应用统计学课件 7-2 t分布临界值与分布图绘制
t分布表精确完整图
t分布在概率论和统计学中,t-分布(t-distribution)用于根据小样本来估计呈正态分布且方差未知的总体的均值。
如果总体方差已知(例如在样本数量足够多时),则应该用正态分布来估计总体均值。
t分布曲线形态与n(确切地说与自由度df)大小有关。
与标准正态分布曲线相比,自由度df越小,t分布曲线愈平坦,曲线中间愈低,曲线双侧尾部翘得愈高;自由度df 愈大,t分布曲线愈接近正态分布曲线,当自由度df=∞时,t分布曲线为标准正态分布曲线。
设随机变量T ∼ t n, 则其密度函数为:t n(x)=Γ(n+12)Γ(n2)√nπ(1+x2)−n+12,−∞<x<∞该密度函数的图形如下:t分布表如下:n | α0.250.10 0.050.0250.010.005 1 1.0000 3.0777 6.3138 12.7062 31.8205 63.6567 20.8165 1.8856 2.9200 4.3027 6.9646 9.9248 30.7649 1.6377 2.3534 3.1824 4.5407 5.8409 40.7407 1.5332 2.1318 2.7764 3.7469 4.6041 50.7267 1.4759 2.0150 2.5706 3.3649 4.0321 60.7176 1.4398 1.9432 2.4469 3.1427 3.7074 70.7111 1.4149 1.8946 2.3646 2.9980 3.4995 80.7064 1.3968 1.8595 2.3060 2.8965 3.3554 90.7027 1.3830 1.8331 2.2622 2.8214 3.2498 100.6998 1.3722 1.8125 2.2281 2.7638 3.1693 110.6974 1.3634 1.7959 2.2010 2.7181 3.1058 120.6955 1.3562 1.7823 2.1788 2.6810 3.0545 130.6938 1.3502 1.7709 2.1604 2.6503 3.0123 140.6924 1.3450 1.7613 2.1448 2.6245 2.9768 150.6912 1.3406 1.7531 2.1314 2.6025 2.9467160.6901 1.3368 1.7459 2.1199 2.5835 2.9208 170.6892 1.3334 1.7396 2.1098 2.5669 2.8982 180.6884 1.3304 1.7341 2.1009 2.5524 2.8784 190.6876 1.3277 1.7291 2.0930 2.5395 2.8609 200.6870 1.3253 1.7247 2.0860 2.5280 2.8453 210.6864 1.3232 1.7207 2.0796 2.5176 2.8314 220.6858 1.3212 1.7171 2.0739 2.5083 2.8188 230.6853 1.3195 1.7139 2.0687 2.4999 2.8073 240.6848 1.3178 1.7109 2.0639 2.4922 2.7969 250.6844 1.3163 1.7081 2.0595 2.4851 2.7874 260.6840 1.3150 1.7056 2.0555 2.4786 2.7787 270.6837 1.3137 1.7033 2.0518 2.4727 2.7707 280.6834 1.3125 1.7011 2.0484 2.4671 2.7633 290.6830 1.3114 1.6991 2.0452 2.4620 2.7564 300.6828 1.3104 1.6973 2.0423 2.4573 2.7500 310.6825 1.3095 1.6955 2.0395 2.4528 2.7440 320.6822 1.3086 1.6939 2.0369 2.4487 2.7385 330.6820 1.3077 1.6924 2.0345 2.4448 2.7333 340.6818 1.3070 1.6909 2.0322 2.4411 2.7284 350.6816 1.3062 1.6896 2.0301 2.4377 2.7238 360.6814 1.3055 1.6883 2.0281 2.4345 2.7195 370.6812 1.3049 1.6871 2.0262 2.4314 2.7154 380.6810 1.3042 1.6860 2.0244 2.4286 2.7116 390.6808 1.3036 1.6849 2.0227 2.4258 2.7079 400.6807 1.3031 1.6839 2.0211 2.4233 2.7045 410.6805 1.3025 1.6829 2.0195 2.4208 2.7012 420.6804 1.3020 1.6820 2.0181 2.4185 2.6981 430.6802 1.3016 1.6811 2.0167 2.4163 2.6951 440.6801 1.3011 1.6802 2.0154 2.4141 2.6923 450.6800 1.3006 1.6794 2.0141 2.4121 2.6896 460.6799 1.3002 1.6787 2.0129 2.4102 2.6870 470.6797 1.2998 1.6779 2.0117 2.4083 2.6846 480.6796 1.2994 1.6772 2.0106 2.4066 2.6822 490.6795 1.2991 1.6766 2.0096 2.4049 2.6800 500.6794 1.2987 1.6759 2.0086 2.4033 2.6778 510.6793 1.2984 1.6753 2.0076 2.4017 2.6757 520.6792 1.2980 1.6747 2.0066 2.4002 2.6737 530.6791 1.2977 1.6741 2.0057 2.3988 2.6718 540.6791 1.2974 1.6736 2.0049 2.3974 2.6700 550.6790 1.2971 1.6730 2.0040 2.3961 2.6682 560.6789 1.2969 1.6725 2.0032 2.3948 2.6665 570.6788 1.2966 1.6720 2.0025 2.3936 2.6649 580.6787 1.2963 1.6716 2.0017 2.3924 2.6633 590.6787 1.2961 1.6711 2.0010 2.3912 2.6618600.6786 1.2958 1.6706 2.0003 2.3901 2.6603 610.6785 1.2956 1.6702 1.9996 2.3890 2.6589 620.6785 1.2954 1.6698 1.9990 2.3880 2.6575 630.6784 1.2951 1.6694 1.9983 2.3870 2.6561 640.6783 1.2949 1.6690 1.9977 2.3860 2.6549 650.6783 1.2947 1.6686 1.9971 2.3851 2.6536 660.6782 1.2945 1.6683 1.9966 2.3842 2.6524 670.6782 1.2943 1.6679 1.9960 2.3833 2.6512 680.6781 1.2941 1.6676 1.9955 2.3824 2.6501 690.6781 1.2939 1.6672 1.9949 2.3816 2.6490 700.6780 1.2938 1.6669 1.9944 2.3808 2.6479 710.6780 1.2936 1.6666 1.9939 2.3800 2.6469 720.6779 