中考英语语法 11.动词的被动语态 基础讲解
九年级被动语态语法知识点
九年级被动语态语法知识点被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用来描述句子的主语是被动者,而动作的执行者则成为句子的宾语。
在九年级的英语学习中,学生将接触到被动语态的相关知识点。
本文将为大家介绍九年级被动语态的三个主要知识点。
知识点一:被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由be动词的不同形式加上过去分词组成。
根据每个时态的规则,我们可以将被动语态的构成进行总结。
1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例:Active: The teacher explains the lesson.Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例:Active: They cleaned the classroom.Passive: The classroom was cleaned by them.3. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词例:Active: She will write a letter.Passive: A letter will be written by her.4. 现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being + 过去分词例:Active: They are building a new house.Passive: A new house is being built by them.5. 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being + 过去分词例:Active: He was repairing his bike.Passive: His bike was being repaired by him.6. 现在完成时的被动语态:has/have been + 过去分词例:Active: She has written a book.Passive: A book has been written by her.知识点二:被动语态的用法被动语态在英语中有着重要的应用。
中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)
中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)被动语态专题定义语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词被动语态的时态:“主动语态变被动语态,时态不变动”,即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。
请看下表:时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时have/has been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must... be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步:先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步:把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,变宾格为主格。
第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”,时态不变。
第四步:把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时,“by+宾语”在句中常省略。
),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句:主动语态:They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.被动语态:Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.随堂演练(把下列句型改为被动句)1.Bruce writes a letter every week.→2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→3.We grow trees every spring.→4.My mother cleans our room every morning.→补充:①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
中考 Grammar:中考英语被动语态语法讲解
中考Grammar:中考英语被动语态语法讲解一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we'reready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A newcinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例I wasgiven ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例By theend of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例Ameeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundredsof jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)shall/will have been done 将来完成时例Theproject will have been completed before July.2、被动语态的句式变化:以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。
初中英语语法——动词的被动语态
动词的被动语态【用法讲解】考试要求:中考要求掌握:动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用,不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如:We often clean the blackboard.(我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态)The blackboard is often cleaned by us. (黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态)。
1. 被动语态的结构一般现在时:am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词一般过去时:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词一般将来时:will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词现在完成时:have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词现在进行时:am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词过去完成时:had been + 及物动词的过去分词如:You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
Not a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
My bike is being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
中考英语备考:初中英语语法——被动语态
中考初中英语语法——被动语态初中英语语法——被动语态(1)被动语态定义:被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
如果主语是 动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。
主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。
在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态后的by 短语有时可省去。
具体结构见下表:[(1) 被动语态的用法:① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by 短语。
如:A man waskilled in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday .(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by 短语。
如:Rice is also grown in thisplace.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years .(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by 短语。
如:It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ Apet dog is never killed by its owner .(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态:((3) 注意点:①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如:His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。
中考英语被动语态考点归纳及分析
热点透视聚焦中考中考英语被动语态考点归纳及分析湖北省武汉市七一中学庄禾供稿一、被动语态的基本结构英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
解答被动语态题目时,首先要判断主语和动作的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者,就用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,就用被动语态。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化通过连系动词be的变化来表现。
被动语态否定式为“be not done”。
例如:Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.(句中主语Chinese 是动词speak的承受者,因此该句使用了被动语态。
)我们在平常尽量使用英语的主动语态,但在以下几种情况下,则通常使用被动语态:1.行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时;2.用以强调或突出动作的承受者时;3.汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时;4.在新闻报道中,用以表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的表达;5.在科技文中,用以强调客观事实;6.某些内容或特定场合下的习惯用法。
例如:The glass is broken.(玻璃杯破了。
)The bag was taken away by his sister.(那个袋子是她姐姐提走的。
)It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.(据说,有一天他爬到一所房子的屋顶上,往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。
)A car accident happened on the high way this morning.Three men were killed,the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event.(今天早晨高速公路上发生了一起车祸,三人丧生,伤员马上被送往了医院,并马上派了警察去处理这一事件。
初中被动语态详细讲解.
