英文文献及中文翻译_ASP.NET概述ASP.NETOverview

英文文献及中文翻译
Overview
is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#. These languages enable you to develop applications that benefit from the common language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and so on.
If you want to try , you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer, which is a free tool that makes it simple to download, install, and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express, Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server Express, and the .NET Framework. All of these are tools that you use to create Web applications. You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source and PHP Web applications.
Visual Web Developer
Visual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating Web applications. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting site. Using the development tools in Visual Web Developer, you can develop Web pages on your own computer. Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug Web pages, without requiring Internet Information Services (IIS) to be installed.
Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites
and then publish them to a hosting site. Using the development tools in Visual Web Developer, you can develop Web pages on your own computer. Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug Web pages, without requiring Internet Information Services (IIS) to be installed.
When your site is ready, you can publish it to the host computer using the built-in Copy Web tool, which transfers your files when you are ready to share them with others. Alternatively, you can precompile and deploy a Web site by using the Build Web Site command. The Build Web Sitecommand runs the compiler over the entire Web site (not just the code files) and produces a Web site layout that you can deploy to a production server.
Finally, you can take advantage of the built-in support for File Transfer Protocol (FTP).Using the FTP capabilities of Visual Web Developer, you can connect directly to the host computer and then create and edit files on the server.
Web Sites and Web Application Projects
Using Visual Studio tools, you can create different types of projects, which includes Web sites, Web applications, Web services, and AJAX server controls.
There is a difference between Web site projects and Web application projects. Some features work only with Web application projects, such as MVC and certain tools for automating Web deployment. Other features, such as Dynamic Data, work with both Web sites and Web application projects.
Page and Controls Framework
The page and controls framework is a programming framework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render Web pages. Web pages can be requested from any browser or client device, and renders markup (such as HTML) to the requesting browser. As a rule, you can use the same
page for multiple browsers, because renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request. However, you can design your Web page to target a specific browser and take advantage of the features of that browser.
Web pages are completely object-oriented. Within Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties, methods, and events. The
page framework removes the implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web-based applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server. The framework also automatically maintains the state of a page and the controls on that page during the page processing life cycle.
The page and controls framework also enables you to encapsulate common UI functionality in easy-to-use, reusable controls. Controls are written once, can be used in many pages, and are integrated into the Web page that they are placed in during rendering.
The page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins. You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level.
In addition to themes, you can define master pages that you use to create a consistent layout for the pages in your application. A single master page defines the layout and standard behavior that you want for all the pages (or a group of pages) in your application. You can then create individual content pages that contain the page-specific content you want to display. When users request the content pages, they merge with the master page to produce output that combines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page. The page framework also enables you to define the pattern for URLs that will be used in your site. This helps with search engine optimization (SEO) and makes URLs more user-friendly.
The page and control framework is designed to generate HTML that
conforms to accessibility guidelines.
Compiler
All code is compiled, which enables strong typing, performance optimizations, and early binding, among other benefits. Once the code has been compiled, the common language runtime further compiles code to native code, providing improved performance.
includes a compiler that will compile all your application components including pages and controls into an assembly that the hosting environment can then use to service user requests.
Security Infrastructure
In addition to the security features of .NET, provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as performing other security-related tasks. You can authenticate users using Windows authentication supplied by IIS, or you can manage authentication using your own user database using forms authentication and membership. Additionally, you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own custom role database using roles. You can easily remove, add to, or replace these schemes depending upon the needs of your application.
always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (ACLs),
database permissions, and so on.
State-Management Facilities
provides intrinsic state management functionality that enables you to store information between page requests, such as customer information or the contents of a shopping cart. You can save and manage application-specific, session-specific, page-specific, user-specific, and developer-defined information. This information can be
independent of any controls on the page.
offers distributed state facilities, which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances of the same application on one computer or on several computers.
概述
是一个统一的Web开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级Web应用程序所必需的各种服务。

作为.NET Framework的一部分提供。

当您编写 应用程序的代码时，可以访问.NET Framework 中的类。

可使用与公共语言运行时(CLR) 兼容的任何语言(包括Microsoft Visual Basic和C#)编写应用程序的代码。

使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行时、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的 应用程序。

若要尝试,可以使用Microsoft Web平台安装程序安装Visual Web Developer 速成版，Microsoft Web 平台安装程序是一款免费的工具，使用它可以方便地下载、安装和维护Microsoft Web 平台的组件。

这些组件包括Visual Web Developer 学习版、Internet Information Services (IIS) 、SQL Server Express和.NET Framework。

