[全国版][小升初英语专题][第3讲 代词]讲义

1.基本内容：代词包括人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、
不定代词等，是小升初最重要的考点之一；
2.题型分布：主要在单选和完形题中直接考查，但在阅读、写作等题型当中都
会涉及；
3.分值数据：直接考本知识点分值大约是2分左右。

代词的学习分布于小学课程的各个年级，如图所示，主要集中在四五年。

六年级进一步复习和深化物主代词的用法, 学习“ Wh-”类疑问代词的用法，在此基础上进行总结提高。

第3讲代词
人称代词
人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

1．主格用来作句子的主语、表语。

Eg：I often go shopping on Sundays. （主语）
Are they from Brazil? （主语）
That’s it. / It’s he!（表语）
2．宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。

Eg：Who teaches you English this year?
Help me!
We often write letters to her.
3.it的用法：
（1）人称代词it一般指物，但也可以指不明性别的人、婴儿。

Eg. - Who is it?
-I t’s me, Jane.
Eg. ① -What’s the weather like today?
- It’s fine.
② - What’s the time?
-It’s 12：00.
（3）作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。

Eg. It took him three days to clean his house.
【即学即练】
1. Let’s go and help.
A. she
B. he
C. her
D. they
2. - What’s the weather like today?
- _____is fine.
A. This
B. That
C. It
D. Its
3. - What’s that?
- ______ a jeep.
A. It
B. Its
C. It’s
D. its
4. Mom and dad bought a birthday gift for_____. Children were
very happy.
A. him
B. them
C. he
D. she
【解析】1.选C. help是动词，后面的代词要用宾格
2.选C.it代指天气
3. C. It’s = It is
4. B .由后文的children可以得知爸爸妈妈给孩子们买礼物，
所以用them代指children.
物主代词
说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性物主代词两种。

1．形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。

Eg. Is that your umbrella?
I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.
They are their books.
2．名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。

Eg. This is your cup, but where is mine?
Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.
3. “of +名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。

Eg. A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.
【即学即练】
1. I think it’s classroom.
A. we
B. us
C. our
D. we
2. The apple is .
A. I
B. me
C. mine
D. my
3. You can speak to （he）. He is （our）teacher.
4. These rabbits are white and lovely. like jumping and running. Do you like （they）？
【解析】1.C.后面有名词classroom,所有要用“我们的”形容词性物主代词；
2.C.后面没有名词，表示“这是苹果是我的”，故选C.
3. him; our. speak to sb.跟某人说话，to是介词，后面加代词需要宾
格来作宾语
4. They; them“他们喜欢跳和跑”，在此句中作主语，因此需要代词的
主格形式，“你喜欢他们吗？”做动词like的宾语，要用宾格。

指示代词
指示代词是用来指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物，既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。

常用指示代词如图所示：
Eg. 1. What’s this?
2. That model plane is made of plastic.
【即学即练】
1. - Are __________ coats yours?
- Yes, they are.
A. they
B. these
C. this
D. there
2. - Hello, who’s ______?
- _____ is Linda speaking! /Speaking!
A. this; This
B. that; That
C. that; This
3. - May I have some socks, please?
- Can I give you _______ socks on the shelf?
- No. thank you. I’d like ______socks there. They look comfortable.
A. that, this
B. this, that
C. those, these
D. these, those
4. The population of China is larger than __________ of Japan.
A. one
B. it
C. that
D. those
【解析】1. B. coats是复数，因此用these修饰
2. C. 此为电话用语，问对方是谁用Who’s that?回答用This is…
3. D. 因为socks用的是复数，又根据句意，顾客不喜欢卖家推荐的袜
子，他想买远处的，用those.
表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

1. 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。

Eg. Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.
2．在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。

Eg. The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.
3. 熟记“动词+反身代词”构成的习惯用语：
①teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学
②enjoy oneself 玩的开心
③make oneself at home 别客气
④look after oneself = take care of oneself照看自己
⑤dress oneself 自己穿衣
⑥Help yourselves 自便
【即学即练】
1. He can do the job.
A. he
B. his
C. him
D. himself
2. We should take care of .
A. us
B. our
C. ourself
D. ourselves.
3. Don’t worry ._____can finish the job by ______.
A. Myself; me
B. Me; Myself
C. I; myself
D. Myself ; I
（
【解析】1.D表示他自己，做He的同位语，起强调作用。

