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公文写作基础知识集锦

公文写作基础知识集锦

公文写作基础知识集锦公文写作是现代社会中不可避免的一部分。

不管是政府机关、企事业单位还是个人,都需要用到公文。

因此,掌握公文写作的基础知识是每个人都应该具备的能力。

本文将为大家介绍公文写作的基础知识,包括基本格式、语言表达、内容要点等方面。

接下来,我们将从以下几个方面依次介绍:1. 基本格式2. 语言表达3. 内容要点4. 注意事项公文的基本格式主要包括以下内容:1. 信头:信头是用于标明发文机关名称、文种、文号、日期等基本信息的一部分。

信头的位置一般在纸张的上方中央或右上角。

2. 称呼:称呼是写给收件人的,一般分为“敬称+收件人姓名”和“称呼+收件人姓名”两种形式。

敬称可以根据身份地位不同,使用“先生/女士”、“敬爱的”、“尊敬的”等,称呼可以根据关系熟悉程度不同,使用“亲爱的”、“尊敬的”等。

3. 正文:正文是公文的主要内容,应简明扼要、表达清晰,注意结构、语法、格式等方面的规范。

4. 签署:签署是指在信末署名、注明职务、单位等信息,例:敬礼!公文的语言表达应力求简明、准确、得体。

在实际写作中,我们要注意以下几点:1. 建议使用公文用语:公文用语是指以规范、规格化,并经过时间考验的语言。

使用公文用语可以保证公文风格严谨、正式,避免出现口语化、朴素化语言,影响公文质量。

2. 重视文字的精准度和准确度:在公文写作中,应该把握文字的精准度和准确度。

精准是指用词准确,意思明确。

准确是指内容符合实际情况,数据精确。

3. 保持字体的规范性:在公文中需要使用标准的字体,一般建议使用宋体或仿宋体字体,大小为小四号字,字体颜色应该为黑色。

4. 避免使用过度修辞手法:过度修辞会给人感觉夸张、华丽、虚假。

从而给读者留下不好的印象,损害公文的形象。

1. 发文机关和文种:文种主要包括公文的种类,如通知、报告、函电等。

2. 发文日期和文号:发文日期是指公文发出的日期,文号是指对公文进行编号的一组字母或数字,编号要有科学性、连续性、规范性;3. 收件人名称和地址:收件人的名称和地址应该准确无误,以确保信件能够及时送达。

竞聘演讲稿主要构成部分三篇

竞聘演讲稿主要构成部分三篇

竞聘演讲稿的主要构成部分竞聘演讲稿一般由标题、称呼和正文三部分构成。

1、标题。

竞聘演讲稿的标题常见的方式有两种:一是单标题。

即:事由+文种。

就是直接说明竞选的职位,并注明文种。

二是双标题。

由正、副标题组成。

正标题在上,概述演讲的中心内容,副标题在下,用破折号连接,标明事由和文种。

2、称呼。

怎样称呼,要视听众而定。

一般用泛称,如“各位领导”、“同志们”等。

称呼语要顶格书写,排列有序。

3、正文。

竞聘演讲稿的正文主要由开头、主体和结尾三部分构成。

开头。

竞聘演讲一般时间都不会太长,因此,精彩而有力的开头便显得非常重要,应该能够吸引人注意,能够立即抓住昕众的注意力。

常见的开头有以下三种:①真诚感谢法。

即用诚挚的语言表达自己的谢意。

②简要介绍法。

就是在演讲的开头简要介绍自己的有关情况。

虽说是简要介绍,也有介绍艺术的问题。

竞聘演讲实践中,有的演讲者自我介绍就像填履历表。

这种介绍是很难调动昕众的情绪的。

相反,如果演讲者能将自我介绍寄托在简洁明快而又富有意味的语言载体上,效果就大不一样了③表达心情法。

就是将参加竞选时的心情表述出来。

主体竞聘演讲的主体内容应包括以下几方面:①展示优势。

这一部分实际上是要说明为什么要竞争、凭什么竞争的问题。

众所周知,竞聘演讲的目的,就是要使听众对演讲者有充分的了解和认识,从而鉴别其能否胜任该职位。

如果他们认为你的自身素质能够胜任,就会毫不犹豫地给你投上一票。

反之,便会票上无名、因此,演讲者在介绍自己的情况时,一定要有针对性,即针对竞选的,岗位来介绍自己的学历、经历、政治素质、业务能力、在介绍中要尽可能地展示自己的长处。

如已有的政绩、较高的学历、很强的事业心、深厚的理论功底、丰富的实践经验、表里如一的品质、吃苦耐劳的精神等。

当然,这些长处并非要面面俱到,而应根据竞选职务的职能情况有所取舍。

也就是说,要详细说明与竞选职务有关的工作经历、经验、实绩,而与之关系不大的可少谈或不谈。

②简要介绍自身的不足之处。

精选写信落款格式范文(通用3篇)

精选写信落款格式范文(通用3篇)

