海大数字图像课件1

X-Ray
(a) Chest X-ray.
(b) Aortic angiogram
(e) Circuit boards.
(主动脉造影图像).
Fig 1.7 Examples of X-ray imaging.
(c) Head CT. (d) Cygnus Loop(天鹅星座环).
1.3.3 Ultraviolet Band
Schedule
•Lecture •Practical training •Report •Exam
1.1 What’s Digital Image Processing
•An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f( x, y), where x and y are spatial (plane) coordinates, and the amplitude (幅值） of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. •When x, y, and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image. •The field of digital image processing refers to processing digital images by means of a digital computer.
1.3 Types of images
• infra-red (红外线) • ultra-violet(紫外线辐射) • radio-waves (radio astronomy)(无线电波/射电天文学) • visible light(可见光) • micro-waves (radar)(微波/雷达) • roentgen (tomography)(伦琴射线/X线断层摄影术) • sound-waves (sonar)(声波/声纳) •electrons (microscopy)(电子/显微镜方法) • positron emission (PET-scan)(正电子放射/性能鉴定扫描) • magnetic resonance (NMR)(磁性共振/核磁共振)
Nighttime Lights of the world: Provide a global inventory of human settlements
Fig 1.12 Infrared satellite images of the Americas. The small gray map is provided for reference.
Kenneth. R. Castleman 著，朱志刚等译，《数字图像 处理（Digital Image Processing）》,电子工业出版 社，PRENTICE HALL 出版公司，1998年9月 章毓晋：《图象处理和分析》，清华大学出版社， 1999年10月
Literature
• Digital Image Processing a practical introduction using Java, Nick Efford, Java CD included • Digital Image Processing, R.C. Gonzalez & R.F.Woods • Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, A.K. Jain • Digital Image Processing, W.K. Pratt • Computer and Robot Vision, R.M. Haralick & L.G. Shapiro
1.2 Origins of Digital Image Processing
1960-70s, image processing was used in medical imaging, remote Earth resources observations, astronomy
1960-present: astronomy, biology, nuclear medicine, law enforcement, defense, industry applications
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
Fig 1.9 Examples of light microscopy images. (a) Taxol (anticancer agent) (紫杉酚/抗癌 剂), magnified 250X. (b) Cholesterol(胆固 醇)--40X.
5.Middle infrared (1.55-1.75) 6. Thermal infrared (10.4-12.5) 7. Middle infrared (2.08-2.35)
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
• Remote Sensing (遥感) is another major area of visual processing. • Remote Sensing usually include several bands in the visual and infrared regions of the spectrum.
Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum
1.3.1 Gamma-Ray
•Nuclear medicine Inject a radioactive isotope(同位素）
Gamma-Ray
(c) Cygnus Loop. 天鹅 座
(d) Gamma radiation (bright point) from a reactor valve.
Fig 1.4 The first picture of the moon by a U.S. spacecraft. Ranger 7 took this image on July 31, 1964 at 9:09 A.M. EDT(东 部白天时间), about 17 minutes before impacting the lunar surface.
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
1. Visible blue (0.45-0.52)
2.Visile green (0.52-0.60)
3. Visible red (0.63-0.69)
4.Near infrared (0.76-0.90)
• Fig 1.10 LANDSAT satellite images of the Washington, D.C. area.
1.1 What’s Digital Image Processing
An example image created by image processing software
1.2 Origins of Digital Image Processing
1960s, computers are powerful enough for image processing
•Used in fluorescence microscopy -when a photon(光子) of ultraviolet collide with an electron in an atom of a fluorescent material, light can be detected
(aT image 正电子发射X射 线层析照相
Fig1.6 Examples of gamma-ray imaging.
1.3.2 X-Ray
Usage •Medical diagnostics •Angiography血管造影 术-a major area of image processing •Industry •Astronomy
Image Processing Lecture 1: Introduction
Subjects: - What is an image?
Book: - 1: Introduction - 2: Imaging
Reference Information
• Matlab!!!
•
何斌，马天予，王运坚，朱红莲等，《Visual C++ 数字图像处理》，人民邮电出版社，2001年9月
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
Automated visual inspection: a major area of imaging in the visual spectrum
(c) Bottles.
(a) A circuit board controller.
•A good method for studying materials that can be made to fluoresce
1.3.3 Ultraviolet Band
(a) Normal corn.
(b) Smut corn(被真 菌感染了的谷物).
(c) Cygnus Loop.
Fig1.8 Examples of ultraviolet imaging.
(b) Packaged pills.
(f) Image of intraocular implant (目镜掺杂物). Fig 1.14 Some examples of manufactured goods often checked using digital image processing.
(d) Bubbles in clear-plastic product.
(e) Cereal(谷物).
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
Fig 1.15 Some additional examples of imaging in the visual spectrum. (a) Thumb print. (b) Paper currency. (c) and (d) Automated license plate reading (自动 读取牌照)
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
Fig 1.23 Infrared satellite images of the remaining populated part of the world. The small gray map is provided for reference.
Example: color image
1.3.5 Imaging in the Microware Band
Dominant application: radar Not affected by weather or ambient lighting conditions Fig 1.16 Spaceborne( 航天器的) radar image of mountains in southeast Tibet(西藏).
(a)
(d)
(c) Microprocessor60X.
(b) (e) (d) Nickel oxide thin film(镍氧化物薄片) -600X. (e) Surface of audio CD --1750X. (f) Organic superconductor -450X.
(c)
(f)
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands
Fig 1.11 Multispectral (多 光谱图) image of Hurricane Andrew (安德鲁飓风) taken by NOAA GEOS sensors.
1.3.4 Visible and Infrared Bands