AdvancedEnglish(11)brief
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2. Each language is unique in its pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. It cannot be described in terms of logic or of some theoretical, ideal language. It cannot be described in terms of any other language, or even in terms of its own past.
at the Univ. of Chicago (1927–40), and
at Yale (from 1940).
• Influence dominated the development of
structural linguistics in America between the 1930s and the 1950s.
Lesson Eleven
But What’s a Dictionary For?
By Bergen Evans
2020/6/10
1
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary -- published in 1961
-- In content , size, shape, and design, this dictionary of 2,752 pages is the great library of the English language. It has over 460,000 entries, 200,000 usage examples, over 3,ooo pictorial illustrations, and more than 1,000 synonym articles. ( addition of 100,000 new words or new definitions that were not included in the Second International Dictionary)
hundred special outside consultants.
2020/6/10
2
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary -- 27 years
-- over $3.5 million were spent on the preparation and making of this dictionaries.
1. All languages are systems of human conventions, not systems of natural laws. The first – and essential – step in the study of any language is observing and setting down precisely what happen when native speakers speak it.
• Known for his book Language (1933), describing
the state of the art of linguistics at its time.
2020/6/10
4
The broad general findings of descriptive linguistics
• In linguistics, prescription is the laying down or
prescribing of normative rules for the use of a language,
or the making of recommendations for effective language usage. It includes the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining an interregional language or a standardized spelling system. (e.g traditoinal grammar)
3. All languages are dynamic rather than static, and hence a “rule” in any language can only be a statement of contemporary practice. Change is constant – and normal.
-- This unabridged Merriam—Webster involved
enormous work and money. over wk.baidu.com00
permanent staff of language experts who
specialize in dictionary making, together with a
4. “Correctness” can rest only upon usage, for the simple reason that there is nothing else for it to rest on. And all usage is relative.
2020/6/10
5
Prescriptive vs. Descriptive linguistics
2020/6/10
3
a) Bloomfield and his four findings
• Bloomfield, Leonard, 1887–1949,
• American linguist, born. Chicago.
• Professor at Ohio State Univ. (1921–27),
-- a total of 10 million citations were collected as background for definition.
-- three virtues were held for making this new edition: accuracy, clearness, and comprehension. Accuracy always comes first .
at the Univ. of Chicago (1927–40), and
at Yale (from 1940).
• Influence dominated the development of
structural linguistics in America between the 1930s and the 1950s.
Lesson Eleven
But What’s a Dictionary For?
By Bergen Evans
2020/6/10
1
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary -- published in 1961
-- In content , size, shape, and design, this dictionary of 2,752 pages is the great library of the English language. It has over 460,000 entries, 200,000 usage examples, over 3,ooo pictorial illustrations, and more than 1,000 synonym articles. ( addition of 100,000 new words or new definitions that were not included in the Second International Dictionary)
hundred special outside consultants.
2020/6/10
2
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary -- 27 years
-- over $3.5 million were spent on the preparation and making of this dictionaries.
1. All languages are systems of human conventions, not systems of natural laws. The first – and essential – step in the study of any language is observing and setting down precisely what happen when native speakers speak it.
• Known for his book Language (1933), describing
the state of the art of linguistics at its time.
2020/6/10
4
The broad general findings of descriptive linguistics
• In linguistics, prescription is the laying down or
prescribing of normative rules for the use of a language,
or the making of recommendations for effective language usage. It includes the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining an interregional language or a standardized spelling system. (e.g traditoinal grammar)
3. All languages are dynamic rather than static, and hence a “rule” in any language can only be a statement of contemporary practice. Change is constant – and normal.
-- This unabridged Merriam—Webster involved
enormous work and money. over wk.baidu.com00
permanent staff of language experts who
specialize in dictionary making, together with a
4. “Correctness” can rest only upon usage, for the simple reason that there is nothing else for it to rest on. And all usage is relative.
2020/6/10
5
Prescriptive vs. Descriptive linguistics
2020/6/10
3
a) Bloomfield and his four findings
• Bloomfield, Leonard, 1887–1949,
• American linguist, born. Chicago.
• Professor at Ohio State Univ. (1921–27),
-- a total of 10 million citations were collected as background for definition.
-- three virtues were held for making this new edition: accuracy, clearness, and comprehension. Accuracy always comes first .