2020年许昌市高级中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析

2020年许昌市高级中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
When the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.
Reading out loud
If your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.
Playing board games
Maybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!
Having a dance party
Considering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!
Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzles
For most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.
1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?
A. They both develop children's team spirit.
B. They both improve children's listening ability.
C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.
D. They both focus on interaction between children.
2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?
A. Reading out loud.
B. Playing board games.
C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.
D. Having a dance party.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To list four interesting children's parties.
B. To recommend four children's favorite books.
C. To introduce some activities for children inside.
D. To show some funny things for children outside.
B
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we
can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
4. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
5. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B. the historical approach to man
C. new insight into human behavior
D. the philosophical analysis of slavery
6. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.
A. have some characters in common
B. are born with diverse cultures
C. are born without a fixed nature
D. change their characters as they grow up
7. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.
A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.
C
Sport is not only physically challenging, but can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress canbe physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead
of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
8. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is_____________.
A. to make sport less competitive
B. to increase their sense of success
C. to reduce their mental stress
D. to make sport more challenging
9. According to the passage, sport is positive for young people in that_____________.
A. it can help them learn more about society
B. it enables them to find faults in themselves
C. it can provide them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
10. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_____________.
A. believing that criticism does good to their early development
B. without realizing criticism may destroy their self­confidence
C. in order to make them remember life’s lessons
D. so as to put more pressure on them
11. According to the passage parents and coaches should_____________.
A. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sport
B. help children to win every game
C. train children to cope with stress
D. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sport
D
Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem—solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote” (堂吉诃德). It collects story plotsfrom the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the store keeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robotwill learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
12. What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?
A. They entertain robots.
B. They highlight dangers.
C. They make robots more intelligent.
D. They enable robots to behave morally.
13. What is “Quixote” in the text?
A. A punishment system
B. A character in literature
C. A big name in technology
D. A software educating robots.
14. What does the designer expect robot to do in the experiment?
A. To take advantage of its privilege.
B. To finish the task most efficiently.
C. To perform in a good mannered way.
D. To be rewarded by the storekeeper1
15. Which of the follow can bestexpress the author’s opinion?
A. Robots will definitely have more functions.
B. Robots with human’s emotions are perfect.
C. Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D. The development of robots is still in a baby step.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项There are two types of people in this world: those who can sleep on flights, and those who can’t. If you happen to be one of these unfortunate souls, you may fail to enjoy a long trip. Being sleep-deprived and jet-lagged, you’re unable to function for at least 72 hours.___16___
Grab a row
We all know the vital part of sleep is managing to lie down to create the illusion of being in a bed.___17___If you’re limited to economy class, give yourself a fighting chance by choosing a middle seat when booking. Couples and families are unlikely to go either side of you, preferring to stick together.
___18___
It might seem silly, but preparing for “bed” the way you usually do at home means you’re more psychologically ready for sleep. Changing into pyjamas, brushing your teeth and removing your make-up can all get you in the right mindset. If you normally always read before bed, do it now too. These are signals to your brain that the “being awake” portion of the day is officially over.
Switch off
___19___Plan when you ideally want to sleep and half an hour beforehand shut down the electronics. Instead, do a bit of reading or, better yet, indulge in a 20-minute meditation (冥想) to really calm the neurons.
No pressure
