【精选】高考英语一轮复习Unit4LivingPlanet学案重庆大学版必修5

Unit 4 Living Planet
一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累
二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多
三、句式——
第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．observe vt.庆祝；观察；注意到；遵守；评论
[高考佳句] Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2014·北京高考单选)
当在实验室做实验的时候，要仔细观察是否发生变化。

[一词多义] 写出下列句中observe的含义
①The players agreed to observe the spirit of fair play in all of the games.遵守
②People of many western countries observe the Christmas Day.庆祝
③The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察
that several students were asleep.注意到
④I observed
⑤She observed a man walking (walk) on the opposite of the way.
她注意到有一个人在路的对面行走。

[名师指津] observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式须带to。

⑥The thief was observed to_open (open) the window and run away.
有人发现贼打开窗户逃跑了。

2. affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭
[教材原句]Many things in nature, such as sunshine, temperature, and precipitation, affect climate.
自然界中的许多事物，如阳光、温度、降水都影响气候。

[一词多义] 写出下列句中affect的含义
①The reader was deeply affected by his novel.感动
②His left lung is affected by cancer.(疾病)侵袭
③Once he has made up his mind, nothing can affect his decision.影响
A lack of exercise will leave your body weak, easily affected (affect) by disease.
缺乏锻炼造成你的身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。

⑤She said she had affection for her hometown.
她说她对她的家乡有钟爱之情。

3．decrease vi./vt.减小；减少
[教材原句]Sunspots may decrease precipitation on the earth and cause unusually dry periods.
太阳黑子可能会减少地球上的降水，导致异常干燥的时期。

①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。

②The population in some western countries is on_the_decrease.
一些西方国家的人口在下降。

③The club's members decreased to two hundred.
该俱乐部会员减少到了200人。

[单词集成训练]
Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子) 1
．
They have a proper
(appreciate) of his great ability.
appreciation
．
2
The doctors have taped up (
) my
包扎
(swell) ankle.
swollen
3
．
(measure) 5 kilometres by 3 kilometres, has been purchased measuring
The area,
by the army.
Some criminals are likely to offend again when they
．
are
4
_
(release)
．
released ．
5
Thinking it over for a w
to
hile, she signed her name
the document.
6
．
from
The new bridge should reduce the travelling time
50 minutes to 15 minutes.
．
7
_
Relatively
speaking
相对而言
), this matter is unimportant.
_(
has
_
The number of the students in our school
decreased
8
．
_
) 1
已减少到
(
,200.
to
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．observe面面观
(1)句型转换
①The police observed the man enter the bank. (改为被动语态)
observed
_
_
→The man
was
to
the bank by the police.
enter
_
②She observed that the pond in her village was drying up.
observed
→She
drying
the pond in her village
.
up
_
(2)根据汉语提示完成片段
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，必须遵守交通规则。

如果我们看到有人正在闯红
灯，我们就要阻止他。

observe
_
_
When we attend the parade ③
to
National
Day,
_we must
_
rules
. If we ⑤
observe
traffic
_
④
observe
_
the
_
_
red
_
light,
_we
_
the
_
running
_
someone
should stop him.
2．affect多棱镜
(1)补全句子
①尽管发高烧，他仍然继续工作。

with
Affected
_
_
_
_he continued with his work.
fever,
high
②他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。

_
was
She
deeply
_
by
the news of his death.
_
affected
(2)一句多译
听众被深深地打动了，他们长时间热烈鼓掌。

were
③The audience
_and they warmly applauded for a long time.
_
deeply
affected,
_
Deeply
_
④
audience warmly applauded for a long time.
affected,
_the
(3)句型转换
⑤We want to know whether the drug affects people's health.
an
_
has
→We want to know whether the drug
effect
people's health.
_
on
_
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出highlight的词性和词义
(A)v.用强光照射；照亮(B)v.使显著，使突出；强调
(C)v.用彩笔做标记 (D)n.最重要的部分
．
His speech
1
highlighted
__
B
the need for educational reform.__
．
2
Several lit candles
highlighted
__
A
the faces.__
．
3
Her performance was the
highlight
__
D
of the show.__
I've
4
highlighted
．
the important passage in yellow.__
__
C
第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．keep ... from ... 阻止；抑制
[教材原句] They keep the polar regions from getting overly cold.
他们阻止极地地带变得过冷。

