《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap23
CHAPTER 23BANK MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONSGoal of This Chapter: To understand why the banking industry undertakes so many mergers each year, to discover the steps necessary to evaluate and complete a bank merger or acquisition and explore the research evidence concerning the impact of mergers on the banks involved and on service to the public.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterProfit Potential Purchase-of-Assets MethodsCash Flow Risk Purchase-of-Stock MethodEarnings Risk Wholesale BanksTax Benefits Retail BanksMarket-Positioning Benefits Bank Merger Act of 1960Cost Savings (Efficiency) Competitive EffectsMerger Premium Public BenefitsExchange Ratio Justice Department Merger GuidelinesDilution of Ownership Herfindahl-Hirschman IndexChapter OutlineI. Introduction: Merger Trends in BankingII. Mergers on the RiseIII. Motives for the Rapid Growth of Bank Mergers (Merger Motivations)A. Profit PotentialB. Risk ReductionC. Rescue of Failing BanksD. Tax and Market-Positioning MotivesE. Cost Savings or Efficiency MotiveF. Mergers as a Device for Reducing CompetitionG. Other Merger MotivesH. Merger Motives that Banking Executives IdentifyIII. Selecting a Suitable Merger PartnerA. Stock Price EffectsB. Opportunities for Improving Operating EfficiencyC. Diversification Effects and OpportunitiesD. Merger Premiums, P-E Ratios, and Exchange RatiosIV. The Merger and Acquisition Route to Future GrowthV. Methods of Consummating Merger TransactionsA. Purchase-of-Assets MethodB. Purchase-of-Stock MethodVI. Regulatory Rules Applying to Bank Mergers in the United StatesA. Bank Merger Act of 1960285B. Competitive Effects of MergerC. The Public Benefits TestD. Department of Justice Merger Guidelines and the Herfindahl - Hirschman Index VII. The Merger Decision-Making Process by U.S. Federal RegulatorsVIII. New Merger Rules in EuropeIX. Making a Success of MergersX. Research Studies of MergersA. The Financial Impact on BanksB. The Public BenefitsXI. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks23-1. Exactly what is a bank merger?Mergers between banks result in the combining of the assets and liabilities of two or more banks. To effect a merger the shareholders of all the banks involved must approve the merger transaction once it is negotiated among the management of the various banks that are parties to the merger. Once the shareholders of each bank involved give approval to the merger, approval must then be sought from the Department of Justice and the principal federal regulatory agency of each bank in the merger.23-2. Why are there so many mergers each year in the banking industry?Many (if not most) mergers occur because the shareholders of the banks involved expect increased profit potential once the merger is consummated. Alternatively, many partners to mergers anticipate reduced cash-flow risk and possibly reduced earnings risk as well.23-3. What factors seem to motivate most bank mergers?Among the most powerful merger motivations are the belief in greater profit potential if a bank merger is consummated, the expectation of a possible reduction of cash flow risk or earnings risk, the possible rescue of failing banks, the gaining of a tax advantage where profits of one merger partner may be offset by the losses of another merger partner, the search for market-positioning benefits in new markets or in superior locations in existing markets, and the pursuit of lower cost and greater efficiency so that the merged institution achieves a greater margin of revenues over operating expense.23-4. What factors should a bank consider when choosing a good merger partner?The following items are the principal factors usually reviewed by the acquiring banking organization:∙Age and history of the bank.∙Background of management.∙Comparative management styles of the merging organizations.286∙Types of services offered.∙Recent history of changes in deposits, loans, and market shares.∙Principal customers served. Geographic fit.∙Internal control procedures.∙Personnel situation.∙Compatibility of accounting and management information systems.∙Condition/depreciation schedule for offices and other physical assets.∙Adequacy of capital, earnings per share, and ownership dilution before and following the proposed merger.∙Growth of expenses.∙Before-tax and after-tax income and rate of return.23-5. What factors must the regulatory authorities consider when deciding whether to approve or deny a bank merger?Mergers that would significantly damage competition cannot be approved unless there are mitigating instigating circumstances (e.g., one of the banks involved is failing). Public convenience must also be weighed by the banking agencies to determine if the merger would improve the supply of needed services that are perhaps currently not being conveniently and efficiently provided to the public.23-6. When is a banking market too concentrated to allow a merger to proceed? What could happen if a bank merger were approved in an excessively concentrated market area?The Department of Justice guidelines state that the banking market area is too concentrated if the postmerger Herfindahl index is greater than 1800 or if the Herfindahl index changes by more than 200 points. If the Justice Department decides that the resultant merger will make the banking market too concentrated they are likely to challenge the merger in federal court.23-7. What steps that management can take appear to contribute to the chances for success in a bank merger? Why do you think many bank mergers produce disappointing results?There are several steps management can take to improve their chances of success after a merger. First they can know themselves, their strengths and weaknesses and the goals they want to pursue. They can also get a team together before any merger to do a detailed analysis of the potential merger and new market area. They can be careful to establish a realistic price for the target firm. Once the merger has taken place they should form a combined management team from both firms to direct the consolidation of the two firms. They should also establish lines of communication between senior management and branch and line management as well as communication channels for other employees and customers. Finally they should set up customer advisory panels to comment on the new bank’s community image, availabil ity of services and helpfulness. Mergers sometimes produce disappointing results because of ill-prepared management, a mismatch of corporate cultures, excess prices paid by the acquirer, inattention to customers feelings and concerns and a general lack of fit between the two firms.23-8. What does recent research tell us about the impact of most bank mergers?287A recent study, which looked at the earnings impact of approximately 600 national bank mergers, found no significant differences in profitability between merging and comparably sized nonmerging banks serving the same local markets. However, CEOs at a substantial majority of the nearly 600 U.S. bank mergers occurring from 1970-1985 believed their capital base improved and they were now a more efficient banking organization. However, as a study by Rose found there is no guarantee of success in a merger. This study of 572 banks which purchased nearly 650 other banks found a symmetric distribution of earnings outcomes for these mergers – nearly half displaying negative earnings results.23-9. Does it appear that most bank mergers among banking firms serve the public interest?Most studies that have looked at this issue find few real public benefits. However, there is also no convincing evidence that the public has suffered a decline in service quality or availability following most bank mergers. On the positive side, mergers may significantly lower the bank failure rate.Problems23-1. Evaluate the impact of the following proposed mergers upon post-merger earnings per share (EPS) if:A. The acquiring bank has a stock price of $18 per share on 200,000 shares of commonoutstanding with an EPS of $6 due to total net earnings of $1,200,000. The acquiredbank is earning $5 per share on 100,000 shares outstanding and reports total netearnings of $300,000 and its stock sells for $15 per share. If earnings total$1,600,000 after the merger occurs, the acquired bank's shareholders will receive$15 / $18 or 0.833 of a share of stock in the acquiring bank for each share they heldin the acquired institution. This means 0.833 x 100,000 or 83,300 additional sharesof the acquiring bank will be issued for a post-merger total of 283,300 sharesoutstanding. Therefore, the post-merger EPS will be $1,600,000 / 283,300sharesor $5.65 per share.B. The acquiring bank is reporting an EPS of $12 and its stock (with 80,000 sharesoutstanding) is selling for $20 per share. The acquired institution has EPS of $14and its stock (with 75,000 shares outstanding) is presently trading at $24 per share.If the two banks agree to exchange stock at current market values, the acquiredbank's stockholders will receive $24 / $20 or 1.2 shares in the acquiring bank foreach share they hold or 90,000 (1.2 x 75,000) additional shares. After the mergerthere will be 170,000 shares outstanding. With $900,000 in post-merger earnings,the combined banking organization's EPS will be $900,000 / 170,000 shares or$5.29 per share.23-2. The merger premiums and exchange ratios for the mergers described are calculated as follows:288A. The acquired bank is selling at $8 per share with 30,000 shares outstanding, whilethe acquiring bank's stock is selling for $12 per share with 50,000 common equity shares outstanding. The acquiring bank will pay a $4 bonus per share to effect the merger. Therefore, a merger premium will be paid amounting to:Merger Premium (in Percent) = [($8 + $4) / $8] x 100 = 150 percent.With an additional $4 per-share bonus the acquired bank's stock will be valued at $12, exactly the same as the acquiring bank's stock for a $12 / $12 or 1:1 exchange ratio. Earnings per share from the merger will be:EPS = $1,250,000 / 80,000 shares = $15.63.Before the merger, the acquiring bank had an EPS of $20, while the acquired bank reported an EPS of $8.33. This suggests there will be some earnings dilution for the shareholders of the acquiring bank (from $20 to $15.63 per share) as well as some ownership dilution.B. If the acquiring bank's stock is currently selling for $30 per share and the acquiredinstitution's shares are trading at $24 per share and the acquired firm's shareholders are offered a $2 per-share bonus to merge, the merger premium will be:Merger Premium (in Percent) = [($24 + $2) / $24] x 100 = 108.33 percent.Thus, the acquired bank's stock will exchange in a ratio of $26 to $30 for theacquiring bank's stock or 0.867 to 1. Thus, the acquired bank's shareholders willreceive 0.867 x 40,000 or 34,667 shares in the merged institution which will then have a total of 154,667 shares outstanding.Post-merger EPS should be: $900,000 / 154,667 shares = $ 5.82.Before the merger, the acquiring institution reported an EPS of $7.08 and theacquired institution had an EPS of $3.75. Again, the acquiring institution'sshareholders will experience some earnings dilution as well as some decline in their ownership share.28929023-3. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index for the Silverton Metropolitan Area is calculated as follows:Bank Current Deposits Current Deposit Market Share Current DepositMarket Share Squared Silverton National Bank $ 854 million 39.54 % 1563.41 Commerce National Bank 383 million 17.73 314.35 Rocky Mountain Trust Company211 million 9.77 95.45Security National Bank 107 million 4.95 24.50Total $2160 million 100.0 % 2782.27The Silverton market has an HHI above 1800 and is, therefore, highly concentrated. If Rocky Mountain Trust Co. and Security National Bank merge, their combined market share is 14.72 percent and the HHI climbs to 2879.0, a change of only 96.7 points which may be acceptable to the regulatory authorities. However, if Silverton County Merchants Bank and Rocky Mountain Trust Company plan to merge, the combined market share of these two banks is 37.78 percent and the HHI rises to 3329.59, a change of 547 points which will, in all probability, be challenged by the regulatory authorities.23-4. Langley Bank and Trust has just received an offer to merge from Courthouse County National Bank. Langley's stock is currently selling for $40 per share. Moreover, the shareholders of Courthouse County Bank agree to pay Langley's stockholders a bonus of $10 per share. What is the merger premium in this case? If Courthouse County's shares are currently trading for $65 per share, what is the exchange ratio between the equity shares of the two banks? Suppose that Langley has 10,000 shares and Courthouse County has 30,000 shares outstanding. How many shares will Langley’s shareholders wind up with after the merger? How many total shares will the merged bank have outstanding?The merger premium must be:percent 125x100$40$10+ $40The exchange ratio between the respective banks' shares is:($40 + $10) / $65 = 0.77 to 1.If Langley has 10,000 shares outstanding and Courthouse County has 30,000 shares, Langley's shareholders will receive 0.77 x 10,000 or 7,700 shares in the consolidated banking company. The merged firm will have 37,700 shares of stock outstanding.23-5. The community of Wanslow is served by three banks which recently reported total deposits of $234 million, $182 million, and $67 million, respectively. Please calculate the Herfindahl index for the Wanslow market area. Suppose that the second and third largest banks merge, what wouldthe post-merger Herfindahl index be? Under the most recent Department of Justice guidelines discussed in the chapter, would the U.S. Department of Justice be likely to challenge this merger?The banking market in Wanslow has the following structure:Deposits Market Share Square of EachMarket Share Bank A $234 million 48.4% 2342.6 Bank B 182 million 37.7% 1421.3 Bank C 67 million 13.9% 193.2 Totals $483 million 100.0% 3957.1 Thus, the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index is 3957.1 in the Wanslow market area. This is a relatively concentrated market to begin with. If the second and third largest banks merge, the post-merger Herfindahl index climbs to 5,005.2 because the combined share of banks B and C jumps to over 50 percent. Clearly, the Herfindahl index rises by more than 200 points and far exceeds 1800 in total. This merger would be challenged by the Department of Justice in the absence of mitigating factors.23-6. In which of the situations described below do the stockholders of both acquiring and acquired banks experience a gain in earnings per share of stock as a result of a merger:P/E Ratio of AcquiringBank P/E Ratio ofAcquiredBankPre-MergerEarnings ofAcquiring BankPre-MergerEarnings ofAcquired BankCombinedEarningsAfter MergerA. 5 3 $750,000 $425,000 $1,200,000B. 4 6 470,000 490,000 850,000C. 8 7 890,000 650,000 1,540,000D. 12 12 1,615,000 422,000 2,035,000The rule is that the stockholders of both acquiring and acquired banks will experience a gain in earnings per share of stock if a bank with a higher P/E ratio acquired a bank with a lower P/E ratio and combined earnings do not fall after the merger. Only cases A and C meet these criteria and the shareholders in these two cases should experience an earnings-per-share gain.23-7. Please list the steps that you believe should contribute positively to success in a bank merger transaction. What management decisions or actions could cause trouble and not contribute to a bank’s merger goals? On average what proportion of bank mergers would you expect would be likely to achieve the goals of management and/or the owners and what proportion would likely fall short of the mergers’ objectives?The steps a bank can take that will contribute positively to the success in a bank merger include the following:291A.The bank must first evaluate its own financial condition, understand its ownstrengths and weaknesses and its own goals. Mergers can then magnify strengthsand minimize weaknesses.B.The bank should form a team to perform a detailed analysis of all potential newmarkets and acquisitions.C.The bank must establish a realistic price for the acquisitionD.After the merger, a combined management team should be formed to continuallywork towards and assess the progress towards the consolidation of the two firms.E. A communication system needs to be formed between senior management andother managers so everyone feels involved in the merger.munication channels need to be formed so customers and employeesunderstand why the merger took place and what the consequences of the merger arelikely to be.G.Customer advisory panels need to be formed to evaluate and comment on thebank’s image in the community, marketing effectiveness and general helpfulness tocustomers.Management decisions and actions which could cause problems for the merger include managers that are ill-prepared, mergers where there is a poor understanding of each other’s culture, mergers where an excessive price is paid for the merger, mergers where customers feelings and concerns are ignored and mergers where the new firm cannot move forward in a cohesive manner.According to some research, it appears that only half of all mergers achieve the goal of an increase in earnings (or profitability). The other half of mergers see a decrease in earnings for the new firm.Web Site Problems1. How are mergers and acquisitions reshaping the banking industry today at the local, national and international levels? Where on the web can you go to get some idea about how to answer this question?A search on the web for how mergers and acquisitions are shaping the banking industry can lead to answers at all levels. First as a n example of the trends at the local and national level, one good source appears to be a speech by William Poole, President of the St. Louis Federal Reserve (/general/speeches/990112.html). He does not foresee the decline of the community bank because they still retain some advantages including the personal touch. However, I believe he sees continued consolidation among the largest banks. In Europe the outlook is similar. In a speech by Dr. A.H.E.M. Wellink, President of De Nederlandsche Bank(http://www.dnb.nl/english/e_speeches/1999/we991006.htm), he states that changes in technology and the Euro as well as other changes will the structure of the European banking industry by continuing the drive toward consolidation in the industry.2. What appears to be the ingredients of a successful bank merger or acquisition? How can the web help you approach this important issue?292A search on successful bank mergers and acquisition may produce some results from the web. There are several merger and acquisition consultants on the web that can help banks as well as other types of firms. One place (/integrate-intl-mergers.html) suggests that the key ingredient of a successful merger is to make sure the merger partner is suitable (that there are similar cultures,etc.) and that a good due diligence is completed before the merger or acquisition.3. In what parts of the world are most bank mergers occurring today? What does the evidence from the web suggest?I believe that there is considerable activity in cross border mergers in recent years. If a search is done on bank mergers across the world this may lead to several sources of information. One source that has been cited here before is one of the publications of the European Central Bank which states that there are many cross-border mergers taking place, often between European Community member banks and outsiders. There is also information out on the web that suggests that cross-border mergers are taking place in Asia(/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/03/mody.htm). This suggests that bank mergers are growing at a considerable rate in many places in the world.293294。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap4
