2020中考人教版二轮复习学案专题9—非谓语动词导学案

中考人教版二轮复习学案专题9—非谓语动词导学案
精讲必备考点
考点一动词不定式作主语
考点二动词不定式作宾语
考点三动词不定式作宾语补足语
考点四动词不定式的特殊句型
考点五动词不定式作状语
考点六疑问词+ 动词不定式
考点七动名词与动词不定式
考点八现在分词与过去分词
我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其他句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词。

考点一动词不定式作主语
动词不定式是一种非限定动词，而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。

动词不定式分为带to的不定式（to + 动词原形）和不带to的不定式。

动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但保留动词的性质。

1. 动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。

To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。

2.动词不定式在句子中作主语时通常放在句末，而用it作形式主语，其结构为：
It + be + adj. (+ for / of sb.) + 动词不定式。

It’s so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。

It is not difficult to work out the problem. 做出这道题并不难。

【典例精析】
It takes me half an hour __________ the piano every day.
A. play
B. playing
C. to play
考点二动词不定式作宾语
1.一些动词后可跟动词不定式作宾语。

这类动词主要有：want，wish，like，decide，help，
try，begin，forget，learn，ask，agree，hope，promise等。

2.find，think，make，believe等动词后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语而把真正的
宾语动词不定式短语放在句末。

【典例精析】
1. The children decide __________ their school yard this Friday afternoon.
A. clean
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
2. At times, parents find it difficult __________ with their teenage children.
A. talk
B. talked
C. talking
D. to talk
【典例精析】
Our teacher often asks us __________ questions in groups.
A. discuss
B. to discuss
C. discussing
D. discussed
考点四动词不定式的特殊句型
1. too ... to ... 太……而不能……
The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小还不能照顾自己。

2. ... enough to ... ……足够……
He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。

3. Why don’t you + 不带to的不定式? = Why not + 不带to的不定式?
Why don’t you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album?
为什么不给她买个相册呢？
4. had better + (not) + 不带to的不定式最好（不）……
You’d better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。

5. Will you please + 不带to的不定式? 你能……吗？
Will you please close the door? 你能把门关上吗？
6. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money. 她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。

【典例精析】
She’s not strong enough __________ walking up mountains.
A. to go
B. going
C. go
D. went
考点五动词不定式作状语
1.表目的。

在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as，动词不定式也可放在
句首,使其所表示的目的更加明显突出。

2.表结果。

通常有以下结构too ... to ...（太……而不能……）；...enough + 不定式；be + 形
容词+ 不定式；so ... as to ...（如此……以致于）。

3. 表原因。

【典例精析】
1.Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, you’d better try different ways you
can think of __________ words and expressions.
A. remember
B. to remember
C. remembering
2. He hurried back home __________ his schoolbag.
A. fetched
B. to fetch
C. fetching
D. fetches
考点六疑问词+ 动词不定式
疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how等词后可加动词不定式，构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

【典例精析】
—Excuse me. Could you please tell me __________ my car?
—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.
A.how to stop
B. where to park
C. where to stop
D. when to park
考点七动名词与动词不定式
Ⅰ. 只能接动名词的动词
动名词具有名词的功能，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。

常见的可以跟动名词作宾语
的动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，keep，give up等。

He hasn’t finished reading the novel. 他还没有看完那部小说。

We must practise speaking English every day. 我们必须每天练习说英语。

Ⅱ. 既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词
love，like，hate，prefer，begin，start，need，remember，forget，try，stop等动词后，
既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同。

I remembered to post the letter. 我记得要发信。

(信还没发)
I remembered posting the letter. 我记得发过信了。

(信已经发了)
He stopped singing. 他停止唱歌。

（不再唱）
He stopped to sing. 他停下来并开始唱歌。

（停下正在做的事，开始唱）
Ⅲ. 感官动词后接动词不定式或动名词
感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接动名词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见
到)全过程”，接动名词时指“瞬间动作”。

I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我总是听到那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。

I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。

【典例精析】
—Don’t forget __________ the classroom tomorrow afternoon.
—Thanks. I won’t.
A.to keep clean
B. cleaning
C. sweeping
D. to clean up
考点八现在分词与过去分词
developed country 发达国家（已经发展了的）
中考语法复习（非谓语动词）
考点一：动词不定式
【经典习题】
( ) 1. It’s bad for your eyes computer games too much.
A. plays
B. to play
C. play
D. to playing
( ) 2. — What did Mr. Zhang say just now?
— He told us any further. There is danger ahead.
A. don’t go
B. not go
C. to go
D. not to go
( ) 3. My pen pal Andrew found it difficult Chinese well.
A. learning
B. learn
C. to learn
D. learned
( ) 4. — How do you know that Jenny likes singing?
— I often hear her after class.
A. to sing
B. sang
C. sing
D. sings
( ) 5. Lisa was driving along a new street and she didn’t know her car.
A. where park
B. where to park
C. when parked
D. how parking
( ) 6. —What’s your plan for the summer holidays?
—I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided at home and have a good rest first.
A. to stay
B. stay
C. stayed
D. staying
【考点点拨】
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。