(1)keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(from不可省略)
(2)prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(from可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略)
(3)protect sb. from (doing) sth.保护某人不受某物的侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)
①It is their duty to protect their friends from the enemy.
保护朋友不受敌人的伤害是他们的责任。

②They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat (from) escaping (escape) from the earth into space.
他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。

2．be made up of 由……构成；组成
[教材原句] Unlike the Arctic in the North, which is just made up of ice, Antarctica is an actual land mass.
不像北部的北极，它只是由冰组成的，南极洲实际上是一块大陆。

be made up of＝be composed of＝consist of
由……构成；组成
make up 组成，构成；占(比例)；虚构，编造；弥补；整理；化妆
①This medical team is made up of (＝is_composed_of/consists_of) five doctors and ten nurses.
这个医疗队由五名医生，十名护士组成。

②Not only sunshine but also hard times make_up life.
生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。

句中使用了too ...to ...结构。

该结构的具体用法如下：
(1)too＋adj./adv.＋to ...表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”；它可以与not enough ...to ...或so ...that ...句式相互转换。

①The question is too difficult for him to_work_out.
这个问题太难了，他解决不了。

②He is too young to go to school.
→He is not_old_enough_to go to school.
→He is so_young_that he can't go to school.
他太小了，不能去上学。

(2)too＋adj.＋to ...表示肯定意义，其中too后主要接的是表示心情、情绪的词，如glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing等，意为“做某事太/非常……”。

③He was too eager to_know (know) the result of his examination.
他迫切想知道考试的结果。

(3)can't ...too ...表示肯定意义，意为“无论怎样……也不过分”。

④You can't_be_too_careful while crossing the street.
过马路时你再怎么小心也不过分。

[短语句型集成训练]
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
I feel strongly that each of us should play
a role
①
in
making the earth a better
place to live in.
A big tree blocked
②
out
the sunshine to my study.
③
The cost of renting a house in central Xi'an is higher than
in any other
that
area of the city.④
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it
(happen) yesterday.
happened
His parents tried to keep him
⑤
from
playing computer games, but in vain.
involved
_
If you
⑥
are
in
) an accident, you are required to remain at the
涉及
(
_
scene until the officer lets you go.
_
is
One­third of the country
⑦
covered
_
……
) trees and the
被
所覆盖
(
with
majority of the citizens are black people.
2．运用所学短语完成片段
at
_
①
I suggest you go on a diet or
(
least
) stop eating too much fat meat
至少
far
and sweets. Since your home is not
_
②
away
遥远
) from the work office, you had
(
③
In order to
better walk there every day.
carry
(
) your plan of losing
实施
out
_
in _involved _be/get ⑤) any excuses. Besides, you may 编造( up _make ④weight, don't (参与) some proper sports activities, which play an important role in ⑥
) getting too fat.
阻止你( from _you _keeping
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．be made up of 点点练
(1)介词填空
a story. up ①To cheer the little boy up, the teacher made five American people. of ②The exploring team is made up
several words put together.
of ③A sentence is composed
(2)一句多译
委员会由教授和工程师组成。

ineers.professors and eng of _composed _is ④The committee professors and engineers. of _up _made _is ⑤The committee professors and engineers.
of _consists ⑥The committee
2．too ... to 全方位
(1)句型转换
①I'm afraid I'm not wise enough to follow your argument. follow your argument. to _stupid _too →I'm afraid I'm ②You must be very careful when you do your homework. when you do your homework.
careful _too _be _can't →You
③It was too cold for us to go shopping.
we couldn't go shopping.
that _cold _so →It was
(2)一句多译
她看小说看得太专注了，没注意到老师的到来。

