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Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons rather than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or of having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be ruined by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies (幻想) may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, researching. We should all remember that great scientific discoveries occurred by chance. Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devisedthe theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were caused by the worker's taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy"—that is,, taking time off for a rest—is good for the overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next work.1. The main idea of this passage is that_______.A. laziness is a moral sinB. there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyC. laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotion problemsD. lazy people do more careful work2. The passage states that_______.A. laziness is a diseaseB. laziness is more beneficial than harmfulC. a good definition of laziness is emotional illnessD. some people appear lazy because they are insecure3. Which of the following conclusions does the passagesupport?A. Most of the time laziness is a virtue.B. Most assembly workers are lazy.C. The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.D. Most insecure people are lazy.4. As used in this passage, the word "devised"(Para. 2) means_______.A. understoodB. wroteC. madeD. proved5. Being lazy may be good for_______.A. doctorsB. athletesC. executivesD. those who overwork themselves答案：1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. DDuring the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, migrations have taken place within__1__ countries; the cities with their industries have attracted people away from the country. The possibility of earning a fixed__2__in a factory or office was more attractive than the possibility of staying on the farm and having one's work __3 __by frost, storms, or droughts. Furthermore, the development of agricultural machinery made itpossible for fewer people to do the same __4__of work.Thus, at the same time when the industrial revolution made it possible to produce goods more__5__and more quickly in factories, agricultural revolution also took place. Instead of leaving fields empty every third year, farmers began to plant clover or some other crop that would__6__the soil. Instead of using only animal fertilizer, farmers began to use chemical fertilizers to keep the soil rich. These methods have enabled French farmers, for example, to get five times as much wheat as was __7__ from the same land two centuries ago.In many countries farmers find it more __8__to raise only one crop or one kind of animal. They choose the kind that gives the best results. Then they sell all that they produce, instead of trying to grow a little of everything and consume what they grow. This is a more feasible type of __9__because modern methods and machinery are adapted to specific animals and specific crops. Therefore, it would be too expensive to do all the work by hand, or to buy the__10__needed for several different kinds of farming.A. salary E. deserted I. equivalent M. destroyedB. freely F. operation J. enrich N. certainC. profitable G.amount K. fruitful O. cheaplyD. obtained H. payment L. equipment 答案：1. N2. A3. M4. G5. O6. J7. D8. C9. F 10. LPlastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped in a mold. Some are natural; some are semi-synthetic(半合成的) , the result of chemical action on natural substance; some are synthetic, built up from the constituents of oil or coal. All are based on the chemistry of carbon, with its capacity for forming chains. The molecules that compose them (monomers) link together in the setting or curing(硫化) process to form chains (polymers) , which give plastics their flexible strength. Some plastics retain their ability to be softened and reshaped; like wax, they are thermoplastic. Others set permanently in the shapes they are given by heat and pressure; like eggs, they are thermosetting. From industrial beginnings in the nineteenth century, plastics have struggled through a hundred and twenty years of glory, failure, disrepute and suspicion on the slow road to public acceptance. Now, at last, one can positively say that plastics are appreciated and enjoyed for what they are; that they makemodern life richer, more comfortable and convenient, and also more fun. Plastics are warm materials, sympathetic to the human touch, and their transformation into things that come into contact with human beings is entirely appropriate.The fact that there are plastic antiques comes as a shock to most people. How can a material that seems so essentially twentieth century, and one that is so much associated with cheap, disposable products, has a history at all? It is a young technology, and a great part of the fun of collecting plastics is that beautiful pieces of historical interest can still be found very cheaply.1. The word "sympathetic" in Paragraph 2 most probably means_______.A. harmfulB. agreeableC. pitifulD. sorry2. It can be concluded from this passage that_______.A. plastics are synthetic materialsB. plastics won public acceptance 120 years agoC. plastics are very harmful in modern lifeD. plastics are cheap as antiques3. Which of the following is essential to create any type of plastics?A. Carbon.B. Eggs.C. Oil.D. Coal.4. Plastics that harden into permanent shapes are called_______.A. chainedB. thermoplasticC. syntheticD. thermosetting5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. The Importance of Plastics in the Nineteenth Century.B. Why People Are Suspicious of Plastics.C. The Development of Plastics as a Modern Material.D. How Plastics Are Manufactured.