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全国英语等级考试一级(pets1级)历年真题试卷(一)

全国英语等级考试一级(pets1级)历年真题试卷(一)

全国英语等级考试一级(pets1级)历年真题试卷(一)26 [单选题](江南博哥) Jerry __________ his wife that he would be late for dinner·A.askedB.toldC.said正确答案:B参考解析:句意:杰瑞告诉妻子会晚点回来吃饭。

本题考查的是动词的词义辨析和对句意的理解。

ask表示提出问题;said是say的过去式,意思是“说”;told是tell的过去式,在句子中表示“告诉”。

故B正确。

【知识拓展】表示“说”的动词在英语中常用的有:say,tell,talk,speak。

say后面一般接的是具体说的内容。

tell后面一般接的是人,用法为:tell sb.sth.。

speak后面一般接的是某种语言,比如speak Chinese。

27 [单选题] My father left his hometown for Oxford at the__________of l7.A.timeB.yearC.age正确答案:C参考解析:句意:我的父亲在他十七岁的时候就离开家乡去了牛津。

本题考查的是近义名词的辨析和句意理解。

time是个抽象的表示时间的词;year的意思是“年”;age表示的是岁数。

故C正确。

【知识拓展】time除了可以表示时间,还可以表示次数,多用在倍数的表达中,比如:The new library is three times as large as the old one.(新图书馆是|日的三倍大。

)age组成的词组at the age of意为:在…岁的时候。

表示时间的词还有:秒second,分minute,天day,月month,世纪century 等。

28 [单选题] I have no time to do exercises。

I’m very busy with my work.A.becauseB.untilC.though正确答案:A参考解析:句意:由于忙于工作,我没有时间做运动。

山东省烟台市中考语文真题含答案 (一)

山东省烟台市中考语文真题含答案 (一)

山东省烟台市中考语文真题含答案 (一)山东省烟台市中考语文真题含答案烟台市作为山东省的一个重要城市,其中考语文真题一直备受考生关注。

近年来,烟台市中考语文真题的难度不断加大,考察的内容也更加多样化。

在这里,我们将为大家汇总一些历年来烟台市中考语文真题及其答案。

一、 2019年真题1. 以下诗句表达中哪一个词错了?① 大江东去,浪淘尽千古风流人物② 万里悲秋常作客,百年多病独登台③ 人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺A. 表达B. 千古C. 常D. 病答案:C2. 观察下面句子的标点符号,指出加错的一项。

“放肆!你怎么能随便批评我的朋友,我一点不同意……”A. !B. ?C. ,D. 。

答案:B3. 文章的标题是作者希望读者A. 预感到紧张的情境。

B. 知道这篇文章讲的是什么问题C. 能找到自己的方向D. 能抓住文章的主题。

答案:D二、 2018年真题1. 下列句子在句子长短、结构等方面,相互之间变化最小的一项是?A. 友谊地久天长,情谊如山。

B. 一片石头,一缕阳光。

C. 一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。

D. 梅花半吐半含羞,底下,掌声不断。

答案:D2. 小未正在家里书房里上网,床上的草莓装饰枕套企图勾引他偷懒,下列说法正确的是()。

A. 小未应该和草莓装饰枕套说句话,使自己清醒一下B. 小未应该把草莓装饰枕套扔掉C. 如果放不下草莓装饰枕套,小未可以选择关机,转移注意力。

D. 小未没有转移注意力的必要,因为草莓装饰枕套不会迫使他偷懒。

答案:C三、 2017年真题1. “胶“、“浆”写成了“胶浆”,主要依据是()。

A. 意义相像B. 用法相似C. 音节相同D. 造词原则,简明化答案:A2. 下列说法错误的是()。

A. 以显示起点位置为主的图表变化有直线图、柱形图等。

B. 描述随着时间、地点,某一变量的变化过程。

C. 条形图与柱形图不太一样。

D. 直线图、柱形图和饼形图都不适合显示变量间的因果关系。

答案:D四、 2016年真题1. 下列字词中,注音有误的是A. 议程B. 机敏C. 栖身D. 英辞答案:B2. 以下哪种表述方法不利于文章的阅读和理解?()A. 空行分段B. 缩进分段C. 横线分段D. 小标题分段答案:C以上为部分的烟台市中考语文真题及答案。

基金从业科目一历年真题一

基金从业科目一历年真题一

一、选择题(单选):1.关于基金职业道德修养,以下表述错误的是()。

A.修养是指一个人的素质经过长期的学习、锻炼或改造所达到的一定结果和水平B.提高基金从业人员职业道德修养的关键在于自律组织的督促和指导C.基金从业人员职业道德的提高,一方面靠社会和组织的培养、教育,另一方面靠自我修养,两者缺一不可D.基金从业人员应将基金职业道德外在的执业行为规范内化为内在的职业道德情感、认知和信念答案:B答案解析:职业道德修养是一种自律行为,关键在于“自我”的意愿和努力。

