英语期末-Simone-de-Beauvoir

The Second Sex (1949)
• The end of 1st wave of feminism and beginning of 2nd wave of feminism
• Main idea of the book – Based on existencialism – Women as the second sex – The second sex as derived from the first sex. Women have been defined as secondary to men who have been seen as the primary sex
The Second Sex (1949)
In this book, she produced an articulate attack on the fact that throughout history women have been relegated to a sphere of “immanence,” and the passive acceptance of roles assigned to them by society.
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Introduction:
Simone de Beauvoir is a French novelist and philosopher, she is largely responsible for inaugurating the modern feminist movement as well as significantly influencing the later views of Sartre, De Beauvoir has become, wittingly or otherwise, the heroine of feminists across the world.
The Ethics of Ambiguity
In this book, she developed an existentialist ethics that condemned the “spirit of seriousness” in which people too readily identify with certain abstractions at the expense of individual freedom and responsibility.
Philosophical ideas
Simone de Beauvoir’s thought is development of existentialist themes found in Sartre.
Working within Sartre’s framework, Simone de Beauvoir accepts that an individual is born free, without essence. She insists that acting in bad faith presupposes that one is aware of the potential for freedom in one’s situation, which one then chooses to ignore. But the presence of this awareness is not a given.
Famous words
If you live long enough, you will see that every victory turns into defeat.
One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.
Life is occupied in both perpetuating itself and in surpassing itself. If all it does is maintain itself, then living is only not dying.
感谢阅读
Her most significant philosophical works are The ethics of Ambiguity and, the bible of feminism, The Second Sex.
Mainly philosophical achievements
Her philosophical approach is notably diverse. Her influences include French philosophy from Descartes to Bergson, the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, the historical materialism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and the idealism of Immanuel Kant and G.W.F Hegel. In addition to her philosophical pursuits, de Beauvoir was also an accomplished literary figure, and her novel, The Mandarins, received the prestigious Prix Goncourt award in 1954.
Mainly philosophical achir did not consider herself a philosopher, but she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory. De Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, biographies, autobiography and monographs on philosophy, politics and social issues.