teache
_the _of _coming _the _notice _to _s novel _reading _in _absorbed _too _was _She ④(too ... to ...)
r.
o
_coming _the _notice _didn't _she _that _novels _reading _in _absorbed _so _was _She ⑤(so ... that ...)
teacher._the _f
[课堂练牢基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(make) up of four cool boys.
made They are a teenager band ．1 from his guards on the way to prison.
away The prisoner broke ．2
(extreme) tired when they reached White Bird
3
．
The visitors were
extremely
Canyon.
4
．
(go) into the office.
When passing by, I observed a tall man
going
．
Jimmy only played a minor role
5
the op
in
era.
Tom told his story, breaking
6
．
now and then to wipe the tears from his
off
eyes.．
7
Some animals, in order to keep themselves from
_
attacked
(attack) by
being
the enemies, go out for food at night.
．
Compared with last year, our coal output has decrease
8
by
d
20%.
．
9
I can't go out with you tonight because I have something
(urgency)
urgent
to deal with.．
10
With the government's aid, those
(affect) by the earthquake have
affected
moved to the new settlements.
Ⅱ.单句改错1．Although they graduated from the old school many years ago, they still have
affection on it.
on→for
so→too
2
．
He was an all­round genius. Nothing was so difficult for him to learn.
．
3
The climate of Guangzhou is much better than one of Lanzhou.
one→that
．
4
If I was you, I wouldn't accept her advice.
wa
s→were 5
．
of
去掉
He made up of an excuse to explain why he was late.
6．The table measured one and a half metres wide should be removed from this
room.
measured→measuring
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Jin, and I know you will come to our school as an exchange student. Though
_
far
away
) from here, you are sure to get used to living
(
遥远
here. Our school lies in Tianjin City. The number of the students in our school has increased by 30% in the past ten years. In autumn, we usually celebrate the Mid­Autumn
_
covered
_
is
with
) some snow sometimes.
所覆盖
……
被
(
People here like the food made of wheat flour. But you can easily find western fast food. I don't believe it can have an effect on your life. Lastly, it is about our
at
_
(
至
least
少) nine subjects, such as Chinese, math, English, music and so on. ①I'm afraid you will be so busy with your homework that you have no time to go sightseeing.
) some free activities with us, which 参与( in _involved _get/be I hope can not only enrich your life but build up your body.②If I were you, I wouldn't
worry about anything.
We are looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours ，
Li Jin
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分
decade (1)ten years→ observe (2)celebrate→ affect (3)have an effect on→ of
_up _made _is (4)consists of→ 2．按要求改写句式
(1)用“too ... to”句式改写句①
s
_go _to _time _any _have _to _homework _your _with _busy _too _be _will _you _afraid _I'm _ightseeing.
(2)把句②改为倒装句 anything.
_about _worry _wouldn't _I _you,_I _Were [课下练熟高考]
阅读理解提速练——练速度
(限时：20分钟)
A
(2017·江西重点中学盟校第一次联考)Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to
migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to
adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to ScienceDaily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many
of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far­reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive
earthquake. Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming
more frequent and serious. However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。

1．What is the major function of Paragraph 1?
A．To arouse the readers' concern.
B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C．To summarize the whole passage.
D．To state how climate changes.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据第一段第一句可知，最新研究数据表明，即将到来的世界气候的巨大变化将严重影响社会和环境。

而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。

故选B项。

2．What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?
A．To show major changes will take place on the planet.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
解析：选A 细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球已有发生重大变化
的迹象。

故选A项。

3．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes' effects?
A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.
C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.
D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
解析：选 C 细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that ... completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项表述错误。

故选C项。

4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句“However, other planets ... there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。

故选D项。

B
(2017·甘肃省高三第一次诊断)College is not just about studying, writing essays
and burning the midnight oil in the library. Making friends and enjoying yourself
is also necessary for the courses. Parties are social events
for students to gather and chat with each other.
Now let's follow a foreign friend to see what parties in
the US are like. Get some inspiration to have fun with your friends in your new
life. Drinking and music College parties in the US are always lacking in creativity
and full of wine and music. The basic form rarely changes —drink until you cannot anymore and play loud music at an earth­shaking volume. The re is plenty of beer
involved, and some mixed cocktails. Creativity in dress The creativity comes in how parties are dressed up. Parties often have a specific theme, like a 90s party or a sports party. At a 90s party, guests might show up dressed like once­famous celebrities. At a sports party, guests
might wear their favorite team's uniforms. Held in apartments The party is usually held in the apartment of a particular outgoing friend. Everyone will be invited, which means strangers will wander in and out of the apartment where you can get to know and make some new friends. Ugly sweater party On holidays, parties frequently take on a proper theme.
A popular theme around Christmas is the ugly sweater party. The goal is to wear
the ugliest sweater you can find, creating an atmosphere of fun. Whatever the occasion is, there will be no shortage of
booze
. If you are smart enough, you won't have so much as to lose your consciousness. Parties are always
better when you can remember them the next day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了美国大学里的派对。