★在句型“It’s + adj. (+ for / of sb. ) + to do sth.”和“find / think / make it + adj. + to do sth.”中，it作形式主语或宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（动词不定式）则放在后面。

★动词want, decide, hope, plan, agree, choose等后常跟动词不定式作宾语；动词allow, ask, invite, teach, tell等后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

★动词不定式也常与what, which, where, when, how等疑问词连用，构成“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构。

★在使役动词let, make, have以及感官动词hear, see, notice等后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

考点二：动词的-ing形式
【经典习题】
( ) 1. — Kate, when shall we take a walk?
— After I finish the dishes.
A. wash
B. washing
C. to wash
D. washed
( ) 2. Mary is looking forward to herself after the exam.
A. enjoying
B. enjoy
C. enjoyed
D. be enjoying
( ) 3. — Tom, have you seen your brother?
— Oh, I saw him basketball on the playground just now.
A. to play
B. plays
C. playing
D. played
( ) 4. If you feel tired, you may stop to have a rest.
A. to work
B. worked
C. work
D. working
( ) 5. Thank you for us so much, Mr. Liang.
A. helping
B. help
C. helped
D. to help
( ) 6. — Mary dances best in our school.
— I agree. I’ll never forget her dance for the first time.
A. to see
B. seeing
C. see
D. saw
【考点点拨】
“动词+-ing”形式可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语。

★在consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, keep, look forward to, have fun, feel like, give up等动词及短语动词后常接动词的-ing形式。

★动词remember, forget, stop, try 等后既可接动词不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但表达的意义不同。

★hear, notice, see, watch等表示感官的动词后也可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语。

考点三：动词的-ed形式
【经典习题】
( ) 1. — When are you going to have your hair ?
— Tomorrow afternoon.
A. cut
B. cutting
C. to cut
D. cuts
( ) 2. My best friend Charles comes from a village Ma Ji.
A. calls
B. to call
C. called
D. calling
( ) 3. The book by Mo Yan is worth reading a second time.
A. wrote
B. written
C. to write
D. writing
【考点点拨】
动词的-ed 形式通常表示被动关系和/或动作已经完成，在句中可作定语或宾语补足语。

★常位于have, get, make等使役动词之后作宾语补足语，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。

★动词的-ed 形式短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。

非谓语动词固定搭配87个
一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语
二、接不定式、动名词作宾补v sb to do sth （否定形式not + to do）
五、接动词原形作宾补的6个常用动词
六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的6个动词
Like/love to do sth / like/love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恶做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开端做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开端做某事
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．（2017·南充）根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

We moved away from my grandmother when I was eight years old. I missed her a lot. I was her favorite granddaughter and she was my favorite grandma.
Two years later my mother and father separated and soon divorced. I felt as if my world was falling apart. I lived with my mother for a time, next door to my grandma and grandpa in an apartment while my father was away during World War Ⅱ.
Grandma never had much in the way of money or material things. But it was the little things she gave me that
let me feel warm, like letting me dip my fingers in the sugar bowl, letting me sip the coffee from her cup or allowing me to sit on the table as I had meals.
Though she didn't have much, she did something for my brother and me. I will always remember she saved her coins in a glass jar. I thought my grandma could have used these coins herself, but she saved them to give us when we came to visit her.
I don't remember how much we collected on our visits, nor was the amount(数目)important. It was the idea that she remembered us, and cared about us when we were away from her.
（1）What happened to the writer when she was eight years old?
A. She moved away from her grandma.
B. She moved away from her parents.
C. She lived with her grandparents.
D. She lived with her aunt.
（2）What does the underlined word“divorced” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2?
A. 和好
B. 打架
C. 离婚
D. 生气
（3）The writer's grandma allowed her to do many things. Which of the following is not mentioned?
A. The writer could dip her fingers in the sugar bowl.
B. The writer was allowed to sip the coffee from her grandma's cup.
C. The writer could sit on the table while having meals.
D. The writer was allowed to collect coins in a glass jar.
（4）For whom did the writer's grandma save her coins?
A. For her son.
B. For her grandchildren.
C. For the poor.
D. For herself.
（5）What can we learn from the passage?
A. The writer disliked her childhood.
B. The writer complained about her parents.
C. The writer missed her grandma so much.
D. The writer wanted to have her grandma's money.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了作者祖母虽然没有多少金钱或物质，但是通过用心的为孙子（女）做的小事情，让作者感到非常的温暖，感受到浓浓的爱。