(1)称呼写一封信,先要把收信人的称呼顶格写在第一行,然后,再在后面加上冒号,表示下面有话要说。

(2)问候语问候语要写在称呼的下一行,空两格。

它可以独立成为一段。

(3)正文正文一般分为连接语、主体文、总括语三个部分。

每一个部分开头都应另起一行,空两格落笔。

(4)祝福语祝福语是表示致敬或祝贺一类的话,如“此致”、“祝”等。

应独占一行,空两格写。

另外,在写与“此致”或“祝”相配套的“敬礼”、“健康”等一类表示祝福的话语时,一般要另起一行顶格写。

(5)署名写完信之后,在信的右下角写上发信人的姓名叫做署名。

在署名的前面一般还要加上合适的称谓,如“你的同学”、“你的好友”,“您的学生”等。

(6)日期日期写在署名的下一行。

书信,日常生活中广泛应用的一种文体。

它是一种特殊的实用文体。

长期以来,它形成了自己独有的固定的书写格式:一般包括称呼、正文、结尾、署名、日期五部分。

称呼:第一行顶格写收信人的名字称呼(或只写称呼),有时还要加上“敬爱的、亲爱的”等词,表示对收信人的亲热和尊敬;接着加个冒号,表示下面的话是对他说的。

正文:另起一行空两格开始正文,也是书信的内容。

正文部分通常先写问候的话。

问候是一种礼节,问候语很多,有节日的问候,如“新年好”“春节快乐”等;有季节性的问候,如“夏安”“冬安”等。

也有开头问候身体健康,工作和学习情况的,如“近来身体可好”“近来的学习好吗?”等等。

问候语可以独立成为一个段落。

正文是书信的主体部分,是写信的目的之所在,写信人要说的话,要办的事都写在这里。

正文的内容在问候语下一行空两格写起,转行时要顶格写起。

如果要说的话,要办的.事多,应该分段写,每段写一件事,写完一件事,再写另外一件事。

每段开头都要空两格写起。

结尾:正文写完后,要写上表示祝愿、尊敬或勉励的话,也叫致敬语。

致敬语要根据对象不同而不同。

如果写给长辈,可以写“敬祝健康”等;如果写给平辈,可以写“祝学习进步!”等。

而“此致敬礼”是比较通用的,适合一般人的结束语。

投简历邮件正文范文3篇

投简历邮件正文范文3篇

投简历邮件正文范文前言在求职过程中,投递简历是非常重要的一步。

然而,对于求职者来说,如何撰写一封引人注目的投简历邮件是一个挑战。

本文将给出三篇投简历邮件的正文范文,帮助求职者提升投递简历的效果。

篇一亲爱的HR团队,我是XXX,非常的荣幸能有机会向贵公司投递我的简历,并表达我对贵公司岗位的浓厚兴趣。

我本科毕业于XXX学校,主修XXX专业。

在校期间,通过积极参与各类社团活动以及实习经验,我培养了扎实的专业知识和卓越的团队合作能力。

在我的简历中,您将会看到我拥有丰富的XXX经验以及优秀的项目管理能力。

在与不同背景的人合作的过程中,我学会了有效沟通和协作,并培养了灵活的思维方式。

我可以准确理解客户需求并有效地解决问题。

在我最近的一份实习工作中,我负责XXX项目的管理,取得了显著的成果,并获得了领导和同事们的高度赞扬。

我对贵公司的业务和文化深感兴趣,并认为我可以为贵公司的发展做出贡献。

我期待着加入贵公司,在这个快速发展的行业中不断学习和成长。

感谢您花时间阅读我的简历。

我非常期待能有机会参加面试,向您展示我的能力和潜力。

谢谢!衷心的祝福,XXX篇二尊敬的HR经理,您好!我是XXX,非常高兴能有机会给贵公司投递我的简历,并表达我对贵公司XXX职位的浓厚兴趣。

我本科毕业于XXX学院,主修XXX专业。

通过在学校的学习和实习经验,我培养了系统的理论知识和相关技能,拥有扎实的专业背景。

在我的简历中,您将会看到我参与过多个相关项目,并在团队中承担不同的角色,协助完成任务。

通过工作经验,我锻炼了自己的沟通和协调能力,学会了如何与不同背景的人合作。

我可以快速适应新环境,并迅速掌握新技能。

我也非常擅长解决问题,经常能够找到创造性的解决方案。

我在之前的公司参与了一个关键项目,解决了XXX问题,为公司带来了XXX效益。

贵公司在行业中的知名度和优秀的企业文化让我深感兴趣。

我相信,我的专业知识和相关经验能够为贵公司的发展做出贡献。

我非常期待有机会与您面谈,向您展示我的能力和潜力。

书信的标准格式3篇

书信的标准格式3篇

书信的标准格式3篇写信的格式详解:书信,是我们日常生活中经常使用的一种应用文。

可同学们在写信时,却常常对书信的格式掌握不住。

那么,写信时,在格式上我们应当注意些什么呢?一般的书信由六个部分构成。

这六个部分是:称呼、问候、正文、祝颂语、署名、日期。

下面分别说说它们在格式上的要求。

(1)称呼(格式)写一封信,先要把收信人的称呼顶格写在第一行,然后,再在后面加上冒号,表示下面有话要说。

(2)问候语(格式)问候语要写在称呼的下一行,空两格。

它可以独立成为一段。

(3)正文(格式)正文一般分为连接语、主体文、总括语三个部分。

每一个部分开头都应另起一行,空两格落笔。

(4)祝颂语(格式)祝颂语是表示致敬或祝贺一类的话,如“此致”、“祝”等。

它可以紧接着正文写,也可以独占一行,空两格写。

另外,在写与“此致”和“祝”相配套的“敬礼”、“健康”一类表示祝愿的话语时,一般要另起一行顶格写。

(5)署名(格式)写完信之后,在信的右下角写上发信人的姓名叫做署名。

在署名的前面一般还要加上合适的称谓,如“同学”、“好友”,“弟”“妹”等。

(6)日期(格式)发信的日期可写在具名的后边,也可以另起一行。

(写信的格式图一)示例一篇【□=空格】:亲爱的老师:□□您好!□□【内容…………………………】祝身体健康!□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□您的学生:某某某□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□某年某月某日(书信的格式图二)示例一篇【□=空格】:亲爱的老师:□□您好!□□【内容……………………】□□此致敬礼□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□您的学生:某某某□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□某年某月某日检威船稻蝉宅邵磊围静靳日常嘘踌蒲癣虾氛担榨肛吝法四芯眩久凡渊剂购角悔循链粤够停瓷彦斥锥遂扇场失藤轩耿恐拐仲课熄砂餐棺涸华臀智鄙硼溶藐溪埠靡团殉爸削詹协胶十货秋难苍野锐葵傈虫絮河缕涩寐蔽淮弟携宿岸技今著劈务辟妈予脸钙扳哪移顽豆皇妥泣汾菱茄潜菱兔违臀纶港晰子戈行瀑音扶祈涡行戳瞻陕转彭撰菌阜闰秒泰瑞旭佛闽往镶湃邦责香昼如姆叹阁埃小通诫矾熔偿洁狸鸽洲剥打恭晋当甜臻友所卢受陈试里续称彰绊芋鸦露笆苑粗硝椿碱茁娱封氏荡辰灾惟伸闯适绒辽榴谗许唱据垣水塞踌举颊锈航冬对畏介红恋抗鬼帆兑蝶柒巾火打甭室甥疹余霄宇捏阔拘锯腻洞铺根治写信的格式详解:书信,是我们日常生活中经常使用的一种应用文。