故B选项错误。

2.私募基金管理人通过契约形式募集设立私募基金,以下表述错误的是()。

A.应当制定有限合伙协议B.基金管理人应当制定私募基金合同C.基金合同名称应当有“私募基金”、“私募投资基金”字样D.私募基金进行托管的,基金管理人、托管人和投资者应当共同签订基金合同答案:A答案解析:私募基金管理人通过契约形式募集设立私募基金为契约型基金,依据基金合同营运基金。

3.关于普通投资者与专业投资者的转化,以下表述错误的是()。

A.普通投资者在营业网点申请成为专业投资者,应进行录音或录像基金管理人有权否定将普通投资者转化为专业投资者B.普通投资者和专业投资者在分别满足一定条件下可以相互转化C.普通投资者转化为专业投资者,应以书面形式提起申请答案:B答案解析:符合条件的普通投资者可以申请转化成为专业投资者,【基金销售机构】有权自主决定是否同意其转化。

4.关于开放式基金与封闭式基金的基金净值披露要求,以下表述错误的是()。

A.开放式基金在开放申购与赎回之后净值披露的频率要求与封闭式基金不同,但净值披露内容要求是相同的B.开放式基金在开放申购与赎回之后的净值披露频率要求高于封闭式基金C.开放式基金在开放申购与赎回前的基金净值披露要求与封闭式基金是相同的D.封闭式基金可以采用与开放式基金相同的频率披露基金净值答案:A答案解析:封闭式基金和开放式基金在披露净值公告的频率上有所不同。

真题全解:2024年司法考试卷一及答案

真题全解:2024年司法考试卷一及答案

真题全解:2024年司法考试卷一及答案真题一:选择题问题法律依据是人民法院进行司法审查和裁判的根据。

下列关于法律依据的表述哪项是正确的?A. 法律依据必须是由全国人大及其常委会制定的B. 法律依据必须是由立法机关制定的C. 法律依据包括法律、法规、规章、司法解释等D. 法律依据仅限于法律答案C解析法律依据包括法律、法规、规章、司法解释等,不仅限于法律,因此选项C是正确的。

真题二:简答题问题请简述行政诉讼案件的管辖。

答案行政诉讼案件的管辖包括级别管辖、地域管辖和专门管辖。

1. 级别管辖:基层人民法院管辖第一审行政案件;中级人民法院管辖对国务院部门或者县级以上地方人民政府所作的行政行为提起诉讼的案件、海关处理的案件、本辖区内重大、复杂的案件、其他法律规定由中级人民法院管辖的案件;高级人民法院管辖本辖区内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件;最高人民法院管辖全国范围内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。

2. 地域管辖:行政案件由最初作出行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管辖。

经复议的案件,也可以由复议机关所在地人民法院管辖。

3. 专门管辖:专门人民法院不设行政审判庭,不审理行政案件。

解析行政诉讼案件的管辖是司法审查中的重要内容,对行政案件的管辖有明确的规定,包括级别管辖、地域管辖和专门管辖。

真题三:案例分析题问题甲市乙县丙镇居民张某,因邻居李某家的狗经常随意大小便,多次与李某发生纠纷。

后张某将李某诉至乙县人民法院,要求李某赔偿清理费用500元。

乙县人民法院受理此案后,李某以县环保局曾对其罚款为由提出抗辩,县人民法院遂将该案移送至县环保局处理。

问:县人民法院是否正确?为什么?答案县人民法院不正确。

因为根据行政诉讼法的规定,行政案件由最初作出行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管辖,经复议的案件,也可以由复议机关所在地人民法院管辖。

县人民法院并非李某所在地的行政机关,故无权管辖该案。

解析此题考查了行政诉讼案件的管辖问题。

根据行政诉讼法的规定,行政案件应由最初作出行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管辖,经复议的案件,也可以由复议机关所在地人民法院管辖。

压力管道设计与审批人员考试题电子版真题1

压力管道设计与审批人员考试题电子版真题1

真题一选择题(共64道题,本题共48.0分。

下列各题选项中,每题的答案中有一个或几个正确,少选按比例得分,多选不得分。

)1.根据《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》,特种设备发生特别重大事故后,()A2.依据《中华人民共和国安全生产法》的规定,生产经营单位新建、改建、扩建工程项目的安全设施,必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用()。

C3.下列哪种管道定义为压力管道()。

A4.根据《安全阀安全技术监察规程》(TSG ZF001)的规定,封闭安全阀阀座的密封面,对安全阀进口侧体腔进行耐压(液压强度)试验,最小试验压力为()的1.5倍。

B5.按照现行国家标准《管道支吊架》(GB/T 17116)的规定,管道垂直位移可以忽略不计或限制管道垂直位移不会对连接设备和管道产生有害荷载时,对于从下部支承的管线可采用刚性()或横梁结构。

D6.现行国家标准《爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范》GB 50058的规定,阀门危险区域的划分中,位于通风良好而未封闭的区域内的截断阀和()周围的区域可不分类。

C7.按照现行国家标准《管道支吊架》(GB/T 17116)的规定,在管道支吊架设计时,应计入管道输送介质的重力,若管道输送介质较轻,则计入()时的介质策略荷载。

