高中英语unit4bodylanguage4sectionⅳgrammar高一英语
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12/11/2021
为强调动词-ing 形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。 例如，加上 when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上 before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上 thus，强调结果；加上(al)though， 强调让步等。 ◆Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
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【即时演练 1】——单句语法填空 ①__H__e_a_r_in_g___ (hear) the news, they immediately set off for the station. ②__U__s_in_g____ (use) a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes. ③The child slipped and fell, __h_i_t_ti_n_g___ (hit) his head against the door. ④___L_i_v_in_g___ (live) miles away, he attended the lecture. ⑤He lay in bed, ___r_e_a_d_in_g__ (read) a novel.
现在分词(短语)作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产 生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况， 前面有时候可以加 thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意 料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。试比较： ◆He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 ◆I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
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◆Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的 主动式) 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。 ◆Having tried many times, he still couldn’t overcome his difficulties. (现在分词的主动式) 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。
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2．现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分
词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。 ◆ Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
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4．独立主格 现在分词(短语)作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，
这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况， 也可以表示时间、原因或条件。 ◆The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那些树非常高，其中一些测量为 90 多米。 ◆The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. 由于天气好，我们去散步了。
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【即时演练 4】——用现在分词(短语)的独立主格结构改we shall go there on foot. →__W__e_a_t_h_e_r_p_e_r_m__it_ti_n_g__, we shall go there on foot. ②After Mary came back, they discussed it together. →__M__a_r_y__co_m__i_n_g_b_a_c_k___, they discussed it together.
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3．现在分词的否定式：not＋v.ing; not having＋v.ed ◆Not knowing what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back. 不知道要做什么，孩子们只好等他们的父母回来。 ◆Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
12/11/2021
现在分词(短语)作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句 子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或 伴随状况。
12/11/2021
1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句) ◆Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. ＝When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上 when 或 while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
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2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由 as 或 because 引导的原因状语 从句) ◆Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. ＝As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school. 因为生病了，他无法去上学。 3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加 if, unless 等连词) ◆Working hard, you’ll make great progress. ＝If you work hard, you’ll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
12/11/2021
5．现在分词(短语)作评注性状语 有些现在分词(短语)在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为
句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点 等 。 例 如 ： generally speaking“ 一 般 来 说 ” ， judging by/from ...“ 从 …… 判 断 ” ， taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。 ◆Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
【即时演练 2】——单句语法填空 ①The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, __m__a_k_in_g___ (make) air conditioning unnecessary. ②____H_a_v_i_n_g_w__o_r_k_e_d____ (work) for three hours, he took a rest. ③__H__a_v_i_n_g_l_iv_e_d__ (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well. ④__S__ee_i_n_g___ (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
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4．作结果状语 现在分词(短语)作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗
号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 ◆The plate dropped from her hands，breaking into pieces. 盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。
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(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用 分词的完成式。 ◆Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished 是先发生的， went 是后发生的)
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Unit 4 Body language
Section Ⅳ Grammar
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现在分词(短语)作状语
1．(教材 P26)I stood for a minute __w_a_t_c_h_i_n_g__ (watch) them and then went to greet them. 2 ． ( 教 材 P26)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in ___s_m__il_in__g__ (smile), together with George Cook from Canada.
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5．作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词(短语)作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发
生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动 作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。 ◆Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book. ＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
12/11/2021
现在分词(短语)作状语注意事项 1．现在分词的时态
现在分词(短语)作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现 在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。 (1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的 一般式。 ◆Walking along the street, I saw this bar. 我正在大街上行走时，看到了这个酒吧。(Walking 和谓语动词 saw 同时发生)
12/11/2021
3．(教材 P26)In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings ____u_si_n_g____ (use) unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture. 4．_____H_a_v_i_n_g__sm__o_k_e_d_____ (smoke) too much, he has suffered from lung cancer. 5．__H__e_a_r_in_g___ (hear) the news, they jumped for joy.
12/11/2021
【即时演练 3】——单句语法填空 ①_____H_a_v_i_n_g_s_p_e_n_t_____ (spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call. ② __H__a_v_i_n_g_b_e_e_n__to_l_d____ (tell) for several times, he still couldn’t understand the rules. ③___H__a_v_in__g_r_e_c_e_iv_e_d____ (receive) his reply, she rang him up. ④___H_a_v_i_n_g_b__ee_n__a_s_k_e_d__ (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
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Ⅰ 单句语法填空 1．He forgot to turn on the radio, thus__m__i_ss_i_n_g__ (miss) the program. 2．Last week, Li Ming and I, ___r_e_p_r_e_s_e_n_ti_n_g___ (represent) our school, attended a competition and won second place. 3 ． We were about to leave the office when Sam came __r_u_s_h_i_n_g__ (rush) in with a message of the talk. 4．Peter made a car __u_s_i_n_g__ (use) some parts of other old cars.