1.2934 1.6663 1.9935 2.3793 2.6459 730.6779 1.2933 1.6660 1.9930 2.3785 2.6449 740.6778 1.2931 1.6657 1.9925 2.3778 2.6439 750.6778 1.2929 1.6654 1.9921 2.3771 2.6430 760.6777 1.2928 1.6652 1.9917 2.3764 2.6421 770.6777 1.2926 1.6649 1.9913 2.3758 2.6412 780.6776 1.2925 1.6646 1.9908 2.3751 2.6403 790.6776 1.2924 1.6644 1.9905 2.3745 2.6395 800.6776 1.2922 1.6641 1.9901 2.3739 2.6387 810.6775 1.2921 1.6639 1.9897 2.3733 2.6379 820.6775 1.2920 1.6636 1.9893 2.3727 2.6371 830.6775 1.2918 1.6634 1.9890 2.3721 2.6364 840.6774 1.2917 1.6632 1.9886 2.3716 2.6356 850.6774 1.2916 1.6630 1.9883 2.3710 2.6349 860.6774 1.2915 1.6628 1.9879 2.3705 2.6342 870.6773 1.2914 1.6626 1.9876 2.3700 2.6335 880.6773 1.2912 1.6624 1.9873 2.3695 2.6329 890.6773 1.2911 1.6622 1.9870 2.3690 2.6322 900.6772 1.2910 1.6620 1.9867 2.3685 2.6316 910.6772 1.2909 1.6618 1.9864 2.3680 2.6309 920.6772 1.2908 1.6616 1.9861 2.3676 2.6303 930.6771 1.2907 1.6614 1.9858 2.3671 2.6297 940.6771 1.2906 1.6612 1.9855 2.3667 2.6291 950.6771 1.2905 1.6611 1.9853 2.3662 2.6286 960.6771 1.2904 1.6609 1.9850 2.3658 2.6280 970.6770 1.2903 1.6607 1.9847 2.3654 2.6275 980.6770 1.2902 1.6606 1.9845 2.3650 2.6269 990.6770 1.2902 1.6604 1.9842 2.3646 2.6264 1000.6770 1.2901 1.6602 1.9840 2.3642 2.6259 1010.6769 1.2900 1.6601 1.9837 2.3638 2.6254 1020.6769 1.2899 1.6599 1.9835 2.3635 2.6249 1030.6769 1.2898 1.6598 1.9833 2.3631 2.62441040.6769 1.2897 1.6596 1.9830 2.3627 2.6239 1050.6768 1.2897 1.6595 1.9828 2.3624 2.6235 1060.6768 1.2896 1.6594 1.9826 2.3620 2.6230 1070.6768 1.2895 1.6592 1.9824 2.3617 2.6226 1080.6768 1.2894 1.6591 1.9822 2.3614 2.6221 1090.6767 1.2894 1.6590 1.9820 2.3610 2.6217 1100.6767 1.2893 1.6588 1.9818 2.3607 2.6213 1110.6767 1.2892 1.6587 1.9816 2.3604 2.6208 1120.6767 1.2892 1.6586 1.9814 2.3601 2.6204 1130.6767 1.2891 1.6585 1.9812 2.3598 2.6200 1140.6766 1.2890 1.6583 1.9810 2.3595 2.6196 1150.6766 1.2890 1.6582 1.9808 2.3592 2.6193 1160.6766 1.2889 1.6581 1.9806 2.3589 2.6189 1170.6766 1.2888 1.6580 1.9804 2.3586 2.6185 1180.6766 1.2888 1.6579 1.9803 2.3584 2.6181 1190.6766 1.2887 1.6578 1.9801 2.3581 2.6178 1200.6765 1.2886 1.6577 1.9799 2.3578 2.6174 1210.6765 1.2886 1.6575 1.9798 2.3576 2.6171 1220.6765 1.2885 1.6574 1.9796 2.3573 2.6167 1230.6765 1.2885 1.6573 1.9794 2.3570 2.6164 1240.6765 1.2884 1.6572 1.9793 2.3568 2.6161 1250.6765 1.2884 1.6571 1.9791 2.3565 2.6157 1260.6764 1.2883 1.6570 1.9790 2.3563 2.6154 1270.6764 1.2883 1.6569 1.9788 2.3561 2.6151 1280.6764 1.2882 1.6568 1.9787 2.3558 2.6148 1290.6764 1.2881 1.6568 1.9785 2.3556 2.6145 1300.6764 1.2881 1.6567 1.9784 2.3554 2.6142 1310.6764 1.2880 1.6566 1.9782 2.3552 2.6139 1320.6764 1.2880 1.6565 1.9781 2.3549 2.6136 1330.6763 1.2879 1.6564 1.9780 2.3547 2.6133 1340.6763 1.2879 1.6563 1.9778 2.3545 2.6130 1350.6763 1.2879 1.6562 1.9777 2.3543 2.6127 1360.6763 1.2878 1.6561 1.9776 2.3541 2.6125 1370.6763 1.2878 1.6561 1.9774 2.3539 2.6122 1380.6763 1.2877 1.6560 1.9773 2.3537 2.6119 1390.6763 1.2877 1.6559 1.9772 2.3535 2.6117 1400.6762 1.2876 1.6558 1.9771 2.3533 2.6114 1410.6762 1.2876 1.6557 1.9769 2.3531 2.6111 1420.6762 1.2875 1.6557 1.9768 2.3529 2.6109 1430.6762 1.2875 1.6556 1.9767 2.3527 2.6106 1440.6762 1.2875 1.6555 1.9766 2.3525 2.6104 1450.6762 1.2874 1.6554 1.9765 2.3523 2.6102 1460.6762 1.2874 1.6554 1.9763 2.3522 2.6099 1470.6762 1.2873 1.6553 1.9762 2.3520 2.60971480.6762 1.2873 1.6552 1.9761 2.3518 2.6095 1490.6761 1.2873 1.6551 1.9760 2.3516 2.6092 1500.6761 1.2872 1.6551 1.9759 