2011年职称英语冲刺班讲义-第三部分-概括大意与完成句子

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职称英语--概括大意与完成句子复习

职称英语--概括大意与完成句子复习概括大意与完成句子在试卷的第三部分，1篇短文（300-450词），题目分两部分一是概括大意，二是完成句子。

一共8分每小题1分。

概完的理论性解题技巧：1)读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。

读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。

这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。

应该抓住该段话的主题句。

2)如果主题句比较复杂（如复合句），应重点看主句部分。

有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。

主题句中，常常有如下的句式：Although／While／Despite／Despite the fact …，中文意思是：“虽然……，但是……”。

前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。

3)如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。

show，suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段话的主旨。

4)如果主题句是not only … but also句型，应重点看but also后面的部分。

not only ... but also的意思是“不仅……而且……”，常用来承上启下。

not only后面的部分是“承上”，即上一段的主旨，but also后面的部分是“启下”，即本段话的主旨。

所以，应重点看but also后面的部分。

5)问句不会是主题句。

问句通常作为引题，是过渡性的句子。

所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句的问句，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。

6)举例子的句子不会是主题句.。

英文文章讲究以理服人，经常用例证即举个例子来论述自己的观点。

所以，在阅读文章中，经常有以Forexample开始的句子。

请同学们注意，举例子的句子是用来解释说明观点的，它不会是段落的主题句。

所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是举例子的句子，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。

2011年职称英语考试复习要点-概括完成大意句子

第三部分概括大意与完成句子概括大意●文章及段落结构有三种：总述---分述：主题句在段首分述---总述：主题句在段尾分述---分述---分述，但主题词贯穿●四种正确选项关键词的设计----- 借用段落主题词----- 段落主题词改变词性----- 利用段落主题词的同义词----- 利用一新词对段落主题（主题句意/主题词）进行概括常用的概括词：way, use, definition, culture, history, explanation, finding, relationship, type, effect, factor, clue, comparison, significance, benefit, importance, composition, advantage, comment, contrast, basics, measure, action, indication, classification, criticism, effort, feature, discovery, description, difference, association, birth, means, origin, conclusion.完成句子题干是一段原文全部或部分内容的精华缩写；●空格部分主要测试考生的归纳、概括能力，及通过上下文判断生词或跃过生词理解全文的能力；●两种测试方式：原文原词和等语境同义改写。

等语境同义改写：指题干的空格处应填上的单词或词组短语意群是对原文某个信息点的同义改写或对原文某些信息点的总结与归纳。

2010年考试真题分析Natural Gas（AB级）1（27）Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface.It is a fossil fuel（矿物质燃料），meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施） has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U.S.，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries。

2011年职称英语B类模拟试题与答案

新东方在线职称英语冲刺班讲义职称英语等级考试B级模拟试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The nursery is bright and cheerful.A pleasantB cleanC peacefulD large2 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.A neverB rarelyC oftenD only3 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.A fetchedB carriedC attractedD pushed4 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.A placedB showedC pointedD decided5 How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?A explainB examineC chooseD expand6 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another.A workB profitC relyD prove7 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.A deniedB investigatedC stressedD created8 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle.A fatalB hatefulC goodD useful9 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.A controlB spendC collectD exchange10 It‟s impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation.A leaveB talk loudlyC stand upD interrupt11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A pull outB repairC takeD dig12 The child‟s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.A funnyB frighteningC repeatedD unusual13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.A inB aroundC fromD before14 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberatelycontrolled and modified.A sufficientlyB noticeablyC intentionallyD absolutely15 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank.A alteredB changedC boughtD sold第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

职称英语考试第三部分概括大意与完成句子

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)考查考生把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求考生根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求考生在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

概括大意与完成句子答题技巧：此部分考察对文章的理解程度，答题时可先快速浏览全文，了解全文的主旨，然后围绕主旨去分析每一段的意思，保证意思理解不会偏离主旨，这样就完成概括大意。

完成句子在于根据上下文意思，补充句子，抓住主旨，找到最贴近主旨和上下文的内容，补充即可。

How We Form First lmpression 对别人的第一印象是怎样形成的We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ，gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain maysay，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong4When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.词汇:trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性 hostn. 一大群，许多simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的sensory adj. 感官的，感觉的categorical adj. 绝对的 cortex n. 脑皮层Jock n. 骗子 ethnicity n. 种族特点geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣stereotype v. 对……产生成见 freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的注释:1. Your brain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从even 开始到as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而 that 是与主句中的 so 呼应的。