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap4在学习商业银行管理的过程中，课后习题是巩固知识、检验理解的重要环节。
以下是对《商业银行管理》第四章课后习题的详细答案。
一、选择题1、商业银行的核心资本包括（）A 股本和公开储备B 股本和未公开储备C 债务资本和附属资本D 债务资本和公开储备答案：A解析：核心资本又称一级资本，包括股本（普通股和永久非累积优先股）和公开储备（股票发行溢价、未分配利润等）。
2、下列属于商业银行附属资本的是（）A 重估储备B 普通股C 未分配利润D 公开储备答案：A解析：附属资本包括未公开储备、重估储备、普通准备金、混合资本工具和长期次级债务等。
3、商业银行资本充足率的计算公式是（）A 资本/风险加权资产B 资本/总资产C （核心资本+附属资本）／风险加权资产D （核心资本+附属资本）／总资产答案：C解析：资本充足率＝（核心资本＋附属资本）／风险加权资产。
4、按照《巴塞尔协议》的要求，商业银行的资本充足率不得低于（）A 4%B 8%C 10%D 12%答案：B解析：《巴塞尔协议》规定商业银行的资本充足率不得低于 8%。
二、简答题1、简述商业银行资本的作用。
答：商业银行资本具有以下重要作用：首先，资本为银行的开业、正常经营和持续增长提供了资金基础。
它是银行设立和注册的必要条件，为银行的初期运营提供启动资金。
其次，资本是银行抵御风险的重要防线。
在面临各种风险如信用风险、市场风险、操作风险等时，资本可以吸收损失，保护存款人和其他债权人的利益，维持银行的信誉和稳定。
再者，资本有助于树立公众对银行的信心。
充足的资本向外界传递了银行稳健经营、有能力应对潜在风险的信号，增强了客户、投资者和监管机构对银行的信任。
此外，资本还为银行的扩张和业务发展提供了支持。
银行可以利用资本进行新业务的开拓、分支机构的设立以及技术设备的更新等。
2、简述《巴塞尔协议》对商业银行资本构成的规定。
答：《巴塞尔协议》将商业银行的资本分为核心资本和附属资本两大部分。
《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案之欧阳文创编
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
商业银行管理学课后题答案（第三版全）
商业银行管理学课后题答案（第三版全）商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融负债筹集资金，以多种金融资产为其经营对象，能利用负债进行信用创造，并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。
信用中介：是指商业银行通过负债业务，把社会上各种闲散货币资金集中到银行，通过资产业务，把它投向需要资金的各部门，充当有闲置资金者和资金短缺者之间的中介人，实现资金的融通。
作用：使闲散的货币转化为资本、使闲置资本得到充分利用、续短为长，满足这会对长期资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各种货币结算、货币收付、货币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦储备委员会对商业银行监管的分类检查制度，这类分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（capital）、资产（asset）、管理（management）、收益（earning）、流动性（liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在本地或外地设有若干分支机构，并可以从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在大都市，下属所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
优点：第一，有利于银行吸收存款，有利于银行扩大资本总额和经营规模，能取得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银行使用现代化管理手段和设备，提高服务质量，加快资金周转速度。
第三有利于银行调节资金、转移信用、分散和减轻多种风险。
第四，总行家数少，有利于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干预小。
第五，由于资金来源广泛，有利于提高银行的竞争实力。
缺点：容易加速垄断的形成；并且由于其规模大，内部层次较多，使银行管理的难度增加等。
流动性：指资产变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适当的价格去的可用资金的能力，以便随时应付客户提存以及银行其他支付的需要。
其衡量指标有两个：一是资产变现的成本，二是资产变现的速度。
4.建立商业银行制度的基本原则有哪些？为什么要确立这些原则？答：（一）有利于银行业竞争。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap6
CHAPTER 6ASSET/LIABILITY MANAGEMENT: DETERMINING AND MEASURING INTEREST RATES AND CONTROLLING A BANK’S INTEREST-SENSITIVE GAP Goals of This Chapter: To learn how to measure a bank's exposure to interest-rate risk and how to reduce that risk exposure through coordinated management of bank assets and liabilities.Key Terms Presented In This ChapterAsset-liability Management Yield to Maturity (YTM)Asset Management Bank Discount RateLiability Management Net Interest MarginFunds Management Interest-Sensitive Gap ManagementInterest Rate RiskChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Necessity for Coordinating Bank Asset and Liability ManagementDecisionsII. Asset/Liability Management StrategiesA. Asset Management StrategyB. Liability Management StrategyC. Funds Management StrategyIll. Interest Rate Risk: One of the Banker's Greatest ChallengesA. Nature of Interest-Rate RiskB. Forces Determining Interest RatesC. The Measurement of Interest Rates1. Yield to Maturity2. Bank Discount RateD. The Components of Interest RatesE. Bankers' Response to Interest Rate RiskIV. One of the Goals of Interest-Rate HedgingA. The Net Interest MarginB. Interest-Sensitive Gap Management1. Asset-Sensitive Position2. Liability-Sensitive Position3. Calculation of a Bank's Interest-Sensitive Gap4. Impact of Changing Interest Rates on the Gap5. Decisions that need to be Made Concerning Gap Management6. Computer Techniques for Managing Gap7. Cumulative Gap8. Strategies in Gap Management9. Limitations of Interest-Sensitive Gap Management10. Weighted Interest-Sensitive GapV. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks6-1. What do the following terms mean: Asset management? Liability management? Funds management?Asset management refers to a banking strategy where management has control over the allocation of bank assets but believes the bank's sources of funds (principally deposits) are outside its control. Liability management is a strategy of control over bank liabilities by varying interest rates offered on borrowed funds. Funds management combines both asset and liability management approaches into a balanced liquidity management strategy.6-2. What factors have motivated banks to develop funds management techniques in recent years?The necessity to find new sources of funds in the 1970s and the risk management problems encountered with troubled loans and volatile interest rates in the 1970s and 1980s led to the concept of planning and control over both sides of a bank's balance sheet -- the essence of funds management.6-3. What forces cause interest rates to change? What kinds of risk do bankers face when interest rates change?Interest rates are determined, not by individual banks, but by the collective borrowing and lending decisions of thousands of participants in the money and capital markets. They are also impacted by changing perceptions of risk by participants in the money and capital markets, especially the risk of borrower default, liquidity risk, price risk, reinvestment risk, inflation risk, term or maturity risk, marketability risk, and call risk.Bankers can lose income or value no matter which way interest rates go. Rising interest rates can lead to losses on bank security instruments and on fixed-rate loans as the market values of these instruments fall. Falling interest rates will usually result in capital gains on fixed-rate securities and loans but a bank will lose income if it has more rate-sensitive assets than liabilities. Rising interest rates will also cause a loss to bank income if a bank has more rate-sensitive liabilities than rate-sensitive assets.6-4. What makes it so difficult for banks to forecast interest rate changes?Interest rates cannot be set by an individual bank or even by a group of banks; they are determined by thousands of investors trading in the credit markets. Moreover, each market rate of interest has multiple components--the risk-free interest rate plus various risk premia. A change in any of these rate components can cause interest rates to change. To consistently forecast market interest rates correctly would require bankers to correctly anticipate changes in the risk-free interest rate and in all rate components. Another important factor is the timing of the changes. To be able to take full advantage of their predictions, they also need to know when the changes will take place.6-5. What is the yield curve and why is it important for bankers to know about its shape or slope?The yield curve is a graphical description of the distribution of market interest rates by maturity of financial instrument. The slope of the yield curve determines the spread between long-term and short-term interest rates. In banking most of the long-term rates apply to loans and securities (i.e., bank assets) and most of the short-term interest rates are attached to bank deposits and money market borrowings. Thus, the shape or slope of the yield curve has a profound influence on a bank's net interest margin or spread between asset revenues and liability costs.6-6. What is it that a bank wishes to protect from adverse movements in interest rates?A bank wishes to protect both the value of bank assets and liabilities and the revenues and costs generated by both assets and liabilities from adverse movements in interest rates.6-7. What is the goal of hedging in banking?The goal of hedging in banking is to freeze the spread between asset returns and liability costs and to offset declining values on certain assets by profitable transactions so that a target rate of return is assured.6-8. First National Bank of Bannerville has posted the following financial statement entries: Interest revenues $63 millionInterest costs $42 millionTotal earning assets $700 millionThe bank's net interest margin must be:Net Interest = $63 mill. - $42 mill. = 0.03 or 3 percentMargin $700 mill.If interest revenues and interest costs double while earning assets grow by 50 percent, the net interest margin will change as follows:($63 mill. - $42 mill.) * 2 = 0.04 or 4 percent$700 mill. * (1.50)Clearly the net interest margin increases--in this case by one third.6-9. Can you explain the concept of gap management?Gap management involves determining the maturity distribution and the repricing schedule for a bank's assets and liabilities. When more assets are subject to repricing or will reach maturity in a given period than liabilities or vice versa, the bank has a GAP and is exposed to loss from adverse interest-rate movements based on the gap's size.6-10 When is a bank asset sensitive? Liability sensitive?A bank is asset sensitive when it has more interest-rate sensitive assets maturing or subject to repricing during a specific time period than rate-sensitive liabilities. A liability sensitive position, in contrast, would find the bank having more interest-rate sensitive deposits and other liabilities than rate-sensitive assets for a particular planning period.6-11. Commerce National Bank reports interest-sensitive assets of $870 million andinterest-sensitive liabilities of $625 million. Because interest-sensitive assets are larger than liabilities by $245 million the bank is asset sensitive.If interest rates rise, the bank's net interest margin should rise as asset revenues increase by more than the resulting increase in liability costs. On the other hand, if interest rates fall, the bank's net interest margin will fall as asset revenues decline faster than liability costs.6-12. First National Bank has a cumulative gap for the coming year of + $135 million and interest rates are expected to fall by two and a half percentage points. What is the expected change in First National's net interest income?ExpectedChange in = $135 million * (-0.025) = -$3.38 millionNet Interest IncomeWhat change will occur in net interest income if interest rates rise by one and a quarter percentage points?Expected Changein Net Interest = $135 million * (+0.0125) = +$1.69 millionIncome6-13 How do you measure a bank’s dollar interest-sensitive gap? Its relative interest-sensitive gap? What is the interest-sensitivity ratio?The dollar interest-sensitive gap is measured by taking the repriceable (interest-sensitive) assets minus the repriceable (interest-sensitive) liabilitiies over some set planning period. Common planning periods include 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The relative interest-sensitive gap is the dollar interest-sensitive gap divided by some measure of bank size (often total assets). The interest-sensitivity ratio is just the ratio of interest-sensitive assets to interest sensitive liabilities. Regardless of which measure you use, the results should be consistent. If you find a positive (negative) gap for dollar interest-sensitive gap, you should also find a positive (negative) relative interest-sensitive gap and a interest sensitivity ratio greater (less) than one.6-14 Suppose Carroll Bank and Trust reports interest-sensitive assets of $570 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $685 million. What is the bank’s dollar interest-sensitive gap? Its relative interest-sensitive gap and interest-sensitivity ratio?Dollar Interest-Sensitive Gap = Interest-Sensitive Assets – Interest Sensitive Liabilities= $570 - $685 = -$115Relative Gap = $ IS Gap = -$115 = -0.2018 or -20.18 percent Bank Size $570Interest-Sensitivity = Interest-Sensitive Assets =$570 = .8321 Ratio Interest-Sensitive Liabilities $6856-15 Explain the concept of weighted interest-sensitive gap. How can this concept aid bank’s real interest-sensitive gap risk exposure?Weighted interest-sensitive gap is based on the idea that not all interest rates change at the same speed. Some are more sensitive than others. Interest rates on bank assets may change more slowly than interest rates on liabilities and both of these may change at a different speed than thoseinterest rates determined in the open market. In, the weighted interest-sensitive gap methodology all interest-sensitive assets and liabilities are given a weight based on their speed (sensitivity) relative to some market interest rate. Fed Funds loans, for example, have an interest rate which is determined in the market and which would have a weight of 1. All other loans, investments and deposits would have a weight based on their speed relative to the Fed Funds rate. To determine the interest-sensitive gap, the dollar amount of each type of asset or liability would be multiplied by its weight and added to the rest of the interest-sensitive assets or liabilities. Once the weighted total of the assets and liabilities is determined, a weighted interest-sensitive gap can be determined by subtracting the interest-sensitive liabilities from the interest-sensitive assets. This weighted interest-sensitive gap should be more accurate than the unweighted interest-sensitive gap. The interest-sensitive gap may change from negative to positive or vice versa and may change significantly the interest rate strategy pursued by the bank.Problems6-1. A government bond is currently selling for $900 and pays $80 per year in interest for 5 years when it matures. If the redemption value of this bond is $1,000, what is its yield to maturity if purchased today for $900. The yield to maturity equation for this bond would be:$900 = $80(1YTM)1+ + $80(1YTM)2+ + $80(1YTM)3+ + $80(1YTM)4++ $80(1YTM)5+ + $1,000(1YTM)5+At an YTM of 10 percent the bond's price is $924.28, while at 12 percent its price becomes $864.40. Thus, the true YTM lies between 10% and 12%. To find the true YTM we use: 10% + 40.864$28.924$900$28.924$-- * 2% ≈ 10.81%6-2. Suppose the government bond described in problem #1 is held for 3 years and then the bank acquiring the bond decides to sell it at a price of $950. Can you figure out the average annual yield the bank will have earned for its 3-year investment in the bond?In this instance the yield-to-maturity equation can be modified slightly to find the correct holding-period yield that the bank would earn. Specifically,$900 = $80(1HPY)1+ + $80(1HPY)2++ $80(1HPY)3+ + $950(1HPY)3+At an HPY of 10% the bond's price becomes $912.31, while at 12% the bond's price is $868.56.The true holding period yield must be:10% + 912.31900912.31868.56--⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥ x 2% ≈10.56%.6-3. U.S. Treasury bills are available for purchase this week at the following prices (based upon $100 par value) and with the indicated maturities:a. $97.25, 182 days.b. $96.50, 270 days.c. $98.75, 91 days.The discount rates and equivalent yields to maturity (bond-equivalent or coupon-equivalent yields) on each of these Treasury bills are:Discount Rates Equivalent Yields to Maturitya.(10097.25)100- * 360182 = 5.44% (365x.0544)[360(0.0544x182)]- = 19.856350.1 = 5.67% b.