Language and literature

那位红头发的女士，微笑着，向逐渐消失 的海岸挥动着手臂。她离开了王公；离开了 全世界城乡、都市、剧院和火车站的无以计 数的短暂恋情。但是，她没有离开梅尔基奥 尔。
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
李金妹制作
Language and literature
2.1 What is ‘foregrounding’?
前景化、突出
• In a purely linguistic sense, the term ‘foregrounding’ is used to refer to new information, in contrast to elements in the sentence which form the background against which the new elements are to be understood by the listener / reader.
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Language and literature
2.2 Devices of Foregrounding
• Outside literature, language tends to be automatized; its structures and meanings are used routinely.
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Language and literature
The red-haired woman, smiling, waving to the disappearing shore. She left the maharajah; she left innumerable other lights o’ passing love in towns and cities and theatres and railway stations all over the world. But Melchior she did not leave.
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• Thus the term covers a wide area of meaning. • This may have its advantages, but may also be
problematic: which of the above meanings is intended must often be deduced from the context in which the term is used.
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• 3. Other features of stylistics include the use of dialogue, including regional accents and people’s dialects, descriptive language, the use of grammar, such as the active voice or passive voice, the distribution of sentence lengths, the use of particular language registers, etc.
Teaching Focus: general features of literary language, the language in poetry, fiction, and drama
Teaching Methods & Strategies: teacher presentation and class discussion
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• The English term ‘foregrounding’ has come to mean several things at once:
– the (psycholinguistic) processes by which - during the reading act - something may be given special prominence;
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
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Language and literature
Levels of analysis
• Sound effects • Vocabulary • Phraseology • Grammar • Implicature
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程李金妹制作languageliteraturechapterliterature第三版linguistics黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程李金妹制作language黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程李金妹制作languageliteratureteachingobjectives
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Language and literature
2. Some general features of literary language
• The 1960 dream of high rise living soon turned into a nightmare.
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
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李金妹制作
Language and literature
1. Style and Stylistics
• Style: variation in the language use of an individual, such as formal/informal style.
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• In the wider sense of stylistics, text linguistics, and literary studies, it is a translation of the Czech aktualisace (actualization), a term common with the Prague Structuralists.
– specific devices (as produced by the author) located in the text itself. It is also employed to indicate the specific poetic effect on the reader;
– an analytic category in order to evaluate literary texts, or to situate them historically, or to explain their importance and cultural significance, or to differentiate literature from other varieties of language use, such as everyday conversations or scientific reports.
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Language and literature
• Four storeys have no windows left to smash But in the fifth a chipped sill buttresses Mother and daughter the last mistresses Of that black block condemned to stand, not crash.
– In this sense it has become a spatial metaphor: that of a foreground and a background, which allows the term to be related to issues in perception psychology, such as figure / ground constellations.
Chapter 9 Langu源自ge and Literature
Teaching objectives: the learners will be better able to know some general features of literary language, the language in poetry, fiction, and drama.
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
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Teaching Procedures
1. Style and Stylistics 2. Some general features of literary language 3. The language in poetry 4. The language in fiction 5. The language in drama 6. Task
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• 1. Stylistics is the study of varieties of language whose properties position that language in context. For example, the language of advertising, politics, religion, individual authors, etc., or the language of a period in time, all belong in a particular situation. In other words, they all have ‘place’.
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Language and literature
• Stylistics “studies the features of situationally distinctive uses (varieties) of language, and tries to establish principles capable of accounting for the particular choices made by individual and social groups in their use of language.” (Crystal 1980)
Literary style: ways of writing employed in literature and by individual writers; the way the mind of the author expresses itself in words.
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外国语学院《语言学教程》
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Language and literature
• 2. Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as socialisation, the production and reception of meaning, critical discourse analysis and literary criticism.
Language and literature
Linguistics 语言学教程（第三版）
Chapter 9 Language and Literature
黄石理工学院
外国语学院《语言学教程》
李金妹制作
Language and literature
黄石理工学院
外国语学院《语言学教程》
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李金妹制作
Language and literature