sat长难句_changnanju

第五章SAT阅读长难句（真题部分）
1.Not only are celebrities the protagonists of our news, the subjects of our daily discourse, and
the repositories of our values, but they have also embedded themselves so deeply in our consciousness that many individuals profess feeling closer to, and more passionate about, them than about their own primary relationships: witness the fervent public to interest in the life of Britain's Princess Diana, or the fans who told television interviewers that her wedding was the happiest day of their lives.
难句类型：倒装+并列+复杂修饰
难词注解：protagonist n.主角, 支持者
repository n.容器, 仓库, 贮藏室, 智囊
fervent a.热情的
语法分析：Not only arecelebritiesthe protagonists of our news, the subjects of our
谓语主语宾语
daily discourse, and the repositories of our values, but theyhave also embedded
并列宾语并列宾语主语谓语
themselves so deeply in our consciousness that many individuals profess feeling closer
结果状语从句
to, and more passionate about, them than about their own primary relationships:
witnessthe fervent publicto interest in the life of Britain's Princess Diana, or the fans
谓语宾语宾语补足语宾语
who told television interviewers that her wedding was the happiest day of their lives.
定语从句宾语从句
意群训练：Not onlyare celebritiesthe protagonists of our news,the subjects of ourdaily discourse,and the repositories of our values, butthey have alsoembedded themselves so deeplyin our consciousnessthatmany individualsprofessfeeling closer to, and more passionate about, themthan abouttheir own primary relationships:witnessthe fervent publicto interest inthe life of Britain's Princess Diana, or the fanswho told television interviewersthather weddingwas the happiest day of their lives.
参考译文：名人不仅是新闻的主角、日常谈论的话题、价值观的源泉，而且他们把自己牢固树立在我们意识当中，许多人承认，他们对名人更有兴趣，更有激情，胜过关心自己的私人事务。

举个例子，狂热的公众对威尔士王妃戴安娜的私生活非常感兴趣，还有粉丝告诉电视记者，戴安娜的婚礼当天是他们一生最幸福的一天。

2.“No, I won't ride with servicemen,”said my casually seditious father, as he slowed down and
peered at a soldier and then resumed his full cruising speed, while I, patriotically offended, watched the stunned defender of my freedoms kicking at his duffle bag and getting smaller and smaller as planet Pontiac continued its fuming orbit.
难句类型：复杂修饰+修辞方法（明喻/simile）+幽默的语气
难词注解：seditious a.煽动性的
stunned a. 震惊的, 惊讶的
duffle bag帆布行李袋
Pontiac庞帝克，美国产轿车
fuming冒烟的
语法分析：“No, I won't ride with servicemen,” said my casually seditious father, as he slowed 谓语主语
down and peered at a soldier and then resumed his full cruising speed, while I, patriotically
状语主语
Offended, watched the stunned defender of my freedoms kicking at his duffle bag and
插入语谓语宾语宾补
gettingsmaller and smaller as planet Pontiac continued its fuming orbit.
意群训练：“No, I won't ride with servicemen,”saidmy casually seditious father, as he
slowed down and peered at a soldier and then resumed his full cruising speed, while I,patriotically offended, watched the stunned defender of my freedomskicking at his duffle
bag andgetting smaller and smalleras planet Pontiac continued its fuming orbit.
参考译文：我爸爸减缓了车速，瞥见了士兵，又重新加足马力，带着一丝若无其事的煽动性语气说：“不，我才不要和军人共车呢！”。

而我的爱国心却受到了伤害，看着那个惊愕的“自由守护者”踢着他的帆布行李袋。

随着我们行星一样的庞帝克车继续行使在浓烟滚滚的轨道上，我也看着这个士兵的身影越来越小了。

3. Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultants who offer humor seminars and improvisational workshops— all in the name of improved productivity.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：dole out发放
语法分析：Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultantswho
主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语
offer humor seminars and improvisational workshops— all in the name of improved
定语状语
productivity.
意群训练：Fortune 500 companiesactually dole out big feesto comedy consultantswhooffer humor seminars and improvisational workshops— all in the name ofimproved productivity.
参考译文：事实上，财富500强的公司借着提高生产力的名义，为开展幽默讨论会和即兴训练的喜剧顾问发放大量经费。