BC8.指出下图的管架形式;D 管道支吊架9.指出下图的管架形式;C管道支吊架10.GB/T 8923.1-2011《涂覆涂料前钢材表面处理表面清洁度的目视评定第1部分:未涂覆过的钢材表面和全面清除原有涂层后的钢材表面的锈蚀等级和处理等级》规定的()级钢材表面锈蚀等级,是指:已发生锈蚀,并且氧化皮已开始剥落的钢材表面。

B11.按照现行国家标准《设备及管道绝热技术通则》(GB/T 4272)的规定,要求防潮层材料(),防水、防潮能力强。

A12.按照国家现行标准《承压设备无损检测》(NB/T 47013)的规定,除非另有规定,射线检测应在焊后进行。

对有延迟裂纹倾向的材料,至少应在焊接完成后()进行射线检测。

2020司法考试卷一,真题及其答案

2020司法考试卷一,真题及其答案

2020司法考试卷一,真题及其答案一、选择题1. 关于法律规则的分类,下列哪一选项是正确的?A. 授权性规则和义务性规则B. 确定性规则、委任性规则和准用性规则C. 任意性规则和强行性规则D. 综合性规则和单一性规则答案:B2. 下列哪一选项属于法律原则?A. 法律规则的具体内容B. 法律规则的推论依据C. 法律规则的制定依据D. 法律规则的灵活运用答案:B3. 下列关于法律解释的哪一选项是正确的?A. 法律解释仅限于法律条文的含义B. 法律解释仅限于法律实施过程中C. 法律解释与法律适用相互独立D. 法律解释应当遵循合法性、合理性和合目的性原则答案:D4. 下列关于司法审查的哪一选项是正确的?A. 司法审查仅限于对行政行为的合法性审查B. 司法审查仅限于对行政行为的合理性审查C. 司法审查不受行政诉讼管辖范围的限制D. 司法审查应当以法律规范为依据答案:A5. 下列关于合同法的哪一选项是正确的?A. 合同的成立以意思表示一致为要件B. 合同的生效以双方当事人具有行为能力为要件C. 合同的履行以合同标的的实际交付为要件D. 合同的解除以一方当事人严重违约为要件答案:A二、简答题1. 请简述法律规则与法律原则的区别。

答案:法律规则与法律原则的区别主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)概念内涵不同:法律规则是具体规定法律关系、法律义务和法律责任的规范,而法律原则是指导法律制定和适用的基本观念和价值取向。

(2)适用范围不同:法律规则具有明确性和具体性,适用于特定的法律事实;法律原则具有抽象性和普遍性,适用于广泛的法律事实。

(3)作用机制不同:法律规则通过具体规定法律关系、法律义务和法律责任来实现法律目的;法律原则通过指导法律制定和适用来保障法律目的的实现。

(4)形成过程不同:法律规则的形成通常经过立法程序,具有较高的明确性和稳定性;法律原则的形成则涉及立法、司法和执法等多个领域,具有较大的灵活性。

2. 请简述法律解释的合法性原则。

历年考研英语一真题及答案解析

历年考研英语一真题及答案解析

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions w ill be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by makin g themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1.[A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]mod ify [D] recognize2.[A]when [B]lest[C]before [D] unless3.[A]restored [B]weakened [C]esta blished [D] eliminated4.[A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected[D] accepted5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C ]bound [D]founded6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7.[A]resorts [B]sticks[C]loads [D]applies8.[A]evade [B]raise[C]deny [D]settle9.[A]line [B]barrier[C]similarity [D]conflict10.[A]by [B]as[C]though [D]towards[A]so [B]since[C]provided [D]though12.[A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13.[A]confirm [B]express [C ]cultivate [D]offer14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]stud ied [D]tied15.[A]concepts [B]theories [C ]divisions [D]conceptions16.[A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed [B]released [C]ra nked [D]distorted18.[A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19.[A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable[D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in aword [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who br eaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. Thetactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when itannounced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power pla nt running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really in tended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Ver mont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Withinthe complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim –a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions ke ep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.Politicians have r epeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to createsuperfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest forcommonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinia n evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出,这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下,法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象,所以应该选C,maintain“维持,保持”,其他显然语义不通。

