高中英语虚拟语气复习 (NX)

• 2．动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件
从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用 过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去 将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。 • I do wish that I could help you. I wish I had known the answer to the question.
三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使 用
• 1. It + be + suggested / ordБайду номын сангаасred /
demanded / required / requested / planned / arranged / …+that从句 (should +动词 原形) It was suggested that Jane (should) have a medical examination.
• 10）(1997年高考) Jane’s pale face suggested
that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has • 答案: B
• 2．与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式
从句：had + p.p. 主句：would(should/ could / might)+have + p.p. • She should have gone to the party if she had been invited. If she hadn’t called me, I should have overslept this morning.
虚拟语气
( Subjunctive Mood )
语气是动词的一种形式。 它表示说话者对所指的动 词或状态所持的态度,而 且在谓语动词上有所体现。 语气分三种:陈述语气;祈 使语气;虚拟语气。
• 1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实或
就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。 He could swim, but he didn’t jump into the water to save the boy. • 2. 祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方 提出请求，劝告或命令。 Shut the window before leaving. • 3. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能 发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反 的假设等。 If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky.
• But for the storm, we should have arrived
earlier. =If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. • Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephone me. =Jack can’t have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.
• 8）(1995年高考) When a pencil is
partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 答案: C
• 3．与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式
从句：过去式或should / were to+动词原形 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形 • If I were to be 20 years old next year, I should take the course of computer science. If it should fail, I would try again. What would happen if the earth stopped turning?
一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中 的使用
• 如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能
发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条 件句，即虚拟条件句。 • 1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式（be只用were） 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. If he came here, he might be able to help you.
• 2．某些介词without / but for等或连词
otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语 气。 • Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes.
• 注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。
Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill. He insisted that he was right. • 9）(1987年高考) The judge ordered that the thief _______ punished. A. would be B. should be C. was to be D. must be • 答案: B
• 3）现在时与将来时混合使用。
If he were here now, he was to start off with us tomorrow.
• 7）(2002年上海) It is hard for me to imagine
what I would be doing today if I _______ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall • 答案: B
• 3．当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在
同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。 • 1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过 去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相 反的说法。 • If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now. • 2）现在时与过去时混合使用。 If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time.
• 2） (1993年高考) If he _______, he _____
that food. Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have warned; had not taken • 答案: B
• 4）________ he would have succeeded in
the examination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard • 答案: A
• 3） If he ___________ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office. A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come • 答案: C
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注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略， 但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前） If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food. =Had he been warned, he would not have taken that food. What would happen if the earth stopped turning? =What would happen if the earth were to / should stop turning? =Were the earth to stop turning, what would happen? =Should the earth to stop turning, what would happen?
• 高考例题
11） (2002年上海春招) How I wish every family _______ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had • 答案: B • 12） (1988年高考) I wish I ________ you yesterday. A. seen B. did seen C. had seen D. were to see • 答案: C
• • • • • • • •
一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的 使用 五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用 八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望
• 高考例题
1） (1984年高考) If there were no subjunctive mood, English____ much easier. • A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be • 答案: D
• 5） (1991年高考) Without electricity human
life _______ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be • 答案: D • 6） (2001年上海春招) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored • 答案: D
二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使 用
• 1．在动词order / demand / insist /
command / advise / suggest / request / require / decide / ask等词后的宾语从句中 谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。 • Jane’s uncle insisted that she not stay in the hotel. The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.