2.3515 2.6090 1510.6761 1.2872 1.6550 1.9758 2.3513 2.6088 1520.6761 1.2871 1.6549 1.9757 2.3511 2.6086 1530.6761 1.2871 1.6549 1.9756 2.3510 2.6083 1540.6761 1.2871 1.6548 1.9755 2.3508 2.6081 1550.6761 1.2870 1.6547 1.9754 2.3506 2.6079 1560.6761 1.2870 1.6547 1.9753 2.3505 2.6077 1570.6761 1.2870 1.6546 1.9752 2.3503 2.6075 1580.6760 1.2869 1.6546 1.9751 2.3502 2.6073 1590.6760 1.2869 1.6545 1.9750 2.3500 2.6071 1600.6760 1.2869 1.6544 1.9749 2.3499 2.6069 1610.6760 1.2868 1.6544 1.9748 2.3497 2.6067 1620.6760 1.2868 1.6543 1.9747 2.3496 2.6065 1630.6760 1.2868 1.6543 1.9746 2.3494 2.6063 1640.6760 1.2867 1.6542 1.9745 2.3493 2.6061 1650.6760 1.2867 1.6541 1.9744 2.3492 2.6060 1660.6760 1.2867 1.6541 1.9744 2.3490 2.6058 1670.6760 1.2866 1.6540 1.9743 2.3489 2.6056 1680.6760 1.2866 1.6540 1.9742 2.3487 2.6054 1690.6759 1.2866 1.6539 1.9741 2.3486 2.6052 1700.6759 1.2866 1.6539 1.9740 2.3485 2.6051 1710.6759 1.2865 1.6538 1.9739 2.3484 2.6049 1720.6759 1.2865 1.6538 1.9739 2.3482 2.6047 1730.6759 1.2865 1.6537 1.9738 2.3481 2.6045 1740.6759 1.2864 1.6537 1.9737 2.3480 2.6044 1750.6759 1.2864 1.6536 1.9736 2.3478 2.6042 1760.6759 1.2864 1.6536 1.9735 2.3477 2.6041 1770.6759 1.2864 1.6535 1.9735 2.3476 2.6039 1780.6759 1.2863 1.6535 1.9734 2.3475 2.6037 1790.6759 1.2863 1.6534 1.9733 2.3474 2.6036 1800.6759 1.2863 1.6534 1.9732 2.3472 2.6034 1810.6758 1.2862 1.6533 1.9732 2.3471 2.6033 1820.6758 1.2862 1.6533 1.9731 2.3470 2.6031 1830.6758 1.2862 1.6532 1.9730 2.3469 2.6030 1840.6758 1.2862 1.6532 1.9729 2.3468 2.6028 1850.6758 1.2861 1.6531 1.9729 2.3467 2.6027 1860.6758 1.2861 1.6531 1.9728 2.3466 2.6025 1870.6758 1.2861 1.6530 1.9727 2.3465 2.6024 1880.6758 1.2861 1.6530 1.9727 2.3463 2.6022 1890.6758 1.2860 1.6530 1.9726 2.3462 2.6021 1900.6758 1.2860 1.6529 1.9725 2.3461 2.6020 1910.6758 1.2860 1.6529 1.9725 2.3460 2.60181920.6758 1.2860 1.6528 1.9724 2.3459 2.6017 1930.6758 1.2860 1.6528 1.9723 2.3458 2.6015 1940.6758 1.2859 1.6527 1.9723 2.3457 2.6014 1950.6757 1.2859 1.6527 1.9722 2.3456 2.6013 1960.6757 1.2859 1.6527 1.9721 2.3455 2.6011 1970.6757 1.2859 1.6526 1.9721 2.3454 2.6010 1980.6757 1.2858 1.6526 1.9720 2.3453 2.6009 1990.6757 1.2858 1.6525 1.9720 2.3452 2.6008 2000.6757 1.2858 1.6525 1.9719 2.3451 2.6006 2010.6757 1.2858 1.6525 1.9718 2.3450 2.6005 2020.6757 1.2858 1.6524 1.9718 2.3449 2.6004 2030.6757 1.2857 1.6524 1.9717 2.3449 2.6003 2040.6757 1.2857 1.6524 1.9717 2.3448 2.6001 2050.6757 1.2857 1.6523 1.9716 2.3447 2.6000 2060.6757 1.2857 1.6523 1.9715 2.3446 2.5999 2070.6757 1.2857 1.6522 1.9715 2.3445 2.5998 2080.6757 1.2856 1.6522 1.9714 2.3444 2.5997 2090.6757 1.2856 1.6522 1.9714 2.3443 2.5996 2100.6757 1.2856 1.6521 1.9713 2.3442 2.5994 2110.6757 1.2856 1.6521 1.9713 2.3442 2.5993 2120.6756 1.2856 1.6521 1.9712 2.3441 2.5992 2130.6756 1.2855 1.6520 1.9712 2.3440 2.5991 2140.6756 1.2855 1.6520 1.9711 2.3439 2.5990 2150.6756 1.2855 1.6520 1.9711 2.3438 2.5989 2160.6756 1.2855 1.6519 1.9710 2.3437 2.5988 2170.6756 1.2855 1.6519 1.9710 2.3437 2.5987 2180.6756 1.2854 1.6519 1.9709 2.3436 2.5986 2190.6756 1.2854 1.6518 1.9709 2.3435 2.5985 2200.6756 1.2854 1.6518 1.9708 2.3434 2.5984 2210.6756 1.2854 1.6518 1.9708 2.3433 2.5983 2220.6756 1.2854 1.6517 1.9707 2.3433 2.5982 2230.6756 1.2854 1.6517 1.9707 2.3432 2.5981 2240.6756 1.2853 1.6517 1.9706 2.3431 2.5980 2250.6756 1.2853 1.6517 1.9706 2.3430 2.5979 2260.6756 1.2853 1.6516 1.9705 2.3430 2.5978 2270.6756 1.2853 1.6516 1.9705 2.3429 2.5977 2280.6756 1.2853 