职称英语复习第三部分概括大意和完成句子附翻译

第三部分概括大意和完成句子阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务（1）第1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

第十一篇The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows — but never gets as big as the other droplet — and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2.3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension — the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating — becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small — 20 microwatt s — it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be too million time s more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.词汇: shuffle /5FQfl/v.来回运动nanometer /5neinE7mi:tE/n.纳米，毫微米molten /5mEultEn/adj.熔化的micromotor n.微电机droplet /5drCplit/n.小滴nanotube n.纳米管roycvnoconan n.纳米传送带nanotechnology n.纳米技术bump /bQmp/v.碰撞mimic / 5mimik/n.模仿sop /sCp/v.吸入stroke /strEuk/n.行程，冲积microwatt /5maikrEuwCt/n.微瓦nanomotor n.纳米发动机nanomachine n.纳米机器注释:1. ever:比以往任何时候，曾经。

职称英语第三部分概括大意和完成句子

第三部分概括大意和完成句子A Strong Greenhouse Gas1. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmosphere, it absorbs heat radiating from Earth’s surface.2. With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world, it’s no surprise that methane released by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas.3. Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth’s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen.4. Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than double in the last two centuries.5. Cows munch mostly grasses and hay- yet they grow big and hefty.6. That’s why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.1. paragraph 1 E Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas2. Paragraph 2 F Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect3. Paragraph 4 C Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere4. Paragraph 5 D Why Livestock Releases Methane5. Methane is A one of the major contributors to the intensifying greenhouse effect.6. Greenhouse gases are indispensable to mankind ,but the problem mankind is faced with is B the ever-increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.7. Generally people heap criticism on F big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles for the planet’s temperature rise.8. Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about E how to cut down the cattle populations.Compact Disks1.If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, andthey only have numbers recorded on them,you may not belive it.2. A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns.3.Digital codes are used with many technologies.4.There are many types of compact disks.5.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982.6.Science Keeps on developing.1.paragraph 1&2 D CD’sWorking Principle Is Explained2.paragraph 3 A Digital Code Has Wide Applications3.paragraph 4 F CDs Are of Many Formats4.paragraph 5 C CDs Are Durable5.One advantage of CD-RWs is that they can E be written on and rewritten on likefloppy disks.6.The author predicts it will nor B take many more years before a new technologe isinvented for music recording.7.The laser beam-emitting device and the receiver are considerd to C be the keyparts.8.Space probes could not F keep contact with their ground station efficiently.How We Form First Impression1.We all have first impression of someone we just met.2.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world.3.If you see someone you know and like at school3 ,your brain says “familiar andsafe.”4.When we stereotype people,we use a less mature form of thinkingthat makessimplistic and categorical impressions of others.5.However,if we resist initial stereotypical impressions,we have a chance to beaware of what a person is truly like.1.paragraph 2 D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories2.paragraph 3 C IIIustration of First Impression3.paragraph 4 B Comment on First Impression4.paragraph 5 A Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions5.Sensory information is one that is perceived througe E the sights and sounds of theworld6.You interpret D the meaning of incoming sensory information by comparing itagainst the memories already stored in your brain.7.The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking,which is similar toC the immature form of thinking of a cery young child8.We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to B the most complex areasof our coriex.Icy Microbes1.In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years,scientistshave found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing.2. A research team Ied by Peter Doran of the University of lllinots at Chicago drilledthrough more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae.3.Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old,but even oldermicrobes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice.4.Called Lake Vida,the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes locatedin the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica,some 2,200kilometers due south2 of New Zealand.5.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a holedown to within a few feet of the water layer.6.The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized.1.paragraph 2 E Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived.2.paragraph 3 A Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in theDeep Ice Sheet.3.paragraph 4 F Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica.4.paragraph 6 D 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens.5.Scientists ignored Lake Vide because they thought that a lake of ice B was of littlescientific value.6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,C maybe older than that collected below 39 feet of ice.7.What the scientists will do in 2004 E is to collect some briny lake water foranalysis.8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida A is found to be a greatdeal higher than that of seawater..LED Lighting1 An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper,longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb.2.Michael Bowers,a graduate student2 ai Vanderbilt University,was just trying to make really small quanturn dots,which are crystals generally only a few nanometets big.3.When you shine a light on quanturn dots or apply electricity to them,they react by producing their own light,normally a bright,vibrant color.4.Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix.5.LEDsproduce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn fou over 50,000 hours.6.Quanturn dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything5 and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors,including white.1. paragraph 1 B LED Lighting WillPeplace Traditional Lighting2. paragraph 3 E Bowers Made an Unexpected Discovery3. paragraph 5 D LED Lighting Has Many Advantages4. paragraph 6 C Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the Future5.Unlike traditional lighting , LEDs do not give out heat so F LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy.6.Edison’s bright invention is likely to be outdated because A traditional lighting is less durable and dearer.7.Something unexpected happened during Bower’s experiment when B a laser excited the quantum dots8.Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if C America adopted LKEDs.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up’9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night.3.These findings,which Dr.Daniel Kripke reported in the journal psychosomatic Medicine3,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night.4.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep-for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hourseach night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5.For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep question-naires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problem.6.Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.1. paragraph 2 :E.Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers.2. paragraph 4:B.Dangers of Habitual Shoriages of Sleep.3. paragraph 5:A.Kripke’s Research Tool.4. paragraph 6:D.A Way of Overcoming Insomnia.5.To get a good night’s rest,people may not need to F.sleep more than 8 hours.6.Long sleepers are reporied to be more likely to E.suffer sleep problems.7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to A.fall asleep again.8.One survey showed that people who habitually C.sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying.More Rural Research Is Needed1.Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than itdoes now.2.“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must bereversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty , ” he said.3.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation2 and environmentalproblems.4.The developing world was investing about 0.5%,or $8 billion a year , of itsagricultural gross domestic product(GDP) on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5%of its GDP .5.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across manycountries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs Mexico, China or India6 .6.“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of thestrategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently, ” Dr. Fischer said.7.Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years,especially in developing countries.1.paragraph 1 E Increase in Investment on Agricultural Research2.paragraph 3 A The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 20203.paragraph 4 C More Research Funding Needed4.paragraph 7 B Research Focus on Increased Yield5.Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop D when we usemodern technologies and develop new onesnd can be saved for other purposes A if we can drive yield up7.The investment can be regarded as efficient F when strategic research can beutilized worldwide.8.The global decrease in investment should be changed C if we want to fight againstmalnutrition and povertySoot and Snow: a Hot Combination1.New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.2.Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth,where ice is more common,absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy,white background.3.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.4.Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space),which1may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northen Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice,melting glaciers and permafrost.5.”Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus hesting the snow furface more than if there were no black carbon2,”Hansen said.6.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.7.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes.1. paragraph 3:C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot.2. paragraph 4:A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere.3. paragraph 6:F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming.4. paragraph 7:B Observations of Warming in the Climate and the Atmosphere.5. In the twentieth century, soot B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming.6. Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases E still surpass soot in warming the world’s climate during the last century.7. Black soot covered snow and ice D absorb more of sun’s energy and warmth than white background.8.A soot forcing is unusually effective,which A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.Screen Test1.Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breastcancer.2.But the medical benefits of screening these younger women arecontroversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. 3.Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect ofscreening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinis.4.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National RadillogicalProtection Board predicted that the screening programme would cause 36cancers per 100,000women,18 of them fatal.5.The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not verysignificant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered andtreated.6.But they, point out that the risk of women contracting canver from radiation couldbe reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.7.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and itsrisks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.1.paragraph 2 A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman2.paragraph 3B Investigating the Effect of Screening3.paragraph 4 C Effect Predicted by Two Differernt Models4.paragraph 5D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation5.Early discovery of breast cancer may C save a life6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are D still open to debate7.Delaying the age at which screening staris may E reduce the risk of radiationtriggering a cancer8.Radiation exposure should be F reduced to the minimumThe Mir Space Station1.The Russian Mir Space Station ,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years ofpioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history.2.During Mir’s lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintainthe station .3.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to fiveyears, on February 20,1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian.4.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits notonly kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.5. A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science.6.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir.7.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, butMir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.8.Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though5 ,when we compare them with itsaccomplishments.1.paragraph 4 B Rewards Following the US Financial Injection2.paragraph 5 E Mir’s Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration3.paragraph 6 C Mir’s problem Year4.paragraph 8 A Undeniable Mir’s Achievements5.Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for along time was F quite possible6.In Mir, the US astronauts created E many firsts7.When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are D nothing8.The writer tends to think that Mir was B a great successThe Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1.Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built.2.The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in acarton nanotube..3.The technique exploits the fact that surface tension-the tendency of atoms ormolecules to resist separating-becomes more important at small scales.4.Although the amount of energy produced is small-20 microwatts-it is quiteimpressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor.5.In 1988,Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operatingmicromotor, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair.6.Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom.1.paragraph 2 E The Working Principle of the Nanomotor2.paragraph 4 B A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size3.paragraph 5 D Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products4.paragraph 6 F Possible Fields of Application in the Future5.Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to Aremove disease6.Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to B resist separating7.Nanoconveyors could be used to F transport nanoscale objects.8.Applying a small electric current causes atoms to C shuffle between two moltenmetal dropletsWashoe Learned American Sign Language1.An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.2.Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe signlanguage in 1966.3.However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movementfrom watching her teachers.4.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided newinformation about the mental workings of chimpanzees.5.Debate continues about chimps’ understanding of human communication .1.paragraph 1 C General Information about Washoe2.paragraph 2 B Report about Washoe ’s Progress in learning Sign Language3.paragraph 3 E Debate on Chimps’ Intelligence4.paragraph 4 A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This ResearchNowadays.5.Washoe could make signs to communicate C when she wanted to eat6.Some scientists doubted A if the Gardener’s argument was sound7.Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language D while she was at a researchcenter in Ellensburg.8.The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent E because she could use signlanguage to ask for fruits。