答案1. B2. D3. A4. D5. CIn today's world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality andstagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled? When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm's building or stock? When an employee is found to have stolen company funds? When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident? Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month? But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.1. This selection deals mainly with_______.A. the relation between insurance and societyB. accidents and lossesC. business failuresD. the importance of insurance to business2. In Paragraph 3, "forced to the wall" means "_______".A. driven to despairB. staying in a strong positionC. doing wellD. climbing up3. The author thinks that_______.A. accidents always happenB. a businessman should take risksC. businesses should have adequate insuranceD. insurance is a social welfare project4. Adequate insurance will do all of the following EXCEPT that it will_______.A. free some business fundsB. add to benefits for employeesC. relieve some management problemsD. provide for unexpected incidents5. The word "curbed" in Paragraph 3 is nearest in meaningto_______.A. checkedB. advancedC. expandedD. disturbed答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. AThe difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and fill it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the__1__available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitational field, as in the__2__of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a __3__feature of early theories describing the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory__4 __that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules. The theories now prevailing take a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in __5 __They are both forms of matter that have no __6 __structure, and they both flow readily.The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomesclearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are__7__somewhat. Suppose a closed container __8__filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are __9__to it. The combination of temperature and pressure at which the densities become __10__is called the critical point.A. addedB. caseC. prominentD. heldE. equalF. partiallyG. exampleH. previousI. space J, lifted K. permanent L. particularlyM. extended N. raised O. common答案：I. I 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. O 6. K 7. N 8. F 9. A 10. EIn today's world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm canmean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled? When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm's building or stock? When an employee is found to have stolen company funds? When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident? Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month? But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood ofstaying in business at all.1. This selection deals mainly with_______.A. the relation between insurance and societyB. accidents and lossesC. business failuresD. the importance of insurance to business2. In Paragraph 3, "forced to the wall" means "_______".A. driven to despairB. staying in a strong positionC. doing wellD. climbing up3. The author thinks that_______.A. accidents always happenB. a businessman should take risksC. businesses should have adequate insuranceD. insurance is a social welfare project4. Adequate insurance will do all of the following EXCEPT that it will_______.A. free some business fundsB. add to benefits for employeesC. relieve some management problemsD. provide for unexpected incidents5. The word "curbed" in Paragraph 3 is nearest in meaning to_______.A. checkedB. advancedC. expandedD. disturbed答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. AIn recent years, we have all watched the increasing commercialization of the campus. The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an insult to our aesthetic sensibilities, but they are, arguably, no worse than ugly. Some of the other new features of commercialized campus life do, however, constitute a serious threat to things we rightly respect. "Privatization" and the "business model" are the potential menace.What do these notions mean? To me, they involve an increased dependence on industry and charitable actions for operating the university; an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical Subjects, both in teaching and in research; a proprietary (所有权的，所有人的) treatment of research results, with the commercial interest in secrecy overriding the public's interest in free, shared knowledge; and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell. We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and demands of our "customers"and, as the old saying goes, "the customer is always right". Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well-being. A researcher employed by a university-affiliated hospital in Canada, working under contract with a medicine-making company, made public her findings that a particular drug was harmful. This violated the terms of her contract, and so she was fired. Her dismissal caused a scandal, and she was subsequently restored to her previous position. The university and hospital in question are now working out something similar to tenure (终身任职) for hospital-based researchers and guidelines for contracts, so that more public exposure of privately funded research will become possible. This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction, but the general trend is the other way. Thanks to profit-driven private funding, researchers are not only forced to keep valuable information secret, they are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraps, too. Of course, we must not be too naive about this. Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy, too, as did the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the work they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (牛脑海绵体病) epidemic.This prevented othersfrom reviewing the relevant, data and pointing out that problems were more serous than government was letting on. 57. From the first paragraph we can learn that the campus life has become[A ] more convenient [ B ] rather ugly[ C ] somewhat harmful [ D ] no more aesthetic than before58. "Privatization" and the "business model" in this passage most probably mean[ A ] potential menace to life [ B ] new features of campus life[ C ] new trend on campus [ D] dependence on industry and charities59. The author believes that we should pay[ A] little attention to applied subjects[ B ] due attention to the public interest in free, shared knowledge[ C ] more attention to the immediate needs and demands of our customers[ D ] considerable attention to the commercial interest in the secrecy of research results60. The researcher mentioned in the third .paragraph was fired because[ A] she worked for the rival of the company[ B ] she failed to keep her research results secret[ C ] she was obliged to keep her discoveries secret[ D ] she was committed to a contract with a company61. It is implied in the passage that[ A ] the general public is too naive to accept the "privatization"[ B ] the notion that "the customer is always right" is out of date[ C ] it is a general trend that there will be more public disclosure of privately funded research[ D] the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Britain was more serious than what was disclosed答案：CBBDDPresident Bush touched off a firestorm of criticism from congressional Democrats, civil fights groups and newspaper editorialists Wednesday when he decided to intervene in a Supreme Court case challenging racial preferences in theUniversity of Michigan admissions policy. The howls of protest were quick and loud. Judging from the noise, one might conclude that this president is in big political trouble as he looks to reelection in 2004. After all, with public uncertainty about the economy, the possibility of war with Iraq, increased tensions with North Korea dominating the headlines, and Democrats hurling brickbats at Bush for everything from his economic stimulus plan that they say favors the rich to what they see as his abandonment of minorities by opposing the Michigan case, he would appear to be poised (使平衡) on the brink of political disaster.But is he? Not yet. His standing with the public is stronger than outward poll numbers suggest. Much was made this past week of a USA TODAY CNN Gallup Poll that showed Bush's job approval rating dipping below 60% for the first time since Sept. 11, to 58%. That caused many to comment that he might be following down a path his father previously trod. The elder Bush achieved success in the Persian Gulf War but saw his job ratings erode steadily, largely because of what many read as an inadequate response to a slumping economy. He was denied a second term.But for the younger Bush to be in danger of a repeat, he would have to do something that breaks the bond he has formed with theAmerican public on a personal level since Sept. 11 that transcendshis positions on various issues.The same USA TODAY poll that showed Bush's overall job-approval slipping, but still good,also found that his so-called political "vital signs" are remarkably strong. They suggest that regardless of whether people agree or disagree with Bush's handling of specific problems or issues,he retains a high degree of respect, trust and support for pushing boldly ahead as he sees fit. Most who said the qualities do not apply are Democrats, Who more than likely are not going to vote for Bush anyway. It is the swing voters that Bush must hold, and the poll shows that most independents rank Bush positively on these measures, He also "gets some pretty strong ratings from women, who traditionally lean toward Democratic presidential candidates.So when Bush makes a bold decision to fight terrorism, oppose the Michigan admissions policy or force Saddam Hussein to disarm, many may disagree. But they rate him high for leading, which, after all, is what we elect our presidents to do. And most see him as honest, willing to get along with his politicalopponents and an effective government manager. Analysts say those vital signs will see Bush through the rough times. 