语法专练---被动语态一、语态概述我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。
正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
例如:Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
例如:English is spokenby many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
例如:He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。
不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten一般过去时:was/were+eaten一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+eaten过去将来时:would/should/be going to be+eaten现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten过去进行时:was/were being+eaten现在完成时:have/has been+eaten过去完成时:had been+eaten歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(完整版)英语被动语态语法讲解
初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
以give 为例,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + done 一般过去时:was / were + done一般将来时:shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时:should / would + be done现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done现在完成时:have / has + been + done 过去完成时:had + been + done将来完成时:shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时:should / would + have been + done [注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时:(1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时:(1)They agreed on building a new car factory last month. a new car building factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons w ere not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时:(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.5. 现在进行时:(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons a re being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时:(1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时:(1)Someone has told me the meeting might be put off.I have been told the meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here.(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
初中英语语法——被动语态
被动语态一、考点解读在动词运用中,动词的时态和被动语态是重头戏,各项英语测试均对此“情有独钟”。
在各地的中考题的单选,完型填空中都会出现对于被动语态的考查。
今天我们这个专题中将主要复习归纳以下的内容:1.被动语态的构成2.被动语态的用法3.主动语态和被动语态的转换4.被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式二、专题梳理动词的被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动词的执行者。
在初中阶段我们所学的句子绝大部分都是主动语态。
今天我们主要复习被动语态,被动语态表示主语不是动作的执行者,而是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
(一)被动语态的构成1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词过去分词2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)(二)被动语态的用法被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.More trees must be planted every year.每年必须有更多的树被种植。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people inthe world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。
4.动作的发出者不是人时。
e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
(三)主动语态和被动语态的转换1.主动语态变被动语态:(1)要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变主格。
(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变宾格,并由by引导。
(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
英语被动语态知识点总结讲解
英语被动语态知识点总结讲解英语的被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要的知识点,它的使用在英语的日常生活和商务场合中都很常见。
本篇文章将详细讲解英语中被动语态的构成、用法以及一些需要注意的地方。
构成英语中的被动语态的构成由“be”动词+过去分词组成,且需要注意的是,这里的“be”动词需要根据时态的不同而变化。
例如:•现在时态:am/is/are+过去分词•过去时态:was/were+过去分词•将来时态:will be+过去分词•现在完成时态:has/have been+过去分词•过去完成时态:had been+过去分词下面是一些示例:•主动语态:I ate a hamburger.(我吃了一个汉堡包。
)•被动语态:A hamburger was eaten by me.(一个汉堡包被我吃了。
)•主动语态:Tom is fixing the car.(汤姆正在修理车子。
)•被动语态:The car is being fixed by Tom.(车子正在被汤姆修理。
)•主动语态:The company will hire new employees.(公司将要招聘新员工。
)•被动语态:New employees will be hired by the company.(新员工将被公司招聘。
)用法英语中的被动语态虽然不像其他语言中那样常用,但在英语的日常生活中或者商务场合中,还是经常使用到的。
它主要的用法如下:1. 强调动作的承受者当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,就可以使用被动语态。
例如:•主动语态:Tom wrote the report.(Tom写了这个报告。
)•被动语态:The report was written by Tom.(这个报告是Tom写的。
)通过以上的例子,我们可以看到,在被动语态中,动作的承受者已经被强调了。
2. 强调动作的执行者当我们需要强调动作的执行者时,可以使用被动语态的反义词“get”语态即“get+过去分词”。
中考英语语法必考之被动语态考点梳理
中考英语语法必考之被动语态考点梳理,重难点一网打尽!文/安颖/北京西城中学英语教师一、语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
如:主动句:They built this bridge.被动句:This bridge was built by them.二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为系动词的变化完全一样。
三、八种常用时态的被动语态举例1. 一般现在时A lot of books are kept in our school library. 我们学校图书馆有许多藏书。
2.一般过去时A thief was caught last night. 一个小偷昨晚被抓了。
3.现在进行时The watch is being repaired. 这块表正在修理。
