论说文-道理论证型英语作文.doc

论说文-道理论证型
1.什么是道理论证型道理论证型论说文是对某一观点、哲理、谚语或名言
进行
分析和论证.它与对立观点型论说文的最大区别在于前者通
常是就某一个明确的观点进行分析和论证,而后者针对两个对立的观点进行比照论证,由作者在最后说明自己的立场.这种类型的作文提纲一般为：第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的观点, 并给出自己的看
法；
第二段：详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处；
第三段：总结并给出自己的见解.
从历年真题作文的命题来看,道理论证型论说文出现频率不高,但命题比拟多变,比拟具有挑战性.从01年到11年的25套真题作文中,道理论证型的题目出现了2次,所占比例为8% o以下表格里列举了属于道理论证型议论文的真
题题目：
2.模板学习
模板一：论证观点或道理
It is well known that 提出观点.The truth of it is self-evident. No one can deny 观点的理论依据.Therefore, 证实观点的正确性.
Many examples can be found to prove 提出事实,论证观
点・Tas a typical example. People^MH-14 习惯做法.Furthermore,其他相关的
事实,It goes without saying that 该观点在日常生活中的表达. Then, 重申该观点
的正确性.There is no doubt that 得出结论.
In conclusion,总结全文,
模板二：论证谚语或引言
谚语或引言-------- a proverb full of logic, has been
generally accepted. It tells us that解释说明谚语或引言的含X.
A case in point is 正面事例.Nobody is born to be 完美或全能,a nd it could only be achieved through 谚语或弓［言的核心观点.反而事一例G sTHto ther typical example. Some students 习惯做法这种做法的负面效果,We must重申观点的正确性_____________
Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the conclusion that 得出结论. One should 重申观点—的正确性,otherwise坚持错误做法的负面效果.
3.真题演练
1〕〔2021 年12 月〕For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, H Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times .H You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
审题谋篇
较2021年6月的四级题目一一“网络购物的利弊〞,今年
12 月的题目---- "Nothing succeeds without a strong will
令人着实捉摸不透.题目竟然没有中文提纲〔写作提示〕,
这另之前准备了三段论写作的同学们郁闷不已一一当然,
这篇没有中文提纲的作文还是可以根据三段论写.
除去写作的结构不说,这篇文章的题材和内容都是相当地令人陌生,而这也表达了两点命题思路：一、2021年6 月份网络购物利弊的这篇题目过于简单, 常见,容易被押
题,因此今年的作文题目当然波动性地出现难度上升；二,
反押题精神,今年并没有考到之前大热的“酒驾平安问
题〞、“明星选秀问题〞等等.
本文的整体内容可以分为三段,中央应该围绕“where
there is a will, there is a way ,首段可以〞通过 "戒烟很简单,但是不坚持,也是不能成功的〞得出“万事都需要坚持〞,从而确定整篇文章的中央论
点.
第二段主要应聚焦于论证“意志坚决的人才能够完成伟大
的使命〞,可以通过以下几个句子,如"Life is not all
roses n; n Adversity is a good discipline."等句子来论证：坚决的意志是成功的必要阶段.此段为文章的主体段落,需要在保证文章通顺、逻辑清楚的根底上,注重语言的精彩, 可以通过复合句的使用和排比的修辞方法来到达.
第三段论证“学生也是这样,不刻苦学习,终究不会成为有用之才〞,此段可以将文章的中央议题和大学生的生活贴近,联系学生自己的日常生活,从而更具现实性和普遍性,学生也可以从中得出“学习并非坦途,需要坚持不懈的努力〞.
Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success. It can contribute a lot to one ' s success.
Although “ All roads lead to Rome 〞 , none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficuIt situation and unfortunate events with strong will can
make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize life goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.
From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last.
2〕〔2003 年1 月〕Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1.当前社会上存在许多不老实的现象
2.老实利人利己,做人应该老实
审题谋篇
从两段式提纲可以判断本次作文属于道理论证型议论文.
第一段：阐述一种社会现象并由此引出一个道理；第二段：采用原因分析法或举例法来论证观点；第三段：总结全篇,
深化主题.
It Pays to Be Honest
Along with the development of the society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that more dishonest people appear. For
example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won' t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison.
By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such people are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can reach the conclusion that anyone who is honest will be rewarded later.
In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it
is important that we should be honest.
4.模拟演练
1）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Humor. You should
write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1〕幽默的重要性
2〕幽默对身心健康及人际关系的积极作用
3〕因此
It is well-known that a sense of humor is God ' sgift to mankind. For example, a humorous person is often popular with his friends and colleagues. And it is born within everyone ' s heart. What ' s more, it has to be developed. Even humor has to be cultivated with great efforts.
However, some people haven ' trealized the benefit of humor to us in many respects. First of all, humor can help us maintain physicalas well as mental well being.