1.6516 1.9704 2.3428 2.5976 2290.6756 1.2853 1.6515 1.9704 2.3427 2.5975 2300.6756 1.2852 1.6515 1.9703 2.3427 2.5974 2310.6756 1.2852 1.6515 1.9703 2.3426 2.5973 2320.6755 1.2852 1.6514 1.9702 2.3425 2.5972 2330.6755 1.2852 1.6514 1.9702 2.3425 2.5971 2340.6755 1.2852 1.6514 1.9702 2.3424 2.5970 2350.6755 1.2852 1.6514 1.9701 2.3423 2.59692360.6755 1.2851 1.6513 1.9701 2.3423 2.5968 2370.6755 1.2851 1.6513 1.9700 2.3422 2.5967 2380.6755 1.2851 1.6513 1.9700 2.3421 2.5966 2390.6755 1.2851 1.6513 1.9699 2.3421 2.5966 2400.6755 1.2851 1.6512 1.9699 2.3420 2.5965 2410.6755 1.2851 1.6512 1.9699 2.3419 2.5964 2420.6755 1.2851 1.6512 1.9698 2.3419 2.5963 2430.6755 1.2850 1.6511 1.9698 2.3418 2.5962 2440.6755 1.2850 1.6511 1.9697 2.3417 2.5961 2450.6755 1.2850 1.6511 1.9697 2.3417 2.5960 2460.6755 1.2850 1.6511 1.9697 2.3416 2.5960 2470.6755 1.2850 1.6510 1.9696 2.3415 2.5959 2480.6755 1.2850 1.6510 1.9696 2.3415 2.5958 2490.6755 1.2850 1.6510 1.9695 2.3414 2.5957 2500.6755 1.2849 1.6510 1.9695 2.3414 2.5956 2510.6755 1.2849 1.6509 1.9695 2.3413 2.5956 2520.6755 1.2849 1.6509 1.9694 2.3412 2.5955 2530.6755 1.2849 1.6509 1.9694 2.3412 2.5954 2540.6755 1.2849 1.6509 1.9693 2.3411 2.5953 2550.6755 1.2849 1.6509 1.9693 2.3411 2.5952 2560.6754 1.2849 1.6508 1.9693 2.3410 2.5952 2570.6754 1.2849 1.6508 1.9692 2.3409 2.5951 2580.6754 1.2848 1.6508 1.9692 2.3409 2.5950 2590.6754 1.2848 1.6508 1.9692 2.3408 2.5949 2600.6754 1.2848 1.6507 1.9691 2.3408 2.5949 2610.6754 1.2848 1.6507 1.9691 2.3407 2.5948 2620.6754 1.2848 1.6507 1.9691 2.3407 2.5947 2630.6754 1.2848 1.6507 1.9690 2.3406 2.5947 2640.6754 1.2848 1.6506 1.9690 2.3406 2.5946 2650.6754 1.2848 1.6506 1.9690 2.3405 2.5945 2660.6754 1.2847 1.6506 1.9689 2.3404 2.5944 2670.6754 1.2847 1.6506 1.9689 2.3404 2.5944 2680.6754 1.2847 1.6506 1.9689 2.3403 2.5943 2690.6754 1.2847 1.6505 1.9688 2.3403 2.5942 2700.6754 1.2847 1.6505 1.9688 2.3402 2.5942 2710.6754 1.2847 1.6505 1.9688 2.3402 2.5941 2720.6754 1.2847 1.6505 1.9687 2.3401 2.5940 2730.6754 1.2847 1.6505 1.9687 2.3401 2.5940 2740.6754 1.2846 1.6504 1.9687 2.3400 2.5939 2750.6754 1.2846 1.6504 1.9686 2.3400 2.5938 2760.6754 1.2846 1.6504 1.9686 2.3399 2.5938 2770.6754 1.2846 1.6504 1.9686 2.3399 2.5937 2780.6754 1.2846 1.6504 1.9685 2.3398 2.5936 2790.6754 1.2846 1.6503 1.9685 2.3398 2.59362800.6754 1.2846 1.6503 1.9685 2.3397 2.5935 2810.6754 1.2846 1.6503 1.9684 2.3397 2.5934 2820.6754 1.2846 1.6503 1.9684 2.3396 2.5934 2830.6754 1.2846 1.6503 1.9684 2.3396 2.5933 2840.6754 1.2845 1.6502 1.9684 2.3395 2.5933 2850.6754 1.2845 1.6502 1.9683 2.3395 2.5932 2860.6753 1.2845 1.6502 1.9683 2.3395 2.5931 2870.6753 1.2845 1.6502 1.9683 2.3394 2.5931 2880.6753 1.2845 1.6502 1.9682 2.3394 2.5930 2890.6753 1.2845 1.6501 1.9682 2.3393 2.5929 2900.6753 1.2845 1.6501 1.9682 2.3393 2.5929 2910.6753 1.2845 1.6501 1.9681 2.3392 2.5928 2920.6753 1.2845 1.6501 1.9681 2.3392 2.5928 2930.6753 1.2844 1.6501 1.9681 2.3391 2.5927 2940.6753 1.2844 1.6501 1.9681 2.3391 2.5927 2950.6753 1.2844 1.6500 1.9680 2.3391 2.5926 2960.6753 1.2844 1.6500 1.9680 2.3390 2.5925 2970.6753 1.2844 1.6500 1.9680 2.3390 2.5925 2980.6753 1.2844 1.6500 1.9680 2.3389 2.5924 2990.6753 1.2844 1.6500 1.9679 2.3389 2.5924 3000.6753 1.2844 1.6499 1.9679 2.3388 2.5923 3010.6753 1.2844 1.6499 1.9679 2.3388 2.5923 3020.6753 1.2844 1.6499 1.9679 2.3388 2.5922 3030.6753 1.2844 1.6499 1.9678 2.3387 2.5922 3040.6753 1.2843 1.6499 1.9678 2.3387 2.5921 3050.6753 1.2843 1.6499 1.9678 2.3386 2.5920 3060.