【英语二基础精讲】第六课 (1)

英语（二）（课程代码：00015）
付志宽Alex
如何快速理解英语句子
意群
1. 定义
意群就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分即称为一个意群。

2. 如何划分意群
词组、介词、连词、不定式、分词、从句引导词
Running: Sport or Way of Life?
You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run.
One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration.
Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly.
How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent.
If you're looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you.
You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. go through 查阅channel['tʃæn(ə)l] n 电视频道
go through 通读；查阅
If you go through a list, story, or plan, you read or check it from beginning to end.
“You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. ”
Paragraph 1 意群分析
You go through the channels several times∣and find ∣ that once again there's nothing on TV ∣ that interests you. ∣ Not a problem! ∣ Just put on some running shoes ∣ and comfortable clothes ∣ and go ∣ for a run. go through 查阅channel['tʃæn(ə)l] n 电视频道
Paragraph 1 参考译文
你一遍又一遍地切换电视频道，然后再次发现没什么电视节目能吸引你。

这不是什么问题。

穿上跑步鞋和舒服的衣服，出去跑步（就好了）。

go through 查阅channel['tʃæn(ə)l] n 电视频道
Paragraph 2 原文
One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. equipment
[ɪ'kwɪpm(ə)nt] n 设备
fool[fuːl] v 欺骗discipline['dɪsɪplɪn] n 自律concentration
[kɒns(ə)n'treɪʃ(ə)n] n 专心
Paragraph 2 单词
discipline['dɪsɪplɪn] n 自律
Discipline is the quality of being able to behave and work in a controlled way which involves obeying particular rules or standards.
“It requires discipline and concentration.“
that 引导的表语从句
One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment.
例：
•My advice is that you should study English.
•我的建议是你应该学习英语。

One ∣ of the best things ∣ about the sport ∣ of running is ∣ that you don't need expensive equipment. ∣ All you need is a good pair of running shoes ∣ and a safe environment.∣But don't be fooled ∣ into thinking the sport ∣ of running is easy. ∣ It requires discipline ∣ and concentration. equipment
[ɪ'kwɪpm(ə)nt] n 设备
fool[fuːl] v 欺骗discipline['dɪsɪplɪn] n 自律concentration
[kɒns(ə)n'treɪʃ(ə)n] n 专心
Paragraph 2 参考译文
跑步运动最好的一点就是你不需要昂贵的设备。

但也别傻傻地以为跑步很轻松。

跑步需要自律和专心。

equipment
[ɪ'kwɪpm(ə)nt] n 设备
fool[fuːl] v 欺骗discipline['dɪsɪplɪn] n 自律concentration
[kɒns(ə)n'treɪʃ(ə)n] n 专心
Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. physically['fɪzɪkəllɪ] adv身体上地mentally['ment(ə)lɪ] adv心理上地
lung[lʌŋ] n 肺aware[ə'weə] adj意识到的
physically ['fɪzɪkəllɪ] adv身体上地
mentally ['ment(ə)lɪ] adv心理上地
“Running is good for you both physically and mentally. ”
形容词和副词的比较级
“It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. It makes you more aware of your body.”
“It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly.“
Running is good ∣ for you both physically ∣ and mentally.∣It strengthens your heart, lungs, ∣ and muscles. ∣ It makes you more aware ∣ of your body. ∣ Running also improves your body ∣ so that you don't get sick ∣ as easily.∣It can even help you ∣ to stay more focused ∣ in school ∣ because exercise helps you ∣ to think more clearly. physically['fɪzɪkəllɪ] adv身体上地mentally['ment(ə)lɪ] adv心理上地
lung[lʌŋ] n 肺aware[ə'weə] adj意识到的
Paragraph 3 参考译文
跑步对身心都有好处。