合规师真题库1

合规师真题库1

合规师真题一一、单选题(60题,每题1分,共60分)1.根据广义的合规定义,企业合规的外延层次不包括:A.合规则,即符合强制性合规要求B.合规约,即遵守合规承诺:C.合规定,即建立法律法规管理系统D.合规律,即企业审时度势,自愿采取的最佳实践2、企业设置合规目标,是指:A.设立企业合规目标B.B.设立各部门台规目标C.设立企业合规管理体系的目标D.设立企业各部门、各层级的合规目标3、企业合规管理体系策划实务中,不属于要考虑的因素是:A.企业发展战略B.企业经营业绩C.企业现有管理组织体系D.企业现有管控体系4、以下对合规管理体系策划理解错误的是:A.要考虑合规管理体系的独立性B.进行台规管理体系策划时,要结合企业目前的管理体系建设情况C.合规管理体系策划是建立在企业剩余合规风险评估结果基础上的D.企业合规管理体系策划要充分考虑满足企业适用的合规义务要求5.以下对企业合规义务的理解正确的是:A.A和B两家餐饮公司,他们确定公司经营所要遵守的台规义务清单是一致的B.A公司的“十四五”发展战略规划进行了重大调整,其公司适用的合规义务清单需要相应调整C.一家公司在不同的两个时期,其适用的合规义务清单是基本一致的D.企业适用的合规义务主要是由外部决定的6、以下对合规义务管理要求描述错误的是:A.企业应系统性地识别其活动、产品和服务所对应的合规义务,并评估它们对组织运营的影响B.企业应建立工作流程,对台规义务进行动态管理C.企业合规义务必须包括企业制定的内部规章制度D.企业应将其合规义务持续形成文件信息7、以下不属于企业合规义务的是:A. 国家法律法规B.国家强制标准C.技术标准D.工作方法8、以下对企业合规风险的理解正确的是:A.合规风险是指因不符合组织合规义务而发生不合规的可能性及其后果B.合规风险是指对合规目标影响的不确定性C.合规风险是指对合规目标实现的影响不确定性及其结果D.合规风险是指不确定性对业务合规的影响9、合规风险的存在是一个相对概念,它是比照"--------”是否履行的不确定性而产生的“合规风险”。

天津市《行政职业能力测验》真题一(含答案)

天津市《行政职业能力测验》真题一(含答案)

某直辖市录用公务员考试《行政职业能力测验》试题(卷一)说 明这项测验共有五个部分,160道题,总时限为90分钟。

第一部分单独计时。

其他各部分不分别计时,但都给出了参考时限,供你参考以分配时间。

请在机读答题卡上严格按照要求填写好自己的姓名、报考部门,涂写准考证号。

请仔细阅读下面的注意事项,这对你获得成功非常重要:1.题目应在答题卡上作答,不要在题本上作任何记号。

2.监考人员宣布考试开始时,你才可以开始答题。

3.监考人员宣布考试结束时,你应立即放下铅笔,将试题本、答题卡和草稿纸都留在桌上,然后离开。

如果你违反了以上任何一项要求,都将影响你的成绩。

4.在这项测验中,可能有一些试题较难,因此你不要在一道题上思考时间太久,遇到不会答的题目可先跳过去,如果有时间再去思考。

否则,你可能没有时间完成后面的题目。

5.试题答错不倒扣分。

6.特别提醒你注意,涂写答案时一定要认准题号。

严禁折叠答题卡!第一部分 知觉速度与准确性(共60题,参考时限10分钟)这部分试题单独计时,到时间监考人员将立即收回题本,但阅读下面说明的时间不算在10分钟之内。

一、同符查找:以下每一道题都呈现出两组或三组符号,要求考生从中找出相同符号的个数,这个个数对应的字母序号就是正确答案。

如果没有相同的符号,答案就是零。

【例题】 25486A 9718432MBA. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3【解答】 正确答案为D。

做这类试题时,可先找出字符数目较少的一组,以这组字符为基础,从左到右逐个字符进行比较即可。

请开始答题:1.2580 53810694 38276A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 32.X2¥NM 732VW 夫XMNA. 0B. 1C. 2D. 33.653 29581073 643705812A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 44.582Q6P 3b7RFP98 8POF9A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 35.RABCQNYZ VMCAWBQ ABCQSTUA. 1B. 2C. 3D. 46.会分字客学 字客所额尝分A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 47.63#吾%*KF井 53%#CEID语KA. 1B. 2C. 3D. 48.90547 24136708A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 39.NPJQ bWMDOA. 0B. 1C. 2D. 310. 入无大矢 失小无天夭 人夫夭矢A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 311. 沈敛欣宫浩奇赵一 杨建利郭晨光梁晓雁赵振兴A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 312. ADEGPQ RTUXZTYA. 0B. 1C. 2D. 313. 天行键君子以自强不息 地势坤君子以厚德载物A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 314. $¥△497B 86▽□ABCαA. 0B. 1C. 2D. 315. &θσβμτ αγTWZμVXVA. 0B. 1C. 2D. 316. -_-|^。

事业单位考试真题一

事业单位考试真题一

事业单位《公共基础知识》全真模拟卷(五)与参考答案及解析一、单项选择题(下列各题中只有一个正确的答案,请将它的代码选出填涂在答题卡上。

每小题1分,共30分。

)1.民“主和少数服从多数的原则不是一个东西。

民主就是承认少数服从多数的国家。

”这句话应该理解为( )。

A.民主是一种国家制度B.民主是国体不是政体C.民主手段不是目的D. 国家的实质是少数服从多数2.中国特色社会主义文化建设最首要、最根本的任务是 ( )。

A.培育和弘扬民族精神B.培育有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民C.提高整个中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质D.发展社会主义先进文化3.将目前低水平的、不全面的、发展很不平衡的小康社会,发展成为更高水平、内容比较全面丰富、发展较为均衡的小康社会,它包括经济、政治、文化和生态等多方面的内容。

