新概念英语第二册笔记_第51课

Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue 对美德的奖赏
Why did Hugh's diet not work?
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
参考译文
我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得越发糟糕，以致他决定节食。

他是一星期前开始节食的。

首先，他开列了一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。

这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。

昨天我去看望了他。

我按响了门铃，当看到休仍和往常一样胖时，我并不感到惊奇。

他把我领进屋，慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面。

显然他感到很尴尬。

当我问他正干什么时，他内疚地笑了，然后把那个大包拿到了桌上。

他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下。

接着他给我看了包里的东西。

里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！
New words and expressions 生词和短语
★ reward n. 报偿
同义词compensate, pay,, award
反义词punish, punishment
rewarded rewarded rewarding
n. 报酬、奖赏、酬谢、赏金
eg：He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章
eg：A 10-million reward has been offered for the capture of Bin Laden .
悬赏一千万美元捉拿本拉登。

eg：He worked hard without（any）hope of reward .
他辛勤工作,但却不期待得到报酬。

v. 给予报酬，酬谢，报答
eg：Is this how you reward me for my help ？
你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗?
eg：You will be fully rewarded with all your efforts .
你所有的努力都将得到充分的回报。

eg：I will reward you later . 以后我会报答你。

rewarding adj. 报酬的, 有益的, 值得的
a rewarding experience一次富有价值的经历
★virtue n. 美德
同义词goodness, righteousness, morality 复数virtues
（1）美德、善、清高（反意词：vice 恶行，缺德行为）
a man of virtue有德之人
eg：Honesty is a virtue . 诚实是一种美德。

lead a life of virtue 过高尚的生活
eg：Virtue is its own reward . (谚)做好事即乐在其中.
eg：All of the virtues get here . 全聚德
（2）优点、长处
eg：The big class has the virtue of making more friends .
大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。

eg：My room has virtue of being warm even in winter .
我的房间有个好处即使是冬天也很温暖。

Virtual adj. ['və:tjuəl] 实质的, 实际上的
eg：Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business . 我们的副经理是公司的实际负责人.
★diet n. 节食
同义词food and drink, food, foodstuffs, victuals
复数diets
dieted dieted dieting
（1）节食go on a diet ＝be on a diet实行节食
lose weight 减重←→put on weight ＝gain weight 增胖（2）（日常的）饮食
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食；diet sheet（病人的）规定食谱★forbid v. 禁止, 不许[O1][O2][+v-ing...
同义词prohibit, disallow, bar, ban 反义词permit, allow forbid －forbade－forbidden－ forbidding
forbid +n. / doing
eg：Who can forbid our marriage ？谁可以禁止我们的婚姻？
eg：Smoking is forbidden in this building . 在这幢楼里吸烟是被禁止。

forbid sb 禁止某人…..
eg：If you want to go , I can’t forbid you . 如果你想去，我不能阻止你。

eg：He didn’t like his daughter’s boy friend , and forbade him into the house .他不喜欢他女儿的男朋友，并禁止他进了屋。

forbid sb to do ……. 禁止某人做某事
eg：My father forbade me to watch television . 我的父亲就禁止我看电视。

eg：It is forbidden to smoke in this room .（No Smoking）
在这个房间禁止吸烟。

forbidden adj.（被）禁止的
forbidden fruit 禁果;非法的欢愉
forbidden ground 禁区、必须避免的问题、犯忌讳的问题
the Forbidden City 故宫, 紫禁城
eg：God forbid that we should have class tomorrow.
上帝保佑，我们明天不用上课。

★hurriedly adv. 匆忙地、草率地
hurried adj. 仓促的, 慌忙的； a hurried trip 匆忙之旅
a hurried meal 匆忙吃了顿饭
hurriedly adv. ['hʌridli]匆忙地；speak hurriedly 匆促地讲
hurry v.匆忙, 催促, 赶紧
eg：Don’t hurry . 不要急。

eg：Hurry up . 快点
eg：With this , the woman hurried away / off . 说完了，该女子匆匆离去。

eg：He hurried home . 他匆匆赶回家。

eg：He hurried to school . 他急忙赶到学校。

hurry to + 地点：匆忙赶到某地
eg：He hurried back to his office . 他急忙赶回他的办公室。

eg：They hurried into the car . 他们急忙上车。

★embarrass v. 使窘; 使不好意思, 使局促不安[H][(...
同义词disconcert, discomfit, abash, confound
变化形动变embarrassed embarrassed embarrassing
embarrass sb 使某人难堪
eg：Your sharp words embarrassed him a lot .
你尖酸的话令他很难堪。

eg：Are you trying to embarrass me ？你想要我难堪？
eg：Don’t embarrass them by asking / with personal questions .
不要问他们令人难堪的个人问题。

