专四语法重点难点资料
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在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。
On hearing the bad news, she cried.
I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time.
2）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 3.在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来 的句子中，有时候上下文或其他方式也能 表示假设情况，这时仍需用虚拟语气。例 如：
• It would have been considered impossible in the past.
用虚拟法 （倒装） • Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we
动名词的时态和语态
1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如G.的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时
发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。
We are interested in _____ (play) chess.
如G.的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之 前，通常用完成式。
I’m sorry for not _____ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是
• = If I hadn’t been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.
• （前事实后虚拟）标志: otherwise
Eg. I was too busy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you.
The Gerund
动名词的特点：
① 抽象 ② 习惯性
His hobby is painting.
习惯 I’m proud of being a Chinese
抽象
不定式与动名词的区别：
不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而 动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：
It’s no good eating too much fat. It’s not good for you to eat so much fat.
动名词与不定式的不同含义：
1) be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事
be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现
She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper.
She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband, for he was ill.
• A) will have stayed B) shall stay been staying D) have stayed
C) have
虚拟语气--而用介词短语表示违反事实的假设，此
时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气。
In your place, I would have accepted the invitation. But for you, I would never have met my lost brother. • 例：Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today. • A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be • 例：Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology________ . • A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved • C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
• If he had done as I had suggested then, he wouldn’t be regretful now.
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 1.if only（但愿，要是……就好了）的用法和I
wish句型的用法基本相同，只是更有感情色彩。 • 在if only引导的句子中，过去式谓语动词表示一
He was afraid of _____ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _____ (damage).
但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading.
（目的）
不定式一般不能作介词的宾语； 只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等 后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。
He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.
We have no choice but to wait outside.
• A) unless
B) provided
• C) lest
D) in that
• 二．非谓语动词+独立主格（每次考4-7题，）
语法核心考点：（虚拟、非谓语动词、从句连接词、11种倒 装、主谓一致时态语态情态、）
• 1．. All the flights ______________, the passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A) 1. Today ____( be ) Sunday, the library
doesn’t open. 2. There _____( be ) no buses, we had
to walk home.
3. The signal _____( give ), the bus started. 4. Weather ____ ( permit ), we’ll visit the
跟随虚拟语气的动词
▪ 一坚持一决定，二愿望 ▪ 三命令三建议，四要求 ▪ 一坚持：insist 一决定：decide ▪ 二愿望：desire, prefer ▪ 三命令：order, command, direct ▪ 三建议：suggest, propose, move ▪ 四要求：demand, require, request, ask
• But that she witnessed the robbery, she could not have believed it.
虚拟和事实
• （前虚拟后事实）标志: but
• Eg. I would have gone to the party with you, but I was too busy.
They could do nothing but ask for help.
--谓语动词为do 的任何一种形式，but 后面要 省略to, 直接加动词原形。
不定式的时态与语态：
1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同 时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。
I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 I’m very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. The article is said to have been read by many people.
KAMP RIDES FACE
K keep A admit, avoid, acknowledge M mind, miss P postpone, practice R risk, resist, recall, resent ,(hate) repent (regret) I imagine, include D deny, dislike, delay E enjoy, escape, S suggest, stop F fancy, finish A advocate C consider E evade
• If only I had taken her advice years ago.
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 2.在带有由but that的从句的句子中but that 表示“即使不，要不是”时。
• But that从句中的动词一般要用陈述语气， 主句用虚拟语气。例如：
• But that you helped him with his English, he would have failed.
不定式
infinitive
表将 来
表目的
表某一次具体的动作
I have a lot of work to do. （将来）
I like dancing, but I don’t like to dance today.
（某一次具体的动作）
To learn English well, you must practise more.
❖Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
❖Having been examined by the doctor, the patient went home.
独立主格结构 （ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主 语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑 主语时，叫独立主格结构。）
专四语法讲座
专四语法大纲
专四语法大纲
专四词汇大纲
语法核心考点：（虚拟、非谓语动词、从句连接词、11种倒 装、主谓一致时态语态情态、）
• 一．虚拟语气（9类考法，每次考3-7题）
• 1． The mad man was shut in a padded cell
__________ he should injure himself.
• A) were cancelled C) having been cancelled • B) had been cancelled D) had cancelled
• 三．特殊时态
• 1. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we____________ here for two days.
Great Wall. 5. A teacher from England ____( teach ) us
English, we’re sure to learn it well.
B) 6. With him ____( give ) us a lead, our team
种假设或意愿，“would+动词原形”表示一种一 时难以实现的愿望，过去完成式的谓语动词表示 希望与过去事实相反的情况发生。例如：
• If only I had more time to think about the problem. If only the child would not eat so much sugar.
虚拟语气--错综时间的虚拟语气
• 有时候，条件句中谓语动词表示动作发生的时间和 主句谓语动词所表达的动作发生的时间不同，这时， 动词的形式要根据表示的时间进行调整。如：
• If we hadn’t worked hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
would have the sports meeting. • =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the
sports meeting. • If she had been given more information,
she could have answered the questions.