4.By journey's end, I will not be the man I am today. Africa will have changed me in ways I cannot
predict, perhaps in ways profound, perhaps only superficial. Perhaps I will lose a few pounds, perhaps the arrogance in my walk. Perhaps my walk, even my way of looking at things, will be a little more African. But for now, I am different.
难句类型：重复/repetition
难词注解：arrogance n.傲慢，自大
语法分析：By journey's end, Iwill not bethe manI am today. Africawill have changedme in
状语主语谓语宾语定语主语谓语宾语
ways I cannot predict, perhaps in ways profound, perhaps only superficial. Perhaps Iwill lose 定语状语主语谓语
a few pounds, perhaps the arrogance in my walk. Perhaps my walk, even my way of looking
宾语主语
at things, will be a little more African. But for now, I am different.
谓语
意群训练：By journey's end, I will not be the man I am today. Africa will have changed mein ways I cannot predict, perhaps in ways profound, perhaps only superficial.Perhaps I will lose a few pounds, perhaps the arrogance in my walk. Perhaps my walk.even my way of looking at
things, will be a little more African. But for now, I am different.
参考译文：行至途穷，我将不再是现在的我。

非洲将以我想象不到的方式改变我，或许深远，或许浅显。

也许我会憔悴消瘦，也许我会傲视群雄。

也许我的姿态，甚至我看待事的方式，也将更贴近非洲人。

但是现在，我依然是我。

5.One can as easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomist because of where one went to school or
whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：neuroanatomist神经解剖学家
compelling a.引起兴趣的
语法分析：Onecan as easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomistbecause of where one
主语谓语宾语
went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling
状语
early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system.
状语
意群训练：One canas easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomistbecause of where one
went to schoolor whose influence one happened to come underas because of a compelling
early responseto the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system.
参考译文：正如化学的机理和人类神经系统的美妙能激发人们对于化学或者神经解剖学的强烈兴趣一样，人同样容易受到学校环境和某位人士的影响，从而成为化学家或者神经解剖学家。

6.Provide your readers with such assistance. If you would like them to rest for a minute so you can
sneak up behind them and stun them with something new, let them have a little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a little moment of superiority.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：sneak up悄悄地接近
语法分析：Provideyour readerswith such assistance. If you would like them to rest for a
谓语宾语宾补
minuteso you can sneak up behind them and stun them with something new, letthemhave
条件状语结果状语谓语宾语
a little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a little
宾补
moment of superiority.
意群训练：Provide your readers with such assistance. If you would like them to rest for a
minuteso you can sneak up behind themand stun them with something new,let them havea little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a littlemoment of superiority.
参考译文：为你的读者提供这种描写。

如果你想让他们休息片刻以便自己悄悄躲到他们背后，用新的文字再次震惊读者的话，你可以先给读者一段平静的描写，或是忍俊不禁的文字，或是短暂的优越感。

7.The predominant fashion among serious writers has been to consider any recognizable concern for
the reader as a commercial blemish on the otherwise spotless face of art.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：blemish n.缺点
语法分析：The predominant fashionamong serious writershas been to considerany
主语状语谓语
recognizable concern for the reader as a commercial blemish on the otherwise spotless face 宾语宾补
of art.
意群训练：The predominant fashion among serious writershas been to considerany recognizable concern for the readeras a commercial blemishon the otherwise spotless face of art.
参考译文：在严谨的作家中有一种主导观点：对于一个原本无暇的艺术品来说，任何明确的有关读者的考虑都是一种商业化的瑕疵（本句需重点掌握otherwise的用法，可以理解成“原本”）。

8.Authors who make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be expected to
tolerate the attitudes of critically acclaimed nineteenth-century novelists, who believed that their first duty was to try to seem “pleasant,” and that to do so they must render their meanings “without an effort to the reader.”
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语
难词注解：acclaim vt.向…欢呼,为…喝彩
render vt.提供
语法分析：Authorswho make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be 主语定语插入语谓语
expectedto tolerate the attitudes ofcritically acclaimed nineteenth-century novelists, who
宾语定语
b elievedthat their first duty was to try to seem “pleasant,” and that to do so they must
定语从句宾语从句
render their meanings “without an effort to the reader.”
宾语从句
意群训练：Authorswho make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be expectedto tolerate the attitudes ofcritically acclaimed nineteenth-century novelists,who believed thattheir first duty was totry to seem “pleasant,”and that to do sothey must render their meanings“without an effort to the reader.”
参考译文：就艺术作品完整性的层面而言，将此奉为箴言的作家，很难容忍在19世纪受到评论界赞赏的小说家的态度。