大学生活不仅有挑灯夜战的苦读，还应该有社交的乐趣。

派对是交流、交友的一种方式。

5．This passage introduces ________.
A．what to wear at the US college parties
B．how much to drink at the US college parties
C．how to make friends at the US colleges
D．parties of the US colleges
解析：选D 主旨大意题。

根据第一段的最后一句和第二段的第一句“Now let's follow a foreign friend to see what parties in the US are like.”可知，本文主要介绍了美国大学里的派对，故选D项。

6．The passage is probably written for ________ in colleges.
A．the freshmen
B．the party lovers
C．the graduates
D．the excellent students
解析：选A 细节理解题。

根据第二段的第二句“Get some inspiration to have fun with your friends in your new life.”可知，本文是针对开始新的校园生活的人，也就是大一的新生，故选A项。

7．The author attaches importance to ________ at the parties in colleges.
A．creativity arising from inspiration
B．drinking to your heart's content
C．communication combined with fun
D．dressing in a fancy style
解析：选C 推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“Making friends and enjoying yourself
is also necessary for the courses.”可推知，作者认为交友和玩得开心是很必要的，故选C项。

8．What does the underlined word “booze” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Juice. B．Alcohol.
C．Food. D．Music.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。

根据最后一段的最后两句可知，作者建议在派对上不要喝太多的酒，不能失去意识，要保持清醒，由此可判断，booze是“酒”的意思，故选B项。

C
School Counseling
In our grandparents' time, it was unthinkable.In our parents' time, it was unusual and nobody spoke openly about counseling.These days, more and more schools are asking for this service and it is considered a necessity for most.Why is it? What has changed in the last fifty years to have made counseling at schools so
important?“One reason is that we expect schools to do more to protect
their pupils than we did in the past，” says school counselor,
Mike Hudson.“ Also, our society doesn't work as well as it
should.Many parents are either under pressure of work or face
the economic problems of unemployment, while children are under more and more pressure to do well at school.Many pupils feel they are pushed to their limits by
their parents and teachers.”Most school children face some kind of relationship problem at some stage with family members, teachers or other pupils, so it helps to have somebody to talk to. From the pupil's point of view, it is easier to talk to a counselor in confidence rather than a family member or teacher.This solution is less embarrassing to pupils, who are not forced to face the person that they had problems with in the first place.They can calmly talk things through without arguments. School counselors advise not only students but also their teachers and parents,
and offer other services as well, such as deciding learning disabilities or assisting parents and guardians to make the correct decisions about their children's
education. Counselors can help students with problems ranging from the most serious, like
a death in the family, to what an adult would consider really
trivi
_like an
al,
argument with a friend.
In a society that is becoming more and more stressful, this service is providing children with a supportive way to express their fear and worries.
语篇解读：本文通过分析现状，举例咨询师与学生的观点结合作者本人观点，来解释目前校园咨询流行的原因。

9．Why is school counseling becoming important?
A．Pupils are not well protected in school.
B．Parents can't help their children in learning.
C．Parents and pupils are under too much pressure.
D．The relationship between parents and schools is worse.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据第二段“‘Many parents a re either under pressure of work or face the economic problems of unemployment, while children are under more and more pressure to do well at school.’”，可知校园咨询变得更重要的原因是家长和孩子们压力过多。

10．According to the passage, school counselors ________.
A．bear high pressure themselves
B．are the guarantee of school success
C．have more responsibilities than teachers
D．are more likely to be accepted when pupils have problems
解析：选 D 细节理解题。

根据第四段“it is easier to talk to a counselor in confidence ...This solution is less embarrassing to pupils ...”可知，校园咨询师更容易在学生遇到难事的时候被学生接受。

11．The underlined word “trivial” in Paragraph 6 probably means ________.
A．unimportant B．puzzling
C．difficult D．urgent
解析：选A 词义猜测题。

根据第六段咨询师可以为学生解决多种类型的问题，从亲人离去到……如和朋友吵架。

因此trivial，指不重要的。

12．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The development of school counseling.
B．The reasons for school counseling's popularity.
C．The advantages and disadvantages of school counseling.
D．The comparison of the past and present school counseling.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。

根据全文，本文通过分析现状，举例咨询师与学生的观点结合作者本人观点，来解释目前校园咨询流行的原因。