Meanwhile, it can help us live in harmony with others.
And when we have misunderstandings with others in our
work or study, humor may ease the problems more quickly than angry words or quarrels. Therefore, a sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness.
In a word, humor gives us great enjoyment to life and makes it worth living. It pays to be humorous.
2）Directions ：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Relationship Between Teacher and Students. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese ： 1〕良好的师生关系对于教和学都很重要2〕理想的师生关系要靠双方的共同努力
3〕如果出现不愉快,双方应以友好的方式解决
It is well-known that a good relationship between teacher and students is essential to teaching and learning. In the first place, teacher ' s teaching achieves the desired results. In the second place, students can do well in their studies. On both occasions, teachers and students can cooperate well with a good relationship.
Nevertheless, this ideal relationship depends on the mutual efforts of both sides. Some people find teacher and
students should try to understand each other. For one thing, students should respect their teachers and what their teachers do for them. For another, teachers should also be kind, patient and impartial to all the students.
As a matter of fact, sometimes things are not so simple; unhappy misunderstandings may arise now and then. First of all, both sides should make efforts to remove them. In addition, they can explain what they think to each other and learn to think more for other people. Therefore, if both sides treat each other in a friendly way, misunderstandings will be easily cleared up.
3）Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Please Be Punctual. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1 •不遵守时间有什么危害；
1.遵守时间是对自己和他人的尊敬,也会赢得他人的尊
敬;
2.大学生应该从自身做起.
With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, time is treasured by an increasing number of people. However,
many young people attach little importance to punctuality, which, in my opinion, will give rise to many problems.
First, you may impress other people as unreliable and dishonest. When you are late for a job interview, the boss may refuse to give you the chance since people tend to assume that if you cannot fu Ifill your promise, you have no sense of responsibility and can do nothing well. Second, others may think that you show no respect to them. If you are late for an appointment, the person you keep waiting may think that the appointment is of no importance to you and you are a person who is not considerate of other's time.
Therefore, university students should learn that punctuality is a good habit. Being punctual, you are showing respect to others and, in return, you will win others1 respect and trust.
4)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
based on the proverb
“ Children are what the mothers
are .You should write at least 150 words, and write your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.说明此谚语的含义
2.说明此现象的原因
3.谚语给予的启示
Some people say “ Children are what the mothers are. 〞 Literally it means the mothers have great influence on their children. Actually, here the mothers refer to not only mothers and fathers, but all the people surrounding us, who play very important roles in the education of the kids.
According to some researches, daily life affects kids enormously. Parents are the best teachers of their children, whose daily behavior and mind have a great effect on their kids. So it is unsurprising that children often reflect their parents like a mirror, and sometimes people even can tell who their parents are without knowing them before. It is true of teachers, friends, and the people the kids contact in daily life.
So it is important for parents to make sure that people around the kids are the ones of good qualities, such as honesty, responsibility, patience and outstanding abilities.
5)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition based on the proverb " Has te
Makes Waste 〞You. should write at least 150 words,
and write your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1.为什么说“欲速那么不达〞
2.试举例说明
“ Haste makes waste--- " aproverb full of logic, has been generally accepted. It tells us that we have to do some steady and down-to-earth work if we want to accomplish something.
A case in point is basketba 11-playing. Nobody is born to be an outstanding basketball-player, and it could only be achieved through relentless efforts and countless falls and injuries. Every Chinese was thrilled when Yao Ming was hailed in the NBA games, but who knew that difficulties and hardships he had undergone.
English study is typical of matters calling for our patience. Some students spare no efforts in finding a shortcut to English learning. However, such hasty action unexceptionally invites failure and frustration. We must enhance our overall English skills, such as speaking, listening, reading and writing, step by step and under a guidance of a detailed plan.
Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the conclusion that haste will cause a great loss. One should do everything patiently and advance step by step, otherwise he will suffer a setback.
附加练习题目
Topic 1: Wealth and Happiness
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Wealth
and Happiness. Nowadays, many people pay any price to attain greater wealth which is assumed to guarantee happiness. Please discuss the phenomenon and state your own views. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Topic 2: Ideals
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Ideals. Please comment the significance of ideals and state your own ideal. You should write at least 150 words.
Topic 3: Competition
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
ess ay entitled Competition. Please comment the significance of competition and state your own view. You should write at least 150 words.
Topic 4: Should Students Be Skeptical about What
s Taught For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Students Be Skeptical about What? s
Taught. You should write at least 150 words based on the
following outline given in Chinese.
1.中国学生在课堂上往往缺乏疑心精神
2.我认为疑心精神是一种可贵的学术精神
Topic 5: Health and Life
阅读下面的短文,然后根据要求写一篇150词左右的英语
短文.
Health and Life
As the saying goes, you don' tknow what happiness is
until you lose it, you don ' t know what health is until you are ill.