它可以增强心肺和肌肉，让你更加熟悉自己的身体。

跑步也可以增强体魄，让你不容易生病。

它甚至可以让你在学校里更加专注，因为锻炼可以使你思维更清晰。

physically['fɪzɪkəllɪ] adv身体上地mentally['ment(ə)lɪ] adv心理上地
lung[lʌŋ] n 肺aware[ə'weə] adj意识到的
Paragraph 4 原文
How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. engage[ɪn'geɪdʒ] v 参与
competition
[kɒmpɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n] n 比赛
practical
['præktɪk(ə)l] adj实际的
Paragraph 4 单词
engage [ɪn'geɪdʒ] v 从事
If you engage in an activity, you do it or are actively involved with it.
“How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much
about it? ”
Paragraph 4 意群分析
How do you get engaged ∣ in the sport ∣ if you don't know much ∣ about it?∣Most schools offer running programs. ∣ A simple internet search can help you find some ∣ in your area. ∣ The programs show you ∣ how running can offer competition ∣ or just be ∣ for fun. ∣ They also teach runners∣to set practical goals ∣ and take care of their bodies. engage[ɪn'geɪdʒ] v 参与
competition
[kɒmpɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n] n 比赛
practical
['præktɪk(ə)l] adj实际的
如果你对跑步了解得不多，那你要怎样参与这项活动呢？很多学校都提供跑步项目。

在网上简单搜一下就能帮你找到一些你所在区域的跑步项目。

这些项目可以给你展示跑步是如何竞赛的，或者仅是为了娱乐。

他们还教跑步者去设定实际目标和照顾好自己。

engage[ɪn'geɪdʒ] v 参与
competition
[kɒmpɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n] n 比赛
practical
['præktɪk(ə)l] adj实际的
Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent.
If you're looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you.Participation
[pɑː,tɪsɪ'peɪʃn] n 参与
effort['efət] n 努力recognize
['rekəɡnaɪz] v 认出talent['tælənt] n 天才
respect[rɪ'spekt] n 敬重
If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them.
“Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. ”
effort['efət] n 努力
If you make an effort to do something, you try very hard to do it.
“Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. “
Paragraph 5-6 意群分析
Runners have great respect ∣ for each other ∣ because they know ∣ how difficult the sport can be. ∣ If you go to a race, ∣ you'll see people ∣ cheering for all the runners. ∣ Running isn't always∣about ∣ how fast you are ∣ or how far you're going. ∣ It's ∣ about ∣ getting out there ∣ and doing it. ∣ Participation is more important ∣ than competition, ∣ and effort is recognized ∣ over talent.
If you're looking for ∣ more than just a sport, ∣ running may be the perfect choice ∣ for you.Participation
[pɑː,tɪsɪ'peɪʃn] n 参与
effort['efət] n 努力recognize
['rekəɡnaɪz] v 认出talent['tælənt] n 天才
Paragraph 5-6 参考译文
跑步者都非常敬重对方，因为他们知道这项运动是多么的难。

如果你去参加比赛，你会看到大家为所有的跑步者欢呼加油。

跑步不总是关于你有多快，或者你跑得有多远，它是关于走出去然后跑步。

参与比比赛更重要，努力要大过天赋。

如果你寻找的不仅仅是一项运动，那么跑步就是你最完美的选择。

Participation
[pɑː,tɪsɪ'peɪʃn] n 参与
effort['efət] n 努力recognize
['rekəɡnaɪz] v 认出talent['tælənt] n 天才
Labor Market Decline
The decline of the labor market is easy to misinterpret. There are many reasons for that. During the 1970s, large numbers of women and young adults born during the baby boom entered into the work force. That resulted in too many workers for the jobs available and depressed wages. The decline also has something to do with the explosive growth in world trade since 1960. As manufacturing technologies have become more mobile, production jobs have moved from the U.S. to countries where wages are low. In addition, technology itself has helped to cause the shifts in the job market. For example, fewer American workers are needed to make steel today than in the past, because new machines have made many of their tasks unnecessary. Finally, the high rate of unemployment caused by these factors has tended to drive wages down further.
Paragraph 1 原文1
The decline of the labor market is easy to misinterpret. There are many reasons for that. During the 1970s, large numbers of women and young adults born during the baby boom entered into the work force. That resulted in too many workers for the jobs available and depressed wages. The decline also has something to do with the explosive growth in world trade since 1960. misinterpret
[mɪsɪn'tɜːprɪt] v 曲解
baby boom 婴儿潮work force 劳动大军available
[ə'veɪləb(ə)l] adj可获得的
available[ə'veɪləb(ə)l] adj可获得的
If something you want or need is available, you can find it or obtain it.
“That resulted in too many workers for the jobs available and depressed wages.”
前缀mis-表否定
misinterpret 误解（mis+ interpret 解释→ misinterpret 误解）
过去分词短语作定语
During the 1970s, large numbers of women and young adults born during the baby boom entered into the work force.
例：
•Most of the people invited to the party were his old schoolmates.应邀参加晚会的大多数人是他的老校友。

