中学教材全解八年级英语
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Module 1 How to learn English
第1单元
内容详解
1. Welcome back, everyone.欢迎大伙儿回到学校。
welcome v. 欢迎
welcome sb. to + 地址欢迎某人到某地
Welcome you to our school.欢迎你到咱们学校来。
Welcome home! 欢迎回家!(home为副词,因此前面不用to)
welcome n.欢迎,迎接
a warm welcome 热情欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
2. Now because it's a new term, I'm going to give you some advice.
新学期开始之际,我想给大伙儿提几点建议。
advice意为“建议,意见”,是不可数名词。
表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice, 表示“一些建议”用some advice。
I'll give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.
我将给你一些如何照顾你的宠物狗的建议。
[搭配] —
give sb. some advice / give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议
ask for advice 征求意见
follow / take sb.’ s advice 同意某人的建议
7. 拓展
advise是动词,意为“建议”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,也可用于advise
sb. (not) to do sth.结构,意为“建议某人(不要)做某事”。
She advised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议咱们再等一天。
3. Why don't you write it down? 你们为何不把它记下来呢?
(1)Why don't you do…?是英语中一个重要的句型,意为“你(们)什么缘故不做事呢?”,多用来向对方提出建议。
该句型还可简化为“Why not do…?”。
Why don't you read newspapers in English? = Why not read newspapers English?
你什么缘故不读英文报纸呢?
中考链接
一Look! It's raining heavily. ______ take a raincoat with you?
—Well, I'll take one right now.
A. Why not
B. Why don't
C. Would you mind
D. Would you like
解析:四个选项都是提建议的句型,但后跟的动词形式不一样:Why not + 动词原形…?Why don't you + 动词原形?Would you mind doing…?Would you like to do...?因此只能选A。
答案:A
(2)write down意为“写下,记下”,其同义短语为put down。
其宾语若是名词,放在down前后都可;若是代词作宾语,须放在down之前。
Please write down these new words in your notebook.
=Please write these new words down in your notebook.
请把这些生词记在你的笔记本上。
Please write them down. 请把它们记下来。
4. You should always speak English in class. 课堂上大伙儿应该一直讲英语。
speak v.说话;讲(语言)
Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?
辨析:say,speak, talk 与tell
“说,讲”,着重译调发言的内容,指用口头或书面语言表达思想
“说,演讲”侧重于发言的动作;speak后常接表示某种语言的名词。
“交谈,谈话”,指跟少数人“随意地说”,不侧重说的内容。
Talk常与介词to, with, about连用
“告知,讲述”多指以口头方式告知某人,经常使用于讲故事等。
He says he will go to Shanghai to visit his grandparents.
他说他将去上海看望他的爷爷奶奶。
The child is learning to speak.那个小孩正在学习说话。
Don't talk with each other freely in class.上课不要随意彼此交谈
Tell me the time, please.请告知我时刻。
一言辨异
After she spoke at the meeting, she talked with the students. She told them that what she said was very important.
在会上发了言以后,她跟学生们进行了交谈,并告知他们她讲的东西很重要。
5. What else? 还有其他的吗?
else经常使用在不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词以后作后置定语。
He has something else to tell you. 他还有一些别的情形要告知你。
Who else are you waiting for? 你还在等谁?
辨析:else 与other
二者都可意为“其他的,另外的”,但用法不同:
(1)else用作形容词或副词,经常使用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词,也能够修饰all, much,little 等词,修饰这些词时,else要位于其后,作后置定语。
Where else are you going? 你还要去哪儿?
I'm taking some clothes and books, not much else.
我要带几件衣服和一些书,别的就没什么了。
else还能够组成所有格,即else's, 意为“另外的/ 其他的(人或物)”。
My books are much more than anybody else's. 我的书比其他任何人的书都多很多。
(2)other作形容词,用以修饰名词或代词,位于其前作定语。
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects at school.
