互作用，从而对操纵子的活动进行控制。

请介绍目前蛋白质组学研究中最常用的基本技术流程并简述其原理。

蛋白质组学常用的研究方法有双向凝胶电泳和质谱技术，基于凝胶的工作流程是目前使用的较为广泛的、发展最为成熟的工作流程。

（1）样品制备—样品来源于细胞、组织、体液等。

也可采用全蛋白或进行预分级（线粒体、高尔基体、叶绿体、膜蛋白、核蛋白等）以提高低丰度蛋白质的上样量及检测灵敏度。

应注意尽可能扩大蛋白质的溶解度和解聚，以提高分辨率。

（2）样品分离—双向凝胶电泳（two-dimensional electrophoresis，2-DE）：利用蛋白质的等电点与分子量差异分离之。

第一向：等电聚焦IEF 第二向：SDS-PAGE。

（3）染色方法考马斯亮蓝染色、银染（不含戊二醛）、荧光染色（Cy3、Cy5），放射性同位素标记等。

简述酵母双杂交技术的原理。

答：很多真核生物的位点特异转录激活因子通常具有两个可分割开的结构域，即DNA特异结合域（BD）与转录激活域（AD）。

这两个结构域各具功能，互不影响。

但一个完整的激活特定基因表达的激活因子必须同时含有这两个结构域,否则无法完成激活功能。

不同来源激活因子的BD区与AD结合后则特异地激活被BD结合的基因表达。

基于这个原理，可将两个待测蛋白分别与这两个结构域建成融合蛋白，并共表达于同一个酵母细胞内。

如果两个待测蛋白间能发生相互作用，就会通过待测蛋白的桥梁作用使AD与BD形成一个完整的转录激活因子并激活相应的报告基因表达。

通过对报告基因表型的测定可以很容易地知道待测蛋白分子间是否发生了相互作用。

分子克隆技术包括哪些基本步骤？目的基因和载体连接主要有哪些方法？基本步骤一、目的基因的获取二、载体的选择三、目的基因和载体的酶切与连接四、重组DNA导入受体细胞五、重组体的筛选和鉴定目的基因和载体连接方法主要有(一)粘性末端连接，用DNA连接酶连接具有互补粘性末端的DNA片段；本法适用于在质粒和目的基因上有相同单或双酶切位点；(二) 平末端连接，质粒和目的基因上没有相同单或双酶切位点，人工接头，通过同聚尾连接；用T4DNA连接酶直接将平末端的DNA片段连接起来，或是用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶给具平末端的DNA片段加上poly（dA）-poly（dT）尾巴之后，再用DNA连接酶将它们连接起来；（三）先在DNA片段末端加上化学合成的衔接物或接头，使之形成粘性末端之后，再用DNA 连接酶将它们连接起来。

这三种方法虽然互有差异，但共同的一点都是利用DNA连接酶所具有的连接和封闭单链DNA的功能。

简述分子克隆中常用的工具酶及其作用。

限制性核酸内切酶的主要用途1）在分子克隆过程中切割DNA以获取目的基因片段、切割载体形成切口，使目的基因能插入载体。

2）分析限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP），用于遗传病的诊断，法医DNA指纹分析等。

3）用于构建DNA的物理图谱、基因定位及DNA同源性分析等。

DNA聚合酶1、DNA聚合酶Ⅰ和Klenow片段:Klenow片段的主要功能有：1)补齐双链DNA的3'末端，同时可使3'末端DNA标记同位素；2)在cDNA克隆中，合成cDNA第二链；3)DNA序列分析。

2、Taq DNA聚合酶Taq DNA聚合酶可用于DNA测序及通过PCR对DNA分子的特定序列进行体外扩增。

3、逆转录酶依赖RNA的DNA聚合酶，它以RNA为模板、4种dNTP为底物，催化合成DNA，其功能主要有：1)逆转录作用；2)核酸酶H的水解作用；3)依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶作用。

4、末端脱氧核糖核苷酰转移酶功能主要有：1)在载体或目的基因3'末端加上互补的同质多聚尾，形成人工粘性末端，便于DNA重组连接。

2)用于DNA 3'末端的同位素探针标记。

DNA连接酶（DNA ligase）在DNA重组中的主要功能是催化两个DNA分子的5(磷酸基团与3(羟基形成3’,5’磷酸二酯键，将具有相同粘性末端或平末端的两条双链DNA片段连接起来，实现DNA的体外重组。

碱性磷酸酶：作用是催化除去DNA、RNA或dNTP上的5'-磷酸基团，其主要用途有(出去DNA 片段上的5'磷酸，以防自身连接。

(在使用T4多核苷酸激酶和32P同位素标记前出去RNA 或DNA上端的5'磷酸。

核酸酶S1:可水解双链DNA、RNA或DNA-RNA杂交分子中的单链部分，其作用是出去双链DNA的粘性末端以产生平末端、出去cDNA合成时形成的发夹结构以及分析RNA的颈环结构和DNA-RNA分子的杂交情况等。