（1）细节理解题。

根据短文开头We moved away from my grandmother when I was eight years old.，可知作者八岁时和祖父母分开了，故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据上文Two years later my mother and father separated我的父母分居及后文I felt as if my world was falling apart.作者感到世界分崩离析，可知父母离婚了，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据letting me dip my fingers in the sugar bowl, letting me sip the coffee from her cup or allowing me to sit on the table as I had meals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬币。

故选D。

（4）细节理解题。

根据I thought my grandma could have used these coins herself, but she saved them to give us
when we came to visit her.可知祖母是为了孙子（女）赞硬币。

故选B。

（5）细节理解题。

根据作者对祖母温情的回忆，可知作者非常爱自己的祖父母，非常想念她。

对比选项，故选C。

【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。

针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。

对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。

2．阅读理解
The secret of happiness
An old man walked slowly with a cane(手杖)into the restaurant .His old jacket, worn-out shoes and warm personality made him stand out from the usual crowd.
A young waitress watched him move toward a table by the window. She ran over to him, and said: “Here, sir……let me help you with that chair.”
Without saying a word, he smiled and nodded(点头)a thank you. She pulled the chair away from the table and helped him sit. Then she put his came against the table.
“Thank you, miss.”he said, kindly.
“You're welcome, sir.”she said.
After he had finished his breakfast, the waitress brought him the change(零钱)from his bill. He left it on the table. She helped him up and walked with him to the front door.
When she went to clean his table, she found a business card under his plate and note on a napkin(纸巾). Under the napkin was a 100-dollar bill.
The note on the napkin read: “Dear miss, I respect you very much and I can see you respect yourself, too. It shows by the way you treat others. (3)You have found the secret of happiness. Your kindness will shine through to all those who meet you.”
The man she had waited on was the owner of the restaurant where she worked. This was the first time that she or any of the other workers had ever seen him in person.
By Steve Brunkhorst
（1）The old man left﹩100 under the napkin because he
A. had a habit of giving tips to waitresses
B. thought the meal was delicious
C. wanted to thank the waitress for her good attitude
D. learned the secret of happiness from the waitress
（2）What do we know about the waitress and the old man?
A. The waitress knew who the old man was from the note.
B. The waitress knew the old man before she served him.
C. The old man wanted to have the waitress as his secretary.
D. It was the first time that the waitress had ever seen her boss.
（3）We can tell from the story that the old man went to the restaurant to .
A. have a good meal
B. enjoy good service
C. see the restaurant for himself
D. show his love for common people
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文叙述了一位餐馆的女服务员态度友好的为每一个客人服务从而获得幸福的故事。

有一天，一位穿着破旧的老人，拄着拐杖来餐馆吃早餐，这个女服务员，热情的为他服务，老人非常尊重她的服务态度，留给她100美元的小费，并且告诉她已经找到了生活的幸福。

（1）C推理判断题。

第二段的help you with that chair和第三段的helped him sit可知这个女服务员帮助了他，所以此处老人留下100美元应是感谢这个女服务员的。

故选C。

（2）D推理判断题。

根据最后一段的This was the first time that she or any of the other workers had ever seen him in person.可知这是她或任何其他的工人第一次见过老板本人。

故选D。

（3）C推理判断题。

根据最后一段的This was the first time that she or any of the other workers had ever seen him in person.可知老板以前并没有亲自管理自己的餐馆，所以他这次来餐馆是为了亲自看看。

故选C。

3．阅读理解
When he didn't become famous, Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in the world, lived a hard life, wearing casually. Someone reminded him he should have a decent(得体的) coat so as to enter the society.
He said, "I'm unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. "A few years later, Einstein became a world-famous scientist, who still wore casually. The man again reminded he should have a coat made quickly, or it would disagree with the fame of a great scientist. Einstein said with a smile, "Now, even if I wear ragged(衣衫褴褛的)clothes, people will know me."
Sometimes, he even wore a sports shirt and a pair of sandals to the University of Berlin when he worked as a professor in Germany. His friends didn't agree with him, but he said jokingly, "If the bag is better than the meat inside, it will be a bad thing."
Indeed, many a time, if we don't adorn(修饰;装饰) ourselves from the appearance but let the skeleton(骨架;骨骼) of the spirit stand up, we won't fall over in this world.
（1）Einstein was a great__________.
A. reporter
B. writer
C. scientist
D. artist
（2）Before becoming famous, when someone reminded him to have a decent coat. Einstein____.
A. had a decent coat quickly
B. still wore casually
C. quarreled with the person
D. wore more handsomely then
（3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A. Einstein was unfriendly to his friends.
B. Einstein once studied in the University of Berlin.
C. Einstein didn't like his work as a professor in Germany.
D. Einstein thought the things inside a person were more important than the appearance.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：世界著名科学家爱因斯坦成名前后都穿着随意，面对人们的劝说，他的回答发人深思。