所有这些组件都是用于创建Web 应用程序的工具。

此外，还可以使用Microsoft Web 平台安装程序安装开放源代码的
和PHP Web 应用程序。

Visual Web Developer
Visual Web Developer 是一个功能齐备的开发环境，可用于创建 Web 应用程序。

Visual Web Developer 提供了一种生成网站并将其发布到承载
站点的理想环境。

使用Visual WebDeveloper 中的开发工具，可以在自己的计算机上开发 网页。

Visual WebDeveloper 包括一个本地Web 服务器，无需安装Internet 信息服务(IIS) ，该服务器即可提供测试和调试 网页所需的全部功能。

Visual WebDeveloper 提供了一种生成网站并将其发布到承载站点的理想环境。

使
用Visual Web Developer 中的开发工具，可以在自己的计算机上开发网页。

Visual Web Developer 包括一个本地Web服务器，无需安装Internet 信息服务(IIS) ，该服务器即可提供测试和调试 网页所需的全部功能。

站点准备就绪后，可以使用内置的Copy Web 工具将其发布到主机上。

准备好与他人共享文件后，就可以使用该工具传输这些文件。

或者，您可以使用“生成网站”命令对网站进行预编译和部署。

“生成网站”命令对整个网站运行编译器(而不仅仅对代码文件)，并生成可部署到生产服务器的网站布局。

最后，可以利用对文件传输协议(FTP) 的内置支持。

使用Visual Web Developer 的FTP 功能，可以直接连接到主机，然后在该服务器上创建和编辑文件。

网站和 Web应用程序项目
通过使用Visual Studio 工具，您可以创建不同类型的 项目，包括网站、Web应用程序、Web服务和AJAX服务器控件。

网站项目和Web 应用程序项目之间存在着差异。

一些功能仅适用于Web 应用程序项目，例如MVC 和用于自动进行Web 部署的某些工具。

其他功能(如动态数据)同时适用于网站项目和Web 应用程序项目。

页和控件框架
页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在Web服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现 网页。

可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 网页，会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如HTML。

通常，您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为 会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。

但是，您可以针对特定浏览器设计您的 网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。

网页是完全面向对象的。

在网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理HTML元素。

页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。

该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。

使用 页和控件框架还可以将常用的UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。

控件只需编写一次，即可用于许多页并集成到 网页中。

这些控件在呈现期间放入 网页中。

页和控件框架还提供各种功能，以便可以通过主题和外观来控制网站的整体外观和感觉。

可以先定义主题和外观，然后在页面级或控件级应用这些主题和外观。

除了主题外，还可以定义母版页，以使应用程序中的页具有一致的布局。

一个母版页可以定义你希望应用程序中的所有页（或一组页）所具有的布局和标准行为。

然后可以创建包含要显示的页特定内容的各个内容页。

当用户请求内容页时，这些内容页将与母版页合并，产生将母版页的布局与内容页中的内容组合在一起的输出。

利用 页框架，还可以为将在站点中使用的URL 定义模式。

这有助于进行搜索引擎优化（SEO），并提高URL的用户友好程度。

编译器
所有 代码都经过了编译，可提供强类型、性能优化和早期绑定以及其他优点。

代码一经编译，公共语言运行时会进一步将 编译为本机代码，从而提供增强的性能。

包括一个编译器，该编译器将包括页和控件在内的所有应用程序组件编译成一个程序集，之后 承载环境可以使用该程序集来处理用户请求。

安全基础结构
除了.NET的安全功能外，还提供了高级的安全基础结构，以便对用户进行身份验证和授权，并执行其他与安全相关的功能。

您可以使用由IIS 提供的Windows 身份验证对用户进行身份验证，也可以通过您自己的用户数据库使用
Forms 身份验证和 成员资格来管理身份验证。

此外，可以使用Windows 组或您自己的自定义角色数据库（使用 角色）来管理Web 应用程序的功能和信息方面的授权。

您可以根据应用程序的需要方便地移除、添加或替换这些方案。

始终使用特定的Windows标识运行，因此，您可以通过使用Windows 功能（例如NTFS 访问控制列表（ACL）、数据库权限等等）来保护应用程序的安全。

状态管理功能
提供了内部状态管理功能，它使您能够存储页请求期间的信息，例如客户信息或购物车的内容。

您可以保存和管理应用程序特定、会话特定、页特定、用户特定和开发人员定义的信息。

此信息可以独立于页上的任何控件。

提供了分布式状态功能，使您能够管理一台计算机或数台计算机上同一应用程序的多个实例的状态信息。