52. It can be inferred from the passage that the University of Michigan[ A ] carries out a preferential policy for recruiting minority students[ B] comes into open conflicts with Bush's economic stimulus plan[ C] puts Bush in trouble by abandoning minority students in its admission[D] is strongly opposed to Bush's foreign policies53. According to the passage, the poll numbers indicate that[A] Bush's standing with the public is very strong [ B] Bush's economic package wins widespread support[ C] public support for Bush is declining [ D] Bush is on the brink of political disaster54. The elder Bush lost a second term mainly because[ A ] he lost the Persian Gulf War [B ] he failed to develop an intimate relationship with the public[ C ] he proved himself inadequate as a political leader [ D ] he did not take effective measures to recover the economy55. The expression "vital signs" (Line 2, Para. 3 ) mainly refers to[ A] signs that signalize public satisfaction with Bush's work [ B ] qualities that meet the leadership of the country[ C] poll numbers that show Bush's job-approval ratings [ D] issues that Bush has to handle before a reelection56. The main idea of the passage is that[ A] approval polls don't tell the whole Bush story [ B ] young Bush is in danger of repeating the elder Bush's mistakes [ C ] fighting another war does not help the slumping economy[ DJ public support for Bush's work takes another dip答案：ACDBAEvery once in a while the reasons for discouragement about the human prospect pile up so high that it becomes difficult to see the way ahead.and it is then a．great blessing to have one conspicuous and undeniable good thing to think about ourselves,something solid enough to step onto and look beyond the pile．language is often useful for this,and music．A particular painting,if you have the right receptors,can lift the spiritsand hold them high enough to see a whole future for the race．The sound of laughter in the distance in the dark can be a marvelous encouragement．But these are uncertain stimuli,ready,to work only if you happen to be ready to receive them,which takes a bit of luck.I have been reading magazine stories about the technology of lie detection lately,and it occurs to me that this may be the thing I've been looking for,an encouragement supported by genuine,hard scientific data．It is promising enough that I’ve decided to take as given what the articles say．uncritically,and to look no further．As I understand it,a human being cannot tell a lie,even a small one．without setting off a kind of smoke alarm Somewhere deep in a dark recess of the brain ,resulting in the sudden discharge 9f nerve impulses, or the sudden outpouring of neurohormones(神经激素)of some sort, or both．The outcome, recorded by the lie—detector device is similar to the responses to various kinds of stress．Lying ，then is stressful, even when we do it for protection, or relief, or escape ,or profit, or just for the pure pleasure of lying and getting away with it．It is a strain．distressing enough to cause the emission of signals to and from the centralnervous system warning that something has gone wron9．It is, in a pure physiological sense ,an unnatural act．Now I regard this as a piece of extraordinarily good news, meaning ,that we are compelled to be a moral species at least in the limited sense that we are biologically designed to be truthful to each other．It seems a petty thing to have this information ,but perhaps it tells us to look again, and look deeper．We are indeed a social species, more dependent on each other than the celebrated social insects,we can no more live a solitary life than can a bee,we ale obliged,as a species.to rely on each other—Trust is a fundamental requirement for our kind of existence,and without it all our linkages would begin to snap loose．It is enough,quite enough,to know that we cannot even tell a plain untruth,and betray a trust,without scaring some part of our own brains．62．In the first paragraph．the author implies that[A]we are convinced that men are born evil [B] human beings are surrounded by piles of rubbish[C]there are a lot of obstacles on the way ahead of human beings[D]man’s future is seen to be encouraging from his good nature63．According to the second paragraph,which of the following statements is true?[A] Language is as useful as music．[B]Painting is the best of all in lifting one’s spirits．[C]To see human’s bright side is a game of chance,[D]Not everyone is given the chance of a good future．64. Which of the following is true ac6ording to the passage? [ A] Physiological changes will for sure betray a liar. [ B] The bigger a lie is, the stronger the strain will be.[C ] The degree of the strain depends on the purpose of lying. [ D] A well-trained person can tell lies without being detected.65. The information given by the lie detector, according to the author, is[ A] trivial[ B ] essential [ C ] surprising [ D] unreliable66. The message the author transmits to us by the lie detector is that[ A] it is vital for us to be truthful to each other [B ] lying will be checked by more advanced lie detectors[ C] a lie detector can make a good record of nerve impulses [ D] a liar benefits himself from lying, but only at the costof others答案：DCABAWith its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, shoot of the traditional novel. The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in。