“ Health is of vital importance to life 〞 sounds like a clich 〔e 陈词滥调〕to everyone, but it is absolutely true.
The negligence of the balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and
burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. How many big plans are interrupted by bad health! Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health.
How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.
［写作内容］
1.概括短文的内容要点,该局部的字数大约30词左右；
2.就“健康与生活〞这个主题发表你的看法,至少包含以下的内容要点,该局部的字数大约120词左右：
a〕举例说明健康的重要性；
b〕你是怎样平衡健康、工作和生活的.
c〕你的忠告是什么？
［写作要求］
你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点, 也可以参
照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子.
［评分标准］
欢送干好
1.It is true that nowadays we often However, we should still value In my opinion,
2.It is generally accepted that The truth is deep and
profound. As we know,
3.It is well known that No one can deny that
4.“'2-- a proverb full accepted. It tells us that
5.Some people say
6.There is an old saying: The truth of it is self-evident. Therefore,
of logic, has been generally
“Literally, it means
It tells us that
1.My reasons can be listed as follows. Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly,
2.There are numerous examples supporting this argument. A case in
point is For another example, Moreover,
3.Many remarkable facts contribute to the argument. First of all, What s
more, Besides,
4.Many cases have proved the truth that
5.The experience/ story of sb. can illustrate the point completely.
6.The following factors may illustrate the point completely/ clearly.
重申观点,得出结论
1.There is no doubt that Therefore,
2.All mentioned above tell us that Therefore, we can reasonably
conclude that
3.It goes without saying that Therefore,
4.Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the
conclusion that
5.From what has been discussed above, we can see that is of great
importance to everyone.
常见谚语、名人名言
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
阅读使人充实,交谈使人敏捷,写作使人严谨. Everyone has to lay the foundations of his success by study and hard work.
书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟.
Live and learn.
生命不息,勤学不止.
The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant.
你学得越多,就发现自己越无知.
Learning without thought is labor lost. 学而不思那么罔.
Pain past is pleasure.
过去的痛苦即快乐.
All things are difficuIt before they are easy.
凡事必先难后易.
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
心之所愿,无事不成.
Where there is life, there is hope.
一希假设存,希望不灭.
Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness. 与其诅咒黑暗,不如燃起蜡烛.
The shortest answer is doing.
最简短的答复就是行动.
All things in their being are good for something.
天生我才必有用.
DiffieuIt circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.
困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书.
Failure is the mother of success.
失败乃成功之母.
The good seaman is known in bad weather.
惊涛骇浪,方显英雄本色.
A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step. 千里之行,始于足下.
Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.
人往高处走,水往低处流.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? (P. B. Shelley ,
British poet )
冬天来了,春天还会远吗？(英国诗人,雪莱・P・B.)
If you doubt yourself, then indeed you stand on shaky ground.(Ibsen , Norwegian dramatist ) 如果你疑心自己,那么你的立足点确实不稳固了.(挪威剧作家易卜生)
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compas s. (Davy de La Pailleterie, French Writer) 生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针. (法国作家大仲马.
A.)
The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds. (Mark Twain, American writer) 具有新想法的人在其想法实现之前是个怪人. (美国作家
马克吐温)
The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. (Franklin Roosevelt, American president) 实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑. (美国总统罗
斯福.F.)
Towering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored. -
Lincoln 卓越的天才不屑走旁人走过的路.他寻找迄今未开拓的地区.--林肯
There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power. -- Balzac 没有伟大的意志力,便没有雄才大概. -巴尔扎克
Fear not that the life shall come to an end, but rather fear that it shall never have a beginning. Newman 不要害怕你的生活将要结束,应该担忧你的生活永远不会真正开始.-纽曼
An aim in life is the only fortune worth finding. -- Robert Louis Stevenson 生活的目标,是唯一值得寻找的财富. -史蒂文森
Try not to become a man of successbut rather try to become a man of value. -- A. Einstein 不要为成功而努力,要为做一个有价值的人而努力. -
爱因斯坦
You have to believe in yourself. Thafs the secret of success. — Charles Chaplin 人必须有自信,这是成功的秘密. -卓别林
We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. -- Mattin Luther King
我们必须接受失望,由于它是有限的,但千万不可失去希望,由于它是无穷的. --马丁？路德？金
Energy and persistence conquer all things. -- Benjamin Franklin 能量加毅力可以征服一切. -富兰克林
Cease to struggle and you cease to live. -- Thomas Carlyle 生命不止,奋斗不息. -卡莱尔
He who seize the right moment, is the right man.-- Goethe 谁把握机遇,谁就心想事成. -歌德
Victory won't come to me unless I go to it. -- M. Moore 胜利是不会向我们走来的,我必须自己走向胜利. --穆
尔
A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else. - J. Burroughs 一个人可以失败很屡次,但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人, 他还不是一个失败者. --巴勒斯。