4.过去进行时The door was being painted at that time. 那时门还在油漆。
5.一般将来时The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. 班会下周六下午召开。
6.过去将来时They said the work would be finished the next day. 他们说这项工作第二天就能完成。
7.现在完成时My bag has been stolen. 我的包被偷了。
8.过去完成时She said this airport had never been used. 她说这个机场没有使用过。
四、情态动词的被动语态例:1)主动句:You must hand in your homework this afternoon.被动句:Your homework must be handed in this afternoon.2)主动句:I have to do the job 被动句:The job has to be done by myself.3)主动句:All of us ought to obey the rule.被动句:The rule ought to be obeyed.(by all of us)五、被动语态的用法1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。
中考英语被动语态知识点整理
中考英语被动语态知识点整理在中考英语中,被动语态是一个重要的语法知识点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于我们正确运用英语、提高语言表达能力有着重要的意义。
接下来,让我们一起对中考英语被动语态的相关知识进行全面的整理。
一、被动语态的基本概念被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:“The book is read by me”(这本书被我读。
)在这个句子中,“the book”是动作“read”的承受者,而不是执行者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be 动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
其中,be 动词的形式根据时态和主语的人称、数而变化。
1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are +过去分词例如:“English is spoken all over the world”(英语在全世界被说。
)2、一般过去时的被动语态:was/were +过去分词例如:“The bridge was built last year”(这座桥去年被建造。
)3、一般将来时的被动语态:will be +过去分词或 be going to be+过去分词例如:“The sports meeting will be held next week”(运动会将在下周举行。
)4、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being +过去分词例如:“The problem is being discussed now”(这个问题正在被讨论。
)5、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being +过去分词例如:“The house was being painted when I arrived”(我到达时,房子正在被粉刷。
)6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been +过去分词例如:“Many trees have been planted by us”(我们已经种了很多树。
)7、过去完成时的被动语态:had been +过去分词例如:“The work had been finished before he came”(在他来之前,工作已经完成了。
2020中考英语:动词的被动语态专题详解
谓语动词包括动词的时态、语态和语气等被动语态也是整个初中英语学习的重难点。
中考主要考察一般过去时、一般现在时及含有情态动词的被动语态。
下面我们就一起来复习被动语态。
一、主动语态和被动语态的区别先看两个例句:1.Many people speak Chinese.2.Chinese is spoken by many people.第1句是主动语态,表示主语是动作的执行者。
即speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
第2句是被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
1.一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken2.一般过去时:was/were+spoken3.一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken4.现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken5.现在完成时:have/has been+spoken6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+spoken。
三、何时使用被动语态1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new bikes were stolen last night.一些新自行车在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道自行车是谁偷的)This house was built in 1981.这座房子竣工于1981年。
2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Tom.玻璃杯是汤姆打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解
初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解-专项练习及参考答案被动语态是英语语法中的一种句子结构,用于表达动作的承受者或受事者。
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,而动作的执行者则放在句子的谓语部分,常常使用“be动词+过去分词”的句子结构。
动词的被动语态结构:一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时:was/were+过去分词现在进行时:am/is/are being+过去分词过去进行时:was/were being+过去分词一般将来时:will be+过去分词一般过去将来时:would be+过去分词被动语态的使用:1. 当我们想重点强调句子的承受者,而不是动作执行者时使用被动语态。
例句:The book was written by the famous author. (强调书的作者)2. 当我们不知道动作执行者时使用被动语态。
例句:The window was broken. (不知道是谁打破了窗户)3. 当我们想在句子中使用动名词或不定式作主语时使用被动语态。
例句:Being invited to the party is a great honor. (被邀请去参加聚会是很荣幸的事情)专项练习及参考答案:1. The movie _____ by millions of people last week.A. watchedB. is watchedC. was watchedD. has watched答案:C2. The flowers _____ by the gardener every day.A. were wateredB. waterC. are wateringD. have watered答案:A3. The old town _____ a lot of changes in recent years.A. seesB. is seenC. was seenD. has seen答案:D4. The cake _____ by my mom for my birthday party.A. was madeB. madeC. is madeD. has made答案:A5. The thief _____ by the police in the park yesterday.A. caughtB. is caughtC. was caughtD. catches答案:C6. The table _____ by the carpenter for the customer last week.A. was madeB. madeC. is madeD. has made答案:A7. A lot of houses _____ by the storm last night.A. were destroyedB. destroyC. are destroyingD. have destroyed答案:A8. Your help with the project _____ by the teacher.A. is appreciatedB. appreciatedC. was appreciatedD. has appreciated答案:C9. The castle _____ by the tourists every summer.A. visitsB. is visitedC. was visitedD. has visited答案:B10. The problem _____ by the whole class yesterday.A. was discussedB. discussedC. is discussedD. has discussed答案:A。