举例说明载体应具备的基本要素以及双抗生素筛选和蓝白斑筛选的原理。

载体应具有以下特征①能自我复制并具有较高的拷贝数，并有适宜的相对分子量，一般应<10kb;②带有遗传筛选标记；③有适当的限制酶切位点，便于外源基因的插入和筛选。

（2）双抗生素筛选原理：某些质粒载体如pBR322质粒中装有Ampr和Tetr 抗性基因，在含四环素和氨苄青霉素的平皿上都能够生长的细菌只含有空载体，此筛选方法称为双抗生素对照筛选。

(3)Blue/white screen: 蓝白斑筛选。

即β-半乳糖苷酶基因失活筛选。

其原理是：某些质粒载体带有大肠杆菌乳糖操纵子的lacZ’基因，该基因含一段编码β-半乳糖苷酶氨基末端145个氨基酸α－肽的DNA片断，IPTG可诱导此片断合成，此片断能与宿主细胞所编码的缺陷型β-半乳糖苷酶实现基因内α－互补，形成完整的β－半乳糖苷酶。

该酶能催化指使剂底物X－gal形成蓝色菌落。

当外源基因插入lacZ’基因中MCS(多克隆位点)，lacα－肽基因阅读框架被破坏，细菌内将无β－半乳糖苷酶活性，结果重组克隆呈白色菌落。

有哪些常用的探针标记物？如何进行探针的标记？放射性同位素标记:常用标记探针的同位素:32P：β，半衰期短（14.3d），标记核苷三磷酸，灵敏度很高，分辨率不高。

35S：β，标记蛋氨酸或取代核苷酸α位磷酸基中的氧，灵敏度高，分辨率较高，核酸序列测定和原位杂交。

3H：β，半衰期长（4417d），使用较少。

125I：γ，分辨率高，操作简单，安全防护要求较高，原位杂交。

同位素标记方法1. 缺口平移法（双链）2．随机引物法（单链）3.DNA探针的末端标记4．PCR标记DNA探针5．单向体外转录制备RNA探针非放射性标记1）.酶标记核酸探针辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）易进入细胞内部，便宜，易观察，应用最广泛。

常用标记方法是戊二醛交联法和过碘酸钠法2）．生物素（biotin）标记核酸探针应用广泛，可替代同位素标记。

用链亲和素系统检测。

酶促标记法操作复杂，价格昂贵。

光敏生物素（photobiotin）标记方法简单，价格适宜。

地高辛（DIG）：标记于dUTP上，通过随机引物或缺口平移法引入DNA分子中。

可长期保存，不受组织、细胞中内源性生物素的干扰，敏感性高，检测产物反差好，背景染色低。

广泛应用于Southern印迹杂交、斑点杂交、菌落杂交尤其是原位杂交。

荧光素（fluorescein）：标记方法有直接法和间接法。

非放射性标记方法1.化学修饰法：简单、成本低、较通用。

2.酶促反应标记法：灵敏度高，过程较复杂，成本较高。

影响核酸分子杂交的因素有那些？如何进行杂交条件的优化？影响核酸分子杂交的因素：（1）温度和时间：一般认为比Tm低25℃左右的温度是复性的最佳条件，越远离此温度，复性速度就越慢；复性时温度下降必须是一缓慢过程，若在超过Tm的温度下迅速冷却至低温（如4℃以下），复性几乎是不可能的。

（2）DNA浓度：DNA复性的第一步是两个单链分子间的相互作用“成核”，“成核”速度与DNA浓度的平方成正比；溶液中DNA分子越多，相互碰撞结合“成核”的机会越大。

（3）DNA分子大小和复杂度：DNA分子越大，复性速率越慢；DNA分子越复杂，复性速率也越慢。

（4）离子强度对：增加盐浓度可加快互补链合成双链的速度，盐中和DNA单链中磷酸基团的负电荷，减少互补链静电排斥。

优化方法：探针的选择: 检测靶单个碱基改变选用寡核苷酸探针；在检测单链靶序列选用与其互补的DNA单链探针或RNA探针。

长的双链DNA探针特异性较强，适宜检测复杂的靶核苷酸序列和病原体；100bp左右的探针适合原位杂交。

探针的标记方法:在检测单拷贝基因序列时，应选用标记效率高、显示灵敏的探针标记方法；在对灵敏要求不高时，可采用保存时间长的生物素探针技术和价廉的HRP显示系统等。

探针的浓度:随探针浓度增加，杂交率也增加，在较窄的范围内，随探针浓度增加，敏感性增加；膜杂交中32P标记探针与非放射性标记探针的用量分别为5～10ng/ml和25～1000ng/ml；原位杂交中，一般各种标记探针，其用量均为0.5～5.0μg/ml 。

杂交最适温度: 杂交技术最重要的因素之一是选择最适的杂交反应温度。

若反应温度低于Tm 10～15℃，碱基顺序高度同源的互补链可形成稳定的双链，错配对减少；最适复性温度比Tm低25 ℃。

一般情况下，在不含变性剂甲酰胺时，大多数杂交反应在65℃进行，当含50%甲酰胺时，在42℃进行。