咱们在学校学习语文、数学、英语,还有一些其他的科目。
other作代词,能够单独作主语、宾语、表语,其复数形式为others。
Some students are playing under the tree and others are flying kites over there. 一些学生在树下玩耍,还有一些在那里放风筝。
_
6. It's a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
天天核査一下自己的辞汇笔记是个好主意。
本句为“It is +名词(短语)+ to do sth. ”句式,it是形式主语,动词不定式短语是句子的真正主语。
It's your turn to play the piano. 轮到你弹钢琴了。
7. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
听听英文广播,读读英文报纸怎么样?
How about...?相当于“What about…?”,用来与对方商量或询问对方的情形或意见,about是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。
I like English. How about you? 我喜爱英语。
你呢?
How about going fishing? 去钩鱼怎么样?
中考链接
一How about raising money for the people in Yushu, Qinghai?
A. Good idea
B. Enjoy yourself
C. Never mind
D. You're welcome
解析:How about...? 句型用于征求建议,其确信回答用Good idea。
答案:A
8. But try not to translate every word. 可是尽可能不要逐词翻译。
(1)try to do sth. 尽力去做某事。
此结构也是提出建议的一种方式,它的否定形式为:try not to do sth. 尽力不要做某事。
拓展
try doing sth. 表示“尝试傲某事”。
He tried putting some sugar into the coffee. 他试着往咖啡里加了一些糖。
(2)translate意为“翻译,译”,是动词。
常见搭配: translate…into... 意为“把……译成……”,也能够表示为put…into…或change…into…
Would you like to translate the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?
—Would you like to put the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?
—Would you like to change the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?
你能帮我把这篇关于周杰伦的文章翻译成英语吗?
9. I think everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each her.
我以为每一个人都应该交一个笔友,并相互发送电子邮件。
everyone意为“每一个人”,相当于everybody,表示一个单数概念。
当everyone作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everyone likes the movie. 每一个人都喜爱这部电影。
拓展
(1)everyone用于否定句,表示部份否定。
Everyone here doesn't like durian. —Not everyone here likes durian.
并非是那个地址的所有人都喜爱榴莲。
(2)everyone在反意疑问句中,反问部份的主语经常使用they。
Everyone is right, aren't they? 大伙儿都对,是吗?
Everyone comes here,don't they? 大伙儿都来了,是吗?
10. She can help me with my homework.她能够帮我做作业。
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮忙某人
I often help him with maths. 我常常在数学方面帮忙他
—I often help him(to)learn maths.
help作名词时,还有如下表达:
with the help of…在……的帮忙下
with one's help 在某人的帮忙下
第2单元
内容详解
1. Many students ask for advice about improving their English.
很多学生咨询提高英语水平的建议。
ask for意为“请求”, 有时也用作ask sb. for。
If we have any trouble in learning English, we can ask Mr Wang for help.
若是咱们在学习英语中有什么困难,咱们能够请求王老师帮忙。
2. I enjoy watching English films and listening to real English songs.
我喜爱看英文电影,听原版的英文歌曲。
enjoy的用法:
(1)enjoy后若是跟动词,要用动词的-ing形式,组成enjoy doing sth. 意思是“喜爱做某事”。
The children enjoy watching action movies.小孩们喜爱看动作片。
拓展
类似于enjoy的用法的动词还有:mind(介怀),finish(完成),practise(练习)等。
注意
enjoy后不用不定式作宾语。
(2)enjoy oneself意思是“过得欢乐,玩得愉快”,相当于have a good time或have fun.
We're enjoying ourselves very much in Shanghai. 咱们此刻在上海玩得很高兴。
3. But it takes a long time. 可是会花费很长时刻。
本句是一个省略句,其完整的表达是:But it takes a long time to watch English films and listen to real English songs, it是形式主语,to watch… songs是真正的主语。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.(某人花一些时刻做某事。
)是一个常见的句型。
take在此处意为“花费”。
4. This is a great way to learn English! 这是学习英语的一个专门好的方式!
a great / good way to do sth.意为“做某事的一个好方式”,动词不定式作定语。
Watching English films is a great way to improve your English.