eg：She was embarrassed by his loud laughter .
他的大笑令她感到尴尬。

embarrassing adj. 令人困惑的、难堪、尴尬的
embarrassed adj. 感到困惑的、难堪、尴尬的
eg：It was obvious that he was very embarrassed .
显然他感到很窘。

financially embarrassed ＝short of money囊中羞涩、经济受窘embarrassment [imˈbærəsmənt] n.窘迫；困惑；为难
an embarrassment of riches 好东西太多而难以选择
东西多得令人为难；财富多得成了累赘
blush in embarrassment 因难为情而脸红
区别：embassy [ˈembəsi] n.大馆；大使馆全体成员
★guiltily adv. 内疚地
（1）责任、罪行、罪状
eg：Guilt was written all over her face .
她的罪过都写在脸上了；她在脸上写满了内疚。

establish the suspect’s guilt证实嫌疑犯有罪
eg：He denied his guilt . 他否认自己有罪。

eg：He confessed his guilt . 他承认自己有罪。

（2）不安、内疚
feeling of guilt 内疚感、罪悪感｛ざいあくかん｝、罪の意识｛いしき｝guilty ['gilti] adj.有罪的, 内疚的
guiltless （innocent , clear）['giltlis] adj. 不熟悉 ... 的, 无罪的eg：I feel guilty about cutting classes . 旷课我感到内疚。

eg：I feel guilty because I have no money to lend you .
因为我没有钱借给你感到内疚。

eg：Not guilty . 裁决某人[无罪].
eg：The boys were guilty of theft . 男孩子们犯了盗窃罪。

guiltily adv.
eg：She smiled guiltily as she saw me . 当她看见我时她尴尬地笑。

★strict adj. 严格的、严厉的[(+with)]
同义词harsh, exact, precise, rigorous
反义词lenient, loose, lax 变化形形变stricter strictest
（1）adj. 严格地、严厉的
be strict with sb 对某人严厉
＝be strict in sb 对某人严厉
be strict in one’s work / study 对工作/学习严格
eg：First of all , you must be strict with yourself .
首先，你必须严格要求自己。

a strict teacher一位严格的老师；strict rules 严格的规定
（2）adj. 严密地、正确地
the strict truth 确凿的事实、绝对真实
in the strict sense 严格说来
strictly ['striktli] adv.严格地, 完全地
eg：Strictly speaking , you are not fit for your job .
严格来说，你是不适合这份工作。

eg：Smoking is strictly prohibited . 严禁吸烟、吸烟被严格地禁止。

★occasionally adv. 偶尔地、偶尔, 间或
同义词sometimes, now and then, once in a while
adv. now and then , at times 偶而地
eg：I occasionally go to the movies with him .
我偶尔和他去看电影。

occasional adj. 偶而的
occasional visits 偶尔的拜访
eg：We’ll have occasional snow during the night .
晚上偶而会下一阵雪。

occasion [əˈkeiʒən] n.时刻，场合；盛会；时机；起因vt.引起
on one occasion一次, on another occasion 另一次
on this / that occasion 在这种/那种场合
eg：It’s always the same on this kind of occasions .
在这种场合总是这样的。