(10096.50)100- * 360270 = 4.67% (365x.0467)[360(.0467x270)]- = 17.046347.39 = 4.91% c. (10098.75)100- * 36091 = 4.95% (365x.0495)[360(.0495x91)]- = 18.07355.5 = 5.08%6-4. The First State Bank of Ashfork reports a net interest margin of 3.25 percent in its most recent financial report with total interest revenues of $88 million and total interest costs of $72 million. What volume of earning assets must the bank hold?The relevant formula is:Net Interest Margin = .0325 = AssetsEarning mil. $72mill. $88-Then Earning Assets = $492.31 million.Suppose the bank's interest revenues rise by 8 percent and its interest costs and earning assets increase 10 percent. What will happen to Ash Fork's net interest margin?Substituting in the correct formula we have:New Net Interest Margin = .10)million(1 $492.3.10)million(1 $72.08)(1 million $88++-+= million$541.53million $79.20million $95.04-= 0.0293 or 2.93 percent.6-5. If a bank's net interest margin, which was 2.85 percent, doubles and its total assets, which stood originally at $545 million, rise by 40 percent, what change will occur in the bank's net interest income?The correct formula is:.0285 * 2 = .4)(1*million 545$Income Interest Net +or Net Interest Income = 0.057 * $763 million= $43.49 million.6-6. The cumulative interest-rate gap of Snidal State Bank and Trust Company doubles from an initial figure of -$35 million. If market interest rates fall by 25 percent from an initial level of 6 percent, what change will occur in Snidal Bank's net interest income?The key formula here is:Change in the Bank's = Change in interest rates (in percentage points) * cumulative gap Net Interest = 0.06 * -.25 x (-$35 mill.) * 2Income = 1.05Thus, the bank's net interest income will rise by 5 percent.6-7. Given: Merchants State Bank has recorded the following financial data for the past three years (dollars in millions):Current Year Previous Year Two Years Ago Interest revenues $57 $56 $55 Interest expenses 49 42 34 Loans (Excluding nonperforming) 411 408 406 Investments 239 197 174 Total deposits 487 472 467 Money market borrowings 143 118 96 Solution:Net interest margin (NIM) = Net Interest Income/Earning Assets, whereNet Interest Income = Net Interest Revenues - Net Interest ExpensesEarning Assets = Loans + InvestmentsNIM(Current) = ($57-49)/(411 + 239) = 8/650 = 0.0123 or 1.23%NIM(previous) = ($56-42)/(408 + 197) = 14/605 = 0.0231 or 2.31%NIM(Two years ago) = ($55-34)/(406 + 174) = 21/580 = 0.0362 or 3.62%The net interest margin has been declining steadily and significantly. Probable causes include greater increases in interest expenses relative to interest income due to shifts in funding mix with greater dependence on borrowed funds (more expensive sources) relative to deposits (less expensive sources). Additionally, the mix in earning assets, with greater growth in lower yielding investment securities than in higher yielding loans, is another contributor to the steadily declining net interest margin.Management needs to reevaluate its funding strategies and its loan and investment strategies. If slower loan growth is related to external forces -- for example, a weaker economy -- then less borrowing should be considered. If the slower loan growth is more internal, then more aggressive loan management would be appropriate.6-8 The First National Bank of Wedora, California has the following interest-sensitive gaps:Coming WeekNext30 DaysNext31-90 DaysMore Than90 DaysInterest - $144 $110 $164 $184 Sensitive +29 +19 29 8 Assets = $173 $129 $193 $192 Interest - $232 $ --- $ --- $ --- Sensitive 98 84 196 35 Liabilities = 36 6 --- ---$366 $90 $196 $35 GAP - $193 + $39 - $3 + $157 Cumulative GAP - $193 - $154 - $157 $0First National has a cumulative zero gap and therefore is not vulnerable to loss if interest rates rise. It does have a positive gap in two periods--the next 30 days and more than 90 days. During these particular periods a rise in interest rates would produce a short-run gain.6-9 First National Bank of Barnett currently has the following interest-sensitive assets and liabilities on its balance sheet:Interest-Sensitive Assets Interest-Sensitive LiabilitiesFederal fund loans $65Security holdings $42 Interest-bearing deposits $185Loans and leases $230 Money-market borrowings $78What is the bank’s current interest-sensitive gap? Suppose its Federal funds loans carry an interest-rate sensitivity weight of 1.0 while its investments have a rate-sensitivity weight of 1.15 and its loans and leases display a rate-sensitivity weight of 1.35. On the liability side First National’s rate-sensitivity weight is 0.79 for interest-bearing deposits and 0.98 for itsmoney-market borrowings. Adjusted for these various interest-rate sensitivity weights, what is the bank’s weighted interest-sensitive gap? Suppose the Federal funds interest rate increases or decreases one percentage point. How will the bank’s net interest income be affecte d (a) given its current balance sheet make up and (b) reflecting its weighted balance sheet adjusted for the foregoing rate-sensitivity weights?Solution:Dollar IS Gap = ISA - ISL = ($65 + $42 + $230) - ($185 + $78) = $337 - $263 = $74 Weighted IS Gap = [(1)($65) + (1.15)(42) + (1.35)(230)] - [(.79)($185) + (.98)($78)] = $65 + $48.3 + $310.5 - $146.15 + $76.44= $423.8 - $222.59= $201.21a.) Change in Bank’s Income = IS Gap * Change in interest rates= ($74)(.01) = $.74 millionUsing the regular IS Gap, net income will change by plus or minus $740,000b.) Change in Bank’s Income = Weighted IS Gap * Change in interest rates= ($201.21)(.01) = $2.012Using the weighted IS Gap, net income will change by plus or minus $2,012,0006-10 McGraw Bank and Trust has interest-sensitive assets of $225 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $168 million. What is the bank’s dollar interest-sensitive gap? What is McGraw’srelative interest-sensitive gap? What is the value of its interest-sensitivity ratio? Is the bank asset sensitive or liability sensitive? Under what scenario for market interest rates will the bank experience a gain in net interest income? A loss in net interest income?Dollar Interest-Sensitive Gap = ISA – ISL = $225 - $168 = $57Relative Interest-Sensitive Gap = ISA – ISL = $57 = 0.2533Bank Size $225Interest-Sensitivity Ratio = ISA = $225 = 1.3393ISL $168This bank is asset sensitive. More assets will be repriced during this time period than liabilities. This means that if interest rates rise, the interest earned on assets will rise relative to the interest paid on liabilities and net interest margin will rise. However, if interest rates fall, interest earned on assets will fall more than interest paid on liabilities and net interest margin will fall.Web Site Problems1. Suppose you want to know what types of banks make the greatest use of asset-liability management tools and what their biggest ALM problems are? Where would you go on the web to try to get answers to these questions?Almost all banks are required by regulators to have some kind of ALM management in place. These techniques can be as simple as the interest sensitive gap discussion in this chapter or the duration gap management in the next chapter. However, there are many consulting firms out there that have developed specific models for managing ALM. One way to see what is out there is to do a search on bank ALM management and see some of the sites that are out there. These sites range from sites for the consulting firms to more general sites that provide a good definition and description of ALM management. Two sources that are available at this time for general information on asset-liability management are/glossaryassetliabilitymanagement.htm and/Products/nccb_asset.htm. However if you want a good discussion of specific models and the problems people are having with ALM management, one good source appears to be /. This site has several discussion groups on various ALM topics.2. If a new web model to apply ALM techniques to a bank’s risk exposure is developed, at what web site are you most likely to find a discussion of that new ALM model?The best place to get information about a new ALM model would be the/ site mentioned above. If a promising new model were developed it would be sure to show up in the discussion groups mentioned above.3. If you need guidance on how to prepare bank forecasts and measure risk as part of a bank’s ALM activities which web site could be most helpful to you?If you are not willing to go to a consultant about how to develop bank forecasts and measure risk, the / web site would probably be the most helpful site. There are many discussions there about how to deal with specific measurement issues and how to find information to determine the risk of your bank compared to peer institutions.85。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap21
CHAPTER 21PRICING CONSUMER AND REAL ESTATE LOANSGoal of the Chapter: To learn how consumer and real estate loan rates may be determined and to see the options a bank loan officer has today in pricing loans to individuals and families.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterAnnual percentage rate (APR) Compensating deposit balanceSimple interest Fixed rate mortgages (FRMs)Discount rate method Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs)Add-on method PointsRule of 78sChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Challenge of Pricing Consumer and Real Estate LoansII. The Interest Rate Attached to Nonresidential Consumer LoansA. Cost-Plus Loan Rate ModelB. Annual Percentage RateC. Simple InterestD. The Discount Rate MethodE. The Add-On Loan Rate MethodF. Rule of 78sG. Compensating Balance RequirementsIII. Use of Variable Rates on Consumer LoansIV.Interest Rates on Home Mortgage LoansA.Fixed Rated MortgagesB.Variable Rate MortgagesC.Charging the Customer Mortgage PointsV Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks21-1. What options does a bank loan officer have in pricing consumer loansMost consumer loans, like most business loans, are priced off some base or cost rate, with a profit margin and compensation for risk added on. The rate on a consumer loan may be figured from the cost-plus model or the base-rate model. Most installment and lump-sum payment loans are made with fixed interest rates. However, due to the volatility of interest rates in the 1 970’s and 1980's, a greater number of floating rate consumer loans have appeared.21-2. Suppose a customer is offered a loan at a discount rate of 8 percent and pays $75 in interest at the beginning of the term of the loan. What net amount of credit did this customer receive?The relevant formula is:Then the net amount of credit received must be $75/.08 or $937.50.Suppose you are told that the effective rate on this loan is 12 percent. What is the average loan amount the customer had available during the year?In this instance:Interest Owed $75Effective loan ratio = Average Loan Amount During the Year= x = 0.12Then the average loan amount during the year must be:x = $75 = $625.0.1221-3. See if you can determine what APR you are charging a consumer loan customer using the tables inside the back cover of this text if you grant the customer a loan for 5 (payable in monthly installments) years which carries a finance charge per $100 of $42.74.The terms quoted mean that the customer must pay an APR of 15 percent according to the Annual Percentage Rate Table in the tables inside the text's back cover.21-4. A customer is quoted an APR of 16 percent on a loan of $10,000, lasting for 4 and payable in monthly installments years.According to the Table in Appendix B the Finance charge per $100 of amount financed must be $36.03 or $36.03 *100 = $3603 in total finance charges.Problems21-1. William Crenshaw, who owns a small retail business, has requested a personal loan of $4500 for one year. He asks for a lump-sum loan with no installment payments; the loan, as requested, will be repaid at the end of the year plus interest. However, the bank wants monthly payments at an annual interest rate of 13 percent.If Crenshaw had received the loan under his preferred terms he would pay:Discount Interest Owed $75 loan rate = Net Amount = x = 0.08 of Credit ReceivedInterest Owed = Principal *Rate * Time = $4500 * 0.13 * 1 = $585.On the other hand, if the loan is repaid in 12 equal monthly installments (of $375 apiece) theinterest owed would be:First Month: $4500 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $48.75Second Month: $4125 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $44.69Third Month: $3750 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $40.62Fourth Month: $3375 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $36.56Fifth Month: $3000 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $32.50Sixth Month: $2625 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $28.44Seventh Month: $2250 x 0.13 x 1/12 =$24.37Eighth Month: $1875 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $20.31Ninth Month: $1500 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $16.25Tenth Month: $1125 x O.13 x 1/12 = $12.19Eleventh Month: $750 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $ 8.12Twelfth Month: $375 x 0.13 x 1/12 = $ 4.06Total Interest Paid $316.86In straight dollar terms it appears that Crenshaw pays less interest ($316.86 versus $585) with the loan paid back in monthly installments rather than repayment of a lump sum at the end. However, because Crenshaw has use of only about half the loan's balance (or $2250) on average over the year when repayment is in 12 equal installments he pays an approximate effective interest rate of $316.86/$2250 or 14.08% with the installment loan which significantly exceeds the loan contract rate of 13% under the lump-sum loan contract. (Note: We emphasize the word approximate.)As an alternative solution to this problem, we could prepare an amortization schedule for this loan, which would look like the following:For a $4,500 loan with a 13% annual interest rate and repayment on a monthly basis, the payment each month would be $401.85.Interest PrincipalBeginning Balance Payment Portion Portion Ending Balance$4,500.00 $401.85 $48.75 $351.10 $4,148.90$4,148.90 $401.85 $44.95 $356.90 $3,792.00$3,792.00 $401.85 $41.08 $360.77 $3,431.23$3,431.23 $401.85 $37.17 $364.68 $3,066.55$3,066.55 $401.85 $33.22 $368.63 $2,697.92$2,697.92 $401.85 $29.23 $372.62 $2,523.30$2,523.30 $401.85 $25.19 $376.66 $2,146.64$2,146.64 $401.85 $23.26 $378.59 $1,768.05$1,768.05 $401.85 $19.15 $382.70 $1,385.35$1,385.35 $401.85 $15.01 $386.84 $ 998.51$ 998.51 $401.85 $10.82 $391.03 $ 607.48$ 607.48 $401.85 $ 6.58 $395.27 $ 212.21$ 212.21 $214.51* $ 2.30 $212.21 $ 0.00Total Interest Paid $336.71* The final payment will equal the balance remaining before the last payment plus the interest on that balance. In most, if not all cases, this payment will be different from the regular payment.21-2. Frank Petrel plans to start an auto repair shop and has requested a $10,000 new-venture loan. The bank wishes to make a discount-rate loan at prime plus 2 percentage points or 14.5 percent.This means Petrel will receive net loan proceeds of $10,000 - $10,000 * 0.145 = $8550.Using this net figure as a base, Petrel will pay an effective interest rate of$1450 / $8550 or 16.96%.Alternative Scenario 1:Would Mr. Petrel be better off if he were able to get a $10,000 personal loan with a 12.5% add-on rate for one year? Why or why not?Solution:In this instance, Petrel would have to repay the $10,000 plus $10,000 x 0.125 in interest or $1250. He would be asked to make monthly installment payments of ($10,000 + $1250) / 12or $937.50 per month for 12 months. Because Petrel would have only $5,000 in borrowed funds on average to use over a 12-month period, the approximate effective interest rate he would pay under the add-on rate method would be $1250 / $5000 or about 25 percent. (A financial calculator solution gives us an effective rate of 22.32%.) Clearly this effective rate would be much higher than the interest rate on the discount business loan.Alternative Scenario 2:What happens to the effective rate on Mr. Petrel's loan if the prime rate changes to 10 percent?Solution:The rate on Mr. Petrel's discounted loan would be 12 percent (10% + 2%).The net proceeds from the loan would, therefore, be$10,000 - ($10,000 * .12) = $10,000 - $1,200 = $8,800.The effective cost of the loan would then be$1,200 / $8,800 = .1364 or 13.64%. (Declines from 16.96%)Alternative Scenario 3:How does the effective rate on this loan change if the prime rate increases to 13 percent?Solution:The rate on Mr. Petrel's discounted loan would be 15 percent (13% + 2%).The net proceeds from the loan would be$10,000 - ($10,000 *.15) = $10,000 - $1,500 = $8,500.The effective cost of the loan would then be$1,500 / $8,500 = .1765 or 17.65%. (Increases from 16.96%)Alternative Scenario 4:Suppose Mr. Petrel is able to raise personal equity to put into the new business in the amount of $2,500 from his accumulated savings and from a small loan extended by a close friend. The bank will then lend him just $7,500 at a discount rate of prime plus one-and-one-half percentage points (currently prime is 12 percent). What is the effective interest rate on the loan in this case?Solution:The rate on Mr. Petrel's discounted loan would be 13.5 percent (12% + 1.5%).The net proceeds from the loan would be$7,500 - ($7,500 *.135) = $7,500- $1,012.50 = $6,487.50.The effective cost of the loan would then be$1,012.50 / $6,487.50 = .1561 or 15.61%.21-3. The Robbins family has asked for a 20-year mortgage in the amount of $60,000 to purchase a home. At a 10 percent loan rate, what is the required monthly payment?Solution:$579.01 1- 0.10/12) 1(0.10/12) (1 * 0.10/12 * 60,000$12*2012*20=++Because of the computational problems in the above formula, an easier approach is to use the tables inside the text's back cover to find the:Total Finance Charge Per $100 Financed = $131.61Total Finance Charge on the Loan Amount Requested =($60,000 / $100) x $131.61 = $78,966Required Monthly Payment = Total Finance Charge + Loan AmountNumber of Payments= [$78,966 + $60,000] / 240 = $ 579.03Alternative Scenario 1:If the Robbinses' home mortgage loan rate is adjustable and rises to 11 percent at the beginning of the second year of the loan, what will the required monthly payment be?Solution:$628.48 1- 0.11/12) 1(0.11/12) (1 * 0.11/12 * 000,60$12*1912*19=++Note that we assume the first-year loan rate is 10 percent and then rises to 11 percent for theremaining 19 years (or 228 months) of the 20 year loan. Also, for ease of calculations, we assume that there has been no significant reduction in the principal amount of the loan. In reality, the Robbins will have reduced the principal to approximately $59,000 at the end of the first year. Interpolation in the tables inside the text's back cover for an 11percent loan for 228 remaining monthly payments gives:Total Finance Usage Per $100 Financed = $104.59) - ($147.73 * 180- 240180-228 104.59$+= $104.59 + $34.51 = $139.10Total Finance Charge on Remainder of Loan = ($60,000/$100) * $139.10 = $83,460Required Monthly Payment = $59,000)on ($618 $629.21 228$60,000 $83,460=+Alternative Scenario 2:Suppose the rate on the Robbinses' home mortgage declines to 9 percent at the beginning of the loan's second year. What happens to the required monthly payment?Solution:Note: Since Table 3 in the Appendix does not have 9 percent, we will calculate the required monthly payment using a financial calculator.Required Monthly Payment for $60,000 at 9 percent (.75% per month) for 19 years/(228 months)= $550.14 ($540.97 for $59,000)Alternative Scenario 3:Would the Robbins family be better off under all of the above scenarios if they took out a 15-year mortgage instead of a 20-year mortgage? What would they gain and what would they give up with this mortgage loan of a shorter maturity?Solution:The answer to this question depends upon the Robbinses' ability to make the higher payments that would be required on a shorter term mortgage.In each case, the Robbinses would have a higher monthly payment; however, their total payments would be less, their home would be paid for in less time, and they would accumulate equity in the home more quickly.21-4. James Alters received a $1500 loan last month with the intention of repaying the loan in 12 months. However, Alters now discovers he has the cash to repay the loan right now after making just one payment. What percentage of the total finance charge is Alters entitled toreceive as a rebate and what percentage of the loan's finance charge is the bank entitled to keep?The Rule of 78s applies here. James