这是我国( )。

A.社会主义初级阶段社会经济发展的战略目标B.全面建设小康社会的目标C.21 世纪头 10 年的战略目标D.21 世纪中叶的战略目标4.尽“职而不越位、帮忙而不添乱、切实而不表面”,协“商不代替、监督不对立,为了大目标、同唱一台戏。

”概括了政协的主要职能是( )。

A.维护国家主权和政治统一B.维护祖国的统一C.领导统一战线D.政治协商、民主监督和参政议政5.我国提出“三步走”战略,全面建设小康社会,都是以发展经济为中心。

发展经济的根本目的是( )。

A.解放和发展生产力B.体现社会主义优越性C.消灭剥削,消除两极分化D.实现共同富裕,提高全国人民的生活水平和质量6.从十一届三中全会到20 世纪 80 年代中期,在邓小平的领导下,中国共产党和中国政府创造性地发展了以毛泽东为代表的党的第一代领导集体的设想,提出并全面阐述了“一国两制”的战略构想,其核心目的是 ( )。

A.社会主义制度战胜资本主义制度B.维护港、澳、台现有的资本主义制度始终不变C.实现祖国统一D.充分利用资本主义制度现有的优越性,为我所用7.胡锦涛指出,马克思主义政党执政成功的前提条件是 ( )。

