03_Evolution_and_Gods_Creation进化论和神的创造

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

a. 海洋七腮鳗 Pectromyzon marinus
b. 电鳐 Torpedo ocellata
c. 小体鲟 Acipenser ruthenus
d. 多米尼加树蛙 Eleutherodactylus coqui
e. 欧洲鳖 Emys orbicularis
f. 鸡 Gallus gallus
“Contrary to recent claims that all vertebrate embryos pass through a stage when they are the same size, we find a greater than 10-fold variation in greatest length at the tailbud stage. Our survey seriously undermines the credibility of Haeckel’s drawings, which depicts not a conserved stage for vertebrates, but a stylised amniote embryo. ”
Industrial melanism is due to cryptic coloration and selective predation.
Liverpool西部 Wirral半岛上飞蛾的变化和环境污染的关系
年代
~1850年
1959年
1984
1996年
污染 状况




100%
7%
61%
91.5%
1
飞蛾
93% 39% 8.5%
0
1
非 污 污




a.
为什么 Manchester 周 围 白 色 飞 蛾 不 灭 绝?
SCOTLAND
b. 为什么East Anglia农 村黑色飞蛾占80% ? c. 为什么环境改善后, London(北纬52度) 以北黑色飞蛾减少, 但以南黑色飞蛾却增 加? d. 为什么 Wirral 半岛树 干上的苔藓还没有恢 复,白色飞蛾就已经 增加? e. 为什么荷兰在黑色飞 蛾减少,白色飞蛾增 加的同时,出现一种 灰色飞蛾?
达尔文的理论:渐进论 (Gradualism) 变异/突变 宇宙形成
(100-200亿年前)
地球形成
(45亿年前)
单细胞 生命
自然选择

(物竞天择,优胜劣汰)
Evolution and Human Behavior
Official Journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society
5. 小鼠雄性不育的基因短期泛滥,造成全体灭亡。
6. 飞蛾工业黑化现象
Revised from Douglas Futuyma, “Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution”, 1983
Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
f. typica
种 Species
达尔文的主要错误
观察 Observation 归纳 Deduction 现象 Evidence 演绎 Induction 求证 Verification
Galapagos群岛鸟类受 环境影响产生的变异
人工育种
科学规律 Scientific Law
微进化论 广进化论 (microevolution) (macroevolution)
分 子 进 化
自然进化论其他证据
1. 细菌对抗生素的耐药性和昆虫对杀虫药的抗药性。 2. 鸟的体格和在暴风中的生存能力
3. 食物结构的改变和鸟类的生存能力及嘴部形状的变化
飞蛾工业黑化现象
(Industrial melanism of the pepper moth, Biston betularia) 4. 非洲镰状细胞性贫血的等位基因和抗疟疾的特性
H.M.S. Beagle, 1835
Columbia
Ecuador Peru
Brazil
Bolivia Chile
Galapagos Islands
达尔文的自然进化论(Naturalistic Evolution) 达尔文的观察
1. Galapagos群岛鸟类(Darwin‟s Finch)受环境影响产生的变异 2. 人工育种
胚胎重演论 (Ontogeny recaptulates phylogeny) The Hourglass Model 日晷模型
Developmental stage (
)
发 育 时 期
Morphological divergence during evolution (进化过程中形态上的差异 )
2.
3.
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck (1744 - 1829)
达尔文和物种起源
(1809-1882)
Charles Robert Darwin
1854年, 45岁
Nov. 22, 1859 “The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: Or, the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life” 1880年, 71岁