职称英语概括大意和完成句子重点讲解

一个中心两条路线------------------概括大意和完成句子一、课程回顾和本课学习目的课程回顾之概括大意：1、中心句为主，标题为辅，横纵两向都不误。

中心句为主：中心句是决定答案的关键。

答案是根据中心句而来的，是和中心句对等的。

我们要根据中心句的意思来选择题目答案，这是横向的解题步骤，也是最关键的。

标题为辅：标题可以告诉我们的是文章的行文脉络。

尤其是对于一些说明文，像是卫生类的疾病类文章，理工类得说明类文章。

其次，这一解题的形式还对综合类的人物传记文章有很大的用处。

因为这些文章所讲的内容是可以预见的，比如理工类的说明文，肯定是定义—工作原理—功能—不好的一面。

有时可能中间会插入与历史上其他同类产品相比较的叙述。

这些都是可以帮助我们在不好找中心句时，依靠自己对于行文脉络的掌握，从选项内容进行判断的答案的纵向解题形式。

2、英语文章常见的写作方式：第一种写作方式：开门见山。

这种方式在职称英语中占得比重最多。

第二种写作方式：声东击西，看似说A实际说的是B。

声东击西式又分为“峰回路转”和“抛砖引玉”。

第三种写作方式：归纳总结式，全文没有明显的中心句。

以综合类的文章为主，主要表现就是全段都是某人说的话。

课程回顾之完成句子：1、完成句子的两条路线。

路线一：与顺序出题为伴：借助顺序出题来解答题目。

根据完成句子的特殊性：四个正确的选项均来自原文但却不具有密切相关性，不具有干扰性；其他的两项由于职称英语考试的特点通常也不具有干扰性。

路线二：题干选项两手抓路线：利用选项信息词回归到原文中出题范围，找到出题的句子。

然后将句子和选项进行对比，看哪一项的单词有和题目句子中的单词有重合的，就是答案。

2、完成句子的辅助锦囊：以概括大意为突破点，解决完成句子题目。

课程目的：本节课主要是帮助大家熟悉技巧的使用，以2010年的真题为实例验证前面所讲技巧的使用性。

使大家对于技巧的应用有一个更全面的认识和了解。

能够更好的使用技巧。

职称英语概括大意和完成句子题答题技巧

职称英语概括大意和完成句子题答题技巧1. 出题思路书内共编写15篇短文，每篇下面都分成两个部分：一是概括大意；二是完成句子。

每小题1分，共8分。

概括大意：要求对四个指定的段落作出概括，从给出的A-F六项中挑选出你认为正确的一项来概括某一段落。

有两项属于干扰项。

其目的是考核学员对指定段落的理解和概括能力。

完成句子：给出4个不完整的句子，要求从A-F六项中挑出你认为正确的一项补充到某一句中，使其合乎逻辑，通顺达意。

有两个干扰项。

其目的是考核学员队语法结构及逻辑关系的理解能力。

2. 解题步骤概括大意部分：（1）先看A-F6项（2）后按指定段落回到短文。

完成句子部分：（1）先看4个不完整句子的语法结构。

（2）后看A-F 6项3. 解题的方法和技巧概括大意部分：（1）先快速将A-F6项翻译过来。

（2）回到指定段落，要重点盯住每一段的第一句，第二句或最后一句，对照A-F6项，选出正确一项。

完成句子部分：（1）重点盯住每句短线的“前”与“后”，依据语法结构，采取“各取所需”进行选项。

（2）如无法进行，采取“上”“下”相通相顺进行选项（3）如还无法进行，就要按照“信息词”回归到原文，找到原句看懂，再进行选项。

实例分析：第一篇Architecture1 Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.2 The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century.3 Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.4 The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to manydifferent kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All theses different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.5 By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture,which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects.概括大意解题思路：概括大意的解题思路我们采取先翻译选项或者划出A-F六项的关键词的方法，然后在原文的中心句中找关键词或者同义改写确定答案，所以我们先划A-F六项的关键词，A选项 bulilding material B选项varieties, modern life， C选项 restoration, D选项evolution，E选项affecting, modern architecture， F选项social art练习1.Paragraph 2_____C________.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第二段的大意，我们需要先找到第二段的中心句，第二段的中心句是：The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well.我们在第二段中心句中可以看到renaissance,这个词是C选项restoration的同义改写，所以第一题的答案选择C。

2011职称英语考试临考《概括大意》精选题(2)

28 Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here______________ .
29 On the faculty of the university there are______________ .
25.答案为A 第四段讲的是学校丰富多彩的文化生活，有文艺演出、有体育活动等等，所以用“多彩的生活”来概括是最适合不过的。
26.答案为E这一段讲的是斯坦福大学这所私立大学的资金来源，除了校友的基金外，学校还从政府和私人慈善基金得到资助，所以学校的资金是十分充足的。
27.答案为E从语法上看，这里需要填入的是主句的主语’rhose high school graduates后面的动词谓语，在六个选项里只有E和F符合条件，从意义上考虑，应该选E，即能进斯坦福的一定是中学里的高才生。
Estee Lauder Died
1 The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics(化妆品)empire and became one of the most influential women in US，has died on Saturday. Estee Lauder died at her home in Manhattan，New York City，a company spokeswoman said.She was 97.
2 Born in Queens, New York in 1908, Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother and a Czech father.

概括大意与完成句子--职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义13

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义13概括大意与完成句子4. As for naps, experts on insomnia（失眠） argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it’s not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine（尼古丁）, do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee beforea nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.26 Paragraph 4 _________A. What should we avoid?B. How much sleep do we need?F. What helps us fall asleep?[答疑编号505916031404]【答案】A【解析】最后一段列举了一些需要注意的事情：午睡可视个人具体情况而定，避免摄入具有刺激性的物品如饮酒、抽烟、喝咖啡等。