eg：He has had few occasions to speak French .
他很少有机会讲法语。

二．Key structures：一般过去时
一般过去时：表过去某时发生的动作或处于的状态，通常表过去的时间状语连用，（也可通过上、下文体现时间）。

eg：I got on the bus and sat down.
Eg：The magazine I ordered was sent to the wrong address .
eg：A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory was burnt to the ground .
burnt to the ground 彻底烧毁
注意动词不规则过去式、过去分词
eat －ate －eaten ；wear －wore －worn
win －won －won ；fall －fell －fallen
beat [bi:t] vt.打；战胜vi.跳动n.跳动(声)；节拍－beat －beaten
forbid [fəˈbid] vt.不许，禁止－forbade －forbidden
lose －lost －lost ；break －broke －broken
hide －hid －hidden ；ring 打电话－rang －rung
burn －burnt / burned －burnt / burned
lead －led －led
rise vi.升起；起立(床)；上涨n.上涨；升高－rose －risen
lie [lai]vi.躺，平放；位于；伸展；说谎n.谎话－lay －lain
lay [lei] v.置放；铺；产(蛋，卵)；设置；主张－laid －laid
creep [kri:p]vi.爬行，匍匐；蹑手蹑足地走，缓慢地行进－crept －crept
leap [li:p]vi.跳；冲vt.跃过n.跳跃；激增，骤变－leapt －leapt
tear [tiə, teə]n.眼泪；破洞，裂口v.撕(裂)，被撕破－tore －torn
Exercise：
⑴I was （be）glad to get your letter .
⑵How did you like （like）their performance？
⑶Who put （put）forward this suggestion ？
⑷Yesterday I paid （pay）him a visit .
⑸Everybody rose （rise起立）when he entered （enter）the room .
三．课文讲解：
★My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近来情况变得越发糟糕, 以致他决定节食.
※so …that 如此…以致；结果使，以致
eg：It’s so cold t hat the pond has frozen.
eg：I ran so fast that I’d got a pain in my side.
so …as to do ……到做某事的程度
eg：She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus .
※decide to do sth 决定做某事
※go on a diet 节食
★He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
他是一星期前开始节食的. 首先, 他开列了一张长长的单子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物.
※first of all 首先
eg：First of all she just smiled , and then she started to laugh .
最初她只是微笑,后来才放声大笑.
※write out 全部写出
※a list of 一张……的清单、一份名单
list ⑴n.
put a person’s name on the list 把………列入名单
take a person’s name off the list 把………除名
draw up list of members 编造会员名单
list price n. 订价, 价目表所列之价格、标价
⑵v.
eg：My name is not listed in the telephone directory .
我的名字没有被列在电话簿里
The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.
这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的: 黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果.
※include v. 包括，把…….列入（算入）……（做为整体的一部分），它的主语可能是人或物，在意义上与put
in 相似。

eg：I included eggs in the list of things to buy .
我将蛋列入了要买的物品单
eg：Your duties include making the tea. 你的任务包括泡茶
eg：Am I included in the team ？我属于对里吗？
contain 包含，容纳，……..的里面有或装着，始终表示在某个容器或物体之内，通常与there is / are ………in 的结构互换，不能用进行时。

eg：That box contains old letters. ＝There are old letters in that box .
eg：He included a lot of funny stories in his speech .
＝His speech contained a lot of funny stories .
eg：The rocket contains a number of scientific instruments , including a television camera.
火箭包含一些科学仪器，其中包括电视摄像机
※potatoes , sweets →可数名词
Yesterday I paid him a visit.
昨天我去看望了他.
pay sb a visit ＝visit sb
pay attention to……
eg：You should pay attention to what your parents say.
pay for
⑴补偿，受……的报应
eg：You’ll have to pay for your selfishness some day .
有一天你将会为你的的自私付出代价
⑵为……..付款
eg：Now you can pay for my dinner . 现在你可以替我付饭钱了
pay back 偿还，还钱给(某人)；回报，向…报复
eg：He paid back his debts. 他偿还了借款
I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
我按响了门铃. 当看到休仍和往常一样胖时, 我并不感到惊奇.
ring vi. / vt.
eg：The telephone rang just now .（vi.）
eg：I rang the bell.（vt.）
as fat as ever 原句：as fat as he ever was 状语从句
He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
他把我领进屋, 慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面.
lead v. show the way , especially by going in front
给……..指路，领路
eg：He led / showed the guest into his study .
eg：I’ll show you around . 我会带你四处看看
It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.
显然他感到很尴尬. 当我问他正干什么时, 他内疚地笑了, 然后把那个大包拿到了桌上.
He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.
他解释说, 他的饮食控制得太严格了, 以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下.
※so ……that 如此…以致；结果使，以致
Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.
接着他给我看了包里的东西.
show
eg：He showed me his photographs.
eg：You must show your ticket at the barrier. 必须在检票处出示票.
＊barrier [ˈbæriə] n.栅栏，关卡，检票口；障碍，隔阂；屏障
It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果!
※bar n. ⑴条
a bar of chocolate
a bar of soap n. 一块肥皂
a bar of red across the western sky 日落时,西边天空有一道红晖
⑵酒吧：barmaid n. 酒吧女招待, 酒吧女服务员
barman ＝bartender n. 酒吧的侍者;酒保、调酒师；酒吧男服务员
⑶（法庭上将法官囚犯，律师等与听众隔开的）栏杆
behind bars 在狱中
不可数名词，表示”一个”概念时，需加”a bar of “ 类似的定语：
a piece of news 一条新闻；an item of news一则消息、一条新闻
a piece of work 一份工作； a burst of applause 一阵掌声
＊burst [bə:st] vt.使爆裂vi.爆炸；挤满n.爆炸；爆发
＊applause [əˈplɔ:z] n.鼓掌，掌声
a fit of anger 阵愤怒
＊fit [fit] adj. 适宜的, 健壮的v. 适合, 安装n. 适宜, 发作
an item of truth 一点真相；an article of clothing 一件衣服
＊article [ˈɑ:tik(ə)l] n.物件；文章，论文；条款;冠词
a grain of rice 一粒米
＊grain [grein] n.谷物；谷粒，颗粒，细粒；少量，微量
a lump of sugar n. 一块方糖
＊lump [lʌmp] n.小方块，(肿)块vt.归在一起vi.结块
※sweet （Br.）【英】(餐后的)甜点[U][C]、甘い食べ物［菓子｛かし｝、
＝dessert（Am.）
eg：I don’t want any sweet . 我不要甜点
sweets 【英】糖果[P] ＝candy（Am.）
eg：Please help yourself to some sweets .
※reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏
四．Special Difficulties：
1、raise及物动词/ rise : 不及物动词, 不能加宾语: 它们的区别不在于意思, 而在于词性eg：That boy always raises his hand when I ask a question.
我问问题时、那男孩总是举起手
eg：That shelf was too low so we raised it few inches .
这架太低，因此我们提高了几英寸
eg：Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year .
eg：I always rise at six o’clock . 我总是6点起床
eg：After the concert , everybody rose and clapped .
演唱会结束后，大家起立，鼓掌
eg：The sun has just risen. 太阳刚刚升起。