Alters is entitled to receive back as an interest rebate:percent 63.33 = 100x 78671211...2111 + . . . + 2 + 1=++++of the total finance charges on the loan: the lender is entitled to keep 36.67 percent of the finance charges associated with this loan.21-5. Constance Homer asks for a $10,000 loan. Slidell Corners State Bank agrees to give her immediate use of $9400 and to deduct $600 in interest up front. The effective discount rate on this loan is:6.38% $9400$600 Received Credit of Amount Net Owed Interest ==21-6. The Lindal family wants to borrow $2500 for a year to finance a European vacation. If the family must pay a 12 percent add-on loan rate, how much in interest will they pay?Interest Paid = Loan principal * Loan Rate = $2500 * 0.12 = $300What is the amount of each required monthly payment?Amount of Monthly Payment = $233.33 12$300 $2500=+What is the effective loan rate in this case?Effective Loan Rate = 24%or 0.24 $1250$300 Year the During Amount Average Owed Interest ==21-7. The APR for Joseph Nework's $10,000, 3-year automobile loan can be determined from the annual percentage rate table for monthly payment plans inside the back cover of the text.If Joseph must pay $2217 in total finance charges over 36 months, the table tells us he is paying100$2217$ or $22.17 per $100 or an APR of 13.50 percent.21-8. If Kyle Ellisor is to receive a 30-year mortgage loan in the amount of $225,000 at an APR of 14%, he will pay finance charges of $326.55 per $100 borrowed over the life of this loan (see the annual percentage rate tables inside the back cover of the text). Therefore, he will pay in total finance charges$100$225,00* $326.55 = $734,737.50.21-9. The Quisling family asks to borrow $1800 at 11 percent simple interest for one year. It will pay the following interest bill:I = P * r * t = $1800 * 0.11 * l = $198Therefore, they must pay back a total of $1998 in principal and interest.21-10. Mary Perland will pay the following in interest on her $1200 loan for one year at 8 percent simple interest:First Quarter: I = $1200 x 0.08 x 1/4 = $24Second Quarter: I = $900 x 0.08 x 1/4 = $18Third Quarter: I = $600 x 0.08 x 1/4 = $12Fourth Quarter: I = $300 x 0.08 x 1/4 = $6Total Interest owed = $24 + $18 + $12 + $6 = $60.If Mary were offered the $1200 loan at a 6 percent simple interest rate and the loan is paid in lump sum at maturity, she will pay total interest of:$1200 * 0.06 x 1 = $72.She clearly would pay more in interest but would have the full $1200 available for her use for one year.21-11. The Tielman family has asked for a $2500 loan for one year to complete home repairs. First National Bank assesses an 8 percent rate of interest and requires a $500 minimum compensating balance left in a deposit. The effective interest rate on this loan must be:10%or 0.10 $2000$200 $500 - $25000.08 * $2500 Amount Loan Net Owed Interest ===Actually 10 percent is the minimum loan rate. If the Tielman's keep a deposit balance larger than the minimum $500 required the effective loan rate will climb higher.21-12. Bill and Sue Rogers are negotiating with their local bank for a home mortgage loan in the amount of $80,000. The bank levies an up-front fee of 1.5 points on this loan. The dollar amount of points they must pay upfront is:Dollar Value of Points = $80,000 * 0.015 = $1200.The Rogers will have available for their use only $78,800 or $80,000 less $1200.21-13 As a loan officer you quote Mr. and Mrs. Coldner an APR of 14 percent on a two year loan to remodel their kitchen. The loan amount is $6000. Using the APR tables inside the back cover of the text determine the total finance charge on this loan.$913.80 15.23 x $100$6000= is the total amount in finance charges the Coldner’s wi ll pay.If they insist on a 12 percent loan$778.80 12.98 x $100$6000= is the total amount in finance charges the Coldner’s will payThe bank will lose $13521-14. Dresden bank’s personal loan department quotes Mr. Angelo a finance charge of $6.06 for each $100 in credit the bank is willing to extend to him for a year (assuming the balance of the loan will be paid off in 12 equal installments). What APR is Mr. Angelo being quoted by the bank? How much would he save per $100 borrowed if he could retire the loan in 6 months?The APR on this loan is 11 percent. If he could retire the loan in 6 months the finance charges per $100 would be $3.23. He would save $2.83 per $100 borrowed.21-15. Would you expect loan interest rates on new cars to be higher than on used cars? Why or why not? Would you expect a personal loan to carry a higher interest rate than an automobile loan? Why or why not?I would expect the interest rate on the new car loan to less than the interest rate on a used car loan. In general, newer cars are easier to sell than used cars and the bank would stand a better chance of getting their money back in the event of default on the loan. However, this may depend on the make and model of the car and the market for used cars.I would expect the interest rate on the personal loan to be higher than the interest rate on the automobile loan. In the personal loan there may not be any specific and identifiable assets pledged as collateral on the loan. In the case of the automobile loan the car purchased is generally used as collateral. In the event of default it may be more difficult for the bank to get their funds back on the personal loan.Web Site Problems1. What methods are in greatest demand today to aid in the pricing of consumer loans and real estate (particularly housing) credit? How can the world wide web be of help in this area? What web sites look especially good?I believe that the most common method for calculating consumer loan interest rates and payments is the APR. Since this is the method that banks must report by law, it is now the most often used method for calculating payments on consumer loans. The web can help because there are a number of places on the web where can find information about prevailing interest rates on consumer loans and a number of places that will calculate your payments based on a particular APR and amount borrowed. For examplehttp://moneysense.quicken.ca/eng/auto/calculators/payments/index.phtml is a place to calculate automobile loans. There are many other places on the web where you can make the same calculation.2. Why is credit scoring useful in helping to price consumer and home mortgage loans? Where can you go to get good credit-scoring information?The demand for consumer loans has expanded exponentially in recent years. As a result the need for a quick and reliable way to determine whether an individual will pay back a loan was needed. This led to the development of credit scoring. There are many web sites that discuss credit scoring and the advantages and disadvantages of these models. One web site that I found is/article1.htm. This web site is good because it does give a history of why credit scoring models have developed and a very basic description of how it works and the advantages and disadvantages. In addition there are several web sites where you can get an estimate of your credit score.3. Why is regulation so important in the personal loan area? How can you use the web to stay abreast of rule changes in the consumer loan field?Regulations are needed in this important field because it is very easy to take advantage ofill-informed individuals by charging them excessive interest rates and fees. Because of the changing technology and increased consumer demand for loans there have been a number of changes in regulations for consumer lending in recent years and changes will continue to be made in the future. There are a number of sites out on the web to help individuals keep up with these changes. One place to check is with the regulatory agencies overseeing banks (OCC, FDIC, FRS) as these agencies regularly post updates to the laws. In addition, as a banker there are several web sites that advertise seminars and classes on consumer lending which would include a discussion of the latest laws and regulations in this important area. One web site that lists several classes in this area is the web site of the American Bankers Association (ABA) at/Conferences+and+Education/onlinecourse8.htm.。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap19
CHAPTER 19PRICING BUSINESS LOANSGoal of This Chapter: To explore different methods used by bankers today to price business loans and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these pricing methods for achieving a bank's goals.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterCost-plus loan pricing Below-prime pricingPrice leadership Cap ratesPrime rate Customer profitability analysisLIBORChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Challenge of Trying to Correctly Price Business Loans in a HighlyCompetitive MarketII. The Cost-Plus Loan Pricing MethodIll. The Price Leadership ModelA. Prime or Base Rate PricingB. Loan Risk and the MarkupC. Prime-Plus versus Times Prime PricingD. LIBOR-based Loan PricingE. Below-Prime Market Pricing (The Markup Model)F. Loans Bearing Maximum Interest Rates (Caps)IV. Customer Profitability AnalysisA. The Basic FormulaB. A Numerical ExampleC. Earnings Credit for Customer DepositsD. The Future of Customer Profitability AnalysisVI. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks19-1. What methods are in use today to price business loans?The following methods are in use today to price business loans:a. Cost-plus pricing d. CAP rateb. Price leadership pricing model e. Customer Profitability Analysisc. Markup market-pricing modelCost-plus-profit pricing requires the bank to estimate the total cost involved in making aloan and then adds to that cost estimate a small margin for profit. The price-leadership model, on the other hand, bases the loan rate upon a national or international rate (such as prime or LIBOR) posted by major banks and then adds a small increment on top for profit or risk. The markup model prices a loan on the basis of cost plus a risk premium added to those loans with greater credit risk and/or longer term loans that have greater term risk.CAP rates specify a maximum rate that a borrower can be assessed, thus limiting a borrower's interest-rate risk. Customer profitability analysis looks at all the revenues and costs involved in serving a customer and then requires the bank to calculate the net rate of return from this particular customer.19-2. The loan rate quoted for this $10 million corporate loan would be:Loan Rate = 4 percent Loan Funds Cost + .5 percent Non-funds Operating Cost+ .375 percent default risk premium+ .625 percent term risk premium+ .25 percent profit margin= 5.75 percentBased on a $10 million loan this customer will pay in interest each year:$10,000,000*.0575 = $575,000.19-3. What are the principal strengths and weaknesses of the loan-pricing methods in use today?a. Cost-plus pricingStrength: considers the cost of raising loanable funds and operating costs of running the bank.Weaknesses: banks must know what their costs are in order to consistently makeprofitable, correctly priced loans; gives little regard to competition from other lenders.b. Price leadership pricing modelStrength: considers competition from other lenders, allows for a risk premium to be added to the base or prime rate.Weakness: does not consider the marginal cost of raising loanable funds.c. Markup market-pricing modelStrength: allows banks to compete more aggressively with the commercial paper market.Weakness: narrow margins (markups) on loans.d. CAP rateStrength: is another service option that a bank may offer its customers for a specific fee.Weakness: a prolonged period of high interest rates will effectively transfer the risk offluctuating interest rates from borrower to lender.e. Customer profitability analysisStrength: takes the whole customer relationship into account when pricing each loan request.Weakness: must consider revenues and expenses from all of the bank's dealings with the customer.19-4. What is customer profitability analysis?Customer profitability analysis looks at all the revenues and costs involved in serving a customer and then requires the bank to calculate the net rate of return from all the services the bank sells to this particular customer.Problems19-1. The expected revenues and costs from continuing the present relationship between Enterprise National Bank and USF Corporation were given in this problem and the reader is asked to estimate the expected net rate of return if the bank renews its loan to USF.The total of expected revenues and expected costs is:Expected Revenues Expected CostsInterest Revenue $ 1,100,000 Deposit Interest $ 25,000 Commitment Fees 100,000 Cost of Other Funds Raised 975,000 Deposit Service 4,500 Wire Transfer Costs 1,300 (Maintenance) Fees Loan Processing Costs 12,400 Wire Transfer Fees 3,500 Record keeping Expenses 4,500 Agency Fees 8,800 Account Activity Cost 19,000 Total Expected $1 216,800 Total Expected Costs $ 1,037,200 RevenuesGiven: Total Expected Revenues = $1,216,800Total Expected Costs = $1,037,200Net Revenue = $1,216,800 - $1,037,200 = $179,600Net Funds Loaned = $10,000,000 - $2,125,000 = $7,875,000Expected Net Rate of Return = $179,600/ $7,875,000 = .0228 or 2.28%Because the estimated net rate of return is positive, the bank should strongly consider approving the loan as requested because the bank can earn a premium over its costs.If you decide to turn down this request, under what assumptions regarding revenues, expenses, and customer-maintained deposit balances would you make this loan?An initial reaction might be to increase loan revenues by raising the interest rate on the loan or increasing the loan commitment fee. Depending on the customer's relationship with the bank and with other banks, this may prove to be extremely difficult. Initially, it was assumed that the customer would draw down the entire line of credit, that is, borrow the full $10,000,000. If the customer were to borrow less than the full amount, the cost of funds raised to support this loan could be reduced, increasing the net revenue from the loan. Relative to expenses, it would be more likely that some adjustment in the expenses associated with the relationship would be more appropriate. For example, a careful examination of the relationship activities could allow for a revision of estimated costs incurred by the bank to manage the various aspects of the relationship. As far as the customer-maintained balances are concerned, there could be an opportunity to revise these estimates upward, making the net funds loaned smaller and the expected net rate of return greater.Alternative Scenario 1:Given: Prime rate drops from 10% to 8%. No change in interest costs.Solution:Interest Revenue = 9% x $10,000,000 = $900,000Change in Interest Revenue = $900,000 - $1,100,000 = -$200,000Net Revenue = [$1,216,800 - $200,000] - $1,037,200 = -$20,400Since the expected net revenues are now negative, the estimated net rate of return will be negative (-$20,400 / 7,875,000 = - 0.26%). With this negative expected net rate of return, the bank should carefully review the relationship. If this is a long, very good relationship, the bank should consider making the loan; however, there should be further negotiations to insure the profitability of the relationship. This might include restructuring the deposit relationship.Alternative Scenario 2:Given: Required Rate on Time Deposit = 9.25% (up from 9%)Cost of Other Funds Raised = $1,065,000 (up from $975,000)Prime Rate = 9.5% (down from 10%)Solution:Interest revenue = 10.5% x $ 10,000,000 = $1,050,000Change in Interest Revenue = $1,050,000 - $1,100,000 = -$50,000Add'I Interest Expense (Time Deposit) = $25,695 - $25,000 = $695Add'I Cost of Other Funds = $1,065,000 - $975,000 = $90,000 Additional Funding Costs $90,695Net Revenue = [$1,216,800 - $50,000] - [$1,037,200 + $90,695]= $1,166,800- $1,127,895 = $38,905Since the net revenue under these conditions is positive ($ 38,905), the bank should make the loan. Alternative Scenario 3:Given: All revenues, except interest revenue, and costs held constant.Solution:Break Even Revenues = $1,037,200Break Even Interest Revenue = $1,037,200 - [$100,000 + $4,500+ $3,500 + $ 8,800]= $1,037,200 - $116,800 = $920,400Break Even * $10,000,000 = $920,400Break Even = $920,400 / $10,000,000 = .092 or 9.2%Break Even = Prime Break Even + 1 = 9.2%Prime Break Even = 9.2% - 1 = 8.2%Alternative Scenario 4:Given: All costs, except interest costs, and revenues held constant.Solution: Break Even Revenues = $1,216,800Break Even Interest Costs = $1,216,800 - [$1,300 + $12,400+ 4,500 + $19,000]= $1,216,800 - $ 37,200 = $1,179,60019-2 Chilton Westover Bank has sold negotiable CDs in the amount of $6 million at a yield of 8.75% and purchased $4 million in federal funds at a rate of 8.40%. The weighted average cost of bank funds in this case would be:$ 6,000,000 * .0875 = $525,000$ 4,000,000 * .0840 = $336,000Total Interest Cost = $861,000On a $10 million loan this is an average annual interest cost of $861,000/$10,000,000 or 0.0861 which is 8.61 %. There were also $25,000 in noninterest costs or 0.25% of the loan total of $10million. With a one percent risk premium and a 0.25% minimal profit margin, the loan rate on a cost-plus basis would be:Interest Cost + Non-interest Cost + Risk Premium + Profit Margin =8.61% + 0.25% + 1.00% + 0.25% = 10.11%.Alternative Scenario 1:Given: Funding entire loan with federal funds at 8.4%.Solution:Loan rate on a cost-plus basis would be:Interest Cost + Non-interest Cost + Risk Premium + Profit Margin =8.40% + 0.25% + 1.00% + 0.25% = 9.90%The bank faces the risk that its interest cost component, the federal funds rate, which can change daily, could increase quickly and take up the "slack" in the loan rate, thereby reducing the profit margin on the loan.Alternative Scenario 2:Given: Noninterest costs unexpectedly rise to $38,000 and the customer insists on a cap of 10 percent on the rate.Solution:Profit Margin = Loan Rate – [Interest Cost + Noninterest Cost + Risk Premium]= 10.00% - [8.61% + 0.38% +1.00%]= 10.00%-9.99% = .01%The profit margin, for all intents and purposes, disappears.19-3. Englewood Bank is confronted with a $15 million loan request to fund accounts receivable and inventory for APEX Exports. The bank would prefer a floating-rate loan for 90 days at a rate of LIBOR + 0.25%. Most recently LIBOR was at 9.25%. APEX, however, wants the loan rate set1at 1.014 * LIBOR.At today’s prevailing LIBOR rate the customer's requested loan-rate formula would generate a loan interest rate of 