这些小说家认为自己的首要职责是“愉悦读者”，为实现该职责，他们必须把作品“不费吹灰之力”地展示给读者。

9.The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a
problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：hypothesis n.假说，假设，前提
语法分析：The scientific methodisthe systematic pursuit of knowledgeinvolving the
主语谓语宾语
identification of a problem, the collection of relevant datathrough observation and
定语宾语状语
experimentation,and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the
宾语定语
problem.
意群训练：The scientific methodis the systematic pursuit of knowledgeinvolving the identification of a problem,the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation,and the formulation and testing of hypothesesthat aim to solve the problem.
参考译文：科学方法是对知识系统的追求，它包括对问题的区分、通过观察和实验收集的数据和旨在解决问题的对假说的构建和验证。

10.Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the
rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too soon.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：triple v.(使)增至三倍
语法分析：Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly 状语状语
triple that of the rest of society, the scientific communitymay have promisedtoo much too
主语谓语状语
soon.
意群训练：Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort toraise financial supportat a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society,the scientific communitymay have promisedtoo much too soon.
参考译文：在过去的25年中，为了将对科学界投入的经济支持的增长速率提高到近乎社会其它领域的三倍，科学界也许有点急功近利。

11.Perhaps one can say with more than mere intuition that certain skills do atrophy through not being
used, that an increasing reliance on electronics to mediate our apprehension of the world does lead to the loss of certain sensitivities, and that to lose any sensitivity or awareness is limiting and unwise.
难句类型：复杂修饰+难词
难词注解：intuition n.直觉
atrophy v.萎缩，衰退
mediate v.调停, 斡旋
apprehension n.忧惧
语法分析：Perhaps onecan saywith more than mere intuition that certain skills do atrophy
主语谓语状语宾语从句
through not being used, that an increasing reliance on electronics to mediate our apprehension
宾语从句
of the world does lead to the loss of certain sensitivities, and that to lose any sensitivity or
宾语从句
awareness is limiting and unwise.
意群训练：Perhaps one can saywith more than mere intuitionthat certain skills do atrophy
through not being used, that an increasing reliance on electronicsto mediate our apprehension
of the worlddoes lead to the loss of certain sensitivities, and that to lose any sensitivity or awarenessis limiting and unwise.
参考译文：或许，我们不只仅凭直觉就能认定：某种技能不使用就会退化，我们越来越依赖于用电子产品作为媒介来实现我们对世界的理解并导致我们某些感官的丧失——而这种丧失当然是不明智的。

12.If there is a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, it might be one analogous to recognizing
the paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of species. The more the world becomes politically, economically, and culturally centralized, the more homogenized its ways of living, the more the dangers of sameness become apparent.
难句类型：复杂修饰+难词
难词注解：sentimental a.感伤的；多愁善感的
analogous a.相似的
paramount a.极为重要的, 至高无上的
homogenize v.使均匀，使一致
语法分析：If there is a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, itmight be one
条件状语从句主语谓语
analogous to recognizing the paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of
定语
species. The more the worldbecomespolitically, economically, and culturally
主语系主补
centralized, the more homogenizedits ways of living, the more the dangers of sameness
主补主语主语
becomeapparent.
系主补
意群训练：If there is a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, it might be one analogousto recognizingthe paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of species. The morethe world becomes politically, economically, and culturally centralized, the more homogenizedits ways of living, the morethe dangers of samenessbecome apparent.
参考译文：如果有科学的而非感性的答案，一个比较相近的答案就是认识到保持物种的多样性至关重要。