初三知识点总结被动语态
初三知识点总结被动语态被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要形式,它用于强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。
在初三学年,学生已经学习了被动语态的基本概念和用法。
本文将对初三学生在学习被动语态过程中需要掌握的知识进行总结。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成。
根据时态的不同,be的形式会发生变化。
1. 现在时态的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例如:Active: Tom eats an apple.Passive: An apple is eaten by Tom.2. 过去时态的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例如:Active: Lisa wrote a letter.Passive: A letter was written by Lisa.3. 将来时态的被动语态:will be + 过去分词例如:Active: They will build a new hospital.Passive: A new hospital will be built by them.二、主动语态和被动语态的转换在学习被动语态时,初三学生需要学会主动语态和被动语态的相互转换。
具体转换规则如下:1. 直接宾语转换:将主动语态中的直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语。
例如:Active: They eat apples.Passive: Apples are eaten by them.2. 双宾语转换:将主动语态中的间接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,直接宾语变为介词by短语。
例如:Active: He gave me a book.Passive: I was given a book by him.3. 无宾语动词转换:将主动语态中的无宾语动词转换为被动语态时,需加上介词by和动词的进行时态。
例如:Active: They swim in the pool.Passive: The pool is being swum in by them.三、被动语态的用法被动语态在英语中有多种用途,以下是初三学生应掌握的主要用法:1. 主动语态的被动表达:当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时,可以使用被动语态。
初中语法被动语态讲解
初中语法被动语态讲解被动语态定义:英语中有两重语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者,被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者,即主动语态中的宾语。
所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。
规则:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
第一,助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化,第二,助动词be要随着时态的变化而变化。
一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.3) shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.4) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here(5) was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.6) should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.7) has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready tostart.8) had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed inBeijing.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例The project will have been completed before July.2(被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by …)否定句主语+be not+过去分词+(by …)一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by …)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+ (by …),3. 被动语态的特殊形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。
中考英语语法丨被动语态详解
中考英语语法丨被动语态详解被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象。
一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
被动语态的构成是:助动词be+动词过去分词。
一、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或者说话的人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷是从中国传入欧洲的。
2.出于修辞的原因或者为了更好地安排句子。
The professor came to our school and was warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。
3.不愿意说出动作的执行者,目的是为了使语言得体,在这种情况下,有时使用一些特别句式。
It is said that...据说……It is hoped that...大家希望……It is declared that...据宣布……It is well known that...众所周知……二、被动语态的几种类型1.含有单个宾语的被动结构It is often used (by my teacher) in teaching English.这经常(被老师)用于英语教学中。
2.含有双宾语的被动结构teach,tell,give等动词后面往往有两个宾语,叫作双宾。
带双宾语的主动句用被动句表示时,可以把其中一个宾语用作主语,另一个宾语作保留宾语。
但以指人的间接宾语作主语为好,句子显得更自然。
We gave them some books.我们给了他们一些书。
→They were given some books.→Some books were given to them.但也有的只能以直接宾语作为被动句的主语。
I will buy you a present.我将给你买份礼物。
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动词的被动语态【真题再现】1. We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future.A. improvedB. was improvedC. has improvedD. will be improved2. The pet dog is warm and loving. It ______ as a daughter of my family.A. treatsB. treatedC. is treatedD. was treated3. When Tim ______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.A. was askedB. askedC. was askingD. is asked4. He is very surprised that all the houses in the village ______ white. A. paint B. painted C. are painting D. are painted5. If it isn't fine this weekend, our spring field trip _______.A. is cancelledB. was cancelledC. will be cancelled6. A. new hospital ________ in my town next year. A. builds B. builtC. is builtD. will be built7. — Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.