1.014 * 9.25% = 9.38%. The bank wanted to charge a rate of 9.25% + 0.25% = 9.50%. Loan rates tend to move up and down faster with the customer's loan-rate formula than with the bank's LIBOR-plus formula. This customer appears to believe interest rates will soon decline, pulling its loan rate lower.Alternative Scenario:Given: The bank's counterproposal to Apex is LIBOR plus 0.125% with a compensating balance of $250,000.Solution:At the prevailing LIBOR rate of 9.25%, the effective rate of the counter proposal is:[9.25% + 0.125%]/[($15,000,000 - $ 250,000)/$15,000,000]= 9.375%/.9833 = 9.53%On an effective cost basis, Apex is not likely to agree to this request. However, if Apex looks only at the 9.375% rate, they might accept the request. Apex's opportunity cost of the minimum balance would come into play in accepting or rejecting the counter proposal.19-4. RJK Corporation was quoted a loan rate equal to the prevailing federal funds interest rate plus 3/8 of a percentage point (or 0.375%) . RJK wanted the loan renewed at money-market borrowing cost plus 0.25%. If the base rate is set at the federal funds rate the loan rate as requested by RJK would be:Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Fed Funds 8.72% 8.80% 8.69% 8.46% 8.46% Margin 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% Loan Rate 8.97% 9.05% 8.94% 8.71% 8.71% Clearly the other money-market interest rates would have generated somewhat lower loan rates, especially the CD and Treasury bill rates. However, interest rates fell over the period examined, resulting in lower loan revenues for the bank. The bank would have been better off to offer its customer a fixed interest rate over the next five weeks.Alternative Scenario:Given: Bank desires to set a floor of 8%. Borrower agrees with the proposal if bank agrees to a loan rate of base rate plus 0.125%.Solution:The major risk faced by the bank is the risk that interest rates will rise along with other costs. If this occurs, increased fixed costs could erode the profit margin. Although this borrower would appear to be an excellent credit risk, increasing interest rates and inflation could result in increased default risk for the borrower over an extended period of time.Both the one-month commercial paper rate and the one-month CD rate have less volatility. Additionally, both maturities (i.e., one month) are closer to the five-week maturity of the requested loan. One might argue that either of these would be preferable, since they would maintain a higher rate in a declining interest rate environment. The one-month commercial paper rate had the lowestdecline during the five-week period, less than 2%, whereas the federal funds rate declined by approximately 3% and the CD rate declined by over 2%. If this trend were to continue over the next five-week period, the commercial paper rate would appear to be a better alternative.Web Site Problems1. What market interest rates are most widely used as base rates to price commercial loans? Where on the world wide web can you go to observe current and past levels of and changes in these market rates?After doing a search on the web, the Bloomberg site gave me the national averages for business loan rates. Their web site is /markets/rates.html. There are many other web sites out there that would also give this information or similar information. The table below lists key interest rates for business loans at the current time.Rate Current %Federal Funds 3.693 month LIBOR 3.71Prime Rate 7.002 Year AAA Industrial 4.5410 year .AAA Industrial 6.11From this information it appears that banks are most likely using the below prime market pricing (the markup) model to price their loans. These loan rates are close to the Federal Funds and LIBOR rates and are below the bank’s prime rate. Other loans to more risky customers may be priced differently.2. If you wanted to know more about the principles and procedures of business loan pricing where on the web would you go?One web site that has basic definitions for loans and may be a good place to start is/index.asp. This is the web site for Direct Loans. There are links to other sites from this one as well as frequently asked questions. A search of the web for business loan procedures may lead to other important web sites and information.。
(完整版)《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
(完整版)《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
商业银行管理学课后题答案(第三版全)
商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融负债筹集资金，以多种金融资产为其经营对象，能利用负债进行信用创造，并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。
信用中介：是指商业银行通过负债业务，把社会上各种闲散货币资金集中到银行，通过资产业务，把它投向需要资金的各部门，充当有闲置资金者和资金短缺者之间的中介人，实现资金的融通。
作用：使闲散的货币转化为资本、使闲置资本得到充分利用、续短为长，满足这会对长期资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各种货币结算、货币收付、货币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦储备委员会对商业银行监管的分类检查制度，这类分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（capital）、资产（asset）、管理（management）、收益（earning）、流动性（liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在本地或外地设有若干分支机构，并可以从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在大都市，下属所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
优点：第一，有利于银行吸收存款，有利于银行扩大资本总额和经营规模，能取得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银行使用现代化管理手段和设备，提高服务质量，加快资金周转速度。
第三有利于银行调节资金、转移信用、分散和减轻多种风险。
第四，总行家数少，有利于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干预小。
第五，由于资金来源广泛，有利于提高银行的竞争实力。
缺点：容易加速垄断的形成；并且由于其规模大，内部层次较多，使银行管理的难度增加等。
流动性：指资产变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适当的价格去的可用资金的能力，以便随时应付客户提存以及银行其他支付的需要。
其衡量指标有两个：一是资产变现的成本，二是资产变现的速度。
4.建立商业银行制度的基本原则有哪些？为什么要确立这些原则？答：（一）有利于银行业竞争。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap7
Chapter 7ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT: THE CONCEPT OF DURATION AND MANAGING A BANK’S DURATION GAPGoal of this Chapter: To examine the concept of duration and to see how bankers use duration analysis to offset the potentially damaging effects of rising or falling market interest rates.Key Terms Presented in this ChapterDuration Portfolio ImmunizationDuration Gap ConvexityChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Drawbacks of IS Gap Management and the Need for Duration II. The Concept of DurationA.Definition of DurationB.Calculation of Duration Worth and DurationD.Price Risk and DurationE.Convexity and DurationIII. Using Duration to Hedge Against Interest-Rate RiskA.Duration Gap1.Dollar Weighted Duration of Assets2.Dollar Weighted Duration of Liabilities3.Positive Duration Gap4.Negative Duration GapB.Change in the Bank’s Net Wo rthIV. Limitations of Duration Gap ManagementV. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks7-1. What is duration?Duration is a value-weighted measure of the maturity of a security or otherincome-generating asset that takes into consideration the amount and timing of all cash flows expected from the asset7-2. How is a bank's duration gap determined?A bank's duration gap is determined by taking the difference between the duration of a bank's assets and t he duration of its liabilities. The duration of the bank’s assets can bedetermined by taking a weighted average of the duration of all of the assets in the bank’s portfolio. The weight is the dollar amount of a particular type of asset out of the total dollar amount of the assets of the bank. The duration of the liabilities can be determined in a similar manner.7-3 What are the advantages of using duration as an asset-liability management tool as opposed to interest-sensitive gap analysis?Interest-s ensitive gap only looks at the impact of changes in interest rates on the bank’s net income. It does not take into account the effect of interest rate changes on the market value of the bank’s equity capital position. In addition, duration provides a sin gle number which tells the bank their overall exposure to interest rate risk.7-4 How can you tell you are fully hedged using duration gap analysis?You are fully hedged when the dollar weighted duration of the assets portfolio of the bank equals the dollar weighted duration of the liability portfolio. This means that the bank has a zero duration gap position when it is fully hedged. Of course, because the bank usually has more assets than liabilities the duration of the liabilities needs to be adjusted by the ratio of total liabilities to total assets to be entirely correct.7-5 What are the principal limitations of duration gap analysis? Can you think of some ways of reducing the impact of these limitations?There are several limitations with duration gap analysis. It is often difficult to find assets and liabilities of the same duration to fit into the bank’s portfolio. In addition, someaccounts such as deposits and others don’t have well defined patterns of cash flows which makes it difficult to calculate a duration for these accounts. Duration is also affected by prepayments by customers as well as default. Finally, duration analysis works best when interest rate changes are small and short and long term interest rates change by the same amount. If this is not true, duration analysis is not as accurate.7-6. Suppose a bank has an average asset duration of 2.5 years and an average liability duration of 3.0 years. If the bank holds total assets of $560 million and total liabilities of $467 million, does it have a significant duration gap? If interest rates rise, what will happen to the value of the bank's net worth?Duration Gap = D A – D L * Assets s Liabilitie = 2.5 yrs. – 3.0 yrs. ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛million $560million $467 = 2.5 years – 2.5018 years= -0.018 yearsThis bank has a very slight negative duration gap; so small in fact that we could consider it insignificant. If interest rates rise, the bank's liabilities will fall slightly more in value than its assets, resulting in a small increase in net worth.7-7. Stilwater Bank and Trust Company has an average asset duration of 3.25 years and an average liability duration of 1.75 years. Its liabilities amount to $485 million, while its assets total $512 million. Suppose that interest rates were 7 percent and then rise to 8 percent. What will happen to the value of the Stilwater Bank's net worth as a result of a decline in interest rates?First, we need an estimate of StiIwater's duration gap. This is:Duration Gap = 3.25 yrs. – 1.75 yrs * mill.$512mill. $485= + 1.5923 yearsThen, the change in net worth if interest rates rise from 7 percent to 8 percent will be: Change in NW = ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++mill. x$485.07)(1.01 x yrs. 1.75- - mill $512x .07)(1.01 x yrs. 3.25-= $7.62 million.Problems7-1. Casio Merchants and Trust Bank, N.A., has a portfolio of loans and securities expected to generate cash inflows for the bank as follows:Expected Cash Receipts Period in Which Receipts Are Expected$1,385,421 Current year746,872 Two years from today341,555 Three years from today62,482 Four years from today9,871 Five years from todayDeposits and money market borrowings are expected to require the following cash outflows:Expected Cash Payments Period in Which Payments Will be Made$1,427,886 Current year831,454 Two years from today123,897 Three years from today1,005 Four years from today----- Five years from todayIf the discount rate applicable to the above cash flows is 8 percent, what is the duration of the bank's portfolio of earning assets and of its deposits and money market borrowings? What will happen to the bank's total returns, assuming all other factors are held constant, ifinterest rates rise? If interest rates fall? Given the size of the duration gap you have calculated, what type of hedging should the bank engage in? Please be specific about the hedging transactions that are needed and their expected effects.Solution:Casio has an asset duration of:$1,385,421 *1 + $746,872 * 2 + $341,555 * 3 + $62,482 * 4 + $9,871 * 5(1 + 0.08)1 (1 + 0.08)2 (1 + 0.08)3 (1 + 0.O8)4 (1 + 0.O8)5D A = $1,385,421 + $746,872 + $341,555 + $62,482 + $9,871(1 + 0.08)1 (1 + 0.08)2 (1 + 0.08)3 (1 + 0.08)4 (1 + 0.08)5=$3,594,1481 / $2,246,912 = 1.5996 yearsCasio has a liability duration of:$1,427,886 * 1 + $831,454 * 2 + $123,897 * 3 + $1,005 * 4(1 + 0.08)1 (1 + 0.08)2 (1 + 0.08)3 (1 + 0.08)4D L=$1,427,886 + $831,454 + $123,897 + $1,005(1 + 0.08)1 (1 + 0.08)2 (1 + 0.08)3 (1 + 0.08)4= $3,045,808 / $2,134,047 = 1.4272 yearsCasio's Duration Gap = Asset Duration - Liability Duration = 1.5996 - 1.4272 = 0.1724 years.Because Casio's Asset Duration is greater than its Liability Duration, the bank has a positive duration gap, which means that the bank's total returns will decrease if interest rates rise because the value of the liabilities will decline by less than the value of the assets. On the other hand, if interest rates were to fall, this positive duration gap will result in the bank's total returns increasing. In this case, the value of the assets will rise by a greater amount than the value of the liabilities.Given the magnitude of the duration gap, the management of Casio Merchants and Trust Bank needs to do a combination of things to close its duration gap between assets and liabilities. It probably needs to try to shorten asset duration, lengthen liability duration, and use financial futures or options to deal with whatever asset-liability gap exists at the moment. The bank may want to consider securitization or selling some of its assets, reinvesting the cash flows in maturities that will more closely match its liabilities' maturities. The bank may also consider negotiating some interest-rate swaps to change the cash flow patterns of its liabilities to more closely match its asset maturities. Alternative Scenario 1:Given: The discount rate applicable to Casio's cash inflows and outflows falls to 6 percent. How does the duration of its earning assets and liabilities change? How does this change affect the bank's sensitivity to interest rate movements?Solution:Casio now has an asset duration of:$1,385,421 * 1 + $746,872 * 2 + $341,555 * 3 + $62,482 * 4 + $9,871 * 5(1 + 0.06)1 (1 + 0.06)2 (1 + 0.06)3 (1 + 0.06)4 (1 + 0.06)5D A =$1,385,421 + $746,872 + $341, 555 + $62,482 + $9,871(1 + 0.06)1 (1 + 0.06)2 (1 + 0.06)3 (1 + 0.06)4 (1 + 0.06)5= $3,731,603 / $2,315,358 = 1.6117 yearsCasio now has a liability duration of:$1,427,886 * 1 + $831,454 * 2 + $123,897 *3 + $1,005 * 4(1 + 0,06)1 1 + 0.06)2 (1 + 0.06)3 (1 + 0.06)4D L=$1,427,886 + $831,454 + $123,897 + $1,005(1 + 0.06)1 (1 + 0.06)2 (1 + 0.06)3 (1 + 0.06)4= $3,142,308 / $2,191,876 = 1.4336 yearsBoth the Asset Duration and the Liability Duration increase with the decline in the discount rate, with the Asset Duration increasing by more than the Liability Duration. The Duration Gap increases from 0.1724 years to 0.1781 years, making Casio more sensitive to interest rate changes.Alternative Scenario 2:Given: The appropriate discount rate climbs to 10 percent.What happens to the durations of Casio's earning assets and liabilities? How does the interest rate sensitivity of Casio's total return change as a result of this upward movement in the discount rate?Solution:Casio now has an asset duration of:$1,385,421 * 1 + $746,872 * 2 + $341,555 X 3 + $62,482 * 4 + $9,871 * 5 (1 + 0.10)1 (1 + 0.10)2 (1 + 0.10)3 (1 + 0.10)4 (1 + 0.10)5 D A =$1,385,421 + $746,872 + $341,555 + $62,482 + $9,871(1 + 0.10)1 (1 + 0.10)2 (1 + 0.10)3 (1 + 0.10)4 (1 + 0.10)5= $3,465,169 / $2,182,144 = 1.5880 yearsCasio now has a liability duration of:$1,427,886 * 1 + $831,454 * 2 + $123,897 * 3 + $1,005 * 4(1 + 0.10)1 (1 + 0.10)2 (1 + 0.10)3 (1 + 0.10)4D L = $1,427,886 + $831,454 + $123,897 + $1,005(1 + 0.10)1 (1 + 0.10)2 (1 + 0.10)3 (1 + 0.10)4= $2,954,385 / $2,079,002 = 1.4211 yearsThe new Duration Gap = 1.5880 – 1.4211 = 0.1669 years.With the increase in the discount rate, both the Asset Duration and the Liability Duration decrease, with the Asset Duration declining by a greater rate than the Liability Duration.The interest sensitivity of the two portfolios, and the bank as a whole, declines, due to the relative degree of change in each portfolio.7-2. Given the cash inflow and outflow figures in Problem 1 for Casio Merchants and Trust Bank, what would happen to the value of Casio's net worth as a result of thismovement in interest rates? If interest rates drop from 8 percent to 7 percent, what happens to Casio's net worth in this case and by how much in dollars does it change?From Problem #1 we find that Casio's average asset duration is 1.5996 years and average liability duration is 1.4272 years. If total assets are $125 million and total liabilities are $110 million, then Casio has a duration gap of:Duration Gap = 1.5996 – 1.4272 * mill.$125mill. $110 = 1.5996 – 1.2559= 0.3437The change in Casio's net worth would be:Change in Value of Net Worth = [-D A * r)(1r +∆* A] – [ - D L * r)(1r +∆* L]If interest rates fall from 8 percent to 7 percent,Change in NW = ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+-⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+mill. $110x .08)(1(-.01) x 1.4272- $125x .08)(1(-.01) x 1.5996-= + 1.8514 – 1.4536= + 0.3978 million.7-3. Leland National Bank reports an average asset duration of 4.5 years, an average liability duration of 3.25 years. The bank has total assets of $1.8 billion and liabilities totaling $1.5 billion. If interest rates rise from 7 percent to 9 percent, how will Leland's net worth change? What if interest rates fall from 7 to 5 percent?The key formula is:Change in net worth = [-D A * ∆r (1r)+* A] - [ - D L *Dr (1r)+* L]For the change in interest rates from 7 to 9 percent, Leland's net worth will change to: Change in Net Worth =⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++mill. $1500x .07)(1.02)( x years 3.25- -mill. x$1800.07)(1.02)( x years 4.5-= -$151.40 million + $91.12 million= -$60.28 millionOn the other hand, if interest rates decline from 7 to 5 percent we have:Change in Net Worth =⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+mill. x$1500.07)(1(-.02) x yrs 3.25--mill. x$1800.07)(1(-.02) x yrs 4.5-= + $151.40 mill. - $91.l2 mill.