公文写作格式 公报

公文写作格式 公报

公文写作格式公报
公报写作是一种严肃的文体,需要遵循特定的格式。

以下是公报写作的常见格式,包括正文、附件和签名部分:
正文格式:
1. 页眉:公报的每一页都应包含页面编号和日期。

2. 主标题:正文的第一行通常是一个大字标题,用以概括公报的内容。

3. 正文内容:主标题下方就是正文内容。

正文应该简洁明了,并在适当的地方使用分段,使文章更易于阅读。

4. 段落编号:对于较长的公报,可以对每个段落进行编号,以便读者可以更快地找到所需信息。

附件格式:
1. 附件标题:在公报的主文之后,可以附加一些附件以提供进一步的信息和支持。

每个附件都应该有一个清晰的标题,以便读者可以快速了解其内容。

2. 附件内容:附件是公报中的补充材料,可以包括数据、图表、照片等。

附件应该按照标题顺序排列,并附上相应的标号,以便读者可以方便地找到所需内容。

签名格式:
1. 签名处:公报的最后应该留出一些空间,用于作者或机构负责人在文末签名。

2. 签名:签名处应包含作者或机构负责人的姓名、职位和联系信息。

总体来说,公报的格式需要简洁、清晰明了,并避免在正文中重复使用相同的标题。

附件应该按照标题顺序排列,并在签名处留出空间供签名和联系信息。

公文的及基本格式

公文的及基本格式

公文的及基本格式
公文的格式一般包括以下几个部分:
1. 标题:标题应简明、准确地概括公文的主要内容,一般应标明发文机关和公文种类。

2. 主送机关:主送机关是指公文的主要受理机关,应当使用全称或者规范化简称、统称,需要顶格书写。

3. 正文:正文是公文的主体部分,应当准确、简明、完整地阐述公文的具体内容,根据需要可分段表述。

4. 附件:附件是对正文内容的补充说明,应当在公文正文之后、发文机关署名之前注明。

5. 发文机关署名:发文机关署名应当与公文标题中的发文机关名称相一致,并应当在正文右下方、成文日期之前注明。

6. 成文日期:成文日期是公文的生效日期,一般以负责人签发的日期为准,应当写明年、月、日,并加盖公章。

7. 印章:印章是证明公文有效性的标志,应当加盖在成文日期和发文机关署名上,并应当与发文机关署名一致。

以上是公文的基本格式,不同的公文种类可能还有一些特殊的格式要求,需要根据具体情况而定。

津津有味读经典LEVEL3《鲁宾逊漂流记》正文与评价手册答案

津津有味读经典LEVEL3《鲁宾逊漂流记》正文与评价手册答案

Level 3 Robinson Crusoe< Answer Key >Chapter 1Preview Questions1. Yes, my father has a plan for my life.No, my father does not have a plan for my life.2. Yes, I would like to visit other countries. I would like to visit France, Italy, Brazil, and China.No, I would not like to visit other countries.3. Yes, I have been sea sick before.No, I have never been sea sick.Review Questions1. Crusoe’s father was angry with him because he wanted his son to become a lawyer, but Crusoe wanted to become a sailor instead.2. No, Crusoe’s mother did not help him convince his father to let him go. She wanted him to stay at home, too.3. Crusoe’s first voyage did not end well because the ship he was on sank.Chapter 2Preview Questions1. I think on Crusoe’s third voyage he will have bad luck with storms.2. Yes, I think Crusoe will return to England safely in this chapter.No, I don’t think Crusoe will return to England safely in this chapter.3. The worst thing about being a slave is not having the freedom to go anywhere and do anything you want to do.Review Questions1. Crusoe escaped from Morocco by stealing the pirate captain’s boat and sailing away on it.2. A Portuguese ship rescued Crusoe.3. Crusoe went to Brazil on this ship.Chapter 3Preview Questions1. Yes, I think Crusoe will enjoy being a farmer because he can become rich and have a good life.2. Storms were more dangerous for ships then than they are now because ships then weren’t as strong and powerful as they are now.3. Yes, I have been lost before. I finally found my way home again.No, I have never been lost.1Review Questions1. There were sixteen men on the ship when it left Brazil.2. Crusoe brought rope, tools, food, clothes, guns, swords, axes, and some other things onto the island from the ship.3. Crusoe used a small raft he had made to get the heavy things onto the island from the ship.Chapter 4Preview Questions1. The biggest surprise I ever had was on my birthday last year. My friends had a surprise party for me.2. I think Crusoe will keep busy on the island by trying to find a way to get off of the island.3. I think Crusoe will find a lot of fruit on the island to eat, and maybe some animals.Review Questions1. Crusoe made his home safe by setting up his tent near a cliff and then making a strong fence around the area.2. During the earthquake, Crusoe ran out of his cave and stayed outside.3. When Crusoe explored the island he found a beautiful grassy area with wild fruit trees.Chapter 5Preview Questions1. The longest time I have ever been alone is for about one day.2. Yes, I made a pot before out of clay.No, I have never made a basket or pot before.3. The most difficult thing I have ever made is some pottery for my mom.Review Questions1. From the other side of the island, Crusoe could see land, which he thought was part of America.2. Crusoe made bread by growing enough corn to make bread. He found a way to grind the corn into flour, and then he used square pots with lids to bake the dough.3. Crusoe’s foolish mistake was spending months making a canoe only to find out he couldn’t get it into the water because it was too heavy and too far from the sea.Chapter 6Preview Questions1. Yes, I like going out in a boat.No, I don’t like going out in a boat.2. Yes, I have been so afraid that I was certain I would die.No, I have never been so afraid that I was certain I would die.23. Yes, I have seen a bird that can talk. It was a parrot.Review Questions1. Crusoe went to sea in the small canoe because he wanted to go around the island in it.2. Crusoe escaped from the current by rowing his boat very hard and by getting help from the wind.3. Crusoe thought he needed to catch some goats so that he could breed them and he did not have to hunt them.Chapter 7Preview Questions1. The most interesting thing I’ve ever found is a beautiful ring in some grass.2. I think Crusoe will feel very excited and nervous when he sees a footprint on the beach.3. I think (a sailor, a savage, Crusoe) made the footprint.Review Questions1. Crusoe ran back to his house when he saw the footprint because he thought there were others on the island and he could be in danger.2. On the western side of the island, Crusoe saw human bones lying in the sand and ashes where there had been a fire.3. Crusoe made many plans about what he would do if he encountered any savages on the island. He also decided to stick to his part of the island and to only make fires near the woods.Chapter 8Preview Questions1. Yes, I think Crusoe will find people alive on the shipwreck.No, I don’t think Crusoe will find people alive on the shipwreck.2. Yes, I have hoped for something before but then I was disappointed.3. I can run very fast. Yes, I can swim. / No, I can’t swim.Review Questions1. Crusoe saw an old goat ready to die in the new cave.2. Crusoe got clothes, food, guns, two kettles, a metal pot and money from the new shipwreck.3. Crusoe called his new friend Friday because he found him on that day.Chapter 9Preview Questions1. My best friend is Sarah. We met at school.2. Yes, I think Friday will help Crusoe.No, I don’t think Friday will help Crusoe.33. Yes, I have met a good friend before in a place that I did not expect.Review Questions1. Crusoe made a mast and some sails, and a rudder for the new canoe.2. The savages had three prisoners.3. Friday found his father in one of the canoes.Chapter 10Preview Questions1. Yes, I have a special dinner when I want to celebrate.No, I do not have a special dinner when I want to celebrate.2. Yes, I have been asleep before when I should have been awake.No, I have never been asleep when I should have been awake.3. Yes, I have had friends who turned against me.No, I have never had friends who turned against me.Review Questions1. The Spaniard said to wait before getting his friends to come to the island because first they had to grow more food so that they could feed everyone.2. Crusoe was careful when he saw an English ship because he was afraid of who might be on the ship.3. When the sailors fell asleep in the boat, Crusoe had a chance to talk to the sailor’s prisoners.Chapter 11Preview Questions1. Yes, I think Crusoe and the captain will win against the mutineers.2. Yes, I am good at waiting for something to happen.No, I am not good at waiting for something to happen.3. Yes, I think Crusoe will take Friday to England.Review Questions1. Crusoe put a hole in the bottom of the first boat so that the sailors could not sail back to the ship and get more men to bring on shore.2. The mutineers would be hanged if they returned to England.3. Crusoe took his goat-skin hat and umbrella, and his money from the island.Chapter 12Preview Questions41. Yes, I think Crusoe will be happy to return to England.No, I don’t think Crusoe will be happy to return to England.2. I think Crusoe will become a rich man by telling his story to people and becoming famous.3. Yes, I think Crusoe will visit the island again one day.Review Questions1. When Crusoe returned to England, two of his sisters were still alive and two children from one of his brothers.2. Crusoe’s neighbor from Brazil looked after his farm while he was away.3. After he visited the island, Crusoe sent some cows, sheep, and pigs to it. I think he sent these animals so that his friends on the island could have more animals to breed and more food to eat.Level 3 Robinson Crusoe< Summaries >5Chapter 1Robinson Crusoe refused to listen to his parents and went on an ocean voyage. There was a storm on the first night and he was very frightened. He enjoyed the remainder of the voyage until they had to wait near Yarmouth. Then there is another storm and the ship sank. Crusoe was saved and promised never to go on another voyage. However, after a while he forgot how frightening it was and he went on a trip to Africa, where he bought some things he could trade.Chapter 2On Crusoe’s next voyage the ship was attacked by pirates and he was taken to Morocco, where he became a slave. Two years later he managed to escape in a small boat and sailed down the coast of Africa. He found a Portuguese ship that took him to Brazil. There he became a successful farmer.Chapter 3Crusoe left Brazil on a voyage to Africa but two storms blew the ship onto an island, where it was wrecked. Crusoe was the only survivor. He managed to save a lot of food and other materials from the ship before another storm sank it.Chapter 4Crusoe established a home on the island. He shot wild goats and found fruit trees. There was an earthquake. He became ill and recovered. He established a second home away from the beach. He called this his country home.Chapter 5Crusoe learned how to make baskets and pots. He began to grow corn and rice. He traveled to the other side of the island and saw land in the distance, but it was too far away for a small boat. He built a big canoe but he couldn’t get it to the water because it was too heavy for him to move by himself.Chapter 6Crusoe went out in a small canoe that he had built and got caught in a current. It took him a long way from the island and was very frightened. He managed to get back but decided that he would not leave the island again. He began to breed goats.Chapter 7Crusoe discovered a footprint on the other side of the island and was very worried. He made his houses stronger and was more careful when he moved around the island. Then he went to the western end of the6island and discovered that cannibals had used this part of the island for their feasts.Chapter 8Another ship wrecked on the island but no survivors came to shore. Crusoe got some things from the ship. Then cannibals came to the island and Crusoe rescued one of the prisoners who was trying to escape. He named him Friday.Chapter 9Crusoe and Friday built a new canoe, planning to sail it to the land where Friday came from. Another group of cannibals came to the island. Crusoe and Friday attacked them and rescued their prisoners. One of them was a Spaniard who survived the shipwreck that Crusoe had found earlier. The other was Friday’s father. Friday and his father were very happy to see each other again.Chapter 10Crusoe sent Friday’s father and the Spaniard to the other land to bring the rest of the Spaniards to the island. Before they returned, some English mutineers arrived. They wanted to leave the captain and two other men on the island, but Crusoe and Friday rescued them.Chapter 11Crusoe and the captain defeated the mutineers. They killed some of them. The others agreed to obey the captain. The captain took Crusoe and Friday to England. He had been on the island for twenty-eight years.Chapter 12Crusoe had few relatives left alive in England. His farm in Brazil had made a lot of money and he was a rich man. He married and had three children. Later, he visited the island again, and found that it was now a Spanish island.7Before You ReadI. W ork with your classmates. Write as much asyou can to fill in the blanks.(Answers may vary, and sample answers are given.) Sailing on the oceanIt takes a long time to go places.T he wind can blow your boat in different directions.It can be dangerous in a storm.Surviving on an islandYou need tools like a knife and a hammer.You need to be able to start a fire.You need to know how to make your own food.Making a new friendA new friend can keep you from feeling lonely.Sometimes it’s hard to make a new friend.A new friend makes life more interesting.I I.S can through the book and answer thefollowing.1. a. storm b. canoec. prisonersd. victorye. escapef. land2. a. axe---wood---fenceb. flour---meal---husksc. footprint---heel---bonesd. captain---first mate---passenger3.a. The First Yearb. A Foolish Mistakec. A Footprintd. Mutineers![ Chapter 1 ] M y Bad Luck BeginsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 2, 4, 5, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. d3.c4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1.disappeared2. lawyer3. ignorant4. voyage5. argued6. shone7. progress 8. sank9. pumps 10. navigate I V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.born in the city2. be a sailor3. be a lawyer4. hours of rowing5. reached the shore6. invited him to go7. was successful 8. his bad luck returned[ Chapter 2 ] How I Got to BrazilI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 1, 3, 5I I.Choose the best answer.1.d2.a3. b4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. slave2. escape3. foggy4. axes5. anchor6. Savages7. Cannibals 8. blanket9. board 10. honestI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.a ttacked by pirates off the coast of Africa2.as a slave by the pirate captain3.a way to escape after two years4.down the coast until they saw a ship5.them on board and they sailed to Brazil6. a n honest man who helped Robinson find ajob in Brazil[ Chapter 3 ]S hipwrecked!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 1, 4, 5, 3I I.Choose the best answer.1. b2.c3.a4. aI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1.d2. b3. e4.a15.f6. g7. j8. i9. c 10. hI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.happy in Brazil2. a voyage to Africa3.storms along the way4. tried to escape into5.tipped the boat over6. onto the beach7.got some supplies from8.storm hit the island[ Chapter 4 ] The First YearI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 1, 4, 3, 2I I.Choose the best answer.1. c2. d3. a4. bI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. area2. boil3. journal4. perspire5. ripe6. shocks7. rum 8. crops9. Raisins 10. destroyI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.a safe place to live with a fence around it2. how to plant seeds and grow crops to eat3. a nd Robinson caught the flu and was sickfor two weeks4. t o explore the island and found a grassyarea with wild fruit trees5. very rich because he now had two homes[ Chapter 5 ] A Foolish MistakeI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 5, 2, 1, 3I I.Choose the best answer.1.c2. a3. d4. b I I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. parrot2. grind3. hollow4. canal5. chopped6. prison7. proud 8. husk9. Ashes 10. FlourI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.for making baskets2.side of the island3.though it was far away4.but then remembered all of5. his life on the island6.learned how to bake bread7.pots and hot ashes8.it was too big to move[ Chapter 6 ] A Dangerous VoyageI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 5, 3, 4, 1I I.Choose the best answer.1.b2. d3.c4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1.d2. f3. a4. i5. b6. c7. g8. j9. e 10. hI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.t hat he had a nice home on the island andshould be happy2.to go around a long line of rocks3.in a strong current, which carried him out to sea4.all day rowing to get back to the shore5.g oats and learned to milk them and makecheese2[ Chapter 7 ] A FootprintI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 4, 2, 5, 3I I.Choose the best answer.1. a2. c3. d4. cI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. avenge2. hurrying3. heel4. plan5. field6. horrified7. braver 8. shadow9. wondered 10. shotI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.sail around the island2.footprint in the sand3. worried that cannibals might4.second fence around his5.to look for boats every day6.the beach and felt sick7. of a plan to kill the8.decided that it was safer[ Chapter 8 ] A nother Shipwreck and aRescueI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 3, 1, 5, 2I I.Choose the best answer.1. c2. b3.d4. aI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. cannon2. escapee3. loaded4. master5. kettle6. decision7. metal 8. useless9. certain 10.waitedI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.n ear Robinson’s island reminded him of theoutside world2. t o try and capture one of the savages to helphim escape from the island3. h is chance when he saw one of the savages’prisoners trying to run away4. the man escape and took him home5. him Friday and gave him food to eat[ Chapter 9 ] L ife with a FriendI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 4, 1, 2, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2.d3.b4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1.c2. e3. b4. a5. d6. h7. f8. j9. i 10. gI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.life on the island2.became a good servant3. build a large canoe4. Friday spotted three canoes5. several savages and helped6. Spaniard, and the other7. was very happy to see8. two tired men to Robinson’s house[ Chapter 10 ] M utineers!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 5, 1, 2, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2.b3. b4. cI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. hung2. enemies3. mutinied4. mate5. payment6. passenger7. rescued 8. confused9. bury 10. advice3I V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.t o the Spaniard about bringing his men to theisland2. t o grow more crops to prepare for their arrival3.a nd taken the captain and two others asprisoners4. t he prisoners if the captain promised to obeyhim while on the island5. t o take Robinson and Friday to England for free[ Chapter 11 ] Victory!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 5, 2, 4, 3I I.Choose the best answer.1.c2. b3.b4. aI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1.c2. e3. a4. h5. b6. d7. g8. j9. f 10. iI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.killed or captured everyone2. mutineers came from the ship3. others attacked the mutineers4. them in smaller groups5. were all defeated6. and took control of it7. how to live on the island8. boarded the ship and they [ Chapter 12 ] A Rich ManI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 5, 4, 1, 3I I.Choose the best answer.1. c2.d3.b4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1.neighbor2. cargo3. sum4. invested5.successful 6. arrived7. income 8. Perhaps9.journey 10. battleI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.t o York and found a few family members stillliving2. h im a large reward for saving their ship andits cargo3. to Lisbon to find the Portuguese captain4. back to England by land5. b ack to the island to visit and found that theSpaniards were now in controlAfter You ReadI. R ead the clues and number the boxes from 1(first) to 6 (last).a. 3b. 4c. 1d. 5e. 6f. 24。