2、lay : 及物动词/ lie不及物动词: lay the egg / lie in bed
eg：Lay those parcels on the floor , please . 请把那些包放在上
eg：Where’s my book ？I laid it on that shelf a moment ago .
我的书呢？刚才我把这本书放在书架上了
eg：Haven’t you laid the table yet ？还没把桌子摆好吗？
eg：It’s nice to get up in the morning , but it’s nicer to lie in bed .
eg：I lay in bed till 10 o’clock last Sunday morning .
eg：The children are playing a game . They’ve all just lain on the grass.
3、beat后面接对手win不能接对手: I beat you.
eg：Arsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday .
上星期六阿森纳队击败曼联队。

eg：Arsenal won the game . 阿森纳队赢得了比赛
Exercise 练习：Choose the correct verbs in the following sentences:
＊verb [və:b]n.动词选择正确的动词:
1. Everybody (raised)(rose) when he entered the room.
2. I have been (laying)(lying) here for half an hour.
3. Mrs. Jones.(laid)(lay).the table before breakfast.
4.The airplane (raised)(rose) into the air.
5. I'm not very good at chess. He always (wins)(beats) me.
6. ‘Did you (win)(beat) or lose?’I asked.
1. rose
2. lying
3. laid / before breakfast. 不能用“lay” 因为第三人称单数
4. rose
5. beats 有对手
6. win 后面没对手
五．Exercise：
1.He smiled guiltily .He felt d .
a. guilt n.内疚感；罪
b. guiltily adv. 内疚地
c. guiltless a.无罪的；不熟悉…的
d. guilty adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虚的
2. He was very embarrassed. He felt d .
a. shy
b. shameful
c. hot
d. uncomfortable
felt 是feel的过去式；半联系动词: be动词
注意以下三类词:
①感官动词feel, smell(闻起来: The food smell well.), sound(听起来: The idea sound good.)
②get : 变得, become,
⑶lie
Feel + adj
shy adj. : 害羞的(习惯性的, 在某一种情况下就会作出的反应)
shame n : 羞愧
shameful : 令人羞愧的: It’s shameful.(注意它没有“-ing” 形式)
Ashamed adj. : 感到羞愧的: I am ashamed.
hot热的, 恼火的
uncomfortable : 不舒服的, 不放松的
comfortable: 一种自在, 轻松, 放松的概念
ill 生病: I feel ill. ；Terrible 糟透了, 不舒服
3. He had to reward himself occasionally . He had to reward himself b .
a. again and again 再三地，反复不止地
b. now and again 不时地、偶而
c. once again 再一次
d. over and over again 一再地，再三地
4. A completely new situation will a when the examination system comes into existence.
a. arise [əˈraiz] vi.产生，出现；起源于;起身(床)
b. rise [raiz] vi.升起；起立(床)；上涨n.上涨；升高
c. raise [rez, reiz] vt./ n.举起；增加；筹集；引起；养育
d. arouse [əˈrauz] vt.引起，激起，唤起；唤醒
六．Review：
1. Key structures：一般过去时：表过去某时发生的动作或处于的状态
2. Main Points：
reward sb for ……为某事给某人报酬或奖赏；go on a diet 节食
forbid sb 禁止某人；forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人(做某事)
it is forbidden to do sth 禁止做某事
b
be embarrassed（by）……因为…..感到难为情
pay sb a visit 拜访某人、顺便访问某人
be strict with sb 对某人严厉；be strict in sth 严于做某事so ……that 如此…以致
七．补充内容：谚语：
1. Jump out of the frying-pan into the fire .
刚出虎穴,又入狼窝、跳出油锅又落火坑,逃了小难义遭大难。

2. Just one of those things . 这是不可避免的事。

b。