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9677 2.3386 2.5920 3070.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9677 2.3386 2.5919 3080.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9677 2.3385 2.5919 3090.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9677 2.3385 2.5918 3100.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9676 2.3384 2.5918 3110.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9676 2.3384 2.5917 3120.6753 1.2843 1.6498 1.9676 2.3384 2.5917 3130.6753 1.2843 1.6497 1.9676 2.3383 2.5916 3140.6753 1.2843 1.6497 1.9675 2.3383 2.5916 3150.6753 1.2842 1.6497 1.9675 2.3382 2.5915 3160.6753 1.2842 1.6497 1.9675 2.3382 2.5915 3170.6753 1.2842 1.6497 1.9675 2.3382 2.5914 3180.6753 1.2842 1.6497 1.9675 2.3381 2.5914 3190.6753 1.2842 1.6496 1.9674 2.3381 2.5913 3200.6753 1.2842 1.6496 1.9674 2.3381 2.5913 3210.6753 1.2842 1.6496 1.9674 2.3380 2.5912 3220.6753 1.2842 1.6496 1.9674 2.3380 2.5912 3230.6753 1.2842 1.6496 1.9673 2.3379 2.59113240.6752 1.2842 1.6496 1.9673 2.3379 2.5911 3250.6752 1.2842 1.6496 1.9673 2.3379 2.5910 3260.6752 1.2842 1.6495 1.9673 2.3378 2.5910 3270.6752 1.2841 1.6495 1.9672 2.3378 2.5909 3280.6752 1.2841 1.6495 1.9672 2.3378 2.5909 3290.6752 1.2841 1.6495 1.9672 2.3377 2.5909 3300.6752 1.2841 1.6495 1.9672 2.3377 2.5908 3310.6752 1.2841 1.6495 1.9672 2.3377 2.5908 3320.6752 1.2841 1.6495 1.9671 2.3376 2.5907 3330.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9671 2.3376 2.5907 3340.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9671 2.3376 2.5906 3350.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9671 2.3375 2.5906 3360.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9670 2.3375 2.5905 3370.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9670 2.3375 2.5905 3380.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9670 2.3374 2.5905 3390.6752 1.2841 1.6494 1.9670 2.3374 2.5904 3400.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9670 2.3374 2.5904 3410.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9669 2.3373 2.5903 3420.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9669 2.3373 2.5903 3430.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9669 2.3373 2.5902 3440.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9669 2.3372 2.5902 3450.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9669 2.3372 2.5902 3460.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9668 2.3372 2.5901 3470.6752 1.2840 1.6493 1.9668 2.3371 2.5901 3480.6752 1.2840 1.6492 1.9668 2.3371 2.5900 3490.6752 1.2840 1.6492 1.9668 2.3371 2.5900 3500.6752 1.2840 1.6492 1.9668 2.3370 2.5899 3510.6752 1.2840 1.6492 1.9667 2.3370 2.5899 3520.6752 1.2840 1.6492 1.9667 2.3370 2.5899 3530.6752 1.2840 1.6492 1.9667 2.3370 2.5898 3540.6752 1.2839 1.6492 1.9667 2.3369 2.5898 3550.6752 1.2839 1.6492 1.9667 2.3369 2.5897 3560.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9666 2.3369 2.5897 3570.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9666 2.3368 2.5897 3580.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9666 2.3368 2.5896 3590.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9666 2.3368 2.5896 3600.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9666 2.3368 2.5896 3610.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9666 2.3367 2.5895 3620.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9665 2.3367 2.5895 3630.