世界在政治上、经济上和文化上变得越发集中，生活方式越趋相同，这种“趋同化”的危险就越发明显。

13.To take a notorious example, the European trade regulations restricting the varieties of fruit
and vegetable seeds permitted for sale within the European Community have for years been viewed as potentially disastrous by scientists.
难句类型：复杂修饰+倒装
难词注解：notorious a.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
语法分析：To take a notorious example, the European trade regulationsrestricting the
主语
varieties of fruit and vegetable seedspermitted for salewithin the European
定语定语状语
Communityhave（for years）been viewedas potentially disastrous by scientists.
谓语宾补
意群训练：To take a notorious example,the European trade regulationsrestricting the varieties of fruit and vegetable seedspermitted for salewithin the European Community have for years been viewed as potentially disastrousby scientists.
参考译文：举一个臭名昭著的例子，欧洲贸易条款限制在欧洲社区允许销售的蔬菜水果种子的类别。

长期以来，科学家认为这具有潜在的危险性。

14.Deception of an innocent kind is their intention; asked if the picture is genuine, few of them, I
imagine, would lie. Nor would they be wise to.
难句类型：省略+倒装
难词注解：innocenta.(of)无辜的；无害的；天真的，无知的
genuine a.真的，非人造的
语法分析：Deception of an innocent kindistheir intention; askedif the picture is genuine, few of 主语谓语宾语状语宾语从句
them, I imagine, would lie.Nor would they be wise to.
主语插入语谓语倒装句
意群训练：Deception of an innocent kindis their intention; asked if the picture is genuine, few of them,I imagine, would lie. Nor would they be wise to.
参考译文：他们的目的是某种天真单纯的欺骗。

要是被问到这幅画是不是真品，我想，他们也会照实说，没有那么狡黠。

15.Nevertheless, despite the overwhelmingly conservative assumptions of most Americans, we are in
fact in the throes of a genuine and dramatic revolution in our culture, and it behooves us to understand it before passing judgment.
难句类型：复杂修饰+难词
难词注解：throesn. 剧痛, 挣扎，名词throe的复数形式
behoove对...有此必要It behoove sb. to do sth.某人有必要做某事
nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过
语法分析：Nevertheless, despite the overwhelmingly conservative assumptions of most
状语
Americans,weare in factin the throes of a genuine and dramatic revolution in our culture,
主谓宾语
anditbehoovesusto understand itbefore passing judgment.
主谓宾宾补状语
意群训练：Nevertheless,despitethe overwhelmingly conservative assumptions ofmost Americans, we are in factin the throes ofa genuine and dramatic revolutionin our culture, and it behooves usto understand itbefore passing judgment.
参考译文：尽管大多数美国人的想法非常的保守，事实上，我们的确身处于真实而又充满戏剧性的文化改革的挣扎中，我们应该在判断它前真正理解它。

16.In academic circles, I linger on the fringes where the warmth of the fire never reaches, an
irreverent outsider, a loner who prefers fieldwork to the university, and general readership to academic journals.
难句类型：插入语+修辞方法（暗喻）
难词注解：fringe n.边缘
irreverent a.不尊敬的
fieldworkn.实地考察工作
语法分析：In academic circles,Ilinger onthe fringeswhere the warmth of the fire never
状语主语谓语宾语定语
reaches,an irreverent outsider, a lonerwho prefers fieldwork to the university, and general
同位语定语从句
readership to academic journals.
意群训练：In academic circles,I linger on the fringeswhere the warmth of the fire never reaches,an irreverent outsider,a lonerwho prefers fieldwork to the university, and general readership to academic journals.
参考译文：我，一个无礼的局外人，一个喜欢实地考察胜过死读书，喜欢通俗胜过学院期刊的寂寞的人，徘徊在学术圈的边缘，从未感受到这团火的温暖。