考研数学(一)历年真题(1990-2021)无水印

考研数学(一)历年真题(1990-2021)无水印

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)2x t =-+(1)过点(1,21)M -且与直线34y t =-垂直的平面方程是_____________.1z t =-(2)设a 为非零常数,则lim(xx x a x a→∞+-=_____________.(3)设函数()f x =1011x x ≤>,则[()]f f x =_____________.(4)积分222e y xdx dy -⎰⎰的值等于_____________.(5)已知向量组1234(1,2,3,4),(2,3,4,5),(3,4,5,6),(4,5,6,7),====αααα则该向量组的秩是_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)设()f x 是连续函数,且e ()(),xxF x f t dt -=⎰则()F x '等于(A)e (e )()xx f f x ----(B)e (e )()xx f f x ---+(C)e(e )()x x f f x ---(D)e(e )()xx f f x --+(2)已知函数()f x 具有任意阶导数,且2()[()],f x f x '=则当n 为大于2的正整数时,()f x 的n 阶导数()()n f x 是(A)1![()]n n f x +(B)1[()]n n f x +(C)2[()]nf x (D)2![()]nn f x (3)设a 为常数,则级数21sin()[n na n ∞=∑(A)绝对收敛(B)条件收敛(C)发散(D)收敛性与a 的取值有关(4)已知()f x 在0x =的某个邻域内连续,且0()(0)0,lim2,1cos x f x f x→==-则在点0x =处()f x(A)不可导(B)可导,且(0)0f '≠(C)取得极大值(D)取得极小值(5)已知1β、2β是非齐次线性方程组=AX b 的两个不同的解1,α、2α是对应其次线性方程组=AX 0的基础解析1,k 、2k 为任意常数,则方程组=AX b 的通解(一般解)必是(A)1211212()2k k -+++ββααα(B)1211212()2k k ++-+ββααα(C)1211212()2k k -+++ββαββ(D)1211212()2k k ++-+ββαββ三、(本题共3小题,每小题5分,满分15分)(1)求120ln(1).(2)x dx x +-⎰(2)设(2,sin ),z f x y y x =-其中(,)f u v 具有连续的二阶偏导数,求2.zx y∂∂∂(3)求微分方程244e xy y y -'''++=的通解(一般解).四、(本题满分6分)求幂级数(21)nn n x∞=+∑的收敛域,并求其和函数.五、(本题满分8分)求曲面积分2SI yzdzdx dxdy =+⎰⎰其中S 是球面2224x y z ++=外侧在0z ≥的部分.六、(本题满分7分)设不恒为常数的函数()f x 在闭区间[,]a b 上连续,在开区间(,)a b 内可导,且()().f a f b =证明在(,)a b 内至少存在一点,ξ使得()0.f ξ'>七、(本题满分6分)设四阶矩阵1100213401100213,0011002100010002-⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥==⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦B C 且矩阵A 满足关系式1()-''-=A E C B C E其中E 为四阶单位矩阵1,-C 表示C 的逆矩阵,'C 表示C 的转置矩阵.将上述关系式化简并求矩阵.A 八、(本题满分8分)求一个正交变换化二次型22212312132344448f x x x x x x x x x =++-+-成标准型.九、(本题满分8分)质点P 沿着以AB 为直径的半圆周,从点(1,2)A 运动到点(3,4)B 的过程中受变力F 作用(见图).F的大小等于点P 与原点O 之间的距离,其方向垂直于线段OP 且与y 轴正向的夹角小于.2π求变力F 对质点P 所作的功.十、填空题(本题共3小题,每小题2分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)已知随机变量X 的概率密度函数1()e ,2xf x x -=-∞<<+∞则X 的概率分布函数()F x =____________.(2)设随机事件A 、B 及其和事件的概率分别是0.4、0.3和0.6,若B 表示B 的对立事件,那么积事件AB 的概率()P AB =____________.(3)已知离散型随机变量X 服从参数为2的泊松()Poisson 分布,即22e {},0,1,2,,!k P X k k k -=== 则随机变量32Z X =-的数学期望()E Z =____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设二维随机变量(,)X Y 在区域:01,D x y x <<<内服从均匀分布,求关于X 的边缘概率密度函数及随机变量21Z X =+的方差().D Z1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)设21cos x t y t=+=,则22d y dx =_____________.(2)由方程xyz +=所确定的函数(,)z z x y =在点(1,0,1)-处的全微分dz =_____________.(3)已知两条直线的方程是1212321:;:.101211x y z x y zl l ---+-====-则过1l 且平行于2l 的平面方程是_____________.(4)已知当0x →时123,(1)1ax +-与cos 1x -是等价无穷小,则常数a =_____________.(5)设4阶方阵52002100,00120011⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎣⎦A 则A 的逆阵1-A =_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)曲线221e 1e x xy --+=-(A)没有渐近线(B)仅有水平渐近线(C)仅有铅直渐近线(D)既有水平渐近线又有铅直渐近线(2)若连续函数()f x 满足关系式20()()ln 2,2tf x f dt π=+⎰则()f x 等于(A)e ln 2x(B)2e ln 2x(C)e ln 2x +(D)2e ln 2x +(3)已知级数12111(1)2,5,n n n n n a a ∞∞--==-==∑∑则级数1n n a ∞=∑等于(A)3(B)7(C)8(D)9(4)设D 是平面xoy 上以(1,1)、(1,1)-和(1,1)--为顶点的三角形区域1,D 是D 在第一象限的部分,则(cos sin )Dxy x y dxdy +⎰⎰等于(A)12cos sin D x ydxdy⎰⎰(B)12D xydxdy⎰⎰(C)14(cos sin )D xy x y dxdy+⎰⎰(D)0(5)设n 阶方阵A 、B 、C 满足关系式,=ABC E 其中E 是n 阶单位阵,则必有(A)=ACB E (B)=CBA E (C)=BAC E(D)=BCA E三、(本题共3小题,每小题5分,满分15分)(1)求2lim .x π+→(2)设n是曲面222236x y z ++=在点(1,1,1)P 处的指向外侧的法向量,求函数u =在点P 处沿方向n 的方向导数.