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9665 2.3367 2.5894 3640.6752 1.2839 1.6491 1.9665 2.3366 2.5894 3650.6752 1.2839 1.6490 1.9665 2.3366 2.5894 3660.6752 1.2839 1.6490 1.9665 2.3366 2.5893 3670.6752 1.2839 1.6490 1.9664 2.3366 2.58933680.6752 1.2839 1.6490 1.9664 2.3365 2.5893 3690.6752 1.2839 1.6490 1.9664 2.3365 2.5892 3700.6752 1.2838 1.6490 1.9664 2.3365 2.5892 3710.6752 1.2838 1.6490 1.9664 2.3364 2.5891 3720.6751 1.2838 1.6490 1.9664 2.3364 2.5891 3730.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9663 2.3364 2.5891 3740.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9663 2.3364 2.5890 3750.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9663 2.3363 2.5890 3760.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9663 2.3363 2.5890 3770.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9663 2.3363 2.5889 3780.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9663 2.3363 2.5889 3790.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9662 2.3362 2.5889 3800.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9662 2.3362 2.5888 3810.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9662 2.3362 2.5888 3820.6751 1.2838 1.6489 1.9662 2.3361 2.5888 3830.6751 1.2838 1.6488 1.9662 2.3361 2.5887 3840.6751 1.2838 1.6488 1.9662 2.3361 2.5887 3850.6751 1.2838 1.6488 1.9661 2.3361 2.5887 3860.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9661 2.3360 2.5886 3870.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9661 2.3360 2.5886 3880.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9661 2.3360 2.5886 3890.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9661 2.3360 2.5885 3900.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9661 2.3359 2.5885 3910.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9660 2.3359 2.5885 3920.6751 1.2837 1.6488 1.9660 2.3359 2.5884 3930.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9660 2.3359 2.5884 3940.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9660 2.3358 2.5884 3950.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9660 2.3358 2.5883 3960.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9660 2.3358 2.5883 3970.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9660 2.3358 2.5883 3980.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9659 2.3358 2.5882 3990.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9659 2.3357 2.5882 4000.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9659 2.3357 2.5882 4010.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9659 2.3357 2.5881 4020.6751 1.2837 1.6487 1.9659 2.3357 2.5881 4030.6751 1.2837 1.6486 1.9659 2.3356 2.5881 4040.6751 1.2837 1.6486 1.9659 2.3356 2.5881 4050.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3356 2.5880 4060.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3356 2.5880 4070.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3355 2.5880 4080.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3355 2.5879 4090.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3355 2.5879 4100.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3355 2.5879 4110.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9658 2.3355 2.58784130.6751 1.2836 1.6486 1.9657 2.3354 2.5878 4140.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9657 2.3354 2.5878 4150.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9657 2.3354 2.5877 4160.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9657 2.3353 2.5877 4170.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9657 2.3353 2.5877 4180.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9657 2.3353 2.5876 4190.