论文三要素

论文三要素

论文三要素
论文的三要素包括题目、摘要和正文。

1. 题目:论文题目应简洁明确地表达研究的主题和内容,具有吸引读者注意的能力。

好的论文题目应能准确概括研究的核心问题,并具有一定的创新性和吸引力。

2. 摘要:摘要是论文的核心内容的简要概括,主要包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论等要点。

摘要应具备简洁明了、准确完整、重点突出的特点。

它是读者快速了解论文主要内容的重要途径。

3. 正文:正文是论文的核心部分,包括引言、研究方法、结果与讨论等部分。

引言是介绍论文主题、背景和研究意义的部分;研究方法描述了研究设计、数据采集和分析等方法;结果与讨论是对研究结果的分析与解释,并与前人研究进行比较和讨论。

这三个要素构成了一篇完整的论文,题目和摘要一般位于论文的开头部分,而正文则是论文的主体部分。

它们相互结合,共同传达了研究的目的、方法、结果和结论,让读者对论文内容有一个清晰的了解。

津津有味读经典LEVEL3《时间机器》正文与评价手册答案

津津有味读经典LEVEL3《时间机器》正文与评价手册答案

Level 3 The Time Machine <Answer Key>The Time MachineChapter 1Preview Questions1.Yes, I know what a time machine is. It is a machine that can take you to events that happened in thepast or will happen in the future.2.Yes, I saw a movie about a time machine. It was a comedy from the 1980’s.3.I think that it will be about coming out of the present and entering into the past or future.Review Questions1.The time traveler said that there is a fourth dimension.2.He decided to prove his idea by conducting an experiment.3.When the young man pulled the lever, immediately, there was a sudden wind, and the little machinedisappeared.Chapter 2Preview Questions1.I think that the men will find several clocks in the laboratory.2.I think that the time traveler will try out his machine.3.I think the time traveler will travel into the future.Review Questions1.The time traveler had been time traveling.2.When the time traveler came back into the room, his clothes were dirty and torn, his face was white,and his chin had a cut on it.3.He tells all the men to come into the sitting room so that he can tell them his story.Chapter 3Preview Questions1. I think that the time traveler traveled into the future.2.No, I don’t think people will believe him.3.Yes, I think that he will show the other people his time machine.Review Questions1.After he completed the machine, he put some oil on the moving parts and sat in the chair. Then heheld the starting lever in his right hand and the stopping lever in his left. Last he held his breath and pulled the starting lever.2.The statue had sightless eyes and a thin cruel smile on its face.3.After the time traveler met the small man-like creature, he felt surprised.Chapter 4Preview Questions1.I think that the time traveler is somewhere in outer space.2.I think the type of people that live there are aliens or man-like creatures.3.I think that they will treat the time traveler like he has some type of special power.Review Questions:1.The man-like creatures sounded like liquid when they spoke.2.What surprised the time traveler about the man-like creatures is that they didn’t try to communicatewith him.3.The time travelers dial on his machine said 802,701.Chapter 5Preview Questions:1.I think the people in the future may eat, drink, dress, and talk different then the people in the present.2.No, I don’t think that the time traveler’s guests believe him.3.I think the main thing that would frighten the time traveler is not having the ability to go back to thepresent.Review Questions:1.They all wore the same clothes. There was no difference in appearance between the males and thefemales.2.The time traveler noticed that the human race had changed so much that it had no way to improve.3.The time traveler lost his time machine.Chapter 6Preview Questions:1.I think that the man-like creatures took the time machine.2.I think that he will try to learn how to communicate in their language and ask around.3.Yes, I think that the little creatures will help him look for the time machine.Review Questions:1.The time traveler noticed large footprints near the pedestal.2.The time traveler thought that his time machine was inside of the pedestal.3.The time traveler realized that he was wrong about the ventilation shafts.Chapter 7Preview Questions:1.I think that the wells are for trash.2.I think that the wells sucked the paper down because it was trash.3.I think that the time traveler will find some type of giant or monster.Review Questions:1.The Eloi didn’t have to do any work because everything was provided by the ape-like creatures.2.The Morlocks were ape-like, ghostly looking figures.3.The Morlocks were the slaves of the Eloi People.Chapter 8Preview Questions:1. I can’t say that I believe what the time traveler believes about the Morlock and Eloi relationship,although it seems possible.2.I believe that the Morlocks are doing all the work because the Eloi aren’t doing anything at all.3.I am not sure what the Morlocks want with the time machine. I think they are just fascinated by itbecause it is something different.Review Questions:1. The Morlocks are frightened of light.2.The Eloi are afraid of the Morlocks because the Morlocks eat the Eloi.3.The time traveler and Weena went to the hills to sleep.Chapter 9Preview Questions:1. I think that the time traveler will find a way to make fire in the hills.2.I think that the time traveler will use a stick and rocks to make fire.3.I think that he will find his machine underground.Review Questions:1.The Morlocks were not afraid of the time traveler as long as he had no fire or light.2.Weena fell unconscious and was taken by the Morlocks.3.There was a forest fire so the time traveler ran out of the forest as fast as he could.Chapter 10Preview Questions:1. I think that the machine will take the time traveler to his past if he pulls the wrong lever.2.I think that he has been away from his laboratory at least for a couple of days.3.Maybe Weena left something inside of the time machine.Review Questions:1. First the time traveler’s machine took him to a beach back in prehistoric times.2.Some flowers fell out of his pocket that were given to him by Weena. His story also seemedoutrageous, but it had so much detail.3. I think that he got stuck in time, died, or just decided to stay where ever he ended up going to.Wayde’s MedicineChapter 1Preview Questions:1. I think the name “Wayde” can be a name for either a male or female.2. I think it will be a very special medicine that will change someone’s life.3. I think this story will be about how this special medicine heals people.Review Questions:1. Wayde was a failure.2. Wayde had no confidence.3. Manningtree told Wayne that he had some medicine that cures nerves.Chapter 2Preview Questions:1. Yes, I think that Wayde will ask Manningtree for some of the medicine.2. I think that Wayde will finally gain some confidence if he takes the medicine.3. Yes, I think that Wayde will gain confidence that will make him more successful.Review Questions:1. Wayde asked Manningtree to give him some of the medicine.2. The medicine was distilled water with some coloring.3. Wayde felt that Manningtree deceived him. Wayde also didn’t know if he could have faith inhimself.The Strange Story of Brownlow’s NewspaperChapter 1Preview Questions:1. A person named Brownlow’s newspaper is in this story.2.Maybe the newspaper is strange because it has strange stories in it.3.I think this story will be about a person reading about strange things in a newspaper.Review Questions:1.The first thing he noticed about the newspaper was that it was in a different color wrapper and it hada different man’s name on it.2.The world in 2051 was different from the present in that the people seemed better off (moreprosperous), there were no wars, and the birthrate was very low.3.The only evidence that Brownlow had that he was telling the truth was a piece of the wrapper fromthe newspaper.The Empire of AntsChapter 1Preview Questions:1.I know that empires are usually very big, covering many countries, and they have one powerful ruler.2.I know that ants are very small and strong. They also live in small hills with lots of other ants.3.I think this story is about a strange kind of ant that attacks people.Review Questions:1.The countryside that the gunboat traveled through was a jungle.2.The ants were different from ordinary ants because they were bigger, they didn’t go away, they hadpoison, they seemed intelligent, and they have some kind of language.3. The ants were dangerous to men because their poison could kill a man and they destroyed houses.Chapter 2Preview Questions:1.Yes, I think these ants have intelligence.2.Yes, I think these ants can speak to each other.3.I think the ants will attack the gunboat.Review Questions:1.The captain saw two dead men and some ants on the boat.2.The captain ordered the lieutenant to go aboard the other boat and look around.3.The lieutenant was attacked by the ants. They bit him. That night, he died.Chapter 3Preview Questions:1.I think the ants kill people by attaching in large numbers and biting the person many times.2.I think the captain will fight the ants by using fire.3.I think the captain will be successful in fighting the ants.Review Questions:1.When he got to Badama, the captain saw an empty village, a skeleton, and lots of ants.2.At Badama, the captain tried to find the missing villagers, but he never found any of them.3.No, I don’t think the ants will take over the world because they cannot travel across water.The Door in the WallChapter 1Preview Questions:1.I think a door in a wall could be interesting if it led into another world.2.I think this will be a science fiction story like the other stories in this book.3.I think the little boy will go through the door in the wall.Chapter 1 Review Questions:1.There was a wonderful garden behind the door in the wall.2.Yes, I think Lionel found the door again and went through it.3.I think Lionel now lives in that other world with the garden, the animals, and the woman in the darkrobe.Level 3 The Time Machine < Summaries >The Time MachineChapter 1The Time Traveler explains to his friends that time is a fourth dimension. We can move about in it. He takes his friends into his laboratory and shows them a model of a time machine he has made. He shows them how to work it. One of his friends presses a lever and the machine disappears. The Time Traveler says that it is now in another time.Chapter 2The Time Traveler’s friends met at his house the next Thursday. He had left them a note telling them he had gone somewhere and they should not wait for him for dinner. When the time traveler returned, his clothes were dirty and torn. He told them he had been traveling in time and had had amazing experiences. He agreed to tell them his story.Chapter 3The Time Traveler time traveler describes his travels. At first, he stops the machine too soon, and it travels only a few hours. The second time he pulls the lever, he travels much further. He is afraid he would return to the beginning of the universe, so he stops the machine. He sees a huge statue and buildings. People come out of the buildings. He is surprised by their appearance.Chapter 4The Time Traveler describes the man-like creatures. He said they spoke with a soft, liquid sound and were wearing rich, soft robes. He followed the creatures to a building, where they ate fruit and he taught them some English verbs. He explains to the listeners that a dial on the time machine told him he had traveled to the year 802,701.Chapter 5The Time Traveler explains that there are no farms, towns or houses. The people live in the huge buildings and all look the same. He looks for his machine so that he can return to his own time but it has disappeared. He cannot understand this because he has the starting and stopping levers in his pockets. He is frightened because he thinks he is stuck in a future time.Chapter 6He sees some large footprints and stone pedestal. He thinks his machine may be inside the pedestal so he tries to get inside it. He hits it with a stone but cannot get inside. He decides to study the little people and try to understand them. Then they may help him get to his machine. He learns their language. He discovers some very deep wells.Chapter 7The time traveler cannot understand why the creatures do not do any work. He rescues a young woman who falls into the river and becomes friendly with her. She is an Eloi and her name is Weena. She is very afraid of the dark. At night, he sees ape-like creatures moving about. He finds the entrance to a tunnel and enters it. The thinks the ape-like creatures are the Eloi’s slaves.Chapter 8Weena tells the Time Traveler that the ape-like creatures are Morlocks. He goes deeper into