Try not to put too much pressure on yourself; instead, just see it as a chance to rest your eyes for a bit.___20___If you do, it’s a bonus. If you don’t ... well, just hope they’ll accept your answer of “bleisure”(商务休闲旅游)as you walk unsteadily through security.
A. Stick to your routine
B. Get the right sleeping mask
C. But fear not-there are ways of securing more sleep.
D. Obviously, you can guarantee this by paying money for business class.
E. Using devices just before bed means your brain is all lit up like a Christmas tree.
F. It’s easier said than done, but stressing about not being able to sleep is a certain way of not being able to sleep.
G. Get comfortable and relaxed, and remind yourself that it’s not the end of the world if you fail to get some shuteye.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项When I wanted to get into my little daughter's room one evening, stopped. Through the crack of the door, I saw her playing alone. In one hand was plastic___21___and in the other, a toy broom. I___22___calmly as she was speaking to her make-believe little friend and I'll never forget the words she said___23___it was Just a pretence（假装）.
She said, "Rosais in the corner because she hasn't been very___24___and quiet lately. She didn't listen to me or do what she should. " In the corner I saw her baby doll. It was___25___that she'd been put there to sit___26___and think by herself. My daughter went on with her "___27___", as I sat down on the floor. She said "I'm___28___of all this. I really don't know how to___29___her any more. She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games, too. She never___30___me to do the things I just have to. She tries to help me with the dishes, but her arms can't reach. I don't have the energy to teach. I have much work to do and a big house to keep___31___. I don't have time to sit and play -understand what I mean?"
Later, I thought about making changes in my life as I listened to her___32___words that cut me like a knife. I didn't pay enough___33___to what I care most about. I'd been caught up in responsibilities that___34___throughout the year.
But now my___35___has greatly changed because in my heart I realize that I've seen the world in a___36___way through my daughter's eyes. So, just let the spider webs take up the corners and the dusty toy rabbit___37___the floor. Anyway, I'm not going to___38___them any more. I'm going to fill the house with___39___of a child and her mother because we're given only one childhood, and we'll___40___get another.
21. A. phone B. block C. toy D. speaker
22. A. thought B. moved C. listened D. worked
23. A. as if B. now that C. so that D. even though
24. A. careful B. good C. reliable D. serious
25. A. possible B. sensitive C. strange D. clear
26. A. somewhere B. straight C. alone D. anyhow
27. A. opinion B. conversation C. expression D. story
28. A. sure B. tired C. fond D. afraid
29. A. deal with B. care about C. turn to D. rely on
30. A. persuades B. helps C. allows D. requests
31. A. safe B. quiet C. comfortable D. tidy
32. A. simple B. foolish C. harmful D. empty
33. A. patience B. attention C. confidence D. importance
34. A. changed B. fell C. increased D. escaped
35. A. goal B. decision C. life D. attitude
36. A. different B. peaceful C. friendly D. clever
37. A. clean B. cover C. decorate D. rule
38. A. get into B. worry about C. watch over D. suffer from
39. A. memories B. games C. wishes D. promises
40. A. hardly B. ever C. never D. even
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Some people think only children are selfish, lonely, or unhappy. They say ___41.___is difficult for an only child to play or work ____42.____others. But this is not true. Only children are often very responsible. They are better at ____43.____(communicate) well with people because they speak mostly with adults at home. They are more likely to make____44.____(friend) outside the home. This is____45.____(nature). They need to play with other kids.
Polly is____46.____(I) next-door neighbor. We were also born on the same day. She is an only child. Polly____47.____(say) that she is neither lonely____48.____unhappy. She
can talk to people____49.____(easy) and she is not afraid of anything.
In fact, there is no big_____50._____(different) between only children and people with siblings(兄弟姐妹).
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Mr. Wang,
I’m Li Hua, a Senior 3 student in our school. I’m sorry to disturb you, and I have to ask you a favor in the hope you will be so kind to help me.
Ever since last month, my mother hadn’t allowed me to surf the Internet. In her opinion, it is the waste of time surfing the Internet and also affects my study. However, I don’t agree with him. With the Internet, I can easily find the informations I need. I can compare notes with my classmates if I meet with problems in my study. Also I can share something that worry me with my friends, which reduces my stress. Facing with my mother’s attitude, how should I do?
I real need your help!
Yours,
Li Hua 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的美国交换生Johnson想要和你一起参加青少年活动中心举办的生存训练暑假夏令营活动，并询问有关情况。

请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.活动时间和地点；
2.参加条件；
3.注意事项。

注意：词数80左右。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A
12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C
16. C 17. D 18. A 19. E 20. G
21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32.
A 33.
B 34.
C 35.
D 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
41. it 42. with
43. communicating
44. friends
45. natural
46. my 47. says
48. nor 49. easily
50. difference
51.(1).and→but (2). 在hope后加that (3). hadn’t→hasn’t (4). the→a (5). him→her (6). informations→information (7). worry→worrie (8).Facing→Faced，或去掉with (9). how→what (10). real→really
52.略。