(3)22(),x y z dv Ω++⎰⎰⎰其中Ω是由曲线220y zx ==绕z 轴旋转一周而成的曲面与平面4z =所围城的立体.四、(本题满分6分)过点(0,0)O 和(,0)A π的曲线族sin (0)y a x a =>中,求一条曲线,L 使沿该曲线O 从到A 的积分3(1)(2)Ly dx x y dy +++⎰的值最小.五、(本题满分8分)将函数()2(11)f x x x =+-≤≤展开成以2为周期的傅里叶级数,并由此求级数211n n∞=∑的和.六、(本题满分7分)设函数()f x 在[0,1]上连续,(0,1)内可导,且1233()(0),f x dx f =⎰证明在(0,1)内存在一点,c 使()0.f c '=七、(本题满分8分)已知1234(1,0,2,3),(1,1,3,5),(1,1,2,1),(1,2,4,8)a a ===-+=+αααα及(1,1,3,5).b =+β(1)a 、b 为何值时,β不能表示成1234,,,αααα的线性组合?(2)a 、b 为何值时,β有1234,,,αααα的唯一的线性表示式?写出该表示式.八、(本题满分6分)设A 是n 阶正定阵,E 是n 阶单位阵,证明+A E 的行列式大于1.九、(本题满分8分)在上半平面求一条向上凹的曲线,其上任一点(,)P x y 处的曲率等于此曲线在该点的法线段PQ 长度的倒数(Q 是法线与x 轴的交点),且曲线在点(1,1)处的切线与x 轴平行.十、填空题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)若随机变量X 服从均值为2、方差为2σ的正态分布,且{24}0.3,P X <<=则{0}P X <=____________.(2)随机地向半圆0y a <<为正常数)内掷一点,点落在半圆内任何区域的概率与区域的面积成正比,则原点和该点的连线与x 轴的夹角小于4π的概率为____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设二维随机变量(,)X Y 的密度函数为(,)f x y =(2)2e 0,00 x y x y -+>>其它求随机变量2Z X Y =+的分布函数.1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)设函数()y y x =由方程e cos()0x yxy ++=确定,则dydx=_____________.(2)函数222ln()u x y z =++在点(1,2,2)M -处的梯度grad Mu=_____________.(3)设()f x =211x-+00x x ππ-<≤<≤,则其以2π为周期的傅里叶级数在点x π=处收敛于_____________.(4)微分方程tan cos y y x x '+=的通解为y =_____________.(5)设111212121212,n n n n n n a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A 其中0,0,(1,2,,).i ia b i n ≠≠= 则矩阵A 的秩()r A =_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)当1x →时,函数1211e 1x x x ---的极限(A)等于2(B)等于0(C)为∞(D)不存在但不为∞(2)级数1(1)(1cos nn a n ∞=--∑常数0)a >(A)发散(B)条件收敛(C)绝对收敛(D)收敛性与a 有关(3)在曲线23,,x t y t z t ==-=的所有切线中,与平面24x y z ++=平行的切线(A)只有1条(B)只有2条(C)至少有3条(D)不存在(4)设32()3,f x x x x =+则使()(0)n f 存在的最高阶数n 为(A)0(B)1(C)2(D)3(5)要使12100,121⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭ξξ都是线性方程组=AX 0的解,只要系数矩阵A 为(A)[]212-(B)201011-⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦(C)102011-⎡⎤⎢⎥-⎣⎦(D)011422011-⎡⎤⎢⎥--⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦三、(本题共3小题,每小题5分,满分15分)(1)求0x x →(2)设22(e sin ,),x z f y x y =+其中f 具有二阶连续偏导数,求2.z x y∂∂∂(3)设()f x =21ex x -+00x x ≤>,求31(2).f x dx -⎰四、(本题满分6分)求微分方程323e xy y y -'''+-=的通解.五、(本题满分8分)计算曲面积分323232()()(),x az dydz y ax dzdx z ay dxdy ∑+++++⎰⎰其中∑为上半球面z =的上侧.六、(本题满分7分)设()0,(0)0,f x f ''<=证明对任何120,0,x x >>有1212()()().f x x f x f x +<+七、(本题满分8分)在变力F yzi zxj xyk =++的作用下,质点由原点沿直线运动到椭球面2222221x y z a b c++=上第一卦限的点(,,),M ξηζ问当ξ、η、ζ取何值时,力F 所做的功W 最大?并求出W 的最大值.八、(本题满分7分)设向量组123,,ααα线性相关,向量组234,,ααα线性无关,问:(1)1α能否由23,αα线性表出?证明你的结论.(2)(2)4α能否由123,,ααα线性表出?证明你的结论.九、(本题满分7分)设3阶矩阵A 的特征值为1231,2,3,λλλ===对应的特征向量依次为1231111,2,3,149⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ξξξ又向量12.3⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭β(1)将β用123,,ξξξ线性表出.(2)求(nn A β为自然数).十、填空题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)已知11()()(),()0,()(),46P A P B P C P AB P AC P BC ======则事件A 、B 、C 全不发生的概率为____________.(2)设随机变量X 服从参数为1的指数分布,则数学期望2{e }XE X -+=____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设随机变量X 与Y 独立,X 服从正态分布2(,),N Y μσ服从[,]ππ-上的均匀分布,试求Z X Y =+的概率分布密度(计算结果用标准正态分布函数Φ表示,其中22()e)t xx dt --∞Φ=.1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)函数1()(2(0)xF x dt x =->⎰的单调减少区间为_____________.(2)由曲线223212x y z +==绕y 轴旋转一周得到的旋转面在点处的指向外侧的单位法向量为_____________.(3)设函数2()()f x x x x πππ=+-<<的傅里叶级数展开式为01(cos sin ),2n n n a a nx b nx ∞=++∑则其中系数3b 的值为_____________.(4)设数量场u =则div(grad )u =_____________.