埃塞俄比亚 英文

Abyssinia
A SPECTACULAR failure: 2. The League was ‘a useless fraud’ (AJP Taylor):
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It was slow (the Report took 8 months). A country could get its own way if it ignored it. ‘Collective security' was useless against big countries - especially during the Great Depression. Even the great powers within the League were
happy to ignore it (Japan was on the Council). Even Britain and France would betray the League. Nine countries left 1936-1939.
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Abyssinia
• Because of the Great Depression, Italy wanted to build an empire to secure raw materials. • Mussolini was a fascist, and wanted to revive the glories of Rome • France and Britain needed Mussolini’s support against Hitler (Stresa Pact 1935)
Abyssinia
Abyssinia
• The border between Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland was uncertain and disputed - in Dec 1934 there was a small skirmish at 来自百度文库al-Wal. • Mussolini demanded an apology and threatened to invade. • There was great anger in Britain; Hoare (the foreign minister) made a strong speech supporting sanctions and collective security.
Abyssinia
A SPECTACULAR failure: 1. The Fascists continued to expand:
• • • • Mussolini kept Abyssinia Hitler began to expand in Europe. Fascists took power in Spain Britain and France abandoned the League as a way of keeping the peace - started to appease Hitler.
Abyssinia
• Dec 1935: Hoare-Laval Pact, a secret plan by Britain and France to give Abyssinia to Italy. • Britain and France asked that sanctions be lifted - only Abyssinia voted against. • March 1936: Hitler marched into the Rhineland; everyone forgot about Abyssinia. • May 1936: Mussolini conquered Abyssinia. • June 1936: Haile Selassie went to the League to ask it to reconsider its 'terrible precedent' of giving way to force. He was ignored.
Abyssinia
• Feb 1935: The League set up a commission, which reported in Sept. It suggested giving part of Abyssinia to Italy. • Oct 1935: Mussolini rejected the plan and invaded Abyssinia. He used tanks and flamethrowers and attacked red Cross hospitals. • The League banned weapons sales, and put sanctions on rubber and metal (this hurt Abyssinia more than Italy). • It did NOT close the Suez Canal or ban oil sales, which would have stopped the Italian invasion.