【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典及解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.
Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.
"The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."
Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."
There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.
（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?
A. To study how the iceberg was formed.
B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.
C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.
D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.
（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. The Larsen C ice shelf.
B. Climate change in Antarctica.
C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.
D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.
（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?
A. It is as big as London.
B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.
C. It will disappear in a very short time.
D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.
B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.
C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.
D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。

冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Now scientists say it is a race against time to explo re these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以Professor David Vaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故this one 指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统，可知选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“…At the cur rent rate, the world's oceans will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米，选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环境类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply?
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sigh of relief. "I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering,
right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.
However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse," said the show's creator David Attenborough, according to The Times.
In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down
the slope," he told the BBC.
Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, "If it's ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you stay out of
the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there
in front of you," Will Lawson, the show's director, told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion?
A.People's various remarks on penguins.
B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.
C.Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference?
A.Kathryn Shaw.
B.Will Lawson.
C.Paul Nieklen.
D.David Attenborough.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gut-wrenching" underlined in paragraph 6?
A.Putting one in place.
B.Making one confused.
C.Putting one in danger.
D.Making one heartbroken.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From Danger
C.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救
之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope
（斜坡）so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.”和第三段中的“The case has taken the international media by storm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathr yn Shaw said on her Facebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“you stay out of the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."可知，此句句意为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，此处用Making one heartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When hospital staff are in full scrubs (手术衣), their faces are almost completely covered by their caps and face masks, and we can only see their eyes and eyebrows. In order to solve the problem, a doctor in Sydney, Australia, called Rob Hackett launched a campaign named "Theatre (手术室) Cap Challenge"-encourage hospital staffs to write their' names and roles on their caps. At first, his colleagues didn't take it seriously. However, with time going on, it has been adopted around the world with studies from the US and UK reporting how this simple idea can decrease human errors in healthcare.
"I went to a theatre where there were about 20 doctors and nurses in the room," Dr. Rob Hackett said. "I struggled to even ask to be passed some gloves because the person I was pointing to thought I was pointing to the person behind them, because I don't know their names." said Rob. As we all know, doctors are a stressful profession. When faced with life and death, they need to save the patient's life for a second. At the moment, effective communications are important.
"The 'Theatre Cap Challenge' is in response to concerns about how easily avoidable mistakes and poor communication are contributing to rising harmful events for our patients." said Rob. "We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm. For this to happen, we need to let everyone know we're human." he added On the other hand, from the patients' viewpoint, caps with names on them can make patients more unworried.
When everyone appears the same, it is extremely difficult to distinguish who is who. Knowing them relaxed.
（1）What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A. Hospital staff are asked to cover their faces in hospitals.
B. Rob is in favor of writing names and roles on caps.
C. Rob wanted to be a professional doctor.
D. Rob's idea can increase human errors in healthcare.
（2）What can we know about the "Theatre Cap Challenge" from the text?
A. It can make the caps more fashionable.
B. It is strongly opposed to by all the doctors and nurses.
C. It aims to avoid mistakes and poor communication.
D. It can help people pass some gloves in a theatre.
（3）Which of the following best explains "were human" underlined in paragraph3?
A. We're generous.
B. We're negative.
C. We're satisfied.
D. We're kind.（4）What's the patients' attitude towards the campaign?
A. Supportive
B. Disapproving
C. Doubtful
D. Uncaring
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在手术室里，医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，这让周围的人认不出他们，导致在交流过程中产生误会。

于是，一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“In order to solve the problem, a doctor in Sydney, Australia, called Rob H ackett launched a campaign name‘"Theatre (手术室) Cap Challenge’-encourage hospital staffs to write their' names and roles on their caps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，由此可知他是支持这一想法的。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The 'Theatre Cap Challenge' is in response to concerns about how easily avoidable mistakes and poor communication are contributing to rising harmful events for our patients. "可知，Theatre Cap challenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件，而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。

所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“ We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统，而要达到这个目的，首先要让每个人知道医生是人类，是有人情味的。

只有病人也感觉到医生的善良，才能减少病患之间的误解。

故选D。

（4）考查观点态度。

全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。

从其中的"unworried（不担心的，不着急的）"和"relaxed（松懈的，放松的）"两个词可以知道，这个活动能让病人心情放松，病人对这一做法是很支持的。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America-and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic- wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin-the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplas-tics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
"This isn't a problem where we don't know what the solution is, "says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage." We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. "It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
（1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?
A. To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B. To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C. To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D. To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
（2）What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?
A. Lacking protection.
B. Being stuck by plastics.
C. Being caught by humans.
D. Treating plastics as food.
（3）What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Some people don't know the solution of plastics waste.
B. Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C. It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D. People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
（4）From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A travel brochure.
C. An environmental report.
D. A lifestyle magazine.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. ”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到the Pilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probab ly harmed invisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。