观看英文电影是提高你的英语水平的一个好方式。
5. Many people are shy when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep breath and smile! 很多人说英语时感觉不行意思,因此,在你开始讲英语之前深呼吸一下,笑一笑!
(1)此句是一个复合句, so引导的为结果状语从句。
在那个句子里还含有when和before引导的时刻状语从句。
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成。
主句是句子的主体,从句不能独立利用,且从句用陈述语序。
时刻状语从句经常使用when (当……时候),as (当……时候),while(当……时候),before (在……之前), after( ……以后),as soon as (一……就……)等引导。
当主句是一样以后时的时候, 在时间状语从句中,要专门注意用一样此刻时期替一样以后时。
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话
He was tired, so he went to bed. 因为他累了,因此他去睡觉了。
(2)breath意为“呼吸”,名词,其动词形式是breathe。
Take a deep breath意为“深呼吸”。
Before he jumped into the water, he took a deep breath.
他在跳入水中之前深深地吸了一口气。
6. Smiling always helps. 微笑老是很有效的。
smiling是动词smile的动名词形式,在句中作主语。
动名词作主语时,谓语动词应利用单数形式。
Smoking is bad for your health. 抽烟对你的健康有害。
7. Li Hao takes a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English...
李浩花很长时刻看英文电影、听英文歌曲……
take作“花费”讲时,主语一样不能为“人”,因此此句最好用以下方式表达:
①It takes Li Hao a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English.
②Li Hao spends a long time (in) watching films and listening to songs in English
8. Do you find it easy to have a conversation in English? 你感觉用英语交谈容易吗?
此句中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式短语。
当宾语是不定式或动名词时,若是其后跟有宾语补足语,则常经常使用形式宾语it,而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语以后。
I find it boring to play computer games. 我发觉玩电脑游戏很无聊。
9. Try to remember all the things you're good at in English,and make a list.
尽可能记住你在英语方面擅长的情形并列表。
be good at意为“擅长,在……方面做得好”,后面若跟动词,则用形式。
He is good at dancing. 他擅长跳舞。
拓展
do well in 与be good at 同义。
Mike is good at English. = Mike does well in English. 迈克擅长英语。
第3单元
内容详解
1. Why does Mary want to invite other students, too?
什么缘故玛丽也想邀请其他的同窗?
invite用作动词,意为“邀请;招待”,经常使用结构为invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”。
They invited their parents to watch the movie together. 他们邀请他们的父母一路看这部电影.
拓展
invitation作名词,意为“邀请”,
Did you get an invitation to the party? 你获邀参加那场聚会了吗?
2. Why does Charlie think borrowing magazines might be a good idea?
什么缘故査理以为借杂志可能是一个好主窻?
borrow意为“借”,指从某人或某地借东西。
How many books did they borrow from the library yesterday?
昨天,他们从图书馆借了多少本书?
辨析:borrow, lend 与keep
词条:borrow 辨析:对主语而言为“借入”,指向他人或从别处借东否,为非延续性动词搭配:borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere 从某人/某处借某物
词条:lend 辨析:对主语而言为“借出”,指把自己的东西借给他人,为非延续性动词搭配:lend sb. sth; lend sth. to sb. 将某物借给某人
词条:keep 辨析:“借,持有”,指借用某物一段时刻,为延续性动词搭配:keep sth. for some time 借用某物一段时刻
He borrowed a dictionary from the library.
他从图书馆借了一本词典
I lent my bike to him yesterday.
=1 lent him my bike yesterday. 昨天我把自行车借给他了。
How long may I keep the book? 这本书我能够借多长时刻?
