高二英语译林版选修7学案：难句透视Unit2 Fitforlife含解析

三、难句透视
1。

If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin。

(page 18 lines 1—3）只要打开世界上任何一个药柜，你很可能就会发现阿司匹林和青霉素.
【剖析】这是一个复合句.if引导的从句做条件状语，主句是“there is a high probability”;that引导的从句做probability的同位语。

又如：Because he works so hard, there is a high probability that he will pass the la nguage exam。

因为他学习很认真，他通过这次语言考试的可能性极大。

【归纳】一个句子做同位语，叫做同位语从句；同位语从句跟在名词后，解释其具体内容；常用的
名词有idea，belief, fact, truth，hope，doubt，theory, possibility 等.
【典型例句】
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable。

你没有足够的时间去做这件工作，令人难以置信。

The news that he has been elected president of the United States was true.他当选美国总统的消息是真的。

The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.
重的物体和轻的物体以同样的速度下落,这一事实众所周知.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been
我们是否应该继续做这项实验的问题已经解决了。

2.Not only has aspirin saved many people's lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.（page 18 lines 20-21）
阿司匹林不仅能够退热止痛、挽救人们的生命，在其他方面也能起作用。

【剖析】本句中运用了not only.。

.but also，意为“不但……而且”,not only用于句首时,其后的句子要用部分倒装。

如：
Not only can he speak English，he can also write it.
他不仅能说英语、还会写。

【相关链接】
除了not only用于句首引导句子之外,下列情况也需要用部分倒装：（1)only后接副词、介词短语或状语从句时位于句首。

Only then did I realized that I was wrong。

只是到那个时候我才意识到我错了。

Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation。

只有用这种方法你才能改善你的发音。

(2）含有否定意义的副词或连词,如hardly，never，not, not only，little 等放在句首.
Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.
我一到，就有新问题要处理。

Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our
我们不但把钱丢了,还几乎送了命.
（3)把so/neither/nor放在句首,表示前一种情况同样适应于后者;其句型是：
so/neither/nor+be（助动词或情态动词）+主语
I saw the film last week，so did she。

上星期我看了这部电影，她也看了。

I have never been abroad, neither has he.
我从未出过国，他也没有过。

I am not interested in maths, neither is he。

我对数学不感兴趣，他也是。

（4)so/such。

.。

that结构中，so/such位于句首时,要用部分倒装. So frightened was he that he could not say a word。

他如此害怕以至于说不出话来。

(5)省略if的虚拟条件句，将were, had，should移至主语前；如: Should it snow, what we should do？
万一下雨，我们该怎么办?
3.However，in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning medicine，and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.(page 18 lines 24—28）
然而，在1971年,英国的史密斯和威利斯证明了阿司匹林是一种能够
稀释血液的药物。

1977年在美国进行的一项研究还表明，阿司匹林里有一种名叫ASA的化学物质能够防止中风（一种表现为大脑血管突然破裂或阻塞的疾病）。

【剖析】本句为并列句,其中第二个分句是结构复杂的复合句。

“that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke,。

are blocked"是动词showed的宾语从句，其中又含有一个以which引导的非限定性定语从句：“which is a type of.。

are blocked”。

在这个非限定性定语从句中，又包含着一个时间状语从句：“when blood vessels in the brains burst suddenly or are blocked”.“carried out in the USA”是过去分词短语,在这里作“a study”的后置定语。

【归纳】burst 意为“破裂;爆发”，如：
Water pipes often burst in cold weather.
水管在寒冷的天气经常破裂。

The dam burst because of heavy rain。

因为大雨，大堤决口了。

4。

However，it was not until World War Ⅱ that two other scientists, Howard Florey （Australian) and Ernst Chain (German—born English），managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.(page 19 lines 46-48）然而，直到第二次世界大战，另外两位科学家——澳大利亚人霍华德·弗洛里和德裔英国人恩斯特·钱恩——才设法使用新的化学技术让其得以提纯。

【剖析】本句中包含了not until结构在强调句中的运用。

又如：
It was not until midnight that I could go to sleep.
我直到半夜才得以入睡。