17.Although we were at the age when one always had the need, instinct, and immodesty of inflicting
on one another everything that swarms in one's head and elsewhere, nothing had gotten through Sandro’s shell of reserve, nothing of his inner world, which nevertheless one felt was dense and fertile—nothing save a few occasional, dramatically truncated hints.
难句类型：复杂修饰+难词
难词注解：inflict vt.使遭受, 施以, 加害, 折磨
shell n.壳；外壳；
reserve n.储备；矜持；
truncate v.把(某物)截短，去尾
save prep.除…之外
语法分析：｛Although we were at the age [when one always had the need, instinct, and immodesty
让步状语从句定语从句
of inflicting on one another everything]（that swarms in one's head and elsewhere）,｝nothing 定语从句主语
hadgotten throughSandro's shell of reserve, nothing of his inner world, which nevertheless one
谓语宾语
feltwas dense and fertile—nothingsave a few occasional, dramatically truncated hints.
定语从句
意群训练：Although we were at the agewhen one always hadthe need, instinct, and immodesty ofinflicting on one anothereverything that swarms inone's head and elsewhere, nothing had
gotten throughSandro’s shell of reserve, nothing of his inner world, which neverthelessone felt
was dense and fertile—nothingsavea few occasional, dramatically truncated hints.
参考译文：尽管，我们处在这样的时代：出于需求，直觉和不道德，我们总有用把自己脑子中
想的或者什么别的地方出现的想法强加于他人。

但是Sandro，在他矜持的外表下，在他本应丰富和厚重的内心世界里，除了一些短暂的、充满戏剧性的线索，没有任何东西出现。

18.In Ohio, our road sometimes moved right alongside the turnpike and we could see the new cars，
with their outlandish fins，passing us as regularly as cards being dealt off the top of an endless deck.
难句类型：复杂修饰+修辞方法（明喻/simile）
难词注解：turnpike：n. 收费公路
outlandish a.奇怪的，古怪的
dealt: deal的过去时，在此意思是发牌；deck：一副纸牌
语法分析：In Ohio,our road sometimes movedright alongside the turnpike and we could see the 地点状语主语谓语状语主语谓语
newcars, with their outlandish fins, passing us as regularly as cards being dealt off the top of an 宾语状语伴随状语
endless deck.
意群训练：In Ohio,our roadsometimesmoved right alongside the turnpike and we could see the new cars. with their outlandish fins，passing usas regularly as cards being dealt off the top of an endless deck.
参考译文：在俄亥俄州，我们有时候就沿着收费高速路旁边行驶，就能看到身披奇形怪状尾翼的汽车驶过，川流不息，如同一张张纸牌从盒上散落，无穷无尽。

19.While an entertainment-driven, celebrity-oriented society is not necessarily one that destroys all
moral value, as some would have it, it is one in which the standard of value is whether something can grab and then hold the public's attention.
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语
难词注解：orient vt.使适应, 使朝东,定……的方位
语法分析：[While an entertainment-driven, celebrity-oriented society is not necessarily
状语从句
one that (destroys all moral value)], as some would have it, {it is one [ in which the
定语从句插入语定语从句
standardof value is( whether something can grab and then hold the public's attention)]}.
宾语从句
意群训练：Whilean entertainment-driven, celebrity-oriented societyisnot necessarily onethat destroysall moral value, as some would have it, it is onein whichthe standard of value is whether somethingcan grab and then holdthe public's attention.
参考译文：一个以娱乐为驱动、名人效应为导向的社会并不一定要破坏所有的道德观，就像有的人所认为的，衡量这种社会的价值观的标准是它是否能抓住并且长时间吸引公众的注意。

20.In an increasingly noisy cultural scene, with many voices competing for attention, one
feels—perhaps incorrectly but nonetheless insistently—the need to make one's own small stir, however pathetic.
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语
难词注解：stir n.骚乱, 感动(激动, 愤怒或震动), 搅拌
pathetic a.差劲的；可怜的，可悲的
insistentlyadv. 坚持地
语法分析：In an increasingly noisy cultural scene,with many voices competing for
状语伴随状语
attention,onefeels—perhaps incorrectly but nonetheless insistently—the needto make
主语谓语插入语宾语
one's own small stir, however pathetic.
宾补
意群训练：In an increasingly noisy cultural scene,with many voices competing for attention,one feels—perhaps incorrectly but nonetheless insistently—the needto make one's own small stir, however pathetic.
参考译文：在文化背景浮躁喧腾、百家争鸣的情况下，人们会一再感受到（尽管可能是错误的感受）：自己需要引起别人的注意，哪怕很不起眼。

