论文正文1

Introduction 400

1．Public signs

1．1 definition of public signs

1．2 classification of public signs

1．3 characteristics of public signs 500

2．公示语翻译中的归化和异化理论和方法

2．a brief introduction of foreignization and domestication and methods employed in foreignization and domestication

2．1 foreignization

2．2 domestication

2．3 translation strategies of public signs 1200

2．3．1 four specific translation methods often employed in foreignization

2．3．2 four specific translation methods often employed in domestication 3．foreignization and domestication in the course of translating public signs 1200

3．1 actual use of domestication among the current accepted translation of public signs from Chinese to English

3．2 actual use of foreignization among the current accepted translation of public signs from Chinese to English

4．error analysis and some suggestions

4．1 several typical errors 1200

4．2 some feasible suggestions

Conclusion 400

1．Public signs

Public sings is a kind of special style, which usually refer to the public bulletins, instructions, and warning notices. Public signs are most widely used in public facilities, public institution, zone name, scenic spots, important military police, manufacturing base and so on..

1．1 definition of public signs

The so-called public signs refer to the language used in public places. Public signs are used extensively in many fields, including business promotion, signs of public facilities, administrative

division, transportation, shopping, sightseeing, organization names etc.

1．2 classification of public signs

Classifying public signs facilitate us to find out the universality of the same kind of public signs, and to grasp the universal law of writing and translation of public signs. Public signs can be classified in many ways, this paper tend to classify public signs according to their functions into four categories: indicating public signs; prompting public signs; restricting public signs and compelling public signs，because this four functions cover the majority of public signs.

1．3 characteristics of public signs

Public signs are supposed to have the characteristics of simplic ity, conventionality, and purpose for the function of giving a sign to public. The words of language used for public signs should be concise, accurate, normative, practical, and courteous. Extensive use of content words, key words, phrases and abbreviations, words and logo combination constitutes a unique language style of public signs. Public signs generally use the terms commonly used to avoid the use of uncommon words, such as the old saying, and slang.

First, simplicity means that whether words or sentences must be concise, and strive to obtain the best practical effect of making people understand that the most accurate and direct information in the shortest time to the most concise form. For instance,单行道One Way, 外币兑换Foreign Exchange, 施工现场，严禁入内等Construction Site Keep Out. In addition，abbreviation is often used in public signs for example 贵宾会员VIP, 停车场P, 餐饮F＆B and so on..

Second, by conventionality is meant the rules in the course of public signs translation, that is to say, some public signs‟ translations that have been the convention, can not be changed at will, or will cause ambiguity. For instance 中山路Zhongshan Road, 禁止转弯No Turn, 结算Check Out etc. all of these expressions are concise and conform to the convention in full compliance with the Anglo-American language habits.

Third, purpose here refers to that the information conveyed by public signs should be understood and let them act. English public signs should meet the social, behavioral, and psychological need of foreigners. If an English public can accurately give a sign to foreign friends, it can be called a good English public sign. For instance 右侧行驶Keep Right, 禁止停车No Parking, and so on.

2．foreignization and domestication and translation strategies and methods of public signs

Domestication designates the type of translation in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers; while foreignization means a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. In the contemporary international translation field, Eugene Nida is regarded as the representative of those who favor domesticating translation, whereas the Italian scholar Lawrence Venuti is regarded to be the spokesman for those who favour foreignizing translation. Domestication and foreignization, however, are concerned with the two cultures, the former meaning replacing the source culture with the target culture and the latter preserving the differences of the source culture. Only when there are differences in both linguistic presentation and cultural connotation, domestication and foreignization exist.

2．1 foreignization