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9656 2.3353 2.5876 4200.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9656 2.3353 2.5876 4210.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9656 2.3352 2.5876 4220.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9656 2.3352 2.5875 4230.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9656 2.3352 2.5875 4240.6751 1.2836 1.6485 1.9656 2.3352 2.5875 4250.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9656 2.3352 2.5874 4260.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3351 2.5874 4270.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3351 2.5874 4280.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3351 2.5874 4290.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3351 2.5873 4300.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3351 2.5873 4310.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3350 2.5873 4320.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3350 2.5873 4330.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9655 2.3350 2.5872 4340.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9654 2.3350 2.5872 4350.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9654 2.3350 2.5872 4360.6751 1.2835 1.6484 1.9654 2.3349 2.5872 4370.6751 1.2835 1.6483 1.9654 2.3349 2.5871 4380.6751 1.2835 1.6483 1.9654 2.3349 2.5871 4390.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9654 2.3349 2.5871 4400.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9654 2.3349 2.5870 4410.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9654 2.3348 2.5870 4420.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9653 2.3348 2.5870 4430.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9653 2.3348 2.5870 4440.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9653 2.3348 2.5869 4450.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9653 2.3348 2.5869 4460.6750 1.2835 1.6483 1.9653 2.3347 2.5869 4470.6750 1.2834 1.6483 1.9653 2.3347 2.5869 4480.6750 1.2834 1.6483 1.9653 2.3347 2.5868 4490.6750 1.2834 1.6483 1.9653 2.3347 2.5868 4500.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3347 2.5868 4510.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3346 2.5868 4520.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3346 2.5867 4530.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3346 2.5867 4540.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3346 2.5867 4550.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3346 2.58674570.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3345 2.5866 4580.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9652 2.3345 2.5866 4590.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9651 2.3345 2.5866 4600.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9651 2.3345 2.5866 4610.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9651 2.3345 2.5865 4620.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9651 2.3344 2.5865 4630.6750 1.2834 1.6482 1.9651 2.3344 2.5865 4640.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9651 2.3344 2.5865 4650.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9651 2.3344 2.5864 4660.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9651 2.3344 2.5864 4670.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9651 2.3344 2.5864 4680.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9650 2.3343 2.5864 4690.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9650 2.3343 2.5864 4700.