2. D我们应该照顾好我们自己，我们自己“ ourselves”.
3. C 句意为“我可以自己完成这项工作”，故选C.
4. myself.我自己做的
疑问代词
疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。

【即学即练】
一、单项选择
1. - that in Picture Two?
- It’ s an apple.
A. Who’s
B. What’s
C. Where
D. Which
2. - bike is it?
- It’s his bike.
A. What
B. Who
C. Which
D. Whose
3. - is Betty?
- She is Tom’ s sister.
A. Who
B. Which
C. Whose
D. Where
二、选择正确的词填空
What How much When Where Why
1.______ are you doing?
2._______ are you going to go?
3. - ______ is the bag?
- Twenty yuan.
4. - ______ will you come back?
- A quarter to ten.
5. - ________ are you wearing a dress?
- Because I will attend a party.
【解析】1. B.根据答语“是一个苹果”，推出提问是什么
2. D 根据答语“是他的自行车”，所以问句应该是问“这是谁的车”
3. A 根据答语“她是汤姆的姐姐”，所以应该是问“Betty是谁”
4. What. 句意是“你正在做什么”
5. Where. 表示“你要去哪里？”
6. How much 根据句意是问这个包多少钱
7.When根据答语回答的是时间，因此问句应该是询问你几点回来
8. Why 根据答语因为我要参加一个聚会，所以问句应该是问原因
不定代词
代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。

1. some和any的用法：
(1) some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可
数名词或不可数名词。

some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。

Eg: I have some work to do today.
Would you like some coffee with sugar?
(2) any一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时
可修饰可数或不可数名词。

any用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。

Eg: Have you got any questions to ask?
Come here with any friend.
【例题】There aren’t _____ apples in the basket, but there are some on the table.
A. some
B. any
C. a
【解析】B. any用在否定句中
2. all和both的用法：
(1) all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替
或修饰不可数名词。

both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。

all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

Eg. ① I know all of the four British students in their school.
② -Would you like this one or that one?
- Both.
（2）all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of可以省略。

Eg: All (of) (the) boys are naughty.
【例题】
A. Both of them
B. Both of they
C. The both girls
D. Both them
【解析】A
3. every和each用法：
(1) every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；
(2) each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、
助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前。

Eg: Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每个学生学习都很用功)
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. (他们很忙,
人人都有事干)
4. many和much的用法：
many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。

它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。

Eg：I don’t have many friends here.
We can learn much with the help of him.
【例题】There are _____ water in the bottle.
A. many
B. much
C. few
【解析】water是不可数名词，因此用much 来修饰
5. few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思, a few, a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few, a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little, a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。

它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。

Eg: He is very poor and he has little money.
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.
In that polar region there live few people.
You can get a few sweets from him.
【例题】
- Sorry, I have____ in my bottle.
A. a few
B. few
C. a little
D. little
2. There are _____eggs in the bottle. I have to buy _____.
A. no, little
B. a little, little
C. few, some
D. a few, few 【解析】1. D根据语境，“不好意思，我也没有多少了”表示否定意义，又因为ink是不可数名词，所以选little.
2. C. 鸡蛋是可数名词，根据语境表示“瓶子里没有多少鸡蛋了，要去
买一些”，所以选C
6. either和neither的用法：
(1) either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思
是“两个都不”。

neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。

Eg. ①I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do.
②- Will you go there by bus or by car?
- Neither. I will go there by train.
【例题】Walking along the streets，you can see many beautiful flowers on _____ side of the street.
A. every
B. all
C. both
D. either
【解析】D .表示街道的两侧的任何一面，如果要选both，需要sides
7. other, the other和another的用法：
【例题】I have two uncles，one is a doctor and _____ is a teacher.
A. the other
B. another
C. other
D. Another one
【解析】A. 表示两个中的另一个
8. （1）复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything,
everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every加上body, thing 构成的,叫
做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

（2）somebody, something, someone一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。

（3）修饰复合不定代词的定语（形容词，动词不定式）修饰复合不定代词需后置。

Eg：Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door.
Is anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
【例题】is difficult if you put your heart into it.
A. Something
B. Everything.
C. Nothing
D. Anything
【解析】C. 根据句意，“如果你用心，没有什么事情做不成”
9. none, no one, nobody
no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。