2011年职称英语复习方法之概括大意与完成句子

职称英语复习方法之概括大意与完成句子概括大意与完成句子题实际上就是把一篇文章考两遍。

第一遍是考概括大意题，直接到指定段落当中寻找中心主题句的过程。

在考试中，指定四段，但是给六个选项,我们在做题的时候，要用确定中心主题句的位置这种方式。

中心主题句一般会出现段首句的一二句或者是中间。

中间一般会有转折词，像BUT等。

中心主题句中的核心词与选项中出现的单词，他们之间是对应关系。

大家如果明白了对应关系，再做这种题就觉得不难了。

一般会出现以下几种对应关系:一个是单词的复现，选项中A到F出现的单词，可能会在中心主题句当中出现了原封不动的重复出现。

第二，单词发生词性改变。

原来用的是名词，在选项当中用的是副词或者是形容词。

不管怎么变化，它的主干是没有变的。

第三种情况是比较难的现象。

出现了同义词改写。

我们可以用同义词辞典进行解释。

关系到自己总结的时候，要注意观察一下，这个段落当中所出现的重复词。

哪个词频率最高，答案就会是它。

单词复现或者是词性改变，大概是两到三道题。

大家尽可能放心，这种题型在某种意义上是练眼神的。

你只要眼神好，把复现挑出来，基本上做这个题没有什么太大问题。

概括大意解题思路理解文章标题，了解文章主题及文章主题词（偏离文章主题的小标题被选项通常不是答案）；解答问题；1．读小标题被选项，理解各个小标题的语意；2．观察各个小标题在语意上，在结构上，在用词上的相互关系（答案常常出现在有关系的被选项中）；3．找出小标题中的特征词，细节信息词（这些词语通常应该在小标题对应的段落中直接出现）；4．找出小标题中的概括词（这些词语在小标题对应的段落中通常应该有呼应的细节信息）；完成句子解题思路1．读空格前面部分的句子结构，理解其语意，找出结构中可以利用的“线索词”---“特征词”，“细节信息词”，“含有修饰词的结构”；2．利用“线索词”作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句；3．对比问题句及答案相关句的句意，或对比问题句及答案相关句的句子结构，句中用词，对比被选项判断答案.知道上述的方法后大家在做题的时候可以按照上面的做法尝试着去练习,积累经验相信一定会拿下这个得分点.。

职称英语概括大意与完成句子

这些病包括大脑和神经系统发育缺陷及心脏出现空洞。
pregnancy 怀孕
consider认为
increase增加
disorder病症
major 主要的，重大的
formationn. 构成
3.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took otherblood pressuremedicines during the first three months.
Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
每年上百万名女人进行X射线透视，检查是否有乳腺癌迹象。
如果检查得足够1个国家有透视计划。
在这些新生儿中有18个，大约占研究总数的9%，患有严重的先天性疾病。
4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes.
But diabetes during pregnancy canresult in birth defects.
职称英语概括大意与完成句子
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】
【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】
职称英语概括大意与完成句子中级5篇
*第6篇Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
孕妇要警惕ACE抑制剂
1.Some of the mostcommonlyused medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACEinhibitors.

【VIP专享】职称英语复习第三部分概括大意和完成句子附翻译

第十一篇The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows — but never gets as big as the other droplet — and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2.3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension — the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating — becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small — 20 microwatt s — it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be too million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.词汇: shuffle /5FQfl/v.来回运动nanometer /5neinE7mi:tE/n.纳米，毫微米molten /5mEultEn/adj.熔化的micromotor n.微电机droplet /5drCplit/n.小滴nanotube n.纳米管roycvnoconan n.纳米传送带nanotechnology n.纳米技术bump /bQmp/v.碰撞mimic / 5mimik/n.模仿sop /sCp/v.吸入stroke /strEuk/n.行程，冲积microwatt /5maikrEuwCt/n.微瓦nanomotor n.纳米发动机nanomachine n.纳米机器注释:1. ever:比以往任何时候，曾经。

职称英语c级第3部分：概括大意

第一篇：More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep andfeeling refreshed after a night ' s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.23 These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal PsychosomaticMedicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night ' s rest may not need to setaside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that “ it might be a good idea ” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep —for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “ It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they 'll spend a higher percentage of time awake, ” he said.词汇：refresh / r? 'fre?/ v.( 使) 精力恢复questionnaire / ,kwest?? ' ne?(r)/ n. 问卷psychosomatic / ,sa?k??s? ' m?t?k / adj.（指疾病）由精神压力引起的fatigue / f? ' ti:g / n. 疲劳caution / 'k?:??n/ v. 警告insomnia / ?n ' s?mn??/ n. 失眠habitually / h? 'b?tj??l?, - t??-/ adv. 习惯地注释：1. clock up ：时间达到2. they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night ' s sleep than 8-hour sleepers ：falling 和feeling 都是说明trouble 的。

概括大意与完成句子--职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义1

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义1概括大意与完成句子授课内容：1.概括大意的出题特点及解题技巧2.完成句子的出题特点及解题技巧3.课堂练习题型介绍本部分为一300词左右的短文，要求应试者根据文章做两部分题。

考查目标：考查应试者抓大意、找细节的能力。

概括大意部分概括大意：从选项列表中选出指定段落的标题；怎样找到主题句 / 主题词？段首：概括性的句子---细节论述例1：The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd’s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. （2007）A. EducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinksE. FoodF. Nightlife[答疑编号505916030101]【答案】E例2：Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you’re one of these people, you’d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It’s certainly tru e that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.A. EducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinksE. FoodF. Nightlife[答疑编号505916030102]【答案】B例3：Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.A. EducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinksE. FoodF. Nightlife。