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9650 2.3343 2.5863 4710.6750 1.2834 1.6481 1.9650 2.3343 2.5863 4720.6750 1.2833 1.6481 1.9650 2.3343 2.5863 4730.6750 1.2833 1.6481 1.9650 2.3343 2.5863 4740.6750 1.2833 1.6481 1.9650 2.3342 2.5862 4750.6750 1.2833 1.6481 1.9650 2.3342 2.5862 4760.6750 1.2833 1.6481 1.9650 2.3342 2.5862 4770.6750 1.2833 1.6481 1.9649 2.3342 2.5862 4780.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3342 2.5862 4790.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3342 2.5861 4800.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3341 2.5861 4810.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3341 2.5861 4820.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3341 2.5861 4830.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3341 2.5860 4840.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3341 2.5860 4850.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3341 2.5860 4860.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9649 2.3340 2.5860 4870.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3340 2.5860 4880.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3340 2.5859 4890.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3340 2.5859 4900.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3340 2.5859 4910.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3340 2.5859 4920.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3340 2.5859 4930.6750 1.2833 1.6480 1.9648 2.3339 2.5858 4940.6750 1.2833 1.6479 1.9648 2.3339 2.5858 4950.6750 1.2833 1.6479 1.9648 2.3339 2.5858 4960.6750 1.2833 1.6479 1.9648 2.3339 2.5858 4970.6750 1.2833 1.6479 1.9647 2.3339 2.5858 4980.6750 1.2833 1.6479 1.9647 2.3339 2.5857 4990.6750 1.2833 1.6479 1.9647 2.3338 2.58575000.6750 1.2832 1.6479 1.9647 2.3338 2.5857。
t分布公式了解t分布的关键公式
t分布公式了解t分布的关键公式t分布(t-distribution)是统计学中常用的概率分布之一,它在小样本情况下对总体均值的推断起到了重要作用。
学习和理解t分布的关键公式可以帮助我们更好地应用t分布进行统计推断和假设检验。
本文将介绍t分布的概念,并详细解释t分布的关键公式。
一、t分布的概念t分布是由英国统计学家威廉·塞特勒特(William Sealy Gosset)于1908年提出的。
在实际应用中,当总体标准差未知或样本容量较小时,使用t分布而不是正态分布来进行统计推断更为合适。
二、t分布的概率密度函数t分布的概率密度函数可以用以下公式表示:```latexf(t) = [Γ((v+1)/2) / √(πv)Γ(v/2)] * (1 + t²/v)^(-(v+1)/2),```其中,t为随机变量,v为自由度,Γ表示伽玛函数。
三、t分布的关键公式1. t值的计算当样本均值服从正态分布,而总体标准差未知时,我们可以通过将样本均值与总体均值进行比较,计算得到t值来进行统计推断。
计算t值的公式为:```latext = (x - μ) / (s/√n),```其中,x为样本均值,μ为总体均值,s为样本标准差,n为样本容量。
2. t分布的临界值在假设检验中,我们需要比较计算得到的t值与t分布的临界值来判断是否拒绝原假设。
t分布的临界值与显著性水平和自由度有关。
常见的t分布临界值有单侧临界值和双侧临界值。
以95%的显著性水平和自由度为例,双侧临界值分别为t0.025和-t0.025,单侧临界值为t0.05。
3. t分布与标准正态分布的关系当自由度足够大时(一般认为大于30),t分布近似于标准正态分布。
在实际应用中,当样本容量较大时,可以使用标准正态分布的临界值作为t分布的近似临界值,简化计算过程。
四、总结t分布是小样本条件下进行统计推断和假设检验的重要工具。
了解t分布的关键公式可以帮助我们理解和应用t分布,进行科学准确的统计分析。
深入了解t分布及其应用领域
深入了解t分布及其应用领域统计学是一门研究数据收集、分析和解释的学科,而t分布则是统计学中一种常用的概率分布。
t分布最早由英国统计学家William Gosset在1908年提出,他使用了一个假名“Student”来发表他的研究成果,因此t分布也被称为学生t分布。
t分布在统计学中有着广泛的应用,特别是在小样本情况下。
一、t分布的定义和性质t分布是一种概率分布,其形状类似于钟形曲线,但相比于正态分布,t分布的尾部更加厚重。
t分布的形状由自由度参数决定,自由度越大,t分布越接近正态分布。
t分布的均值为0,方差为自由度除以自由度减1。
t分布的密度函数可以表示为:f(t) = (1/√(n-1) * B(1/2, (n-1)/2)) * (1 + t^2/(n-1))^(-(n-1)/2)其中,n为样本容量,B为贝塔函数。
二、t分布的应用领域1. 小样本假设检验在实际应用中,我们往往只能获得有限的样本数据,而t分布在小样本情况下的应用非常广泛。
例如,当我们想要判断两组样本均值是否有显著差异时,可以使用t检验。
t检验基于t分布来计算样本均值之间的差异是否超过了由随机因素引起的变异。
2. 置信区间估计在统计推断中,置信区间是用于估计总体参数的范围。
当样本容量较小或总体标准差未知时,可以使用t分布来构建置信区间。
通过计算样本均值与t分布的临界值相乘得到置信区间的上下界。
3. 回归分析回归分析是统计学中一种重要的方法,用于研究因变量与自变量之间的关系。
当样本容量较小且误差项服从正态分布时,可以使用t分布来进行回归系数的显著性检验。
通过计算回归系数与t分布的临界值相比较,可以判断回归系数是否显著不为零。
4. 抽样分布在统计学中,抽样分布是指统计量的分布。
当总体分布未知或样本容量较小时,可以使用t分布来近似抽样分布。
例如,当我们想要估计总体均值的抽样分布时,可以使用t分布来计算置信区间或假设检验。
三、总结t分布作为一种常用的概率分布,在统计学中有着广泛的应用。