On hearing the bad news, she cried.
I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time.
2）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 3.在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来 的句子中，有时候上下文或其他方式也能 表示假设情况，这时仍需用虚拟语气。例 如：
• It would have been considered impossible in the past.
用虚拟法 （倒装） • Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we
动名词的时态和语态
1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如G.的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时
发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。
We are interested in _____ (play) chess.
如G.的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之 前，通常用完成式。
I’m sorry for not _____ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是
• = If I hadn’t been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.
• （前事实后虚拟）标志: otherwise
Eg. I was too busy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you.
The Gerund
动名词的特点：
① 抽象 ② 习惯性
His hobby is painting.
习惯 I’m proud of being a Chinese
抽象
不定式与动名词的区别：
不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而 动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：
It’s no good eating too much fat. It’s not good for you to eat so much fat.
动名词与不定式的不同含义：
1) be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事
be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现
She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper.
She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband, for he was ill.
• A) will have stayed B) shall stay been staying D) have stayed
C) have
虚拟语气--而用介词短语表示违反事实的假设，此
时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气。
In your place, I would have accepted the invitation. But for you, I would never have met my lost brother. • 例：Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today. • A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be • 例：Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology________ . • A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved • C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
• If he had done as I had suggested then, he wouldn’t be regretful now.
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 1.if only（但愿，要是……就好了）的用法和I
wish句型的用法基本相同，只是更有感情色彩。 • 在if only引导的句子中，过去式谓语动词表示一
He was afraid of _____ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _____ (damage).
但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading.
（目的）
不定式一般不能作介词的宾语； 只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等 后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。
He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.
We have no choice but to wait outside.
• A) unless
B) provided
• C) lest
D) in that
• 二．非谓语动词+独立主格（每次考4-7题，）
语法核心考点：（虚拟、非谓语动词、从句连接词、11种倒 装、主谓一致时态语态情态、）
• 1．. All the flights ______________, the passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A) 1. Today ____( be ) Sunday, the library
doesn’t open. 2. There _____( be ) no buses, we had
to walk home.
3. The signal _____( give ), the bus started. 4. Weather ____ ( permit ), we’ll visit the
跟随虚拟语气的动词
▪ 一坚持一决定，二愿望 ▪ 三命令三建议，四要求 ▪ 一坚持：insist 一决定：decide ▪ 二愿望：desire, prefer ▪ 三命令：order, command, direct ▪ 三建议：suggest, propose, move ▪ 四要求：demand, require, request, ask
• But that she witnessed the robbery, she could not have believed it.
虚拟和事实
• （前虚拟后事实）标志: but
• Eg. I would have gone to the party with you, but I was too busy.
They could do nothing but ask for help.
--谓语动词为do 的任何一种形式，but 后面要 省略to, 直接加动词原形。
不定式的时态与语态：
1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同 时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。
I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 I’m very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. The article is said to have been read by many people.
KAMP RIDES FACE
K keep A admit, avoid, acknowledge M mind, miss P postpone, practice R risk, resist, recall, resent ,(hate) repent (regret) I imagine, include D deny, dislike, delay E enjoy, escape, S suggest, stop F fancy, finish A advocate C consider E evade
• If only I had taken her advice years ago.
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 2.在带有由but that的从句的句子中but that 表示“即使不，要不是”时。
• But that从句中的动词一般要用陈述语气， 主句用虚拟语气。例如：
• But that you helped him with his English, he would have failed.
不定式
infinitive
表将 来
表目的
表某一次具体的动作
I have a lot of work to do. （将来）
I like dancing, but I don’t like to dance today.
（某一次具体的动作）
To learn English well, you must practise more.
❖Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
❖Having been examined by the doctor, the patient went home.
独立主格结构 （ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主 语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑 主语时，叫独立主格结构。）
专四语法讲座
专四语法大纲
专四语法大纲
专四词汇大纲
语法核心考点：（虚拟、非谓语动词、从句连接词、11种倒 装、主谓一致时态语态情态、）
• 一．虚拟语气（9类考法，每次考3-7题）
• 1． The mad man was shut in a padded cell
__________ he should injure himself.
• A) were cancelled C) having been cancelled • B) had been cancelled D) had cancelled
• 三．特殊时态
• 1. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we____________ here for two days.
Great Wall. 5. A teacher from England ____( teach ) us
English, we’re sure to learn it well.
B) 6. With him ____( give ) us a lead, our team
种假设或意愿，“would+动词原形”表示一种一 时难以实现的愿望，过去完成式的谓语动词表示 希望与过去事实相反的情况发生。例如：
• If only I had more time to think about the problem. If only the child would not eat so much sugar.
虚拟语气--错综时间的虚拟语气
• 有时候，条件句中谓语动词表示动作发生的时间和 主句谓语动词所表达的动作发生的时间不同，这时， 动词的形式要根据表示的时间进行调整。如：
• If we hadn’t worked hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
would have the sports meeting. • =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the
sports meeting. • If she had been given more information,
she could have answered the questions.