21.Indeed, what might Mercator have thought were it suggested to him that his scheme would one
day be used to plot landscapes so far from terrestrial in aspect as to reflect back, in their magnificent alienness , the very idea of an old and exhausted Earth?
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语
难词注解：Mercator n. 墨卡托(1512-1594, 佛兰德的地理学家, 地图制作家)
plot n.绘制; 标出
terrestrial a.地球的，陆地的
magnificent a.壮丽的，宏伟的；华丽的；极好的
alienness n. 外侨, 局外人；外星人；陌生
exhausted a.耗尽的；筋疲力尽的
分析：Indeed,（what might Mercator have thought）[were it suggested to him (that his If it were
scheme would one day be used to plot landscapes so far from terrestrial in aspect as to
reflect back, in their magnificent alieness , the very idea of an old and exhausted
Earth）?
意群训练：Indeed, what might Mercator have thought wereit suggested to himthat hisschemewould one daybe used to plot landscapesso farfrom terrestrialin aspect as toreflect back, in their magnificent alienness, the very idea ofan old and exhausted Earth?
参考译文：确实，如果墨卡托知道他的绘图技术有一天会被用来描绘距离地球如此遥远的异域地貌（这里看来如此奇妙，反观地球则像一个古老而又枯竭的星球），他会怎么想？
22.The question "Why have there been no great women artists?" is simply the tip of an iceberg of
misinterpretation and misconception; beneath lies a vast dark bulk of shaky ideas about the nature of art and the situations of its making, about the nature of human abilities in general and of human excellence in particular, and about the role that the social order plays in all of this.
难句类型：复杂修饰+并列成分+倒装
难词注解：shaky a.不可靠的;成问题的
语法分析：The question“Why have there been no great women artists?”is simply the
主语同位语谓语
tip of an iceberg of misinterpretation and misconception; beneath liesa vast dark bulk
宾语谓语主语
of shaky ideasabout the nature of art and the situations of its making, about the nature 状语并列状语
of human abilities in general and of human excellence in particular, and about the role
并列状语
that the social order plays in all of this.
定语从句
意群训练：The question“Why have there been no great women artists?”is simply the
tip of an iceberg of misinterpretation and misconception;beneath liesa vast dark bulk
of shaky ideasabout the nature of artand the situations of its making, about the nature
of human abilities in generaland of human excellencein particular, and about the role
that the social order playsin all of this.
参考译文：“为什么没有伟大的女艺术家？”——这样的问题仅仅是很多误解的冰山一角，隐藏其下的是大量的不靠谱的观念。

这些观念涉及到艺术的本质及其形成的理解，人类普遍能力以及某些卓越能力的本质，还有社会秩序在以上提到的这当中所发挥的作用。

23.One would like to ask, for instance, from what social classes artists were more likely to come at
different periods of history. Or what proportion of painters and sculptors came from families in which their fathers or close relatives were painters and sculptors or engaged in related professions?
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语
难词注解：proportion n.比例；部分，份儿
Sculptor n.雕刻家，雕刻家
Profession n.职业, 声明, 行业
语法分析：Onewould like to ask, for instance, from what social classes artists were
主语谓语插入语宾语从句
more likely to come at different periods of history. Or what proportion of painters and
sculptorscame from families[in which their fathers or close relatives were (painters and
主语谓语定语从句
sculptors)or (engaged inrelated professions).ie
意群训练：One would like to ask,for instance,from what social classesartistswere more likely tocome at different periods of history. Or what proportionof painters and sculptorscame from families in whichtheir fathers or close relativeswere painters and sculptorsor engaged inrelated professions?
参考译文：举个例子，有人会问，在不同的历史时期，艺术家大多来自什么样的社会阶层？或者，来自父辈或者亲戚当中有人曾经是画家和雕刻家，或从事相关行业的家庭的艺术家的比例又是多少呢？
24.While the aristocracy has always provided the lion's share of the patronage and the audience for
art—as the aristocracy of wealth does even in our more democratic days—it has contributed little beyond amateurish efforts to the creation of art itself, despite the fact that aristocrats (like many women) have had more than their share of educational advantages, plenty of leisure and, like women, were often encouraged to dabble in the arts.
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语+并列成分
难词注解：patronagen. 赞助, 光顾, 任免权
amateurish a.业余爱好的，不熟练的
aristocrat n.贵族
dabble v.涉足，浅尝
语法分析：While the aristocracyhas always providedthe lion's share of the patronage
主语谓语宾语
and the audience for art—as the aristocracy of wealth does even in our more
宾语插入语
democratic days—ithas contributedlittle beyond amateurish effortsto the creation of
主语谓语宾语
art itself, despite the fact that aristocrats (like many women) have had more than their 同位语从句
share of educational advantages, plenty of leisure and, like women, were often
encouragedto dabble in the arts.
意群训练：Whilethe aristocracyhas always providedthe lion's share of the patronageand the audience for art—as the aristocracy of wealthdoeseven in our more democratic days—it has contributed littlebeyond amateurish effortsto the creation of art itself, despitethe factthat
aristocrats(like many women)have hadmore than their share of educational advantages, plenty of leisure and, like women, were often encouragedto dabble in the arts.
参考译文：贵族一直以来是艺术的主要赞助者和观众，在日渐民主的现在，有钱的贵族还是这样。

