专题01 2018-2019年高考英语语法填空真题全解全析-历年高考英语真题分题型全解全析

目录
1.2019年全国卷1 (1)
2.2019年全国卷2 (3)
3.2019年全国卷3 (4)
4.2018年全国卷1 (5)
5.2018年全国卷2 (7)
6.2018年全国卷3 (8)
7.2018年浙江卷 (10)
1.2019年全国卷1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1.【答案】that
【解析】考查连词之同位语从句。

that 引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容。

2.【答案】poorly
【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。

修饰动词studied用副词poorly。

3.【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词。

methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。

4.【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词to do 。

系表结构之后用动词不定式做状语。

5.【答案】have reported
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

根据时间状语In recent years，可知用现在完成时。

6.【答案】belief
【解析】考查名词之动词变名词。

空前有冠词提示，所以用名词形式，believe 的名词形式是belief。

7.【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

介词by之后跟动名词形式。

【解析】考查形容词比较级。

根据than可知用比较级。

9.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。

有recognized polar bear sub-populations限定，所以用定冠词the。

10.【答案】are
【解析】考查谓语动词。

根据句式结构可知此处是谓语部分，又根据主语six，可知用复数形式are。

2.2019年全国卷2
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1 (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 10 (wonder).”
1.【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

介词for之后跟动名词形式。

2.【答案】which
【解析】考查连词之定语从句。

which she opened with her late husband Les是定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop。

先行词the pet shop在定语从句中作opened的宾语，而且是非限制性定语从句，因此用关系代词which。

【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。

修饰动词acknowledged用副词finally。

4.【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

主语是proud Irene，可判断此处是谓语部分，又根据文章的时态，可知用一般过去时。

5.【答案】to retire
【解析】考查非谓语动词to do。

动词不定式to retire作定语，修饰plans。

6.【答案】have made
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

根据时间状语over the years，可知用现在完成时。

7.【答案】but
【解析】考查连词之并列连词。

not … but… 不是…… 而是…… 。

8.【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

When we got a call saying she was short-listed句中saying是现在分词作定语，修饰a call，表示主动。

9.【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。

表示泛指“一个”，用不定冠词a。

10.【答案】wonderful
【解析】考查形容词之名词边形容词。

It's wonderful. 系动词后用形容词作表语。

3.2019年全国卷3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On our way to the house，it was raining 1 hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting 6 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
1.【答案】so
【解析】考查连词之状语从句。

so… that … 引导结果状语从句，“ 如此…以至于…”。

2.【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语动词to do。

It takes some time to do sth. 花费时间干某事。

3.【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。

a pack of dogs一群狗。

4.【答案】who /that
【解析】考查连词之定语从句。

修饰先行词their masters，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who /that。

5.【答案】recommended
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

recommended 和shared是并列谓语。

6.【答案】competition
【解析】考查名词之动词变名词。

前有形容词，an interesting competition to watch一场有趣的比赛。

7.【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。

修饰名词stories要用形容词traditional。

8.【答案】hugely
【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。

修饰形容词popular，用副词hugely。

9.【答案】were invited
【解析】考查谓语动词的被动语态。

我们被邀请参加，根据文章的时态，可知要用一般过去时的被动语态。

10.【答案】listening
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

句中listening和meeting是现在分词做伴随状语。

4.2018年全国卷1
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runne rs. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Ru nning is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.
1.【答案】longer
【解析】考查形容词比较级。

根据than可知，此处用long的比较级。

2.【答案】to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词之to do。

根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。

3.【答案】dying
【解析】考查非谓语动词之doing。

介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。

4.【答案】is
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

根据空白处前面的can’t make和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。

5.【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。

这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的more effective可知，此处用than。

6.【答案】that / which
【解析】考查连词之定语从句。

此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。

7.【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词单复数。

根据all可知，cause用复数形式。

8.【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查动词之名词变动词。

此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语your leg muscles 判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。

9.【答案】energetic
【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。

本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。

10.【答案】it / running
【解析】考查代词。

give it / sth a try是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。

5.2018年全国卷2
Diets have changed in China —and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government enc ourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinki ng water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen V oegele.
1.【答案】has grown
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

由Since 2011可知用现在完成时，且主语the country 是单数名词。

2.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。

此处特指过去的25年。

3.【答案】actually
【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。

应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change。

4.【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词to do。

根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。

5.【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。

less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。

6.【答案】pollution
【解析】考查此名词之动词变名词。

作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。

7.【答案】global
【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。

此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。

8.【答案】started
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

根据上下文可知，应用动词的一般过去式。

9.【答案】that / which
【解析】考查连词之定语从句。

根据语境定语从句修饰“a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。

10.【答案】feeding
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。

6.2018年全国卷3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central Afric an Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay) and watch.
1.【答案】which
【解析】考查连词之名词性从句。

根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。

故填连接代词which。

2.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。

“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。

3.【答案】loudest
【解析】考查副词最高级。

由空格后的“of all”可知填最高级形式loudest。

4.【答案】looking
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

avoid后接动名词作宾语。

avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”。

5.【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词done. 主语he与challenge（对……挑战）为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。

6.【答案】scientist
【解析】考查名词之名词变名词。

“我”的身份是一位科学家。

因此应填scientist。

7.【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。

search for 意为“搜寻”。

8.【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。

人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。

them在此作find的宾语。

9.【答案】meant
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。

全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。

10.【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词to do 。

allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。

7.2018年浙江卷
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 （dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 （shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
1.【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词单复数。

dish作“饭菜”解时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。

2. 【答案】who / that
【解析】考查连词之定语从句。

此处缺引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，故用who或that。

3. 【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。

该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。

4. 【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。

remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。

5. 【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查谓语动词done。

shock和主语I之间是被动关系，故用其被动语态。

6.【答案】have become
【解析】考查非谓语动词。

由in recent years可知此处用不定式的完成式表示这一现象从过去某时一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。

7.【答案】affordable
【解析】考查形容词之动词变形容词。

此空在be动词后，由此可知此处应填形容词。

8.【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。

此处是在进行比较，故用high的比较级形式。

9.【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。

考查这里是指“体重问题”，故应用名词weight作定语。

10.【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。

go to some place for dinner去某个地方吃饭。

介词for在此表示目的。

11。