= + $60.28 million.7-4 A bank holds a bond in its investment portfolio whose duration is 5.5 years. Its current market price is $950. While market interest rates are currently at 8 percent for comparable quality securities, an increase to 10 percent is expected in the coming weeks. What change (in percentage terms) will the bond’s price experience if market interest rates change as anticipated?Solution:percent 10.19-or 1019.)08.1()02(.5.5)1(-=-=+∆-≈∆x i i Dx P PThis bond’s price will decrease by 10.19 percent or its price will decline to $853.7-5 A bank’s dollar weighted asset duration is 6 years. Its total liabilities amount to $750 million, while its assets total $900 million. What is the dollar-weighted duration of the bank’s liability portfolio if the bank’s duration gap were zero?Given the bank has a duration gap equal to zero:Duration Gap = AssetsTotal s Liabilitie Total x D - D L Ayears 7.2 $750$900 x 0) - (6 s Liabilitie T otal Assets T otal x Gap)Duration - (D D A L ===7-6 Commerce National Bank holds assets and liabilities whose average duration and dollar amount are shown as below:What is the dollar-weighted duration of the bank’s asset portfolio and liability portfolio? What is the duration gap?D A = years 4.35 mill.$520mill. $140 x yrs. 4.5 mill. $520mill. $320yrs.x 3.6 mill. $520mill. $60 x yrs. 8.0=++D L = years 1.061 $510$20 x yrs. 0.1 $510$490 x yrs. 1.1=+years 3.31 $520$510 x yrs. 1.061 - yrs. 4.35 Assets T otal s Liabilitie T otal x D - D Gap Duration L A ===7-7. A government bond currently carries a yield to maturity of 12 percent for a maturity of 5 years and a current market price of $928. The bond pays $100 in annual interest. If the bond has a par value of $1,000 its duration can be found from:D = ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+++++++++543210.12)(1$1100x50.12)(1$100x40.12)(1$100x30.12)(1$100x20.12)(1$100x1 / $928 = $928$3837.31 = 4.14 years7-8. Dewey National Bank holds $15 million in government bonds having a duration of 6 years. If interest rates suddenly rise from 6 percent to 7 percent, what percentage change should occur in the bonds' market price?The relevant formula is equation is: (∆P/P) = -D * [∆i/( 1+i)].We have: (∆P/P) = -6 years * [+ .01/(1 + 0.06)]= -6 years *(0.009434)=- 0.0566 or - 5.66 percent.The market price will decrease by 5.66% or the price will change to $14.151 million. Web Site Problems1. If you wanted to uncover a useful definition of what duration is, where on the web would you likely find such information?There are several places on the web that have good definitions of finance terms. After doing a search on duration gap one place that seems to have good definitions is http://newrisk.ifci.ch/. They have a glossary and define several different duration concepts. Their definition of Macaulay’s Duration is the following. “The present value weighted time to maturity of the cash flows of a fixed payment instrument or of the implicit cash flows of a derivative based on such an instrument. Originally developed as a market risk measurement for bonds (the greater the duration or 'average' maturity, the greater the risk), duration has proven useful in analyzing equity securities and fixed income options and futures. The diagram illustrates Macaulay duration as a balancing of present values of cash flows.” What is nice about this web site is that they also do an example and have accompanying graphs to illustrate the concept.2. See if you can find the meaning of Modified duration on the world wide web.The same web site listed above also has a good definition of modified duration. http://newrisk.ifci.ch/ has a good glossary for many finance related terms. Their definitionfor modified duration is “A measurement of the change in the value of an instrument in response to a change in interest rates. The primary basis for comparing the effect of interest rate changes on prices of fixed income instruments. The formula shows the small difference between modified and Macaulay duration. Many applications are not sensitive to the difference, and modified and Macaulay duration numbers are often used interchangeably. Also called Adjusted Duration.”。
商业银行管理学课后题答案(第三版全)
商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融负债筹集资金，以多种金融资产为其经营对象，能利用负债进行信用创造，并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。
信用中介：是指商业银行通过负债业务，把社会上各种闲散货币资金集中到银行，通过资产业务，把它投向需要资金的各部门，充当有闲置资金者和资金短缺者之间的中介人，实现资金的融通。
作用：使闲散的货币转化为资本、使闲置资本得到充分利用、续短为长，满足这会对长期资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各种货币结算、货币收付、货币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦储备委员会对商业银行监管的分类检查制度，这类分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（capital）、资产（asset）、管理（management）、收益（earning）、流动性（liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在本地或外地设有若干分支机构，并可以从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在大都市，下属所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
优点：第一，有利于银行吸收存款，有利于银行扩大资本总额和经营规模，能取得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银行使用现代化管理手段和设备，提高服务质量，加快资金周转速度。
第三有利于银行调节资金、转移信用、分散和减轻多种风险。
第四，总行家数少，有利于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干预小。
第五，由于资金来源广泛，有利于提高银行的竞争实力。
缺点：容易加速垄断的形成；并且由于其规模大，内部层次较多，使银行管理的难度增加等。
流动性：指资产变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适当的价格去的可用资金的能力，以便随时应付客户提存以及银行其他支付的需要。
其衡量指标有两个：一是资产变现的成本，二是资产变现的速度。
4.建立商业银行制度的基本原则有哪些？为什么要确立这些原则？答：（一）有利于银行业竞争。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap6
《商业银⾏管理》课后习题答案IMChap6CHAPTER 6ASSET/LIABILITY MANAGEMENT: DETERMINING AND MEASURING INTEREST RATES AND CONTROLLING A BANK’S INTEREST-SENSITIVE GAP Goals of This Chapter: To learn how to measure a bank's exposure to interest-rate risk and how to reduce that risk exposure through coordinated management of bank assets and liabilities.Key Terms Presented In This ChapterAsset-liability Management Yield to Maturity (YTM)Asset Management Bank Discount RateLiability Management Net Interest MarginFunds Management Interest-Sensitive Gap ManagementInterest Rate RiskChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Necessity for Coordinating Bank Asset and Liability ManagementDecisionsII. Asset/Liability Management StrategiesA. Asset Management StrategyB. Liability Management StrategyC. Funds Management StrategyIll. Interest Rate Risk: One of the Banker's Greatest ChallengesA. Nature of Interest-Rate RiskB. Forces Determining Interest RatesC. The Measurement of Interest Rates1. Yield to Maturity2. Bank Discount RateD. The Components of Interest RatesE. Bankers' Response to Interest Rate RiskIV. One of the Goals of Interest-Rate HedgingA. The Net Interest MarginB. Interest-Sensitive Gap Management1. Asset-Sensitive Position2. Liability-Sensitive Position3. Calculation of a Bank's Interest-Sensitive Gap4. Impact of Changing Interest Rates on the Gap5. Decisions that need to be Made Concerning Gap Management6. Computer Techniques for Managing Gap7. Cumulative Gap8. Strategies in Gap Management9. Limitations of Interest-Sensitive Gap Management10. Weighted Interest-Sensitive GapV. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks6-1. What do the following terms mean: Asset management? Liability management? Funds management?Asset management refers to a banking strategy where management has control over the allocation of bank assets but believes the bank's sources of funds (principally deposits) are outside its control. Liability management is a strategy of control over bank liabilities by varying interest rates offered on borrowed funds. Funds management combines both asset and liability management approaches into a balanced liquidity management strategy.6-2. What factors have motivated banks to develop funds management techniques in recent years?The necessity to find new sources of funds in the 1970s and the risk management problems encountered with troubled loans and volatile interest rates in the 1970s and 1980s led to the concept of planning and control over both sides of a bank's balance sheet -- the essence of funds management.6-3. What forces cause interest rates to change? What kinds of risk do bankers face when interest rates change?Interest rates are determined, not by individual banks, but by the collective borrowing and lending decisions of thousands of participants in the money and capital markets. They are also impacted by changing perceptions of risk by participants in the money and capital markets, especially the risk of borrower default, liquidity risk, price risk, reinvestment risk, inflation risk, term or maturity risk, marketability risk, and call risk.Bankers can lose income or value no matter which way interest rates go. Rising interest rates can lead to losses on bank security instruments and on fixed-rate loans as the market values of these instruments fall. Falling interest rates will usually result in capital gains on fixed-rate securities and loans but a bank will lose income if it has more rate-sensitive assets than liabilities. Rising interest rates will also cause a loss to bank income if a bank has more rate-sensitive liabilities than rate-sensitive assets.6-4. What makes it so difficult for banks to forecast interest rate changes?Interest rates cannot be set by an individual bank or even by a group of banks; they are determined by thousands of investors trading in the credit markets. Moreover, each market rate of interest has multiple components--the risk-free interest rate plus various risk premia. A change in any of these rate components can cause interest rates to change. To consistently forecast market interest rates correctly would require bankers to correctly anticipate changes in the risk-free interest rate and in all rate components. Another important factor is the timing of the changes. To be able to take full advantage of their predictions, they also need to know when the changes will take place.6-5. What is the yield curve and why is it important for bankers to know about its shape or slope?The yield curve is a graphical description of the distribution of market interest rates by maturity of financial instrument. The slope of the yield curve determines the spread between long-term and short-term interest rates. In banking most of the long-term rates apply to loans and securities (i.e., bank assets) and most of the short-term interest rates are attached to bank deposits and money market borrowings. Thus, the shape or slope of the yield curve has a profound influence on a bank's net interest margin or spread between asset revenues and liability costs.6-6. What is it that a bank wishes to protect from adverse movements in interest rates?A bank wishes to protect both the value of bank assets and liabilities and the revenues and costs generated by both assets and liabilities from adverse movements in interest rates.6-7. What is the goal of hedging in banking?The goal of hedging in banking is to freeze the spread between asset returns and liability costs and to offset declining values on certain assets by profitable transactions so that a target rate of return is assured.6-8. First National Bank of Bannerville has posted the following financial statement entries: Interest revenues $63 millionInterest costs $42 millionTotal earning assets $700 millionThe bank's net interest margin must be:Net Interest = $63 mill. - $42 mill. = 0.03 or 3 percentMargin $700 mill.If interest revenues and interest costs double while earning assets grow by 50 percent, the net interest margin will change as follows:($63 mill. - $42 mill.) * 2 = 0.04 or 4 percent$700 mill. * (1.50)Clearly the net interest margin increases--in this case by one third.6-9. Can you explain the concept of gap management?Gap management involves determining the maturity distribution and the repricing schedule for a bank's assets and liabilities. When more assets are subject to repricing or will reach maturity in a given period than liabilities or vice versa, the bank has a GAP and is exposed to loss from adverse interest-rate movements based on the gap's size.6-10 When is a bank asset sensitive? Liability sensitive?A bank is asset sensitive when it has more interest-rate sensitive assets maturing or subject to repricing during a specific time period than rate-sensitive liabilities. A liability sensitive position, in contrast, would find the bank having more interest-rate sensitive deposits and other liabilities than rate-sensitive assets for a particular planning period.6-11. Commerce National Bank reports interest-sensitive assets of $870 million andinterest-sensitive liabilities of $625 million. Because interest-sensitive assets are larger than liabilities by $245 million the bank is asset sensitive.If interest rates rise, the bank's net interest margin should rise as asset revenues increase by more than the resulting increase in liability costs. On the other hand, if interest rates fall, the bank's net interest margin will fall as asset revenues decline faster than liability costs.6-12. First National Bank has a cumulative gap for the coming year of + $135 million and interest rates are expected to fall by two and a half percentage points. What is the expected change in First National's net interest income?ExpectedChange in = $135 million * (-0.025) = -$3.38 millionNet Interest IncomeWhat change will occur in net interest income if interest rates rise by one and a quarter percentage points?Expected Changein Net Interest = $135 million * (+0.0125) = +$1.69 millionIncome6-13 How do you measure a bank’s dollar interest-sensitive gap? Its relative interest-sensitive gap? What is the interest-sensitivity ratio?The dollar interest-sensitive gap is measured by taking the repriceable (interest-sensitive) assets minus the repriceable (interest-sensitive) liabilitiies over some set planning period. Common planning periods include 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The relative interest-sensitive gap is the dollar interest-sensitive gap divided by some measure of bank size (often total assets). The interest-sensitivity ratio is just the ratio of interest-sensitive assets to interest sensitive liabilities. Regardless of which measure you use, the results should be consistent. If you find a positive (negative) gap for dollar interest-sensitive gap, you should also find a positive (negative) relative interest-sensitive gap and a interest sensitivity ratio greater (less) than one. 6-14 Suppose Carroll Bank and Trust reports interest-sensitive assets of $570 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $685million. What is the bank’s dollar interest-sensitive gap? Its relative interest-sensitive gap and interest-sensitivity ratio? Dollar Interest-Sensitive Gap = Interest-Sensitive Assets – Interest Sensitive Liabilities= $570 - $685 = -$115Relative Gap = $ IS Gap = -$115 = -0.2018 or -20.18 percent Bank Size $570Interest-Sensitivity = Interest-Sensitive Assets =$570 = .8321 Ratio Interest-Sensitive Liabilities $6856-15 Explain the concept of weighted interest-sensitive gap. How can this concept aid bank’s real interest-sensitive gap risk exposure?Weighted interest-sensitive gap is based on the idea that not all interest rates change at the same speed. Some are more sensitive than others. Interest rates on bank assets may change more slowly than interest rates on liabilities and both of these may change at a different speed than thoseinterest rates determined in the open market. In, the weighted interest-sensitive gap methodology all interest-sensitive assets and liabilities are given a weight based on their speed (sensitivity) relative to some market interest rate. Fed Funds loans, for example, have an interest rate which is determined in the market and which would have a weight of 1. All other loans, investments and deposits would have a weight based on their speed relative to the Fed Funds rate. To determine the interest-sensitive gap, the dollar amount of each type of asset or liability would be multiplied by its weight and added to the rest of the interest-sensitive assets or liabilities. Once the weighted total of the assets and liabilities is determined, a weighted interest-sensitive gap can be determined by subtracting the interest-sensitive liabilities from the interest-sensitive assets. This weighted interest-sensitive gap should be more accurate than the unweighted interest-sensitive gap. The interest-sensitive gap may change from negative to positive or vice versa and may change significantly the interest rate strategy pursued by the bank.Problems6-1. A government bond is currently selling for $900 and pays $80 per year in interest for 5 years when it matures. If the redemption value of this bond is $1,000, what is its yield to maturity if purchased today for $900. The yield to maturity equation for this bond would be:$900 = $80(1YTM)1+ + $80(1YTM)2+ + $80(1YTM)3+ + $80(1YTM)4++ $80(1YTM)5+ + $1,000(1YTM)5+At an YTM of 10 percent the bond's price is $924.28, while at 12 percent its price becomes $864.40. Thus, the true YTM lies between 10% and 12%. To find the true YTM we use: 10% + 40.864$28.924$900$28.924$-- * 2% ≈ 10.81%6-2. Suppose the government bond described in problem #1 is held for 3 years and then the bank acquiring the bond decides to sell it at a price of $950. Can you figure out the average annual yield the bank will have earned for its 3-year investment in the bond?In this instance the yield-to-maturity equation can be modified slightly to find the correct holding-period yield that the bank would earn. Specifically,$900 = $80(1HPY)1+ + $80(1HPY)2++ $80(1HPY)3+ + $950(1HPY)3+At an HPY of 10% the bond's price becomes $912.31, while at 12% the bond's price is $868.56.The true holding period yield must be:10% + 912.31900912.31868.56--x 2% ≈10.56%.6-3. U.S. Treasury bills are available for purchase this week at the following prices (based upon $100 par value) and with the indicated maturities:a. $97.25, 182 days.b. $96.50, 270 days.c. $98.75, 91 days.The discount rates and equivalent yields to maturity (bond-equivalent or coupon-equivalent yields) on each of these Treasury bills are:Discount Rates Equivalent Yields to Maturitya.(10097.25)100- * 360182 = 5.44% (365x.0544)[360(0.0544x182)]- = 19.856350.1 = 5.67% b.