但是，尽管事实上贵族们（像许多女士一样）有良好的教育优势，充足的闲暇时光，而且还经常被鼓励涉足艺术，但就艺术创造本身而言，他们除了一些业余的作品之外基本没有什么贡献。

25.Or rather, is it not that the kinds of demands and expectations placed before both aristocrats and
women—the amount of time necessarily devoted to social functions, the very kinds of activities demanded—simply made total devotion to professional art production out of question, indeed unthinkable, both for upper-class males and for women generally, rather than its being a question of genius and talent?
难句类型：并列成分+反问+复杂修饰
难词注解：out of question a. 的确(毫无疑问, 一定, 当然)
out of the question a. 毫无可能的，绝对做不到的
function n. 重大聚会, 功能
语法分析：Or rather, is it not that the kinds of demands and expectationsplaced before
主语后置定语
both aristocrats and women—the amount of time necessarily devoted to social 插入语
functions, the very kinds of activities demanded—simply made total devotion to
谓语宾语
professional art production out of question, indeed unthinkable,both for upper-class
宾补插入语状语
males and for women generally, rather than its being a question of genius and talent?
独立主格
意群训练：Or rather,is it not thatthe kinds of demands and expectationsplaced before both aristocrats and women—the amount of timenecessarily devoted to social functions, the very kinds of activities demanded—simply madetotal devotion to professional art productionout of question, indeed unthinkable,both for upper-class malesand for women generally, rather thanits beinga question of genius and talent?
参考译文：换言之，这难道不就是因为这个社会对于贵族和女士的需求和期望（而并非天分和才能的问题）才使得他们都不可能全身心地投入艺术创造中吗？他们把大量的时间投入在社会活动中，这些活动正是艺术创作所必需的。

26.I suddenly recognized why I, a non-scientist, or anyone should care about what happens to them:
not, ultimately, because they use tools and solve problems and are intellectual beings, but because they are emotional beings, as we are, and because their emotions are so obviously similar to ours.
难句类型：插入语+并列成分
难词注解：intellectual a.智力的，善于思维的
语法分析：I suddenly recognized[why I, a non-scientist, or anyoneshould care about
主语谓语主语谓语
(what happens to them)]: not, ultimately, because theyusetools and solveproblems and
宾语状语主语谓语宾语谓语宾语
areintellectual beings, but because theyareemotional beings, as we are, and because
谓语宾语\ 主语谓语宾语插入语
their emotionsareso obviously similar to ours.
主语谓语宾语
意群训练：I suddenly recognizedwhy I, a non-scientist, or anyoneshould care aboutwhat happens to them: not,ultimately,becausetheyuse tools and solve problemsand areintellectual beings, but becausethey are emotional beings, as we are, and becausetheir emotionsare so obviously similar to ours.
参考译文：我突然认识到，为什么我，一个并非科学家的人，或者任何人应该关心他们的境遇。

不是因为他们是有智慧的种类，能够利用工具解决问题；而是因为他们像我们一样有感情，而且非常明显地和我们的感情这么相近。

27.“The Seafarer,”translated in 1911 by Ezra Pound, shows Pound's method of translating which,
when he is so inclined, produces not so much a translation as a new poem in the spirit of the original.
难句类型：插入语+复杂句式
难词注解：inclined a.倾向于，赞成的
seafarern. 船员, 航海家
背景知识：Ezra Pound: 埃兹拉·庞德（1885~1972），美国诗人、翻译家、评论家，“意。