为强调动词-ing 形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。 例如，加上 when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上 before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上 thus，强调结果；加上(al)though， 强调让步等。 ◆Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
12/11/2021
【即时演练 1】——单句语法填空 ①__H__e_a_r_in_g___ (hear) the news, they immediately set off for the station. ②__U__s_in_g____ (use) a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes. ③The child slipped and fell, __h_i_t_ti_n_g___ (hit) his head against the door. ④___L_i_v_in_g___ (live) miles away, he attended the lecture. ⑤He lay in bed, ___r_e_a_d_in_g__ (read) a novel.
现在分词(短语)作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产 生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况， 前面有时候可以加 thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意 料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。试比较： ◆He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 ◆I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
12/11/2021
◆Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的 主动式) 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。 ◆Having tried many times, he still couldn’t overcome his difficulties. (现在分词的主动式) 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。
12/11/2021
2．现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分
词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。 ◆ Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
12/11/2021
4．独立主格 现在分词(短语)作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，
这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况， 也可以表示时间、原因或条件。 ◆The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那些树非常高，其中一些测量为 90 多米。 ◆The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. 由于天气好，我们去散步了。
12/11/2021
【即时演练 4】——用现在分词(短语)的独立主格结构改we shall go there on foot. →__W__e_a_t_h_e_r_p_e_r_m__it_ti_n_g__, we shall go there on foot. ②After Mary came back, they discussed it together. →__M__a_r_y__co_m__i_n_g_b_a_c_k___, they discussed it together.
12/11/2021
3．现在分词的否定式：not＋v.ing; not having＋v.ed ◆Not knowing what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back. 不知道要做什么，孩子们只好等他们的父母回来。 ◆Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
12/11/2021
现在分词(短语)作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句 子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或 伴随状况。
12/11/2021
1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句) ◆Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. ＝When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上 when 或 while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
12/11/2021
2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由 as 或 because 引导的原因状语 从句) ◆Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. ＝As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school. 因为生病了，他无法去上学。 3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加 if, unless 等连词) ◆Working hard, you’ll make great progress. ＝If you work hard, you’ll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
12/11/2021
5．现在分词(短语)作评注性状语 有些现在分词(短语)在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为
句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点 等 。 例 如 ： generally speaking“ 一 般 来 说 ” ， judging by/from ...“ 从 …… 判 断 ” ， taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。 ◆Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
【即时演练 2】——单句语法填空 ①The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, __m__a_k_in_g___ (make) air conditioning unnecessary. ②____H_a_v_i_n_g_w__o_r_k_e_d____ (work) for three hours, he took a rest. ③__H__a_v_i_n_g_l_iv_e_d__ (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well. ④__S__ee_i_n_g___ (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
12/11/2021
4．作结果状语 现在分词(短语)作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗
号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 ◆The plate dropped from her hands，breaking into pieces. 盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。
12/11/2021
12/11/2021
(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用 分词的完成式。 ◆Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished 是先发生的， went 是后发生的)
12/11/2021
Unit 4 Body language
Section Ⅳ Grammar
12/11/2021
现在分词(短语)作状语
1．(教材 P26)I stood for a minute __w_a_t_c_h_i_n_g__ (watch) them and then went to greet them. 2 ． ( 教 材 P26)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in ___s_m__il_in__g__ (smile), together with George Cook from Canada.
12/11/2021
5．作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词(短语)作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发
生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动 作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。 ◆Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book. ＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
12/11/2021
现在分词(短语)作状语注意事项 1．现在分词的时态
现在分词(短语)作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现 在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。 (1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的 一般式。 ◆Walking along the street, I saw this bar. 我正在大街上行走时，看到了这个酒吧。(Walking 和谓语动词 saw 同时发生)
12/11/2021
3．(教材 P26)In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings ____u_si_n_g____ (use) unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture. 4．_____H_a_v_i_n_g__sm__o_k_e_d_____ (smoke) too much, he has suffered from lung cancer. 5．__H__e_a_r_in_g___ (hear) the news, they jumped for joy.
12/11/2021
【即时演练 3】——单句语法填空 ①_____H_a_v_i_n_g_s_p_e_n_t_____ (spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call. ② __H__a_v_i_n_g_b_e_e_n__to_l_d____ (tell) for several times, he still couldn’t understand the rules. ③___H__a_v_in__g_r_e_c_e_iv_e_d____ (receive) his reply, she rang him up. ④___H_a_v_i_n_g_b__ee_n__a_s_k_e_d__ (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
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Ⅰ 单句语法填空 1．He forgot to turn on the radio, thus__m__i_ss_i_n_g__ (miss) the program. 2．Last week, Li Ming and I, ___r_e_p_r_e_s_e_n_ti_n_g___ (represent) our school, attended a competition and won second place. 3 ． We were about to leave the office when Sam came __r_u_s_h_i_n_g__ (rush) in with a message of the talk. 4．Peter made a car __u_s_i_n_g__ (use) some parts of other old cars.