用法窍门
“借”有巧法
“借”看执行者,“借出”用lend,“借入”是borrow。
若是用keep,表示“借多久”。
假设看不完,“续借”用renew。
3. It's difficult to understand TV programmes in English. 明白得英文电视节目是困难的。
“It is +adj. +of / for sb. to do sth. ”是一个经常使用句型,若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,clever, careless,polite, foolish等,用of sb. 若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评判,用for sb.,这种形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important,dangerous, (im) possible, necessary 等。
It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。
It's careless of you to leave the keys in the car. 你真粗心,把钥匙落在车上
It's important for you to listen to the radio in English. 对你来讲收听英语广播很重要。
中考链接
Is ______ easy to ______ who picks the fruit and vegetables on your net farm?
A. that;find
B. it;finding
C. that? find out
D. it; find out
解析:It is + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事……”,“查明,发觉”用find out ,故选D。
答案:D
4. I left my homework at home. 我把作业忘在家里了。
leave的用法:
(1)leave vt. 离开;留下;剩下,忘记;维持(某种状态)
He often leaves his home in the morning. 他常常在早晨离开家。
He left the door open. 他开着门就出去了。
Please leave the book on the desk. 请把这本书留在桌子上。
I always leave my books in my classroom.我老是把书忘在教室里。
(2)leave vi. 离开,动身
He is leaving for Tianjin tomorrow. 他明天要起身去天津。
温馨提示
leave与forget这两个词都有“忘记”之意,但leave常常和表示地址的介词短语连用;forget通常不与表示地址的介词短语连用。
因此,不说:I always forget my books in my classroom. leave还有“留给”的含义。
leave后可接两个代词作宾语,如:leave sb. sth.留给某人某物。
Last time you left the umbrella at home. Today,you mustn't forget it any more. 上次你把雨伞忘在家里了,今天必然别再忘了带。
5 … but how can I practise speaking English? ……但我如何练习说英语呢?
practise doing sth. 表示“练习做某事”。
I often practise playing the guitar.我常常练习弹吉他。
practise的名词形式是practice,表示“练习;实习”。
Piano playing needs a lot of practice. 弹钢琴需要多练习。
注意
practise后接动名词,不接不定式。
辨析:practise 与exercise
Practise 指为了求得学问上或技术上的熟练而一再地练习
Exercise 指为了锻炼身心而有规则地依照必然方式练习
一言辩异
I practised volleyball every afternoon ——it was also great exercise for me.
天天下午我都练习打排球,对我来讲,这也是个专门好的锻炼方式。
6. It's good for your vocabulary. 那对你的辞汇有益处。
be good for... 对……有益处(有利处)
Many people love this time of year, because it is good for sports.
很多人喜爱一年中的那个时节,因为它适合运动。
Eating fruit is good for our health. 吃水果对咱们的健康有利。
拓展
be bad for... 对……有害
Eating too much is bad for our health. 吃得太多对咱们的健康有害。
7. If there isn't, why don't you start one with your friends?
若是没有,你和你的朋友们什么缘故不开办一个呢?
one作代词,用于泛指前面提到过的名词,其复数形式是ones。
Your coat is good. I also want to buy one.你的外衣专门好。
我也想买一件。
辨析:it与one
(1)it作代词,可用来指代前面提到的同一人或物,其复数形式为they。
I want to use your ruler. Lend it to me,please. 我想用你的尺子。
请把它借给我。
(2)one所代替的是同类亊物中的一个,泛指前面所提到的人或物,其复数形式为ones。
I have no exercise books. Lend me one. 我没有练习本。
借给我一个。
I have a new hat and several old ones. 我有一顶新帽子和几顶旧帽子。
(3)it还能够代替上文中的句子或句子中的某一部份,而one则不能。
My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 当我在公园里散步时,我的钢笔掉在地上了。
一名女士途经时看见了。
(此句中的it 指my pen dropped on the ground 这件事)
(4)能够在one / ones前加冠词表示特指。
The one in the red coat is Miss White. 那个穿红色外衣的是怀特小姐。
8. How about playing a few games and listening to some music?
做几个游戏并听一些音乐怎么样?
a few的用法:
a few意为“一些,几个”,用于可数名词复数前,相当于several或some,表示确信概念。
I have a few books about pronunciation. 我有几本关于发音的书。
辨析:few, a few, little与a little
意义:否定(几乎没有,少)修饰可数名词复数:few 修饰不可数名词:little
意义:确信(有些,有几个)修饰可数名词复数:a few 修饰不可数名词:a little
There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.
冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了,因此我必需去买一些.
There are only a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn't buy some at once.
冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋,因此我没必要立刻去买。
There's little rice in the bowl. 碗里没多少米饭了。
I can only speak a little French. 我只会说一点儿法语。
用法窍门
同窗们利用little,a little, few,a few这几个词语时,常常弄错,为便于经历,特编成下面几句顺口溜,供同窗们学习时参考:few,little有异同,修饰名词(可数或不可数)要记清,其前有“a”表确信,其前无“a”表否定。
只有几粒豆子a few beans
只有一点儿牛奶a little milk
几乎没有豆子few beans
几乎没有牛奶little milk
9. And don’ t forget to watch TV…不要忘了看电视……
辨析:forget to do sth. 与forget doing sth.
词条:forget to do sth. 辨析:忘记去做某事例句:He forgot to tell her about it. 他忘记告知她这件事了。
(没告知)
词条:forget doing sth. 辨析:忘记做过某事例句:I'm sorry. I forgot meeting you in Shanghai last year. 很抱歉,我忘了去年在上海见过你了。
中考链接
Don't forget ______ an umbrella ______ you. It's going to rain.
A. to take;to
B. taking;to
C. to take;with
D. taking;with
解析:由后一句可知,天还没下雨,因此是不要忘记带把伞,用forget to do;take sth. with sb.随身携带某物,因此选C。
答案:C
Module 2 Experiences
第一单元
内容详解
I. Have you ever entered a competition? 你曾经参加过竞赛吗?
(1)ever用作副词,意为“曾经”,经常使用于此刻完成时态的句子中,位于助动词和过去分词之间。
—Have you ever read Harry Potter?你曾经读过《哈利•波特》吗?
—Yes, I have. / No,never. 是的,我读过。
/ 不,我从未读过。
注意.———ever的反义词是never,意为“从未,从来没有”0
注意:ever的反义词是never,意为“从未,从来没有”。
副词ever的用法比较灵活,现归纳如下:
句型:一样疑问句含义:曾经;以前例句:Have you ever travelled to Mount Huang? 你曾去黄山旅行过吗?
句型:否定句含义:不管何时;至今例句:We hardly ever drink coffee. 咱们从未喝过咖啡。
句型:条件句含义:任何时候;任何场合例句:If you ever have any trouble, I'll help you. 任何时候你有困难,我都会帮忙你。