The decline ∣ of the labor market is easy ∣ to misinterpret. ∣ There are many reasons ∣ for that. ∣ During the 1970s, ∣ large numbers of women ∣ and young adults ∣ born during the baby boom entered ∣ into the work force.∣That resulted in too many workers ∣ for the jobs available ∣ and depressed wages.∣The decline also has something to do ∣ with the explosive growth ∣ in world trade ∣ since 1960. misinterpret
[mɪsɪn'tɜːprɪt] v 曲解
baby boom 婴儿潮work force 劳动大军available
[ə'veɪləb(ə)l] adj可获得的
劳动力市场的衰退很容易遭到误解。

它的原因是有
很多的。

在20世纪70年代期间，很多妇女和在婴儿高
峰期出生的年轻人都涌入劳动力大军。

这就导致了在可提供的工作岗位上对应有太多的工人，然后降低了工资。

这个衰退还和从1960年开始的世界贸易的爆炸式增长
有关。

misinterpret
[mɪsɪn'tɜːprɪt] v 曲解
baby boom 婴儿潮work force 劳动大军available
[ə'veɪləb(ə)l] adj可获得的
Paragraph 1 原文2
As manufacturing technologies have become more mobile, production jobs have moved from the U.S. to countries where wages are low. In addition, technology itself has helped to cause the shifts in the job market. manufacturing [,mænjʊ'fæktʃərɪŋ] n 制造业
wage [weɪdʒ] n 工资shift[ʃɪft] n 变化job market 就业市场
as 引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”
As manufacturing technologies have become more mobile, production jobs have moved from the U.S. to countries where wages are low.
例：
•As he is so lazy, he never cooks by himself.
因为他很懒，所以他从来不自己做饭。

As manufacturing technologies have become more mobile, ∣ production jobs have moved ∣ from the U.S. ∣ to countries ∣ where wages are low.∣In addition, ∣ technology itself has helped∣to cause the shifts ∣ in the job market. manufacturing [,mænjʊ'fæktʃərɪŋ] n 制造业
wage [weɪdʒ] n 工资shift[ʃɪft] n 变化job market 就业市场
因为制造技术已经变得更加可以流动，生产工作从美国转移到工资低的国家。

另外，技术本身也已经促使就业市场发生变化。

manufacturing [,mænjʊ'fæktʃərɪŋ] n 制造业
wage [weɪdʒ] n 工资shift[ʃɪft] n 变化job market 就业市场
Paragraph 1 原文3
For example, fewer American workers are needed to make steel today than in the past, because new machines have made many of their tasks unnecessary. Finally, the high rate of unemployment caused by these factors has tended to drive wages down further.steel[stiːl] n 钢unemployment [ʌnɪm'plɒɪm(ə)nt] n 失业
wage[weɪdʒ] n 工资
Paragraph 1 原文3 –单词
前缀un-表否定
unnecessary 不必要的（un + necessary 必要的→ 不必要的）
unemployment 失业（un + employment 雇佣→ 失业）
过去分词短语作定语
Finally, the high rate of unemployment caused by these factors has tended to drive wages down further.
For example,∣fewer American workers are needed ∣ to make steel today ∣ than in the past,∣because new machines have made many ∣ of their tasks unnecessary. ∣ Finally, the high rate∣of unemployment ∣ caused by these factors has tended to drive wages down further.relief[rɪ'liːf] n 安慰depression
[dɪ'preʃ(ə)n] n 沮丧bearable['beərəb(ə)l] adj可忍受的
benefit['benɪfɪt] n 好处
例如，炼钢在今天要比过去需要更少的美国工人，
因为新的机器已经使他们的很多工作变得不必要。

最终，由这些因素造成的高失业率就把工资水平拉的更低了。

relief[rɪ'liːf] n 安慰depression
[dɪ'preʃ(ə)n] n 沮丧bearable['beərəb(ə)l] adj可忍受的
benefit['benɪfɪt] n 好处
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