职称英语概括大意与完成句子

但专家表示，这些测试结果也不一定可靠。美国食品与药品管理局资助了这项研究。
食品与药品管理局指出：患高血压的妇女在怀孕前应该向医生咨询治疗高血压的其他方法。
dependable可靠的
*第7篇 Screen Test
透视检查
1.Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer.
Also, younger women must be given higherdoses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
但是，用X射线检查年轻女人，就医学上的好处而言，是有争议的，部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小危险。
另外，年轻女人乳房组织紧密，给予的X射线的剂量要多一些。
研究人员表示，患高血压的孕妇在妊娠期的前3个月服用其他降压药，她们的危险性并没有增加。
来自田纳西州的范德比特大学和波士顿大学的研究人员对此进行了研究。
《新英格兰医学杂志》发表了此项研究成果。
研究人员研究了从1985年至2000年出生的约3万新生儿的记录。
其中有209个新生儿的母亲曾经在妊娠期的前3个月里服用过ACE抑制剂。
The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of AtomicRadiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
英国国家辐射保护委员会推荐的数学模型预言，X射线计划会导致每10万名女人中36名患上癌症，18名致死。
估测了女性的辐射累积剂量之后，他们用两种模型计算这可能导致的额外的癌症数量。

职称英语概括大意和完成句子=笔记

概况大意和完成句子一、被动语态：被动词＋ed词要求加by二、讲课：P60〔Science Fiction〕一般情况下给出4段到13段，正常情况是5段、7段、8段；题型分为两大项：1. 概括大意2. 完成句子要求考试时间10分钟。

概括大意一、定义：到指定段落当中寻找中心主题句的过程；二、解题步骤：（1）浏览大标题（2）阅读选项A到F，寻找核心词（核心词主要指：动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词）；注意：对比选择项，寻找差异性。

〔P80〕破折号起说明作用（3）到指定段落中寻找中心主题句子（4）看中心主题句中的核心词与选项中的核心词之间的关系1.复现2.词性改变3.同义改写（同义替换）:如果选项中有teachers、students、schools、colleges、universities等，该段有一个核心词education－教育；如果在段落中看到数字＋people，核心在讲population－人口；只要在选项中看到$、living standard，核心在讲economy－经济；如果出现18℃，27℃等，核心词在讲climate－气候；如果看到gold、copper、iron、fish、forest、mineral、oil、coal等，核心在讲resource －资源；高频出现同义改写的词：grant资金、资助－ fund 提供资金、资助－finance 提供资金、资助f inancial－金融与钱有关的：sum（一笔钱）－money－capital（资本、本金）foretell（预报、预测）－forecast（预测、预言）－predict（预言、预测、预告）affect（影响）－have an effect on/upon－influence－have an impact on/upon三、注意事项（1）先做易、后做难（2）如果答案确定之后，将其从选项中划去，以免干扰（3）如果中心主题句是主从复合句，应重点看主句部分（4）主题句为宾语从句时，重点看宾从（5）中心主题句如果有not only ……but also ，应重点看but also（6）问句一般不会是中心主题句，当是它会为中心主题句起抛砖引玉的作用（7）举例一般不会是中心主题句完成句子：1．定义：将一个不完整的句子补全（补全不完整的句子）一个句子要包含一下几个部分：主语＋谓语（＋状语）＋宾语（1）主语＋＋宾语补谓语动词（2）主语＋谓语＋补宾语或状语（3）＋谓语＋宾语补主语（4）主语＋谓语＋宾语，连词＋补句子2．完成句子的出题方向a.考语法：句子成份分析；固定搭配（语法搭配；词组搭配）b．关键词回归定位法（选项中有两个或两个以上相同结构时用，注意出题顺序）关键词总原则：题目、好找、出题频率低优先原则：短语优先于单个词；比较级优先于原级。

2011职称英语小抄三概括大意和完成句子

7、The way, we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to(C)
8、We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to(B)
Aa stranger's less mature type of thinking
FAccidentalDiscovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water inAntarctica
5、Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought, that a lake of ice(B)
6、Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,(C)
5、In the twentieth century, soot(B)
6、Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases(E)
7、Black soot covered snow and ice.(D)
8、A soot forcing is unusually effective, which(A)
5、To get a good night's rest, people may not need to(F)
6、Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to(E)
7、One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to(A)

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