Eg：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket
Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.
None of my friends came to see me that day.
【例题】_____of us answered the phone，for we were all in the yard.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. All
D. None
【解析】D. 根据后面我们都在院子里，因此没有人接电话
1. We all like him because he says __________ but does much.
A. little
B. a little
C. much
D. Many
2．_________ of the teachers are OK in our school.
A. every
B. each
C. either
D. all
3. I don’t like this coat，could you please show me ______？
A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. others 4．There are many people in the park，some are playing cards，some are dancing，and ____are taking a walk in it.
A. Other
B. the other
C. others
D. somebody
5．I have two TV set，but _____ of them is in good condition.
A. both
B. none
C. neither
D. every
6．- How many monkeys are there in the cage left？
- _____.
A. None
B. No one
C. Nothing
D. not some 7．Some students hope to enter the best universities while _____ simply want to learn skills.
A. the others
B. others
C. another
D. the other
8．I invited Joe and Linda to dinner，but _____of them came.
A. neither
B. either
C. none
D. both
9．I had to buy ____these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
A. both
B. none
C. neither
D. all
【解析】
1. A“说的少做的多”
2. D 因为谓语是复数are，所以用all of ,如果谓语是单数则用each
3. B. this coat 是单数，所以是另一个
4. C. 表示一些人在散步
5. C. 谓语是单数is，句意是“我有两台电视，两个都不能用”
6. A. no one只能指人，这里指猴子，因此用none
7.B 根据句意，一些人希望进入较好的大学，而另一些人只是想学技
8. A. Joe和Linda是两个人，but转折，所以是两个都不
9. D. 根据句意我不知道哪本好，所以都买
一、单项选择
1. Are they _______raincoats or ______?
A. their, ours
B. their, our
C. theirs, ours
D. their, us
2. Help _______ to some chicken .
A. themself
B. them
C. herself
D. yourselves
3.________ of my parents can take care of my little sister, so I
needn’t stay at home to take care of her.
A. All
B. Both
C. None
D. Neither
4.____do you like best, football, volleyball or baseball?
A. Who
B. Which
C. What
D. Why
5. -Teacher Zhang, ____ wants to see you.
-Who?
A. someone
B. anyone
C.I
D. he
6. -What time is _______?
-_________’s eight o’clock am.
A. this, This
B. that, This
C. it, It
D. it, This
7．-Three bottles of water, two cakes and a knife, please.
-Is ___all?
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. these
8. - Would you like ______wine?
- No. thanks.
A. some
B. any
C. no
D. the
9. - Hello, ________is Susan speaking .Can I speak to Andy，please?
- Hold on, please.
A. she
B. this
C. that
D. it
10. - _____ hat is this?
- It’s _____.
C. Whom, his
D. Whose, mine
二、选词并用单词的适当形式填空
my his we its him their
mine hers our it yours they
1. Andy and I are making a model plane.
→_________are making a model plane.
2. Does the black bike belong to you ？
→Is the black bike_______?
3. The big house among the mountains belongs to them.
→______big house lies among the mountains.
4. It is her computer.
→The computer is _______.
5. I can’t find my glasses.
→The glasses are not _______.Where is _________glasses? 6. The tail belongs to the white dog.
→The white dog is waging (摆动)______tail happily.
三、用单词的正确形式填空
1. It isn’t pen, it’s . （he, she）
2. - Is it eraser?
- No, it’s not . It’s . （you, I, he）
3. - Have you got umbrella? （you）
- Yes, I’ve got（I）
4. schoolbag is heavier than . （he, she）
5. Whose bedroom is bigger, or ？（we, they）
6. - Do you like Chinese teacher?
- I love Chinese teacher very much.（you, we）
7. They are doing homework. （they）
8. Whose knife is it? It’s . （she）
9. I have a cat, name is Mimi. （It）
10. How does Mike spend holiday?（he）
（
12. - Is that （you）computer ?
- No, it is （she）.
四、改错.
（）1. This pen is my. Yours is over there. _________
A B C D
（）2. He can’t do it by ourselves. ________
A B C D
（）3. These are dirty desks. Let’s clean they. __________
A B C D
（）4. Who’s books are these on the desk? ___________
A B C D
（）5. Whose season do you like best? __________
A B C D
【答案】
一、1-5 ADBBA
6-10 CCABD
二、1.We 2. yours 3.Their
4. hers
5.mine;my
6.its
三、1.his；hers 2. your ; mine; his 3.your; mine
4. His; hers
5. ours ; theirs
6. your; our
7. their 8. hers 9.Its
10.his 11.mine 12. your; hers
四、1. B, mine 2. D, himself 3. D, them
4. A, Whose
5. A, which。