(10096.50)100- * 360270 = 4.67% (365x.0467)[360(.0467x270)]- = 17.046347.39 = 4.91% c. (10098.75)100- * 36091 = 4.95% (365x.0495)[360(.0495x91)]- = 18.07355.5 = 5.08%6-4. The First State Bank of Ashfork reports a net interest margin of 3.25 percent in its most recent financial report with total interest revenues of $88 million and total interest costs of $72 million. What volume of earning assets must the bank hold? The relevant formula is:Net Interest Margin = .0325 = AssetsEarning mil. $72mill. $88-Then Earning Assets = $492.31 million.Suppose the bank's interest revenues rise by 8 percent and its interest costs and earning assets increase 10 percent. What will happen to Ash Fork's net interest margin?Substituting in the correct formula we have:New Net Interest Margin = .10)million(1 $492.3.10)million(1 $72.08)(1 million $88++-+= million$541.53million $79.20million $95.04-= 0.0293 or 2.93 percent.6-5. If a bank's net interest margin, which was 2.85 percent, doubles and its total assets, which stood originally at $545 million, rise by 40 percent, what change will occur in the bank's net interest income?The correct formula is:.0285 * 2 = .4)(1*million 545$Income Interest Net +or Net Interest Income = 0.057 * $763 million= $43.49 million.6-6. The cumulative interest-rate gap of Snidal State Bank and Trust Company doubles from an initial figure of -$35 million. If market interest rates fall by 25 percent from an initial level of 6 percent, what change will occur in Snidal Bank's net interest income?The key formula here is:Change in the Bank's = Change in interest rates (in percentage points) * cumulative gap Net Interest = 0.06 * -.25 x (-$35 mill.) * 2Income = 1.05Thus, the bank's net interest income will rise by 5 percent.6-7. Given: Merchants State Bank has recorded the following financial data for the past three years (dollars in millions):Current Year Previous Year Two Years Ago Interest revenues $57 $56 $55 Interest expenses 49 42 34 Loans (Excluding nonperforming) 411 408 406 Investments 239 197 174 Total deposits 487 472 467 Money market borrowings 143 118 96 Solution:Net interest margin (NIM) = Net Interest Income/Earning Assets, whereNet Interest Income = Net Interest Revenues - Net Interest ExpensesEarning Assets = Loans + InvestmentsNIM(Current) = ($57-49)/(411 + 239) = 8/650 = 0.0123 or 1.23%NIM(previous) = ($56-42)/(408 + 197) = 14/605 = 0.0231 or 2.31%NIM(Two years ago) = ($55-34)/(406 + 174) = 21/580 = 0.0362 or 3.62%The net interest margin has been declining steadily and significantly. Probable causes include greater increases in interest expenses relative to interest income due to shifts in funding mix with greater dependence on borrowed funds (more expensive sources) relative to deposits (less expensive sources). Additionally, the mix in earning assets, with greater growth in lower yielding investment securities than in higher yielding loans, is another contributor to the steadily declining net interest margin.Management needs to reevaluate its funding strategies and its loan and investment strategies. If slower loan growth is related to external forces -- for example, a weaker economy -- then less borrowing should be considered. If the slower loan growth is more internal, then more aggressive loan management would be appropriate.6-8 The First National Bank of Wedora, California has the following interest-sensitive gaps:Coming WeekNext30 DaysNext31-90 DaysMore Than90 DaysInterest - $144 $110 $164 $184 Sensitive +29 +19 29 8 Assets = $173 $129 $193 $192 Interest - $232 $ --- $ --- $ ---Sensitive 98 84 196 35 Liabilities = 36 6 --- ---$366 $90 $196 $35 GAP - $193 + $39 - $3 + $157 Cumulative GAP - $193 - $154 - $157 $0First National has a cumulative zero gap and therefore is not vulnerable to loss if interest rates rise. It does have a positive gap in two periods--the next 30 days and more than 90 days. During these particular periods a rise in interest rates would produce a short-run gain.6-9 First National Bank of Barnett currently has the following interest-sensitive assets and liabilities on its balance sheet:Interest-Sensitive Assets Interest-Sensitive LiabilitiesFederal fund loans $65Security holdings $42 Interest-bearing deposits $185Loans and leases $230 Money-market borrowings $78What is the bank’s current interest-sensitive gap? Suppose its Federal funds loans carry an interest-rate sensitivity weight of 1.0 while its investments have a rate-sensitivity weight of 1.15 and its loans and leases display a rate-sensitivity weight of 1.35. On the liability side First National’s rate-sensitivity weight is 0.79 for interest-bearing deposits and 0.98 for itsmoney-market borrowings. Adjusted for these various interest-rate sensitivity weights, what is the bank’s weighted interest-sensitive gap? Suppose the Federal funds interest rate increases or decreases one percentage point. How will the bank’s net interest income be affecte d (a) given its current balance sheet make up and (b) reflecting its weighted balance sheet adjusted for the foregoing rate-sensitivity weights?Solution:Dollar IS Gap = ISA - ISL = ($65 + $42 + $230) - ($185 + $78) = $337 - $263 = $74 Weighted IS Gap = [(1)($65) + (1.15)(42) + (1.35)(230)] - [(.79)($185) + (.98)($78)] = $65 + $48.3 + $310.5 - $146.15 + $76.44= $423.8 - $222.59= $201.21a.) Change in Bank’s Income = IS Gap * Change in interest rates= ($74)(.01) = $.74 millionUsing the regular IS Gap, net income will change by plus or minus $740,000b.) Change in Bank’s Income = Weighted IS Gap * Change in interest rates= ($201.21)(.01) = $2.012Using the weighted IS Gap, net income will change by plus or minus $2,012,0006-10 McGraw Bank and Trust has interest-sensitive assets of $225 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $168 million. What is the bank’s dollar interest-sensitive gap? What is McGraw’srelative interest-sensitive gap? What is the value of its interest-sensitivity ratio? Is the bank asset sensitive or liability sensitive? Under what scenario for market interest rates will the bank experience a gain in net interest income? A loss in net interest income?Dollar Interest-Sensitive Gap = ISA – ISL = $225 - $168 = $57Relative Interest-Sensitive Gap = ISA – ISL = $57 = 0.2533Bank Size $225Interest-Sensitivity Ratio = ISA = $225 = 1.3393ISL $168This bank is asset sensitive. More assets will be repriced during this time period than liabilities. This means that if interest rates rise, the interest earned on assets will rise relative to the interest paid on liabilities and net interest margin will rise. However, if interest rates fall, interest earned on assets will fall more than interest paid on liabilities and net interest margin will fall.Web Site Problems1. Suppose you want to know what types of banks make the greatest use of asset-liability management tools and what their biggest ALM problems are? Where would you go on the web to try to get answers to these questions?Almost all banks are required by regulators to have some kind of ALM management in place. These techniques can be as simple as the interest sensitive gap discussion in this chapter or the duration gap management in the next chapter. However, there are many consulting firms out there that have developed specific models for managing ALM. One way to see what is out there is to do a search on bank ALM management and see some of the sites that are out there. These sites range from sites for the consulting firms to more general sites that provide a good definition and description of ALM management. Two sources that are available at this time for general information on asset-liability management are/doc/48e316c54028915f804dc2e4.html /glossaryassetliabilitymanagement.htm and/doc/48e316c54028915f804dc2e4.html /Products/nccb_asset.htm. However if you want a good discussion of specific models and the problems people are having with ALM management, one good source appears to be /doc/48e316c54028915f804dc2e4.html /. This site has several discussion groups on various ALM topics.2. If a new web model to apply ALM techniques to a bank’s risk exposure is developed, at what web site are you most likely to find a discussion of that new ALM model?The best place to get information about a new ALM model would be the/doc/48e316c54028915f804dc2e4.html / site mentioned above. If a promising new model were developed it would be sure to show up in the discussion groups mentioned above.3. If you need guidance on how to prepare bank forecasts and measure risk as part of a bank’s ALM activities which web site could be most helpful to you?If you are not willing to go to a consultant about how to develop bank forecasts and measure risk, the/doc/48e316c54028915f804dc2e4.html / web site would probably be the most helpful site. There are many discussions there about how to deal with specific measurement issues and how to find information to determine the risk of your bank compared to peer institutions.。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap15
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap15CHAPTER 15MANAGING NONDEPOSIT LIABILITIES AND OTHER SOURCES OF BANK FUNDS Goal of This Chapter: To discover the major nondeposit sources of borrowed funds banks use today and to learn the factors a banker must consider in choosing among various deposit and nondeposit funds sources.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterCustomer Relationship Doctrine Commercial Paper Market Liability Management Repurchase Agreement (RP)Federal Funds Market Funds GapDiscount Window Interest-Rate RiskNegotiable CD Credit Availability RiskEurocurrency DepositChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Consequences of Deposit Shortfalls and the Need to Use NondepositSources of FundsII. Liability ManagementA. Customer Relationship DoctrineB. Purpose of Liability ManagementIll. Alternative Nondeposit Sources of Bank FundsA. Federal Funds MarketB. Borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank in the DistrictC. The Development and Sale of Large Negotiable CDsD. Eurocurrency Deposit MarketE. The Commercial Paper MarketF. Repurchase Agreements as a Source of Bank FundsG. Long-Term Nondeposit Funds SourcesIV. Choosing Among Alternative Nondeposit SourcesA. Measuring a Bank's Total Need for Nondeposit Funds - The Funds GapB. Nondeposit Funding Sources: Factors to Consider1. Relative Costs2. The Risk Factor3. Length of Time for Which Funds Are Needed4. The Size of the Borrowing Bank and Its Funding Need5. RegulationsV. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks15-1. What is liability management?181182Liability management involves the conscious control of the funding sources of a bank,using the interest rates (yields) offered on deposits and other borrowings to regulate the inflow of funds to match the bank's immediate funding needs.15-2. What advantages and risks does the pursuit of liability management bring to a bank?Improved control over funding sources enables a bank to plan its growth more completely, but liability management opens up certain risks, particularly of the interest-rate risk and solvency (default or failure) risk variety, because it tends to be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates.15-3. What is the customer relationship doctrine and what are its implications for bank fund-raising?The customer relationship doctrine places lending to customers at the top of a bank's priority list. It argues that a bank should make all good loans - that is, all loans that meet the bank's quality and profitability standards - and then find the funds needed to fund those loans the bank decides to make. Funds uses thus become a higher immediate priority item than funds sources.15-4. For what kinds of bank funding situations are federal funds best suited?Federal funds are best suited for banks short of reserves to meet their legal reserve requirements or to satisfy customer loan demand. It satisfies this demand by tapping immediately usable funds.15-5. Chequers State Bank loans $50 million from its reserve account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to First National Bank of Smithville, located in the New York Federal Reserve Bank's district, for 24 hours with the funds scheduled to be returned the next day. The proper accounting entries in this case would be:Step 1 - Lending the $50 millionChequers State BankStep 2 - Using the borrowed First National Bank of Smithville funds can also be shown, though it is not mentioned in the problem. You could show First National Bank of Smithville making a loan for $50 million under Assets, giving up $50 million from its reserve account.Step 3 - Repaying the Loan of Federal FundsChequers State BankFirst National Bank of Smithville15-6. Hillside Security Bank has an excess balance of $35million in a deposit at its principal correspondent, Sterling City Bank, and instructs the latter institution to loan the funds today to another bank, returning them to its correspondent deposit the next business day. Sterling loans the $35 million to Imperial Security National Bank for 24 hours. The proper accounting entries would be:Step 1 - Lending Federal Funds to a CorrespondentHillside Security BankSterling City BankAssets LiabilitiesFederal fundspurchased +$35 mill.RespondentBank's deposit -$35 mill.183Step 2 - The Correspondent Bank Loans Funds to Another BankSterling City BankImperial Security National BankStep 3 - Repaying the Loan to the Respondent BankHillside Security BankSterling City Bank15-7. What are the advantages of borrowing from the Federal Reserve banks?Borrowing from the Federal Reserve banks is usually the lowest interest-cost source of funds. However, there are strict rules for borrowing by banks and borrowing for rate arbitrage is prohibited, although there is some evidence it does occur.15-8. How is a discount window loan from the Federal Reserve secured?A discount window loan must be secured by collateral acceptable to a Federal Reserve bank (usually U.S. government securities). Most banks keep government securities in the vaults of the Federal Reserve for this purpose. The Federal Reserve bank will also accept some government agency securities and high-grade commercial paper as collateral.18415-9. Posner State Bank borrows $10 million in adjustment credit from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Can you show the correct entries for the granting and repayment of this loan? The proper entries are:Step 1 - Securing a Loan from the Fed.Posner State BankFederal Reserve Bank of ClevelandStep 2 - Repaying the Loan to the Fed.Posner State BankFederal Reserve Bank of Cleveland15-10. Why were negotiable CDs developed?Negotiable CDs were developed by banks to attract large corporate deposits and savings from wealthy individuals.15-11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of CDs as a bank funding source? Negotiable CDs offer a way to attract large amounts of funds quickly and for a known time period. However, these funds are highly interest sensitive and often are withdrawn as soon as the maturity date arrives unless a banker aggressively bids in terms of yield to keep the CD.18515-12. Suppose a bank customer purchases a $1 million, 90-day CD, carrying a promised 6 percent annual yield. How much in interest income will the customer earn when this 90-dayinstrument matures? What total volume of funds will be available to the depositor at the end of 90 days?Interest Income = Principal * Days to Maturity * Annual Rate To Customer 360 days Of Interestx 0.06= $1,000,000 x 1360= $15,000Total amount = Principal + Interestdue Customer = $1,000,000 + $15,000= $1,015,00015-13. Where do Eurodollars come from?Eurodollars arise from dollar deposits made in banks and at branch offices outside U.S. territory. Many Eurodollar deposits arise from U.S. balance-of-payments deficits that give foreigners claims on U.S. assets and from the need to pay in dollars for some international commodities (such as oil) that are denominated principally in U.S. dollars.15-14. How does a bank gain access to funds from the Eurocurrency markets?Access to these funds is obtained by contacting correspondent banks by telephone, wire, or cable.15-15. Suppose that JP Morgan-Chase elects to borrow $250 million from one of its London branches, then loans the borrowed funds for a week to a security dealer, and then returns the borrowed funds to its branch office in London. Can you trace through what accounting entries must be made? What if JP Morgan-Chase had decided instead to borrow the $250 million from a foreign bank not related to JP Morgan-Chase? How do the accounting entries differ in these two cases?If JP Morgan-Chase borrows from its own branch office the entries would appear as possible:Home Office of JP Morgan-Chase BankForeign Branch Office of JP Morgan-ChaseAssets Liabilities186When JP Morgan-Chase's home office makes a loan to a security dealer the entries are:Home Office of JP Morgan-Chase BankWhen the Loan is repaid and funds are returned to JP Morgan-Chase’s foreign branch we have:Home Office of JP Morgan-Chase BankForeign Branch Office of JP Morgan-ChaseIf, instead, JP Morgan-Chase borrows from another bank abroad not affiliated with JP Morgan-Chase, the entries would appear as follows:JP Morgan-ChaseU.S. Bank Serving as Correspondent to Foreign BankForeign Bank Lending to JP Morgan-Chase Bank187Deposit at U.S.CorrespondentBank +$250 mill.Eurodollar loan toJP-Morgan ChaseBank -$250 mill.When JP Morgan-Chase repays its loans we have:JP Morgan-Chase BankU.S. Bank Serving as Correspondent to Foreign BankForeign Bank Lending Eurodollars15-16. What is commercial paper?Commercial paper is a high-quality, short-term debt obligation issued by a large corporation with an excellent credit rating to provide for short-term cash needs.15-17. Suppose that the finance company affiliate of Citicorp issues $325 million in 9 day commercial paper to interested investors and uses the proceeds to purchase loans from Citibank. What accounting entries should be made on the balance sheets of Citibank and Citicorp's finance company affiliates?The appropriate entries for the above transaction are:Step 1 - Commercial Paper is Sold by the Affiliated Finance Company188CitibankFinance AffiliateStep 2 - The Affiliated Finance Company Purchases Loans from CitibankCitibankFinance Affiliate15-18. How do RPs arise?RPs are agreements to sell securities temporarily by a borrower of funds to a lender of funds with the borrower agreeing to buy back the securities at a guaranteed price at a set time in the future.15-19. What are the principal advantages to the borrower of funds under an RP agreement?RPs are a low-cost and low-risk way of borrowing loanable funds for short periods of time (usually 3 or 4 days). They are low risk because they are essentially a collateralized loan. The securities that are sold as part of the agreement act as collateral.15-20. What long-term nondeposit funds sources do banks draw upon today? How do these interest costs differ from most money market borrowings?Long-term nondeposit funds include mortgages, capital notes, and debentures. Generally, the interest costs on these funds sources are substantially higher than money market loans but are more stable usually.15-21. What is the funds gap for a bank?189The funds gap is the difference between current and projected credit and deposit flows that creates a need for raising additional bank reserves or for profitably investing any excess reserves that may arise.15-22. Suppose that Bankers Trust Company of New York estimates next week's new loan demand at $325 million and customer drawings