(2)enter表示“报名参加”。
take part in,join也能够表示参加。
join指的是参加组织、集体,take part in常指参加活动。
join the army 参军
take part in Project Hope 参加希望工程
2. Has she visited China before ? 她以前来过中国吗?
before的用法:
(1)作为副词,意为“以前”。
常与此刻完成时连用,也可与一样过去时连用。
通常位于句末。
He has never seen such a huge stone before. 他以前从未见过这么大的石头。
(2)作为介词或连词,意在“在……之前”,可表示时刻、位置、顺序等。
My father usually goes to bed before 9:00 pm. 我父亲通常在晚上9点之前去睡觉。
(介词)
Turn off the light before you leave the room. 离开房间前关上灯。
(连词)
辨析:ago 与before
Ago 指从此刻算起的一段时刻以前,因此动词用过去式
Before 指某一时刻点之前,用于多种时态
用法窍门
Before 常在点之前,ago常在段以后。
Before时态不确信,一样过去用ago。
3. So I think she'll like it here 因此,我以为她会喜爱这儿的。
I think…意为“我想……;我以为……;我感觉……”,后面常接一个宾语从句,表示“我以为”的内容,指说话人的观点。
在这一句型中,能够用其他主语替换I,表示他人对某事的观点。
I think you are wrong. 我以为你错了。
She thinks you are right. 她以为你对了。
拓展
在I / We think ( suppose, believe, imagine )…等句式中,若从句有否定意义,则否定词应前移至主句中,即否定转移。
I don't think he will come. (√) I think he will not come. ( ×)
4. And Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day. 而且萨莉已经邀请我有时刻到英国去她那儿(待几天)。
one day意为“某一天”。
I met him in the street one day last month. 上个月的某一天我在街上遇见他了。
辨析:some day 与one day
Some day “以后的某一天”,用于一样以后时态中。
One day “以后的某一天”或“过去的某一天”,用于一样以后时或一样过去时的句子中。
5. The problem is the price of the ticket. 问题是机票太贵了。
problem作为名词,意为“问题,难题”。
Pollution brings a lot of problems. 污染带来了许多问题。
辨析:problem 与question
词条:problem 辨析:着重指难以解决(solve)的“问题”或“难题”例句:The government is trying to solve the problem. 政府正在尽力解决这一问题。
词条:question 辨析:指提出(ask)并有待回答(answer)的“问題”“疑问”例句:Can you answer this question? 你能回答那个问題吗?
6. Take off from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London. 从北京首都机场飞抵伦敦。
take off的用法:
(1)take off为动词短语,属于动副结构,在本句中表示“起飞”,与其相对应的词为land,意为“降落,着陆”。
Please drive faster. My plane is taking off. 请再开快一点,我的飞机马上就要起飞了。
The plane will land soon. 飞机专门快就要降落了。
(2)take off 还可意为“脱掉;休假”,take后可接名词或代词作宾语。
It's very hot here. Take off your coat. 那个地址很热。
脱下你的外衣吧。
He is going to take three days off from work. 他打箅休3天假。
中考链接
1. The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.
A. take up
B. take out
C. take away
D. take off
解析:本题考查由take组成的动词短语。
take up开始从事,占据;take out拿出,掏出;take away拿走;take off起飞。
由句意“这架飞机将从北京首都机场起飞,然后在伦敦降落”可知本题应选D。
答案:D
7. Write about a wonderful experience. 写一篇关于美好经历的短文。
experience在此用作名词,意为“经历”,是可数名词。
Jay Chou has a lot of unusual experiences. 周杰伦有很多不一般的经历。
拓展
(1)experience用作名词,还可表示“体会”,是不可数名词。
表示做某事的体会时,其后常接in / of doing sth.
Mr Wang has so much experience in teaching. 王老师在教学方面有如此多的体会。
(2)experience还可作动词,意为“体验;经历”,后面必需接宾语。
The girl has never experienced sadness. 那个女孩从未体验过悲伤。
8. It sounds brilliant! 那听起来棒极了!
sound用作连系动词,意为“听起来”,后面常接形容词作表语,有时也可接介词短语。
The story sounds boring. 那个故事听起来很无聊。
拓展
sound也可用作名词,意为“声音”,指自然界中所有的声音,能够是悦耳的声音,也能够是噪音。
We heard a strange sound. 咱们听到了一个奇怪的声音。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
温馨提示
初中时期显现的连系动词有:一“是”(be),一“感觉”(feel),一“维持”(keep),三个“变得”(become,get,turn),四个“……起来”(look. sound, smell,taste)。