137
18(13.0%)
Kettlewell H.B.D. Heredity 1955;9:323-342.
Kettlewell H.B.D. Heredity 1956;10:287-301.
鸟类对飞蛾的捕食 森林 黑 白
Conclusion
43 26
污染区 非污染区
15 164
Kettlewell H.B.D. Ann Rev. Entomol 1961;6:245-262.
absolutelysafeyoumeetsomebodywhoclaimsignorantstupidricharddawkinsoxfordzoologistblindwatchmaker1986自然进化论是形而上学11920世纪自然科学和人文科学的发展是对黑暗中世纪天主教宗教思想禁锢的一个反弹2适合当时社会的需要英国的帝国主义政治哲学马尔萨斯的人口论社会达尔文主义达尔文的著作非常重要它从自然科学的角度支持了人类历史上的阶级斗争完全符合我的观点
R.B. Goldschmidt, The Golden Age of Zoology
二、三千万年前
一百万年前
长颈鹿颈部的进化



退
The Principle of Use and Disuse
反面证据
1. Giraffes generally feed from low shrubs during the dry season. Disproportional change of other parts of the body Disadvantages of a long neck
(1995年7月19日人民日报海外版“云南省澄江县帽天山的寒武纪化石爆炸”)
Colin Patterson
Senior Paleontologist, British Natural History Museum
Can you tell me anything you know about evolution, any one thing… that is true? I tried that question on the geology staff at the Field Museum of Natural History and the only answer I got was silence. I tried it on the members of the Evolutionary Morphology seminar in the University of Chicago, a very prestigious body of evolutionists, and all I got there was silence for a long time and eventually one person said “I do know one thing – it ought not to be taught in high school.”
科学规律的条件限制 Y
Y=a*X+b
--------------------假设
光吸附值
X
自然进化论的主要问题
• 突变的速度: 微突变 / 系统大突变
• 化石的难题
(1)物种演化的规律 理论模式:大量中间型 事实:化石的大量缺环(Missing Link) (2)物种生灭的规律 理论模式: 少多少 事实:生物种表现停滞不变、突然同时出现、突然消灭
— Lecture given at the American Museum of Natural History, 1981
自然进化论是同义反复(Tautology) 命题一 “在一个群体中, 最能适应的个体, “在一个群体中, 必定留下最多的子孙” 生产后代最多的生物个体,
f. carbonaria
Wales农村
Liverpool
污染区 (Rubery near Birmingham) 飞蛾 黑 放飞数 447 重新俘获数 123(27.5%)
非污染区 (Deanend near Dorset) 飞蛾 放飞数 重新俘获数
黑 白
406 393
19(4.68%) 54(13.74%)

界 Kingdom 门 Phylum 纲 Class 目 Order 科 Family 属 Genus 动物界 Animalia 脊索动物门 Chordata 哺乳动物纲 Mammalia 原长目 Primates
人科 Hominidae
人属 Homo 人种 Homo sapiens
Carl von Linné or Carolus Linnaeus, 1707-1778
g. 袋鼠 Trichosurus vulpecula
h. 家猫 Felis catus
脊柱
内脏
腿 臂
Haeckel的人胚胎来自人的胚胎“ The present generation cannot imagine the role he played in his time, far beyond his actual scientific performance … Haeckel’s easy hand at drawing made him improve on nature and put more into the illustrations than he saw … one had the impression that he first made a sketch from nature and then drew an ideal picture as he saw it in his mind.”
Sargent TD, Millar CD and Lambert DM (1998) The “classical” explanation of industrial melanism: assessing the evidence. Evolutionary Biology 30:299-322.
进化论和圣经中神的创造
Evolution and Biblical Creation
Fish
Salamander
Turtle
Chicken
Pig
Cow
Rabbit
Human
(by Ernst Haeckel, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Plates 4 & 5 from 18917d.25)
IRELAND Wirral半岛
Manchester East Anglia NETHERLANDS
WALES
ENGLAND
London
BELGIUM
FRANCE
“We contend, however, that there is little persuasive evidence, in the form of rigorous and replicated observations and experiments, to support this explanation at the present time. We suggest that more attention be directed to assessing ways in which typical 树荫下的小树枝 and melanic morphs differ, other than in adult 树干 coloration, and to devising and testing alternative hypotheses.”
相关文档
最新文档