— Oh, I to the party.A. am invitedB. was invitedC. am not invitedD. wasn’t invited8. Many students _________ changes to show themselves in class because the class size is too bigA. don't giveB. aren't givenC. haven't givenD. won't give9. Pukou Railway Station ________ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.A.build B.is built C.built D.was built10. —Your school is so beautiful.—Thanks! A modern stadium and a big garden _______ to make it nicer this year.A.will be built B.has been built C.is built11.These model cars ________ in China in 2013.A. are madeB. were madeC. makeD. made12. —Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking ________ in public places.—Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.A. isn’t allowedB. aren’t allowedC. doesn’t allow13. Many houses _________ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged14. Now it’s much easier to shop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buyto you soon.A. sendB. were sentC. are sendingD. will be sent15. The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.A.is invented B.invented C.was invented16. — Hobo, can I eat the hamburger?— Sure, if the dishes ________.A.wash B.are washed C.will wash D.will be washed17. The poor girl ________ by the unfriendly boys when she told her story.A.laughed at B.was laughed at C.laughs at D.is laughed18. The novel ________ by many people today.A. is readB. are readC. readsD. were read19. You can’t wear shoes inside this place. It ________.A. doesn’t allowB. isn’t allowedC. hasn’t allowedD. wasn’t allowed【答案与解析】1. D。
句意:我们相信,通过努力,我们城市的环境在不久的将来会得到巨大的改善。
根据in the near future可知,应用一般将来时;环境应该是被改善,所以用被动语态,故选D项。
2. C。
句意:这只宠物狗既友好又令人喜爱。
它被当作我家的女儿一样对待。
由于主语it和动词treat构成被动关系,故本题须用被动语态。
又由题干中的is warm可知应用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为:am/is/are+动词的过去分词。
故答案为C项。
3. A。
句意:当Tim被问到他为什么上学迟到时,他只是保持沉默。
由句意可知主语是动作的承受者,又因为题干中的动词都为过去式,故应用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案为A项。
4. D。
句意为“他对村子里所有的房子都被粉刷上白色感到惊讶”,因为房子是不能自己刷上白色的,所以必须用被动语态。
5. C。
句意:这个周末如果天气不好,我们的春游将被取消。
if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,故此处主句应用一般将来时的被动语态,故答案为C项。
6. D。
句意:明年在我家乡要建一所新医院。
医院与建造为被动关系,应用被动语态,故排除A、B两项;由next year(明年)可知用一般将来时。
故选D。
7. D。
本题意为:——Tom!昨晚在聚会上我到处找你。
——噢,我没被邀请去聚会,故本题应用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案选D。
8. B。
句意:很多学生在上课的时候都没有机会展示自己,因为班级人数太多。
学生应该被给予机会,所以应该使用被动语态,故选B项。
9. D。
句意:浦口火车站建于1911年,近年来它已经成为电影和电视剧的拍摄地。
根据in 1911可知,应用一般过去时;火车站是被建的,所以用被动语态,故选D项。
10. A。
由语境可知,今年还会建一个现代化的体育场和一座大花园,这会使校园更漂亮。
一般将来时的被动语态,故选A。
11. B。
句意:这些模型汽车是中国2013年制造的。
由时间状语in 2013可知时态为过去时,model cars与动词make之间为被动关系,故选B。
12. A。
句意为“在公共场所吸烟不被允许”,考查被动语态,smoking应视作单数,故选择A。
13. B。
句意:很多房子都被地震毁坏了,成千上万的人无家可归。
根据句意和句中的“thousands of people were left homeless”可知,这里用的是一般过去时态,并且many houses 和damage构成被动关系,是一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
14. D。
句意:现在在网上购物容易的多啦。
当你的订单准备好了,你想买的东西时很快就会送给你。
things是send这一动作的承受者,该用被动语态。
根据soon一词可知用一般将来时,所以该用一般将来时的被动语态形式,因此选D。
15. C。
句意:Alexander Graham Bell于1876年发明了电话。
由“in 1876”可知,应用一般过去时;且主语“t he telephone”是invent动作的承受者,因此应用被动语态,故选C。
16. B。
if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来;“the dishes”与wash之间存在被动关系,应用被动语态。
因此,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。
17. B。
laugh at意为“嘲笑”。
本句是一个复合句,根据“when she told her story”可知,主句应用一般过去时,故排除C、D两项;主句主语“t he poor girl”是动作laugh at的承受者,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。
句意为:当那位可怜的女孩讲述她的故事时,被那些不友好的男孩嘲笑了,故选B。
18. A。
主语是the novel,所以谓语要用单数形式,所以排除答案B和D;题中出现明显时间词today,所以时态应为一般现在时,故答案为A。
19. B。
句意:你不能在这里穿鞋子,这是不允许的。
这里的it是句子的主语,它与allow 之间是被动关系,用被动语态(构成:be + 及物动词的过去分词);作为一项规则,用一般现在时,故选B。
【用法讲解】考试要求:中考要求掌握:动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用,不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如:We often clean the blackboard.(我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态)The blackboard is often cleaned by us. (黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态)。
1. 被动语态的结构一般现在时:am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词一般过去时:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词一般将来时:will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词现在完成时:have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词现在进行时:am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词过去完成时:had been + 及物动词的过去分词如:You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。