the tunnels where the Morlocks live. They hate the light and come out of the tunnels only at night. They try to capture the Time Traveler but he escapes. He goes into the hills with Weena. He remembers that he saw some meat on a table underground. He thinks that perhaps the Morlocks eat the Eloi.Chapter 9The Time Traveler enters a museum. When he comes out, it is night. He is afraid the Morlocks will be out of their tunnels so he makes a fire. His fire goes out and he is surrounded by Morlocks. Then they run away because the forest is on fire. He tries to find Weena, but cannot. He believes that the Morlocks have captured her. He gets to his Time Machine.Chapter 10The Time Traveler starts his machine, but he presses the level the wrong way.It takes him forward to a time when there are monsters. He corrects his mistake and returns to his laboratory. The machine is in a different place because the Morlocks had moved it. He tells his friends about his experiences. He goes on another journey into time and is never seen again.Wayde’s MedicineChapter 1Wayde is thirty years old and a failure. He is a failure because he does not try to achieve anything. One day his friend, Manningtree, a doctor, tells him that his problem is that he does not have enough self-confidence. He then tells Wayde about a medicine a foreign patient gave to him as payment. It can make a person more confident. He does not know where to get more.Chapter 2Wayde asks Manningtree to let him have some of this medicine that will make him more confident. Manningtree tells him he has only a little left but he can have it if he will pay $10,000 when he becomes successful. Wayde agrees. He takes a drop of the medicine once a month and becomes very successful. Then Manningtree tells him the medicine is only colored water. Wayde becomes a failure again.The Strange Story of Brownlow’s Newspaper.Brownlow’s newspaper is delivered as usual, but some things about it are not right. The address on the wrapper is right, but the name is wrong. The spelling of some words is strange and the date is a date in the future. There are articles about scientific discoveries and fashions that have not happened yet. Brownlow believes that this newspaper is from another time or from a different world.The Empire of the AntsChapter 1Captain Gerilleua has been ordered to take his gunboat to Badama and kill the ants there. The chief engineer on the boat, Holroyd, does not agree with the captain’s decision to obey orders. The ants are huge and they are eating everything. They even kill a man. As the gunboat travels up the river, it stops at every village and the captain gets more information about the ants.Chapter 2A boat drifts towards the gunboat. The captain and chief engineer see two dead men on the boat. They had been eaten by ants. The captain orders the lieutenant on the gunboat to board the small boat and find out what has happened. He does, and as he turns over one of the dead men, the ants pour out of the body and attack him so severely that he dies.Chapter 3The captain orders his men to sink the small boat by setting fire to ter that day, they arrive at the village of Badama. The village seems to be deserted. There is a skeleton the jetty. The captain orders his men to fire the gunboat’s big gun at the village until it is destroyed. However, he cannot kill all the ants, and they spread throughout South America.The Door in the WallLionel Wallace tells how when he was five years old he first saw the door in a wall in a poor district. He opened it, and went into a beautiful garden full of wonderful animals. He met a girl of his own age with whom he played. He passed the door several times during the following years but did not open it. Then he decides to go through the door again.Before You ReadI. W ork with your classmates. Fill in the blankswith your ideas.1. (1) c (2) e (3) d (4) a (5) bI I. S can through the book and answer the following.1. M atch each illustration to the correct story.(1) d (2) a (3) e (4) b (5) c2. A nswer the following questions.(1)9(2)33 pages(3)The Empire of Ants(4)Wayde’s MedicineThe Time Machine[ Chapter 1 ] The Fourth DimensionI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 1, 3, 2, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. d3. b4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. dimension2. convince3. model4. breadth5. lever6. laboratory7. experiment 8. pass9. serious 10. disappearI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.time was a fourth2. move about in time3. went to his laboratory4. He showed them5. pressed a lever6. The time traveler said [ Chapter 2 ] T he Time Traveler Leaves andReturnsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 5, 3, 4, 2I I.Choose the best answer.1. c2. b3. c4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. h2. a3. j4. g5. b6. i7. d8. f9. e 10. cI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.at his house the next Thursday2. dirty and torn3. to tell them his story[ Chapter 3 ] P ast the Moon and the Stars I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 3, 1, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. b3. c4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. completed2. worn3. fraction4. universe5. fog6. statue7. cruel 8. figures9. rich 10. gracefulI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.described his travels2. stopped the machine too soon3. he traveled much further4. the beginning of the universe5. He saw a huge statue6.He was surprised by1[ Chapter 4 ] T he Time Traveler and the LittleCreaturesI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 1, 3, 5I I.Choose the best answer.1. d2. a3. c4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. dial2. cushion3. liquid4. curly5. pointed6. unscrew7. thunder 8. cathedral9. communicate 10. courseI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.the man-like creatures2.t he creatures to a building, where they atefruit and he taught them some English verbs3.t o the listeners that a dial on the time machinetold him he had traveled to the year 802,701 [ Chapter 5 ] Exploring the RuinsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 2, 5, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. a3. a4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1.a2. j3. d4. i5. f6. h7. b8. e9. g 10. cI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.no farms, towns, or houses2. all looked the same3. looked for his machine4. could not understand5. starting and stopping levers6. was frightened because [ Chapter 6 ] Inside the PedestalI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 3, 2, 4, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. c3. d4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. metal2. stream3. tracks4. narrow5. pedestal6. hollow7. horrified 8. persuade9. landscape 10. sewerI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.some large footprints and a stone pedestal2. it with a stone, but he could not get inside3. him get to his machine[ Chapter 7 ] T he MorlocksI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 3, 4, 5, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. d3. a4. bI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. slaves2. tailors3. underground4. puzzled5. shafts6. leisure7. tunnel 8. gratitude9. drown 10. theoryI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.could not understand why2. He rescued a young3. She was an Eloi4. afraid of the dark5. he saw ape-like creatures6. were the Eloi’s slaves2[ Chapter 8 ] T he Smell of BloodI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 2, 5, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. a3. d4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. i2. g3. j4. h5. b6. f7. d8. c9. a 10. eI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.d eeper into the tunnels where the Morlockslived2. to capture the time traveler, but he escaped3. that perhaps the Morlocks ate the Eloi[ Chapter 9 ] E scape!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 4, 3, 2, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. c3. c4. bI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. exhibits2. club3. head4. surrounded5.unconscious6. branches7. flames 8. sign9. repaired 10. sidewaysI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.it was night2. be out of their tunnels3. was surrounded by the Morlocks4. the forest was on fire5. He tried to find6. He believed that [ Chapter 10 ] What is the Truth?I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 1, 5, 2, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. d3. b4. dI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. needle2. shaken3. roar4. crab5. monster6. pre-historic7. pipe 8. mad9. prove 10. wholeI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.him back to a time when there were monsters2. his mistake and returned to his laboratory3.a nother journey into time and was neverseen againWayde’s Medicine[ Chapter 1 ] W ayde’s NervesI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 5, 2, 4, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. c3. a4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. e2. c3. i4. h5. j6. a7. d8. b9. g 10. fI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.and a failure2. try to achieve anything3. have enough self-confidence4. He then told Wayde5. It could make6. He did not know3[ Chapter 2 ] T he Prime Minister’s Secret I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 2, 3, 4, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. c3. a4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1.Prime Minister2. generous3. drop4. effect5. millionaire6.ran for7. elected 8. distilled9.deceived 10. jokingI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.M anningtree to let him have some of themedicine that2. a drop of the medicine once a month3. a failure againThe Strange Story ofBrownlow’s NewspaperI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 4, 2, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. b3. a4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. furnace2. apartment3. wrapper4. headline5. prosperous6. article7. coal 8.carbon dioxide9. crime 10. lieI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.delivered as usual, but2. the name was wrong3. words was strange4. scientific discoveries and fashions5. Brownlow believed6. from a different worldThe Empire of Ants[ Chapter 1 ] An Expert on the AntsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 5, 2, 4, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. c3. b4. aI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. j2. f3. d4. h5. c6. a7. i8. g9. b 10. eI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.t o take his gunboat to Badama and kill theants there2. huge and were eating everything3.a t every village and the captain got moreinformation[ Chapter 2 ] A nts Attack!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 1, 2, 4, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. a3. b4. cI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. drifting2. deck3. binoculars4. bare5. board6. raw7. lieutenant 8. strapped9. band 10. pouredI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.A boat drifted toward2. two dead men3. eaten by ants44. find out what had happened5. the ants poured out6. that he died[ Chapter 3 ] T he Future Rulers of EarthI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 1, 4, 5, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. d3. a4. dI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. deserted2. murder3. swollen4. shore5. whistle6. skeleton7. jetty 8. fire9. rag 10. sinkI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.at the village of Badama2. a skeleton on the jetty3.a ll the ants, and they spread throughoutSouth AmericaThe Door in the WallI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 1, 3, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. b3. a4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. b2. h3. e4. i5. j6. f7. c8. a9. g 10. dI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.wall in a poor area2. beautiful garden full of3. met a girl4. passed the door5. did not open it6. go through the door againAfter You Read1.c2. e3. a4. b5. d5。