on confirmed credit lines of $510 million, while new deposits next week are projected to equal $680 million. If the bank also plans to acquire $420 million in corporate and government bonds next week, what is the bank's projected funds gap?The expected funds gap (with all figures in millions of dollars) would be:Projected = $325 + $510 + $420 - $680 = $575.Funds Gap15-23. What factors must a bank manager weigh in choosing among the various nondeposit sources of bank funding available today?A bank manager must weigh factors such as relative costs, risk, length of time funds are needed, size of bank and its funding need, and regulations in choosing what nondeposit fundssources to use. Other factors held constant, bank management will seek out the lowest cost nondeposit funding sources available subject to the risk of availability problems and the danger of interest-rate volatility. When funds are needed for longer periods, negotiable CDs and Eurodollars are usually the preferred sources whereas very short-term cash needs usually will be met by Federal funds and RPs or by borrowing from the Federal Reserve banks. However, regulations impose reserve requirements on some funding sources (e.g., CDs) which increases their cost and these rules limit access to some sources (e.g., borrowings from the Fed's Discount Window).Problems15-1. Robertson State Bank of Clayton decides to loan $70 million of its reserves at the Fed to Tenison National Security Bank for 24 hours. In turn, Tenison National plans to loan the funds to a security dealer for 24 hours and then return the funds to Robertson State Bank. The correct accounting entries are: Step 1 - Lending the $70 millionRobertson State Bank190Tenison National BankStep 2 - Loaning the Borrowed FundsTenison National BankStep 3 - Repaying the Loan of Federal FundsRobertson State BankTenison National Bank15-2. Masoner National Bank holds most of its correspondent deposits with Flagg Metrocenter Bank which automatically reinvests any surpluses which Masoner may have. This morning Masoner has a correspondent deposit surplus of$11 million expected to last for 48 hours. Flagg will loan this surplus for two business days to Secoro Central City Bank and then the funds will be returned to Masoner's correspondent deposit at Flagg Metrocenter Bank.Step 1 - Lending Federal Funds to a CorrespondentMasoner National Bank191loaned +11 mill.Flagg Metrocenter BankStep 2 - The Correspondent Bank Loans Funds to Another BankFlagg Metrocenter BankSecoro Central City BankStep 3 - Repaying the Loan to the Respondent BankMasoner National BankFlagg Metrocenter Bank19215-3. Relgade National Bank secures adjustment credit from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco in the amount of $32 million for a term of 7 days. Please show the proper entries for granting this loan and then paying off the loan.The correct entries are:Step 1 - Receiving a Loan from the FedRelgade National BankFederal Reserve Bank of San FranciscoStep 2 - Repaying the Fed's loanRelgade National BankFederal Reserve Bank of San Francisco15-4. Itec Corporation purchases a 45-day negotiable CD with a $5 million denomination from Payson Guaranty Bank andTrust, bearing a 6.75 percent annual yield. How much in interest will the bank have to pay when this CD matures? What amount in total will the bank have to pay back to Itec at the end of 45 days?Interest Owed 45To Itec Corp. = $5,000,000 * 360 * 0.0675By Bank= $42,187.50193Total amountowed Itec = $5,000,000 + $42,187.50in 45 days in principle in interest= $5,042,187.5015-5. International Commerce Bank borrows $125 million overnight through a repurchase agreement (RP) collateralized by Treasury bills. The current RP rate is 4.5 percent. How much in interest cost will the bank have to pay?Interest cost= $15,624.50of RP = $125,000,000 x 0.045 x 136015-6. National Commerce Bank of New York expects new deposit inflows next month of $330 million and deposit withdrawals of $275 million. The bank's economics department has projected the new loan demand will reach $621 million and customers with approved credit lines will need $266 million in cash. The bank will sell $480 million in securities, but plans to add $155 million in new securities to its portfolio. What is the bank's projected funds gap?The estimated funds gap (with all figures in millions of dollars)is:Projectedfunds gap = $621 + $266 + [ $155 - $480 ] - [ $300 - $275 ] = $537 million15-7. First National borrowed $150 million in Federal funds from JP Morgan Chase Bank in New York City for 24 hours. After the loan was repaid JP Morgan-Chase loaned $100 million in federal funds to Texas Commerce Bank of Houston.(a) Illustrate these transactions using T-account entries.194(b) The interest income generated for JP Morgan-Chase from the above transactions was:1. Manufacturers' Loan: 0.0785 X $150 Million X 1/360 = $32,7082. Texas Commerce Loan: 0.0792 X $100 Million X 2/360 = $44,00015-8. BancOne of Ohio issues a 3-month (90-day) negotiable CD for $14 million to Travelers Insurance, bearing an annual 360-day yield of 8.47 percent. The value of the CD (including interest income) on its maturity date is:= Principal + (Principal * Days to Maturity / 360 * Annual Interest Rate)= $14 million + ($14 million * 90 / 360 * 0.0847) = $14.29645 millionThe amount of interest income Travelers will earn is:$14 million *90 / 360 * 0.0847 = $296,450.On the basis of a 365-day year Travelers' will earn365/360 * 0.0847 = 0.0859 or 8.59%.15-9. As a result of heavy loan demand experienced by banks within its holding company,195Interstate National Bank plans to raise $850 million in short-term funds this week, of which about $835 million will be used to meet these new loan requests. Current annual interest rates on alternative sources of funds are:Market Interest Rates Noninterest Cost RatesFederal Funds 8.73% 0.25%Negotiable CDs 8.69 0.25Eurodollars 9.11 0.35Commercial paper 8.65 0.50Fed. Discount Rate 7.25 0.25Calculate the effective cost rates on the above sources for Interstate and make a management decision on what sources to use.Effective Federal Funds Cost Rate =Million$835Million $850x0.0025Million$850x0.0873+=million835$million$2.125million $74.205+Effective CD Cost Rate = million$835million $850*0.0025million$850*0.0869+=million$835million$2.125million $73.865+= 9.10%Effective Eurodollar Cost Rate = million$835million $850*0.0035million$850*0.0911+=million$830millionmillion77.435$+= 9.63%Effective Commercial Paper Cost Rate = million835$million $850*0.0050million$850*0.0865+196=million$835million$4.25million $73.525+= 9.31%Effective Cost of Borrowing from the Fed = million835$million $850*0.0025$850*0.0725+=million835$million$2.125million$61.625+= 7.63%The cheapest source of all would be borrowing from the Federal Reserve bank. However, the bank has borrowed from the Fed in each of the past two weeks. Thus, it has probably come close to "wearing out its welcome" at the Reserve bank and, at least for the next week, should probably plan on borrowing from the next cheapest source - in this case, the Federal funds market.15-10. Hamilton Security Bank wants to raise $80 million in money market funds to cover a loan request from one of its largest corporate customers, who needs a 6-week loan. However, current forecasts call for a rise in money market interest rates over the next six weeks. Current money market rates are given below:Source Current RateFederal Funds 8.72%Discount Window at the Federal Reserve 7.00CDs (prime rated): One Month 8.45Three Months 8.49Six Months 8.58Eurodollar Deposits(Three Months) 8.58Commercial Paper: One Month 8.55Three Months 8.42What would you recommend to the bank's funds management department regarding how and where to raise the funds needed?Federal funds could be used to fund this loan, but not only do they happen to be the most expensive source in terms of interest cost right now, but also the Fed funds rate is very sensitive to market pressures and, therefore, will rise along with other market interest rates if the bank's forecast turns out to be correct. The Discount Window at the Federal Reserve looks very attractive, but the Fed prohibits borrowing to relend. Either 3-month CDs or 3-month commercial paper appear to represent good alternatives because the bank, presumably, can lock in the interest cost to fund this loan for the entire life of the loan. Assuming that the money market shares the expectations of the bank that interest rates will rise over the next six weeks, the bank will very likely have to pay a premium over the current rates on either the CDs or commercial paper. However, locking in these rates would still represent the better alternative.197Alternative Scenario:Given: Hamilton's economists are wrong and money market rates decline significantly over the next six weeks. How might your recommendations to the bank's funds management department change on how and where to raise the funds needed?Significantly declining interest rates would make shorter-term sources much more attractive to the bank. Federal funds, for example, although currently the most expensive source, maywell be a good alternative, since the federal funds rate is very sensitive to interest rate changes. One-month CDs would also be a good alternative, as would one-month commercial paper. With the shorter maturities, the bank could readjust its costs downward as the interest rates continue to fall, maintaining the spread between the rate the bank is charging the borrower, which will be declining as rates fall, and the rate it is paying for its funds.Web Site Problems1. Which banks in the U.S. banking system seem to rely most heavily on deposits as a source of funding and which on nondeposit borrowings and liability management? To find out, select the name of a small local bank (or banks) in your area and look it up in the appropriate FDIC web site. Enter the bank’s name, city and state and determine its ratio of total deposits to total assets in the latest report available. Now compare this ratio to the same deposit to asset ratio for Bank of America and JP Morgan-Chase Bank. What did you find? Can you explain the reasons behind the different ratio values you observed?After examining the UBPR for the First National Bank of Edmond as well as Bank of America and JP Morgan-Chase (of New York) the following table can be formed.As can be seen, the First National Bank of Edmond has a much higher depositor base. Both of the other banks are very large banks and large banks tend to rely less on core deposits. However there are differences even between these large banks. JP Morgan-Chase is in New York City and has even less of a depositor bases that Bank of America. It must rely more heavily on liability management than Bank of America.198。
《商业银行管理学》课后习题参考答案
《商业银行管理学》课后习题参考答案第一章1．金融制度对现代经济体系的运行起到了什么作用？（1）配置功能（2）节约功能（3）激励功能（4）调节功能2．商业银行在整个金融体系中有哪些功能？（1）金融服务功能（2）信用创造功能3．美国、英国、日本和德国的商业银行制度特征是什么？比较英美和日德的银行制度差异。
美国：是金融制度创新和金融产品创新的中心，拥有健全的法律法规对银行进行管制；竞争的激烈，使得美国商业银行具有完善的管理体系和较高的管理水平；受到双重银行体系的管制，即联邦和州权力机构都掌握着管制银行的权利。
英国：成立最早，经验丰富，实行分支行制；银行系统种类齐全、数量众多，按英国的分类，英国的银行主要包括清算银行，商人银行，贴现行，其他英国银行和海外银行等机构；不存在正式的制度化的银行管理机构，惟一的监管机构是作为中央银行的英格兰银行；典型的实行分业经营的国家。
日本：货币的统一发行集中到中央银行－日本银行；商业银行按区域划分的，具体可分为两大类型，即都市银行和地方银行；受到广泛的政府管制；二战前仿效英国业务分离的做法，之后随着环境的变化和经济的发展日本银行从1998年开始实行混业经营。
德国：由统一的中央银行－德意志联邦银行，统一发行货币，且德意志联邦银行被认为是欧洲各国中最具有独立性的中央银行。
德国银行高度集中，实行全能化的银行制度，密集程度是欧盟各国中最高的。
区别：英美在其业务上侧重存款的管理，而日德则侧重在贷款方面。
英美制度完善，有利于银行之间的竞争，日德法律体系发展相对缓慢。
4．根据你对我国银行业的认识，讨论我国银行业在国民经济中的地位以及制度特征。
答：地位：（1）我国的商业银行已成为整个国民经济活动的中枢（2）我国的商业银行的业务活动对全社会的货币供给具有重要影响（3）商业银行已经成为社会经济活动的信息中心（4）商业银行已经成为国家实施宏观经济政策的重要途径和基础（5）商业银行成了社会资本运动的中心制度特征：建立商业银行原则，有利于银行竞争，有利于保护银行体系安全与稳定，使银行保持适当规模。
商业银行管理学_湖南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
商业银行管理学_湖南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.计算净利差率时，利息支出包括的因素有参考答案:存款利息支出_同业存入利息支出_发行债券利息支出_拆入款项利息支出2.商业银行用于弥补尚未识别的可能性损失的准备金是参考答案:一般准备金3.《巴塞尔资本协议》规定商业银行的核心资本与风险加权资产的比例关系为参考答案:≥4%4.利率浮动的资产中有一部分来自固定利率负债的情形属于参考答案:正缺口5.持续期缺口为商业银行资产与负债（）的长期决策提供了一个综合性的测算指标。
参考答案:利率风险管理6.商业银行中长期借款包括（）。
参考答案:发行长期金融债券7.商业银行的被动负债是（）。
参考答案:吸收存款8.使商业银行负债成本最低的存款为（）。
参考答案:同业存款9.一笔或一组金融资产或负债以现值方式收回其价值的时间是指参考答案:持续期_投资回收期10.存款按存款资金性质及计息范围划分为财政性存款和（）。
参考答案:一般性存款11.商业银行存款管理的目标不包括（）。
参考答案:降低存款的流动性12.聚合信用风险模型频带的划分方法包括参考答案:基于泊松分布_加权平均13.商业银行人员的素质包括参考答案:智力素质_知识素质_品德素质_心理素质14.下列哪些项目属于商业银行的资产？参考答案:存放同业款项_贷款15.将不同时期贷款的最高点连成线, 这就形成了商业银行的 ( )。
参考答案:长期贷款趋势线16.经营活动产生的现金流量包括参考答案:向中央银行借款净增加额_客户贷款及垫款净增加额_向其他金融机构拆入资金净增加额_客户存款和同业存放款项净增加额17.商业银行报表附注中要披露的内容包括参考答案:资产负债表日后非调整项目的说明_或有和承诺事项的说明_重要会计政策_报表的编制基础18.下列措施中, 属于风险补偿机制范畴的有 ()。
参考答案:抵押 (或质押)_提取呆账准备金19.在比较分析中通常采用的指标评价标准有参考答案:历史标准_同业标准_计划标准_法定标准20.持有者有权在某一时刻以敲定的价格购买某一持有者有权在某一时刻以敲定的价格购买某一基础金融工具，但也有权不购买属于基础金融工具，但也有权不购买属于参考答案:看涨期权21.股权收益率分解成三因素进行分析，包括的因素有参考答案:资产利用率_股东权益乘数_收入净利率22.体现在劳动者身上的资本属于参考答案:人力资本23.担保业务包括参考答案:备用信用证_银行承兑汇票_各类保函24.下列属于负债管理策略的有参考答案:金融产品销售管理_资金购买管理25.商业银行资产管理战略的管理方式包括参考答案:商业性贷款管理_资产转换管理_预期收入分析26.流动性管理的必要环节包括（）。
《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案及解析
1、试论述现阶段我国商业银行提高资本金得策略、
1。 ［题解］商业银行提高资本金有两种策略,即内源资本策略与外源资本策略。内源资本策略就是指增加内源资本,即增加以留存收益方式形成得资本;外源资本策略就是指通过发行普通股、发行优先股、发行长期次级债券等形式来增加资本。
第三章 商业银行负债业务管理
Ａ、 20% Ｂ、 5０％
C. 7０％ D. 1０0％
2. 商业银行用于弥补尚未识别得可能性损失得准备金就是。
A、 一般准备金 B。 专项准备金
C。 特殊准备金 D。 风险准备金
３、 《巴塞尔协议》规定商业银行得核心资本与风险加权资产得比例关系、
Ａ。≧8% Ｂ. ≦８％
C、≧４％Ｄ. ≦4%
三、简答题
7。 我国目前资本市场利率仍然就是市场利率与计划利率并存。
8、 负债就是商业银行资金得全部来源。
二、单项题
１、 商业银行存款管理得目标不包括 。
A、 保持存款得稳定性 B. 降低存款得成本率
C、 降低存款得流动性 Ｄ. 提高存款得增长率
2。 存款按存款资金性质及计息范围划分为财政性存款与 、
Ａ. 个人存款 B. 定期存款
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解
第一章 商业银行管理学导论
习题
一、判断题
1、《金融服务现代化法案》得核心内容之一就就是废除《格拉斯—斯蒂格尔法》。
2。 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管就是相互矛盾得、
3. 商业银行管理得最终目标就是追求利润最大化。
4、 在金融市场上,商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人得角色、
C、 一般性存款 D. 单位存款
3. 使商业银行负债成本最低得存款为 。
A。 同业存款 B、 有奖存款
商业银行管理学课后题答案(第三版全)
商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融负债筹集资金，以多种金融资产为其经营对象，能利用负债进行信用创造，并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。
信用中介：是指商业银行通过负债业务，把社会上各种闲散货币资金集中到银行，通过资产业务，把它投向需要资金的各部门，充当有闲置资金者和资金短缺者之间的中介人，实现资金的融通。
作用：使闲散的货币转化为资本、使闲置资本得到充分利用、续短为长，满足这会对长期资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各种货币结算、货币收付、货币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦储备委员会对商业银行监管的分类检查制度，这类分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（capital）、资产（asset）、管理（management）、收益（earning）、流动性（liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在本地或外地设有若干分支机构，并可以从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在大都市，下属所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
优点：第一，有利于银行吸收存款，有利于银行扩大资本总额和经营规模，能取得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银行使用现代化管理手段和设备，提高服务质量，加快资金周转速度。
第三有利于银行调节资金、转移信用、分散和减轻多种风险。
第四，总行家数少，有利于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干预小。
第五，由于资金来源广泛，有利于提高银行的竞争实力。
缺点：容易加速垄断的形成；并且由于其规模大，内部层次较多，使银行管理的难度增加等。
流动性：指资产变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适当的价格去的可用资金的能力，以便随时应付客户提存以及银行其他支付的需要。
其衡量指标有两个：一是资产变现的成本，二是资产变现的速度。
4.建立商业银行制度的基本原则有哪些？为什么要确立这些原则？答：（一）有利于银行业竞争。
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《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
A. 20%B. 50%C. 70%D. 100%2. 商业银行用于弥补尚未识别的可能性损失的准备金是。
A. 一般准备金B. 专项准备金C. 特殊准备金D. 风险准备金3. 《巴塞尔协议》规定商业银行的核心资本与风险加权资产的比例关系。
A. ≧8%B. ≦8%C. ≧4%D. ≦4%三、简答题1．试述商业银行资本金的功能。
2. 试述商业银行资本金的构成。
3. 试述1988年巴塞尔协议的基本内容。
5. 试述商业银行提高资本充足率的途径。
四、论述题试论述现阶段我国商业银行提高资本金的策略。
第二章习题参考答案一、判断题1.× [题解]新巴塞尔协议商业银行核心资本充足率为8%。
2.× [题解]巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的100%。
3.√ [题解]银行信用风险计量包括标准法和内部评级法两种。
4.√ [题解]资金越充足，缓冲损失的能力越强。
5.× [题解]也可通过发行普通股，优先股，次级长期债券来增加资本金。
6.× [题解]新巴塞尔协议规定，监管机关规定只能对其监督检查。
二、单选题1. B [题解]附属资本的合计金额不得超出其核心资本的100%，长期次级债券最多只能为核心资本的50%，普通准备金和普通呆账准备金占风险资产的比例最多不超过1.25%，在特别的情况下可达2%。
2. A [题解]依据一般准备金的定义。
3. A [题解]核心资本与风险加权资产是核心资本充足率。
三、简答题1. 试述商业银行资本金的功能。
1. [题解]商业银行资本金包括营业功能、保护功能、管理功能。
试述商业银行资本金的构成。
2. [题解]商业银行资本金的构成包括普通资本和优先资本。
普通资本包括普通股、资本盈余、未分配利润等，优先资本包括优先股、资本票据和资本债券、可转换债券等。
试述1988年巴塞尔协议的基本内容。
3. [题解]1988年巴塞尔协议的基本内容包括划分资本、规划资产的风险权重、规定商业银行资本充足率的最低标准、过渡期安排。
试述商业银行提高资本充足率的途径。
4. [题解]商业银行提高资本充足率有2种途径：1、分子对策，即提高资本总量，如采用内源资本策略（留存盈余、股息政策）和外源资本策略发行普通股、发行优先股、发行次级中长期债券）来提高资本总量；2、分母对策，即压缩银行资产规模调整资产结构。
四、论述题1. 试论述现阶段我国商业银行提高资本金的策略。
1. [题解]商业银行提高资本金有两种策略，即内源资本策略和外源资本策略。
内源资本策略是指增加内源资本，即增加以留存收益方式形成的资本；外源资本策略是指通过发行普通股、发行优先股、发行长期次级债券等形式来增加资本。
第三章商业银行负债业务管理习题一、判断题1. 商业银行向中央银行借款可以用于投资。
2. 欧洲货币市场借款利率一般以LIBOR为基准。
3. 市场渗透定价法不强调利润对成本的弥补。
4. 高负债是商业银行区别于其他企业的重要标志之一。
5. 对商业银行来说存款并不是越多越好。
6. CDs存单是一种面额较大、不记名发行但不能在二级市场流通转让的定期存款凭证。
7. 我国目前资本市场利率仍然是市场利率与计划利率并存。
8. 负债是商业银行资金的全部来源。
二、单项题1. 商业银行存款管理的目标不包括。
A. 保持存款的稳定性B. 降低存款的成本率C. 降低存款的流动性D. 提高存款的增长率2. 存款按存款资金性质及计息范围划分为财政性存款和。
A. 个人存款B. 定期存款C. 一般性存款D. 单位存款3. 使商业银行负债成本最低的存款为。
A. 同业存款B. 有奖存款C. 定期存款D. 活期存款4. 商业银行的被动负债是。
A. 发行债券B. 吸收存款C. 同业拆借D. 再贷款5. 下列借入负债中被采用“隔日放款”或今日货币形式的为。
A. 同业拆借B. 回购协议C. 间接借款D. 再贴现6. 商业银行可长期利用的存款，称为。
A. 流动性存款B. 原始存款C. 定期存款D. 发行长期金融债券7. 商业银行中长期借款包括。
A．同业拆借 B. 回购协议C. 中央银行借款D. 发行长期金融债券8. 同业借款不包括。
A. 同业拆借B. 再贴现C. 抵押借款D. 转贴现9. 目标利润定价法的核心在于。
A. 严格测算各种存款的营业成本B. 计算存款的历史加权成本C. 确定存款的边际成本D. 确定存款的风险成本10. 商业银行吸收的存款中稳定性最好的是。
A. NOW账户B. 定活两便存款C. 储蓄存款D. 自动转账服务账户11. 商业银行的存款成本除了利息支出，还包括。
A. 办公费B. 员工工资C. 差旅费D. 非利息支出12. 关于同业拆借说法不正确的是。
A. 同业拆借是一种比较纯粹的金融机构之间的资金融通行为。
B. 为规避风险，同业拆借一般要求担保。
C. 同业拆借一般不需向中央银行缴纳法定存款准备金，降低了银行的筹资成本。
D. 同业拆借资金只能作短期的用途。
三、多选题1. 商业银行负债按负债的流动性可分为。
A. 流动负债B. 应付债券C. 其他长期负债D. 应付账款2. 下列属于存款的创新种类的是。
A. 可转让支付命令账户B. 大额可转让定期存单C. 货币市场账户D. 个人退休金账户3. 影响存款成本定价的因素包括。
A. 市场利率的水平B. 存款的期限结构C. 银行的盈利性D. 客户与银行的关系4. 商业银行借入资金应考虑的因素包括。
A. 借入资金的规模B. 借入资金的期限C. 借入资金的相对成本D. 借入资金的分险E. 借入资金的法规限制5. 商业银行国内市场借款的主要方式有。
A. 转贴现B. 向央行借款C. 同业拆借D. 发行金融债券E. 证券回购协议6. 价格定价法中价格表按收费条件包括。
A. 免费定价B. 有条件免费定价C. 浮动费率D. 固定费率7. 以下属于商业银行“主动型负债”的是。
A. 存款B. 同业拆借C. 再贴现D. 金融债券E. 转贴现四、计算题1. 假定一家银行筹集了500万的资金，包括200万的活期存款，300万定期存款与储蓄存款。
活期存款的利息和非利息成本为存款的8%，定期存款和储蓄存款总成本为10%。
假如储备要求减少银行可使用资金的数额为活期存款的15%，储蓄存款的5%。
求该银行负债的加权平均成本率。
2. 某银行可通过7%的存款利率吸引50万元新存款。
银行估计，若提供利率为7.5%，可筹集资金100万元；提供8%利率可筹集存款150万元；提供8.5%的利率可筹集存款200万元；提供9%的利率可筹集存款250万元。
如果银行投资资产的收益率为10%，由于贷款利率不随贷款量的增加而增加，贷款利率就是贷款的边际收益率。
存款为多少时银行可获得最大的利润呢？五、简答题1. 简述商业银行负债的性质。
2. 简述商业银行负债业务的作用。
3. 简述商业银行负债业务经营管理的目标。
4. 简述商业银行借入资金时应考虑的因素。
5. 负债对商业银行管理有何意义。
6. 商业银行借入资金时一般有哪些渠道。
7. 商业银行存款定价通常有哪些方法。
六、论述题论述你对存款立行观点的看法。
第三章习题参考答案一、判断题1.×2.√3.√4.√5.√6.×7.√8.×二、单选题1.C2.C3.A4.B5.A6.D7.D8.B9.B 10.C 11.D 12.B三、多选题1.ABC2.ABCD3.ABCD4.ABCDE5.ABCDE6.ABD7.BCDE四、计算题1. 加权平均成本率=全部负债利息总额/全部负债平均余额×100%=[（200×8%+300×10%）/（200×85%+300×95%）] ×100%=10.11%2. 利润=贷款收益-存款成本（1）（10%-7.5%）×100+50×7.5%-50×7%=2.75（2）（10%-8%）×150+50×8%-50×7%=3.5（3）（10%-8.5%）×200+50×8.5%-50×7%=3.75（4）（10%-9%）×250+50×9%-50×7%=3.5所以采取第三种方案可以获得最大利润。
五、略；六、略；七、略。
第四章商业银行贷款业务管理（一）习题一、判断题1. 五级分类法中，不良贷款包括可疑贷款和损失贷款两类。
2. 质押贷款的质物指借款人或第三人的不动产。
3. 补偿性余额实际上是银行变相提高贷款利率的一种表现形式。
4. 资金边际成本是指商业银行每增加一单位可用于投资或贷款的资金所需支付的利息、费用成本。