他认为：一个人内在的品质要比外表更重要。

我们应该让精神的骨架站起来，才能立于不败之地。

（1）细节理解题。

由文中语句Albert Einstein，one of the greatest scientists in the world可知，爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家。

故选C。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第一段最后 Someone reminded him he should have a decent(得体的) coat so as to enter the society.“有人提醒他为了融入社会他应该有一件得体的外套”；第二段语句 He said, "I'm unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. "爱因斯坦回答“我没有名气。

即便我穿得更英俊漂亮，也没有人会认识我。

”由此推断，爱因斯坦没有听从别人劝告，依然穿着很随意，故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

阅读短文第四段可知，爱因斯坦在柏林大学工作时，穿着运动衫和凉鞋去学校，朋友们不赞同时，他说“如果袋子比里面的肉好，那将是一件坏事。

”这里爱因斯坦将袋子和肉分别比作人的外在和内在，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文考查细节题和推理判断等常考题型，推理判断题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

4．阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, "24 Solar Terms(节气)" is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It's the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
（1）The writer gave ____ examples to show Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five （2）From Paragraph 5, we know that ____.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
（3）According to the passage, Picture ____ can't be from Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".
A.
B.
C.
D.
（4）The writer mainly wants to talk about ____.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：艺术家辛业秋以图片的形式将中国的二十四节气变成24种动物及相应的季节性的水果、蔬菜或美丽的花朵，帮助人们更好地理解它们。

（1）理解归纳题。

通读文中的第四、五段可知，本文列举了两个实例来说明了辛业秋二十四节气的表现方式及内容，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew.理解可知，Cinyee 用白点来显示白露，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.理解可知，在每个节气上有动物，水果，蔬菜以及鲜花。

分析四副图片可知第四幅不是来自Cinyee的二十四节气，故选D。

（4）理解归纳题。

通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了Cinyee是怎样展示中国二十四节气的，故选C。

【点评】考阅读理解。

本题主要涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。

细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，而主旨大意题需要认真阅读仔细理解，归纳出中心思想。

5．阅读理解
When you think of a museum, I bet you don't think of a place where children run around. But the Science Museum is different. It's noisy!
You can get to the Science Museum by going on the London Underground from Waterloo on the Jubilee Line to Westminster. Then take the Circle or the District Line to South Kensington. When you walk out, take a look around you, and you should see it.
What to bring: at least two bottles of drinks for the kids and f 10 to spend in the cafes. Entrance is free!
The most interesting and exciting part of coming here is to go to the kids' area, the Launch Pad on the 3rd floor. At busy times, you may have to wait in line, but staff(工作人员) will provide science toys for you and the kids to play with. It is great fun there. And if you love science, it should indulge(满足) you as you will learn about science in a fun way. There are also simulators(模拟装置) on the 3rd floor, so think of Floor 3 as a "fun floor".
If you want to learn about the museum, then go to the ground floor. They have some things which will interest you.
Over all, it's a fun experience for the kids and you may enjoy it too. It's also free to get in!
（1）How is the Science Museum different from other museums?
A. It's big.
B. It's free.
C. It's busy.
D. It's noisy.
（2）Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________________.
A. how to get to the Science Museum
B. when to visit the Science Museum
C. what to bring to the Science Museum
D. how to plan a trip to the Science Museum
（3）You can _______________ at the Launch Pad.
A. buy your favourite drink
B. get some science toys for free
C. learn about science in a fun way
D. learn the history of the Science Museum
（4）What do the underlined words "Over all" mean in Chinese?
A. 另外
B. 总之
C. 因此
D. 相反
（5）The passage is most probably ________________.
A. a story
B. a piece of news
C. a review
D. an advertisement
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】大意：本文介绍怎样去科学博物馆及科学博物馆里面的一些好玩的地方，如第三楼的航天器等发射平台，有许多模拟装置。

（1）细节题。

根据But the Science Museum is different.It's noisy! 可知，科学博物馆很吵，故选D。

（2）段落大意题。

第二段主要介绍怎样去科学博物馆，故选A。

（3）细节题。

根据it should indulge(满足) you as you will learn about science in a fun way.可知，你可以在发射平台用一种有趣的方式了解科学，故选C。

（4）词义猜测题。

根据Over all, it's a fun experience for the kids and you may enjoy it too. It's also free to get in!可知，总之，它是孩子进行有趣体验的好去处，你可能也会喜欢它。

进去是免费的。

本段是对前文的总结，推出over all的意思是“总之”，故选B。

（5）推断题。

这篇文章介绍科学博物馆，结合Over all, it's a fun experience for the kids 等等可知，这篇文章可能是一篇评论，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题的关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。