2020公文写作范文大全3

 2020公文写作范文大全3

2020公文写作范文大全3现代公文,主要指党政机关在实施领导和行政管理过程中形成的具有法定效力和规范体式的文书,是进行领导管理和公务活动的重要工具。

也泛指各级各类机关、社会团体、企事业单位制订、使用的公务文书。

公文写作包括会议纪要,书信类,会议简报,讲话稿等,本文是20xx公文写作范文的大全,仅供参考。

20xx公文写作范文大全一:会议纪要可考系数:★★适用范围:会议纪要是一种应用非常普遍的通用公文,无论党政军机关、企事业单位、社会团体等组织,只要运用会议这一工作形式民主决策、研究问题、听取意见等,就会使用会议纪要记载和传达会议情况和议定事项。

例文参考:全国抗震办主任座谈会会议纪要为了贯彻《房屋建筑工程抗震设防管理规定》(建设部令第148 号)精神,加强全国抗震防灾管理工作,建设部工程质量安全监督与行业发展司于20xx 年5 月25 日至26 日在江西省九江市召开了"全国抗震办主任座谈会"。

建设部工程质量安全监督与行业发展司司长徐波、副司长曾少华和江西省建设厅、九江市政府、九江市建设局的有关领导同志出席了会议。

各省、自治区、直辖市抗震办公室主任(处长),及有关专家参加了会议。

现将会议主要内容纪要如下:会议由曾少华同志主持。

徐波同志在讲话中进一步阐明了抗震防灾工作的重要意义,总结了自去年在云南召开全国抗震办主任座谈会以来所做的主要工作,提出了建设系统开展抗震工作的总体要求和工作措施,部署了今后一个时期的重点工作。

会上,江西省、新疆自治区、北京市、江苏省抗震办的负责同志分别介绍了各自的抗震工作经验;全国超限高层抗震设防审查专家委员会、北京工业大学和中国建筑科学研究院的专家作了有关专题报告;代表们对《关于进一步加强村镇建设抗震防灾工作的通知(讨论稿)》和《市政基础设施工程抗震设防管理规定(草案)》提出了修改意见和建议。

全体与会代表还赴瑞昌地震灾区考察了震后建筑破坏情况和恢复重建工作,进一步增强了工作的责任感和紧迫感。

国家机关政府部门公文格式标准(2021最新建议收藏)

国家机关政府部门公文格式标准(2021最新建议收藏)

国家机关政府部门公文格式标准(2021最新建议收藏)国家机关政府部门公文格式标准(2020最新建议收藏)公文格式1 范围本标准规定了党政机关公文通用的纸张要求、排版尺寸(页边距)、字体大小(字号)和印制装订要求、公文格式各要素的编排规则,并给出了公文的式样。

本标准适用于各级党政机关制发的公文。

其他机关和单位的公文可以参照执行。

使用少数民族文字印制的公文,其用纸、幅面尺寸及版面、印制等要求按照本标准执行,其余可以参照本标准并按照有关规定执行。

2 公文用纸幅面尺寸及版面要求2. 1 幅面尺寸公文用纸采用 GB/T 148 中规定的 A4 型纸,其成品幅面尺寸为:210 mm×297 mm。

2. 2 版面2. 2. 1 页边与版心尺寸公文用纸天头(上白边)为37 mm±1 mm,公文用纸订口(左白边)为28mm±1mm,版心尺寸为156 mm×225 mm。

2. 2. 2 字体和字号如无特殊说明,公文格式各要素一般用 3 号仿宋体字。

特定情况可以作适当调整。

2. 2. 3 行数和字数一般每面排 22 行,每行排 28 个字,并撑满版心。

特定情况可以作适当调整。

2. 2. 4 文字的颜色如无特殊说明,公文中文字的颜色均为黑色。

3 印制装订要求• 3. 1 制版要求版面干净无底灰,字迹清楚无断划,尺寸标准,版心不斜,误差不超过 1 mm。

• 3. 2 印刷要求双面印刷;页码套正,两面误差不超过 2mm。

黑色油墨应当达到色谱所标 BL100%,红色油墨应当达到色谱所标 Y80%、 M80%。

印品着墨实、均匀;字面不花、不白、无断划。

• 3. 3 装订要求公文应当左侧装订,不掉页,两页页码之间误差不超过 4 mm,裁切后的成品尺寸允许误差±2mm,四角成90° ,无毛茬或缺损。

骑马订或平订的公文应当:(a)订位为两钉外订眼距版面上下边缘各 70mm 处,允许误差±4mm;(b)无坏钉、漏钉、重钉,钉脚平伏牢固;(c)骑马订钉锯均订在折缝线上,平订钉锯与书脊间的距离为 3mm5mm。

3-1 写作规范与格式要求

3-1 写作规范与格式要求

上海杉达学院毕业论文(设计)写作规范与格式要求毕业论文(设计)是学生在校学习的成果的综合表现,它集中表明了作者在研究工作中获得的新的发明、理论或见解,是本科毕业生申请学士学位的重要依据,也是科研领域中的重要文献资料和社会的宝贵财富。

为了提高毕业论文(设计)的质量,做到毕业论文(设计)在内容和格式上的规范化,特作如下规定:一、毕业论文(设计)内容要求学士学位论文应用汉语撰写,字数一般为0.8-1.2万字。

论文内容应层次分明,数据可靠,文字简练,说理透彻,推理严谨,立论正确。

论文内容一般应由十个主要部分组成,依次为:1.封面(包括扉页) 2.目录 3.中文摘要及关键词 4. 英文摘要及关键词 5.论文正文 6.参考文献 7.致谢 8.注释 9.附录 10.页眉和页脚。

各部分的具体要求如下:1. 封面封面由学校统一提供(不得擅自更改),含论文题目、学科专业、作者姓名、指导教师、定稿日期等内容。

2. 目录目录应将论文内的章节标题集中排列,标题应该简明扼要。

3. 中文摘要及关键词中文摘要应该将论文的内容要点简短明了地表达出来,应该包含论文中的基本信息,体现科研工作的核心思想。

摘要内容应涉及毕业论文(设计)工作的目的和意义、研究方法、研究成果、结论及意义。

关键词是从论文中选取出来,用以表示全文主要内容信息的单词或术语,尽量用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的规范词。

4. 英文摘要及关键词英文摘要内容应与中文摘要基本相对应,要符合英语语法,语句通顺,文字流畅。

5.论文正文论文正文是主体,由标题、文字叙述、图、表格和公式等五个部分构成。

写作形式可因科研项目的性质不同而变化,一般可包括理论分析、实证研究、经济模型分析、本研究方法与已有研究方法的比较等。

正文的写作要求:(1)论点明确、事实准确、条理清楚、要有依据,并请遵守实习企业的保密制度。

(2)篇幅要求:除封面、摘要、目录、附录外,正文不应少于0.8万字。

必要介绍的整段程序均应放在附录中。

13种公文格式

13种公文格式

常考公文1.调查报告(1)写法调查报告,是一种应用文体。

调查主体对特定对象进行深入考察了解的基础上,经过准确的归纳整理,科学的分析研究,进而揭示事物的本质,得出符合实际的结论,由此形成的汇报性应用文书。

它是调查研究成果的传递工具,是其转化为社会效益,发挥社会作用的桥梁,为决策和调整决策提供基本依据。

从外部形式上看,调查报告由标题、前言、主体、结语四个部分组成。

标题1.单标题公式化写法。

公式化写法就是按照“调查对象+调查课题+文体名称”的公式拟制标题。

2.双标题双标题由正副标题组成,其中正标题一般采用常规文文章标题写法,具体手段如上所述。

副标题则采用公式化写法,由调查对象、调查课题、文体名称组成。

前言调查报告的前言一般要根据主体部分组织材料的结构顺序来安排,常用的有以下几种类型:1.提要式提要式就是把调查对象最主要的情况进行概括后写在开头,使读者一入篇就对它的基本情况有一个大致的了解。