可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。

可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
Wolves strike fear into the hearts of many species, humans included. Our fear of them has brought them to the edge of dying out, as we have cruelly killed them as competitors and trouble-makers. But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey（被捕食者）species is exactly what helps make ecosystems（生态）healthy.
Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park.
"Yellowstone has benefited from the reintroduction of wolves in ways that we did not anticipate, especially the complexity of biological interactions（互动）in the park," explained Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences." We were really surprised at that and we'd never have seen these responses if the park hadn't adopted ecological-process management—allowing natural ecological processes to take place with least human intervention."
After the wolves were re-introduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deer-wolf interaction is now more diverse.
To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire
ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing explored why wolves and other top predators （捕食者）were needed for diverse ecosystems to develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predator-prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.
The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.
（1）What does the underlined word "anticipate" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Expect.
B. Understand.
C. Notice.
D. Accept.
（2）For what purpose was a documentary made?
A. To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.
B. To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.
C. To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.
D. To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.
（3）What is the significance of the research?
A. It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.
B. It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.
C. It shows the complex relationships between species.
D. It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.
B. The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.
C. Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.
D. The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，其中黄石公园灰狼的引进就是一个典型的例子。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的"We were really surprised at that"可知，黄石公园在意想不到的方面从重新引入狼中获益。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“To learn more about just how wol ves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy.”可知，拍摄纪录片的目的是了解狼是如何对生态有益的。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“The re search is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem.”可知，这项研究再次证明了为什么保护这些食肉动物不仅对狼这个物种很重要，而且对生态系统的各个层面的物种都很重要。

故这项研究的意
义在于它有助于证明保护狼的重要性。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文主要讲述了人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，因为食草动物不会过度繁殖，从而保护了植物的生长。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.
Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become "AndyBot"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years
If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.
Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.
For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.
Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.
If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. "AndyBot" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.
（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements.
B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot.
C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.
D.To introduce Kaplan's life.
（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?
A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.
B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.
C.He believed this action will help with his novels.
D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.
（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations?
A.He may use voice computing platforms.
B.He may use a new body to go on living.
C.He may offer some guidance.
D.He may ask them questions.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.
B.People can talk with their late family members freely.
C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.
D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。

主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”--- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。

可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
It is the ideal way for traveler to ensure they wake up with the perfect view — a portable Eco-capsule that can be set up anywhere in the world. The egg-shaped pod (独立舱) ensures travelers can camp in the most extreme corners with all the luxury of a hotel room.
Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar energy as its power. In this way the tiny home can let you live comfortably wherever you travel. It even has its own shower and toilet, sleeping area for two, and a small kitchen. The 3,306 ib pods can be transported in a sea-container, meaning the possibilities are endless.
Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time. However, it quickly became apparent that they could be opened up to the wider public and even used in urban areas to fight against high rent and placed on roofs for studio space or living quarters. The Eco-capsule can serve as a cottage, a pop-up hotel or even as a charging station for electric cars.
The Eco-capsules could even be quickly imported for housing for emergency teams who have been quickly arranged to help with natural disasters. Described by the website as a "Swiss Army knife" — it packs everything you need, the self-contained unit can sustain long periods of time without external resources.
The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to year and for those worried about a cold night's sleep, the Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduce heat loss.
The pod is designed to cope with extreme weather conditions due to its innovative (创新的) design and materials used. No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its future and the producers are receiving heavy orders.
（1）Where does the Eco-capsule get power?
A. From a charging station.
B. From a portable battery.
C. From solar panels.
D. From electric cars.
（2）Whom may be the Eco-capsule initially designed for?
A. Astronauts.
B. Office ladies.
C. Homeless people.
D. Field biologists.（3）The Eco-capsule's users don't worry about coldness because _______.
A. it is a self-contained unit
B. it is equipped with a thick layer
C. it has a solar panel
D. it has an air conditioner
（4）How do the designers view the Eco-capsule's future market?
A. Optimistic.
B. Negative.
C. Worried.
D. Doubtful.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款便携式产品——Eco-capsule的功能、设计原理、大小、技术构造等情况。

该产品配有太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机为
其提供太阳能和风能，可以让两个人同时入住，有良好的保暖效果。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的”Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar en ergy as its power.“看起来就像科幻电影里的某种东西，该产品里面装有太阳能电池板，保证太阳能作为它的动力。

可知该产品从太阳能板获得能量。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a lon g time.“位于布拉迪斯拉发的尼斯建筑事务所是这些非凡的Eco-capsules的设计者，他们表示，最初是为长期生活在大自然中的人们设计的。

可知Eco-capsules是专门为野外生物学家设计的。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的”The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to year and for those worried about a cold night's sleep, the Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduce heat loss.“这86平方英尺的独立舱可以让两个人睡上一年，对于那些担心晚上睡不好觉的人来说，这种Eco-capsule有一层厚厚的保护层，可以显著减少热量损失。

可知Eco-capsule的使用者不用担心寒冷，因为它有一层厚厚的保护层。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its future and th e producers are receiving heavy orders.“难怪尼斯的建筑师们对它的未来如此有信心，制造商们也接到了大量订单。

可知设计师对Eco-capsules的未来市场非常乐观。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
E-Sports, short for electronic sports, is one of the growing industries in the world, with prizes totaling around $25 million up for grabs in some tournaments. E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports. The competition models itself after traditional professional sports in several ways: it uses corresponding tournament formats, involves player contracts, and is governed by regulations. The athletes who compete in e-Sports competitions are gamers．
The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972 when some Stanford University students competed in the Intergalactic Space War Olympics for the opportunity to win a one-year subscription to the Rolling Stone Magazine. E-Sports pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s when competitions like the Space Invaders Championship shot them to the spotlight. 2002 marked the beginning of a new era for the sport and laid the foundation for what e-Sports would become thanks to the release of the Xbox live, which brought online play to consoles. Halo Ⅱbecame the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.
Today, e-Sports are growing at a rapid pace thanks to advance in technology and the arrival of streaming services like Twitch which have exposed video game competitions to a new audience due to their extensive reach.。