它们中除be和become等可接名词作表语外,一样都接形容词作表语。
9. When you go to sleep,what do you dream about? 当你睡觉时,你梦到什么?
dream about意为“梦见,梦到”,相当于dream of。
固定短语:dream of / about sth. 妄图/梦见某物
dream of / about doing sth. 妄图做某事
The soldier dreamt of home.那个士兵梦见了家。
He dreams of becoming a pilot.他一心想当飞行员。
dream与not, little,never等连历时,意为“想不到”。
I little dreamt of it. 我做梦也没想到这件事。
第2单元
内容详解
Ming has been all over China by plane. 魏明乘飞机到过中国很多地址。
By plane 乘飞机
We went there by plane. 咱们乘飞机去的那里。
拓展
交通方式经常使用的表达方式:
(1)take + the+表示交通工具的名词,在句中作谓语。
He takes the train to Shenyang every year. 他每一年乘火车去沈阳。
I usually take the subway to go home. 我通常乘地铁回家。
(2)by+表示交通工具的名词,表示泛指乘某种交通工具。
如:by bus乘公共汽车,by train乘火车,by bike 骑自行车,by taxi乘出租车。
该介词短语在句中作状语。
He goes to Shenyang by train every year. 他每一年乘火车去沈阳。
I usually go home by subway. 我通常乘地铁回家。
1. by+ sea by+ water by+ ship 搭船/由水路
+ air by+ plane 乘飞机
+ land 经陆路by+ train 乘火车by+ bus 乘公共汽车
(3)on / in+限定词+表示交通工具的名词,可用来表示具体的交通方式。
一样情形下,无厢、无舱的只能用on,如on the bike,其他的既可用in,也可用on,如in / on the plane。
但只能说in the car,不能说on the car。
I hope more and more people go to work on their bikes.
我希望愈来愈多的人骑自行车去上班。
I usually take my daughter to school in my car.
我通常开车送女儿去上学。
(4)动词+to+地址名词。
动词walk,ride, drive, fly等可直接表达交通方式,后接to再跟地址名词,表示“通过/用……(交通方式)去某地”。
I hope more and more people ride to work.
我希望愈来愈多的人骑自行车去上班。
2. Is there anywhere she hasn't visited? 还有什么地址她没去过吗?
(1)句子she hasn't visited作定语修饰anywhere,为定语从句。
(2)anywhere可用作副词或代词,意为“任何地址”。
I can't find my bag anywhere. 我哪儿也找不到我的书包了。
辨析:anywhere, somewhere, everywhere与nowhere
Anywhere “任何地址”,用于否定句和疑问句
Somewhere “某个地址”,用于确信句
Everywhere “处处”
Nowhere “没有一处”,表示否定的含义
3. I've never been to Shanghai!我尚未去过上海!
have been to的用法:
(1)Have been to意为“曾经去过……”,表示一种经历,事实上讲的是过去的情形,强调去过,着重指到目前为止的一个结果。
I have been to the Great Wall. 我曾经去太长城。
(2)have been to后可接次数(如once, twice, three times等),表示“去过某地几回”,也可与just, never, ever等连用。
My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。
拓展
①have gone to意为“到……去了”,表示此刻人可能在去的途中或已经在那儿了,事实上讲的是此刻的情形,
着重指此刻人不在,限用于第三人称,不用于第一、二人称。
She has gone to Shanghai for holidays. 她已经去上海度假了。
②have been in后面可接表示地址的名词,表状态,意为“在某地”,也可接表示组织、集体的名词,意为“加入……”。
He has been in the Party for two years. 他入党已经两年了。
He has been in England for 3 days. 他在英国待了三天了。
注意
have been to, have gone to 和have been in后接表示地址的副词there, here等时,介词to和in常省略。
They have gone there. 他们已经去那里了。
用法窍门
巧记have been to与have gone to的用法区别
been to, gone to意不同,二者用法要记清,
have been to + 地名,“曾经到过某地”行。
have gone to +地址,“到了某地”无踪迹。
中考链接
—Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?
—Yes. I ______ there for three days with my parents last month.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. went
D. was
解析:本题考查此刻完成时与一样过去时的区别。
由答语中的last month可知,答语应用一样过去时,故排除A、B两项。
而went是非延续性动词,不能与for three days连用,故选D。
答案:D
4. I like San Francisco very much because there's a lot to see and do there.。