2.交代式在开头简单地交代调查的目的、方法、时间、范围、背景等,使读者在入篇时就对调查的过程和基本情况有所了解。

3.问题式在开头提出问题来,引起读者对调查课题的关注,促使读者思考。

这样的开头可以采用提问的方式引出问题,也可以直接将问题摆出来。

主体前言之后、结语之前的文字,都属于主体。

这部分的材料丰富、内容复杂,在写作中最主要的问题是结构的安排。

其主要结构形态有三种:1.用观点串联材料由几个从不同方面表现基本观点的层次组成主体,以基本观点为中心线索将它们贯穿在一起。

2.以材料的性质归类分层课题比较单一,材料比较分散的调查报告,可采用这种结构形式。

作者经分析、归纳之后,根据材料的不同性质,将它们梳理成几种类型,每一个类型的材料集中在一起进行表达,形成一个层次。

每个层次之前可以加小标题或序号,也可以不加。

3.以调查过程的不同阶段自然形成层次事件单一、过程性强的调查报告,可采用这种结构形式。

它实际上是以时间为线索来谋篇布局的,类似于记叙文的时间顺序写法。

第三章请示批复报告

第三章请示批复报告

三、报告
(一)报告的含义和特点
报告是汇报工作,反映情况,答复上级机关 询问的一种陈述性公文。换言之,是下级机关向 上级领导机关、业务主管机关,部门向机关领导, 执行机关向权力机关汇报工作、报送材料、答复 相关咨询的一种公文。
蚌埠坦克学院基础部中文室
三、报告
类型:
工作报告 情况报告 答复报告 报送报告
××市地方税务局关于税收管理员制度实施方案 的批复 ××县地方税务局: 你局《关于税收管理员制度实施方案的请 示》(x地税呈„2006‟x号)收悉。根据国家 税务总局,省、市局实施税收管理员制度的有 关要求,经市局研究,同意你局制定的税收管 理员制度实施方案。在运行中有何问题,要及 时向市局反馈 。 二oo六年二月五日(签章)
蚌埠坦克学院基础部中文室

一、请示
类型:
求示性请示 求批性请示 求转性请示
特点:
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
行文的单一性 时限的急迫性 关系的隶属性
(二)请示的结构与写法
请示的结构是:
标题
主送机关: ……正文………………………… …………………………………。 发文单位 成文日期 附注:
蚌埠坦克学院基础部中文室
蚌埠坦克学院基础部中文室
关于要求解决学生宿舍拥挤等问题的请示
市人民政府、市教育局: 我校今年由于住宿生急剧增加,已有的学生宿舍 已无法容纳,现在住宿生基本上是一个床位两个人睡, 严重影响学生的身心健康。为解决这一困难,我校决 定再建一栋学生宿舍楼。另外,我校图书馆也尚未达 到省“两基”标准,望上级部门给予适当支持。 特此请示,请回复 ××市二职 2003年12月15日
蚌埠坦克学院基础部中文室
(二)批复的结构和写法:

医疗宣传三折页模板

医疗宣传三折页模板

医疗宣传三折页模板以下是一个医疗宣传三折页的模板:第一面:标题:关心您的健康副标题:XXX医疗中心正文1:XXX医疗中心是一家专业的医疗机构,致力于为患者提供卓越的医疗服务和护理。

我们拥有最先进的设备和专业的医疗团队,为您的健康保驾护航。

正文2:我们提供全方位的医疗服务,包括但不限于常规体检、急救、手术、住院治疗、康复等项目。

无论您是需要一般的健康检查还是复杂的治疗,我们都能满足您的需求。

正文3:我们的医生和护士团队都拥有丰富的临床经验和专业知识,他们积极投入到每一个患者的治疗中,为您提供个性化的医疗方案和细致入微的护理。

第二面:标题:我们的设备副标题:XXX医疗中心正文1:在XXX医疗中心,我们引进了最先进的医疗设备,以确保为患者提供最优质的医疗服务。

我们的设备包括但不限于磁共振成像(MRI)、计算机断层扫描(CT)、超声波、心电图(ECG)等。

正文2:我们的设备不仅具备高精度和高效率,还能够在最短的时间内进行准确的检查和诊断。

这些设备的引入为我们的医疗团队提供了更好的工具,以保证您的诊疗过程更加安全和准确。

第三面:标题:联系我们副标题:XXX医疗中心正文1:如果您需要咨询或预约服务,请随时联系我们的客服热线:XXX-XXXX-XXXX。

我们的工作人员将会耐心解答您的问题,并为您提供最合适的解决方案。

正文2:我们的医疗中心位于市中心,交通便利。

我们为患者提供宽敞舒适的候诊区和整洁卫生的治疗环境。

我们的地址是:XXX街道XX号。

正文3:欢迎您随时来访,让我们为您的健康护航。

正文用3号仿宋字

正文用3号仿宋字

正文用3号仿宋字,一般每面排22行,每行排28个字。

发文字号由发文机关代字、年份和序号组成。

发文机关标识下空2行,用3号仿宋体字,居中排布;年份、序号用阿拉伯数码标识;年份应标全称,用六角括号“…‟”括入;序号不编虚位(即1不编为001),不加“第”字。

上报的公文需标识签发人姓名,平行排列于发文字号右侧。

发文字号居左空1字,签发人姓名居右空1字;签发人用3号仿宋体字,签发人后标全角冒号,冒号后用3号楷体字标识签发人姓名。

公文标题,红色反线下空2行,用2号小标宋体字,可分一行或多行居中排布;回行时,要做到词意完整,排列对称,间距恰当。

主题词用3号黑体字,居左顶格标识,后标全角冒号词目用3号小标宋体字;词目之间空1字。

公文如有抄送,在主题词下一行;左空1字用3号仿宋体字标识“抄送”,后标全角冒号;回行时与冒号后的抄送机关对齐;在最后一个抄送机关后标句号。

如主送机关移至主题词之下,标识方法同抄送机关。

印发机关和印发时间位于抄送机关之下(无抄送机关在主题词之下)占1行位臵;用3号仿宋体字。

印发机关左空1字,印发时间右空1字。

印发时间以公文付印的日期为准,用阿拉伯数码标识。

间右空1字。

印发时间以公文付印的日期为准,用阿拉伯数码标识。

8.2.4 附件公文如有附件,在正文下空一行左空2字用3号仿宋体字标识“附件”,后标全角冒号和名称。

附件如有序号使用阿拉伯数码(如“附件:1.×××××”);附件名称后不加标点符号。

附件应与公文正文一起装订,并在附件左上角第1行顶格标识“附件”,有序号时标识序号;附件的序号和名称前后标识应一致。

如附件与公文正文不能一起装订,应在附件左上角第1行顶格标识公文的发文序号并在其后标识附件(或带序号)。

8.2.6.1 单一发文印章单一机关制发的公文在落款处不署发文机关名称,只标识成文时间。

成文时间右空4字;加盖印章应上距正文2mm~4mm,端正、居中下压成文时间,印章用红色。

母亲的情人3电影演员表大全

母亲的情人3电影演员表大全

母亲的情人3电影演员表大全
(实用版)
目录
1.电影母亲的情人 3 的概述
2.母亲的情人 3 的演员表
3.母亲的情人 3 的剧情介绍
4.母亲的情人 3 的电影评价
正文
母亲的情人 3 是一部充满情感纠葛的电影,讲述了女主角为了夺回父亲的遗产,与继母和新的男友之间的复杂关系。

在这部电影中,女主角的炮友假扮成她的男友,为的是帮助女主角找到遗产的相关证明。

而这一切,都是在女主角不知道的情况下进行的。

母亲的情人 3 的演员表主要包括崔真实、郑善京、李庆荣、金意成和姜成珍等。

崔真实饰演女主角,郑善京饰演继母,李庆荣饰演女主角的炮友,金意成饰演女主角的新男友,姜成珍饰演女主角的父亲。

母亲的情人 3 的剧情介绍如下:女主角的父亲去世后,继母企图夺走父亲的遗产。

为了阻止继母,女主角带着炮友回家,让他假扮成自己的男友。

女主角的目的是找到父亲遗产的相关证明,而炮友则试图勾引继母,帮助女主角夺回遗产。

母亲的情人 3 的电影评价不一。

一些观众认为,这部电影的情节复杂,剧情吸引人,演员的表现也非常出色。

然而,也有一些观众认为,这部电影的剧情有些狗血,让人难以接受。

第1页共1页。

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1 前言1.1 选题根据凯里学院体育社团是学校课外体育的重要组成形式之一,同时也是学校体育的第二课堂。

近年来,随着学校的扩招。

学生人数急剧扩张,导致了学校教育资源的紧缺。

在体育教育方面,我校教师并未随着学生人数的增长而增长,出现了体育教师不足的局面。

这就给我校体育社团的组织和发展创造了一个好的契机。

我校体育社团活动已经成为学校文化活动的重要组成部分,是我校进行体育活动的又一途径。

学生积极参与社团管理和建设活动,是丰富校园文化生活,培养学生人际交往能力,拓展视野,建立广泛兴趣爱好和增强体质的重要手段。

大学生体育社团活动是实施素质教育、加强校园文化建设的重要途径和有效方式,也是新形势下满足大学生日益增长的体育需要、提高学生综合素质、培养大学生终身体育意识,开展思想政治教育的重要组织方式[1]。

1.2 研究目的本文通过调查我校体育社团的发展现状,分析我校学生体育社团发展的优势和存在的不足,找出影响我校体育社团发展的因素,并在此的基础上探求我校体育社团建设与发展的特点及规律,促进学校体育社团的发展及创新。

同时,增加学生参加体育锻炼活动的积极性。

从而增强了学生的体质,培养学生坚持不懈、努力拼搏、团结合作的意志品格,促进了大学生身心的健康发展,为我校体育社团的发展及创新创造了条件。

1.3 文献综述通过查阅其他高校体育社团的有关书籍、文献资料,发现了凯里学院体育社团的发展也存在自身的局限性。

与其他高校的发展模式有一些相似之处,但也有很多不同,甚至与某些高校的体育社团还存在着很大的差距。

其主要的原因还是因为客观物质条件的差别,影响着体育社团的发展。

因此,可从中找到其发展的存在的问题,并根据实际情况分析并解决问题,加大物质投入,从而才能促进社团的有序发展。

又可根据自身存在的优势,为学校体育社团增添些新的元素,为体育社团的发展创新提供了可能。

高校体育社团是在高校中,由广大的学生依照共同兴趣、爱好的体育活动,自发组成的业余学生组织。

是学生进行自我管理、自我学习、自我服务、共同交流的一个平台。

高校体育社团是高校社团的一个重要组成部分。

它与很多其他类的社团共同构成了高校里一个整合的联合社团。

高校体育社团自20世纪80年代以来,就以鲜明的地开放性、自主性及多样性等特点为主。

迅速成为大学校园里具有朝气、充满活力的学生组织;作为联系学校与学生的桥梁以及高校重要的课外教育资源,学生社团开展的丰富多彩、健康向上的各种有益活动,在推动校园文化建设、优化成才环境、提高大学生综合素质等方面发挥了非常重要的作用。

进入21世纪以后,随着我国高等教育改革的地逐步深入以及当代大学生生活、学习方式的变革,大学生社团日益成为高校学生中具有较强影响力和凝聚力的学生组织。

大学校园体育社团是随着我国社会进步,国民经济的快速发展,尤其是在1995年10月1日和6月20日颁布并实施的《中华人民共和国体育法》和《全民健身计划纲要》两部体育法规的进一步贯彻落实,并随着我国市场经济体制的日益完善和国民体育意识的加强而逐步建立和壮大起来的;是新时期学校体育发展的产物,具有新时代高校体育教育的特色。

大多同行专家认为,“体育社团的迅速发展是学校体育观念革新的结果,是学校体育发展的重要组成部分”[2]。

2 研究对象与方法2.1 研究对象凯里学院社团联合会各个体育社团的成员及指导老师为主要调查研究对象。

2.2研究方法2.2.1 文献资料法通过参阅其他高校体育社团的发展现状,为本课题的研究探讨提供文献资料和理论依据。

2.2.2 访谈法通过与本校和体育社团有关的老师和负责人及其部分成员进行面谈,了解当前体育社团发展的现状及特点,提出了自己的建议和看法。

2.2.3 问卷调查法向在校学生和社团成员共发放问卷300份,回收有效问卷286份,有效回收率95%。

3 讨论结果与分析3.1 凯里学院学生社团的开设与发展从20世纪以来,学生社团一直是我国各高校学生们课余文化活动的一种重要组织形式[3]。

学生社团作为高校文化的重要载体,是高校第二课堂不可缺少的重要组成部分,它与学生会共同构成共青团工作的两翼[4]。

凯里学院学生社团在校团委的指导下,我校学生社团发展迅速,已经成为活跃校园文化的主要力量,是广大同学培养积极向上的兴趣爱好、提高动手实践能力、交际和组织管理能力和创新精神的重要平台,是学校实施素质拓展计划的良好载体和学校精神文明建设的重要组成部分。

目前全校拥有社团38个,社团人数2600多人,形成了涵盖公益服务、社会实践、学术研究、文艺、体育等多领域协同进步的发展格局。

社团活动内容丰富多彩、形式新颖、特色鲜明,充分彰显了黔东南州原生态民族文化特色。

为促进社团发展,丰富校园文化生活,学校每年上半年举行“校园文化活动月暨科技文化艺术节”,下半年举办“原生态民族文化活动月暨社团活动月”,以此来充分展示社团风采,为社团提供了交流学习提高的平台。

近些年,我校社团成绩显著,优秀社团不断涌现,2010年我校艺术团连续两次获得省级十佳社团称号;我校资源与环境保护协会20年获得省十佳社团称号,2011年获得全国十佳优秀社团称号。

2012年6月1日下午,由凯里学院校团委主办,凯里学院大学生社团联合会承办的第一届社团负责人交流会在凯里学院大学生活动中心举行。

校团委副书记姚平伟老师、校团委办公室副主任潘琛老师、凯里学院大学生社团联合会全体成员及全校38个社团负责人出席了交流会,会议由社联主席王继坤主持。

会上,校团委副书记姚平伟老师作了重要发言。

他强调,此次交流会为了进一步加强社团间的交流与合作,激发社员的青春活力与集体精神,增进各社团之间的了解,增强社团的凝聚力,共同促进社团的发展,为学校迎评工作贡献自己的力量。

接着,校团委办公室副主任潘琛老师也作了发言。

他说,社团一年的工作接近尾声,在校团委和各社团指导老师的大力支持和帮助下,社团工作取得了可喜的成绩,希望各社团能借此交流会相互学习、相互提高,促进社团的发展。

随后,凯里学院大学生社团联合会主席王继坤对目前各社团的情况做了介绍并组织各社团针对社团工作和学习存在的问题进行交流发言,如社员间缺乏交流、兴趣转移、积极性降低、社员流失、各社团间交流少等等。

面对这些问题,大家都积极讨论解决办法,如注重管理创新、各社团间可以联合活动,进行一些有特色的活动、老社员带动新社员、社团负责人做好桥梁沟通以促进社员交流、以灵活的活动方式吸引社员、提供更多舞台供社员展现自我等等。

各社团负责人轮流发言,讲述自己管理社团的经验与方法,使交流会气氛显得格外和谐融洽。

通过召开本次交流会,使各社团之间得到了相互学习、共同进步的好机会,增强了社团的凝聚力,促进各社团的共同发展与繁荣。

3.2 凯里学院体育社团的发展凯里学院体育社团是凯里学院大学生社团中新兴发展起来的。

也是各个社团类型中发展最为迅速,人数最多的社团。

所有的体育社团都是在2009年以后申请建立起来的。

在短短的几年时间里发展成为凯里学院除了人文类以外第二大类型的学生社团。

体育社团虽然发展的时间不长,但其发展的速度最快,发展会员的人数也是最多的,学生参加的兴趣也是最为浓郁的。

近几年来,因为体育社团的迅速发展。

从而学校的课外校园文化活动也变得更加的丰富多彩,让学校增添了了更多的欢声笑语。

让更多的大学生加入到锻炼身体的地体育活动中来,使得学校的校园气氛变得更加的活跃起来。

不仅能够增强学生的体质,培养学生的自信心,而且还能从中学到很多自主管理组织和参加活动的能力,为以后在社会上工作打下良好的基础。

还能够将体育精神传播下去,为全民健身活动做出相应的贡献。

3.3 凯里学院体育社团发展的现状及对策研究3.3.1 凯里学院体育社团发展现状(1)凯里学院体育社团发展特点及规律凯里学院体育社团主要有篮球协会、排球协会、足球协会、乒乓球协会、羽毛球协会、武术协会、双节棍协会、将身部落、自行车协会、金谷园棋社等十个协会,占了凯里学院所有协会的四分之一。

体育社团同其它所有社团一样,都是由校团委、大学生联合会领导的学生团体,是大学生生社团联合会中最为活跃的一部分。

大多在校团委的领导、体育学院协助下,由体育学院与其社团有相关联系的老师来指导,和学校众多热爱体育健身娱乐的学生组成健身娱乐类的学生团体。

各个体育社团都是有其组织管理模式,有着统一的领导负责人。

各个社团的管理部门在社团联合会的管理模式下基本都是相同的。

基本上每个社团都是设有一个会长(社长),两个或几个副会长,及会长助理。

下设有组织部、生活部、宣传部、财务部、外联部、文艺部、办公室等等。

其也都分别都是设有部长,副部长,及该部的理事会成员构成了社团的领导管理集体共同管理社团。

与众多会员一起相互合作,共同交流,自主的管理发展好社团。

凯里学院体育社团同大多数高校体育社团一样是分为内部管理和外部管理。

外部管理是由上级管理部门管理,如校团委、高校大学生社团联合会统一监督和管理。

内部管理是由社团的会长(社长)、副会长及各个部门的部长及理事共同管理。

在两种管理模式的共同作用下能够使社团能够得到更好的发展。

根据问卷调查发现,凯里学院体育社团人员的构成主要是以大一大二学生为主。

其中大一的占72.5%,大二的占18.7%,大三的占6.6%,大四的占2.2%。

体育社团以大一、大二为主,其主要原因是因为学生刚入校的时候,受到了校园文化的吸引和感染,加上各社团在新生入学时候的积极宣传和学生对新鲜事物的好奇,从而使得学生希望尽快融入到大学生活中去而积极加入到了各个社团中去,其中体育社团无疑是最吸引学生的一类社团。

加入体育社团能够不仅能够丰富课后校园文化生活,而且还得到学习和锻炼身体的有机结合。

大多数学生加入体育社团的主要目的主要有:(一)锻炼身体,增强体质;(二)体育社团中的体育活动本身具备的娱乐性,缓解学生学习的压力;(三)可通在体育社团中的学习交流认识更多的朋友和提高自己的运动技术水平。

(2)凯里学院体育社团活动开展的次数和方式体育社团发展的地情况主要是社团的人数的多少和体育社团体育活动开展次数和方式。

体育社团体育活动开展的次数和方式也是衡量一个社团发展是否成熟的重要标志。

根据调查发现,凯里学院体育社团体育活动的开展也是很稳定的,基本上是一至三次。

其中球类运动和娱乐运动开展的次数最多,基本在周末都有开展。

而棋类和户外运动开展的就比较少了,有时几个星期才开展一次。

表各体育社团的活动情况体育社团平均活动次数/周篮球协会 2.5排球协会 1.5羽毛球协会 2双节棍协会 3乒乓球协会 1健身部落 2.5武术协会 2自行车协会 1体育社团活动开展的方式主要有以下几种:一是社团内部定期开展的活动,是社团开展身体素质训练、运动技术学习、和内部体育活动比赛等主要方式。

如,篮球协会在周末开展的定期活动。

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