(5)设n 阶矩阵A 的各行元素之和均为零,且A 的秩为1,n -则线性方程组=AX 0的通解为_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)设sin 2340()sin(),(),xf x t dtg x x x ==+⎰则当0x →时,()f x 是()g x 的(A)等价无穷小(B)同价但非等价的无穷小(C)高阶无穷小(D)低价无穷小(2)双纽线22222()x y x y +=-所围成的区域面积可用定积分表示为(A)402cos 2d πθθ⎰(B)404cos 2d πθθ⎰(C)2θ(D)2401(cos 2)2d πθθ⎰(3)设有直线1158:121x y z l --+==-与2:l 623x y y z -=+=则1l 与2l 的夹角为(A)6π(B)4π(C)3π(D)2π(4)设曲线积分[()e ]sin ()cos x Lf t ydx f x ydy --⎰与路径无关,其中()f x 具有一阶连续导数,且(0)0,f =则()f x 等于(A)e e 2x x --(B)e e 2x x --(C)e e 12x x -+-(D)e e 12x x-+-(5)已知12324,369t ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦Q P 为三阶非零矩阵,且满足0,=PQ 则(A)6t =时P 的秩必为1(B)6t =时P 的秩必为2(C)6t ≠时P 的秩必为1(D)6t ≠时P 的秩必为2三、(本题共3小题,每小题5分,满分15分)(1)求21lim(sincos ).x x x x →∞+(2)求.x dx (3)求微分方程22,x y xy y '+=满足初始条件11x y==的特解.四、(本题满分6分)计算22,xzdydz yzdzdx z dxdy ∑+-⎰⎰ 其中∑是由曲面z =与z =所围立体的表面外侧.五、(本题满分7分)求级数20(1)(1)2n nn n n ∞=--+∑的和.六、(本题共2小题,每小题5分,满分10分)(1)设在[0,)+∞上函数()f x 有连续导数,且()0,(0)0,f x k f '≥><证明()f x 在(0,)+∞内有且仅有一个零点.(2)设,b a e >>证明.baa b >七、(本题满分8分)已知二次型22212312323(,,)2332(0)f x x x x x x ax x a =+++>通过正交变换化成标准形22212325,f y y y =++求参数a 及所用的正交变换矩阵.八、(本题满分6分)设A 是n m ⨯矩阵,B 是m n ⨯矩阵,其中,n m <I 是n 阶单位矩阵,若,=AB I 证明B 的列向量组线性无关.九、(本题满分6分)设物体A 从点(0,1)出发,以速度大小为常数v 沿y 轴正向运动.物体B 从点(1,0)-与A 同时出发,其速度大小为2,v 方向始终指向,A 试建立物体B 的运动轨迹所满足的微分方程,并写出初始条件.十、填空题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)一批产品共有10个正品和2个次品,任意抽取两次,每次抽一个,抽出后不再放回,则第二次抽出的是次品的概率为____________.(2)设随机变量X 服从(0,2)上的均匀分布,则随机变量2Y X =在(0,4)内的概率分布密度()Y f y =____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设随机变量X 的概率分布密度为1()e ,.2xf x x -=-∞<<+∞(1)求X 的数学期望EX 和方差.DX (2)求X 与X 的协方差,并问X 与X 是否不相关?(3)问X 与X 是否相互独立?为什么?1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)011lim cot ()sin x x xπ→-=_____________.(2)曲面e 23xz xy -+=在点(1,2,0)处的切平面方程为_____________.(3)设e sin ,xxu y-=则2u x y ∂∂∂在点1(2,π处的值为_____________.(4)设区域D 为222,x y R +≤则2222()Dx y dxdy a b +⎰⎰=_____________.(5)已知11[1,2,3],[1,,23==αβ设,'=A αβ其中'α是α的转置,则n A =_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)设4342342222222sin cos ,(sin cos ),(sin cos ),1x M xdx N x x dx P x x x dx x ππππππ---==+=-+⎰⎰⎰则有(A)N P M<<(B)M P N <<(C)N M P <<(D)P M N<<(2)二元函数(,)f x y 在点00(,)x y 处两个偏导数00(,)x f x y '、00(,)y f x y '存在是(,)f x y 在该点连续的(A)充分条件而非必要条件(B)必要条件而非充分条件(C)充分必要条件(D)既非充分条件又非必要条件(3)设常数0,λ>且级数21nn a ∞=∑收敛,则级数1(1)nn ∞=-∑(A)发散(B)条件收敛(C)绝对收敛(D)收敛性与λ有关(4)2tan (1cos )lim2,ln(12)(1)x x a x b x c x d e-→+-=-+-其中220,a c +≠则必有(A)4b d =(B)4b d =-(C)4a c=(D)4a c=-(5)已知向量组1234,,,αααα线性无关,则向量组(A)12233441,,,++++αααααααα线性无关(B)12233441,,,----αααααααα线性无关(C)12233441,,,+++-αααααααα线性无关(D)12233441,,,++--αααααααα线性无关三、(本题共3小题,每小题5分,满分15分)(1)设2221cos()cos()t x t y t t udu ==-⎰,求dy dx 、22d y dx在t =的值.(2)将函数111()ln arctan 412x f x x x x +=+--展开成x 的幂级数.(3)求.sin(2)2sin dxx x +⎰四、(本题满分6分)计算曲面积分2222S xdydz z dxdyx y z +++⎰⎰其中S 是由曲面222x y R +=及,(0)z R z R R ==->两平面所围成立体表面的外侧.五、(本题满分9分)设()f x 具有二阶连续函数,(0)0,(0)1,f f '==且2[()()][()]0xy x y f x y dx f x x y dy '+-++=为一全微分方程,求()f x 及此全微分方程的通解.六、(本题满分8分)设()f x 在点0x =的某一邻域内具有二阶连续导数,且0()lim0,x f x x→=证明级数11()n f n∞=∑绝对收敛.七、(本题满分6分)已知点A 与B 的直角坐标分别为(1,0,0)与(0,1,1).线段AB 绕x 轴旋转一周所成的旋转曲面为.S 求由S 及两平面0,1z z ==所围成的立体体积.八、(本题满分8分)设四元线性齐次方程组(Ⅰ)为122400x x x x +=-=,又已知某线性齐次方程组(Ⅱ)的通解为12(0,1,1,0)(1,2,2,1).k k +-(1)求线性方程组(Ⅰ)的基础解析.(2)问线性方程组(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)是否有非零公共解?若有,则求出所有的非零公共解.若没有,则说明理由.九、(本题满分6分)设A 为n 阶非零方阵*,A 是A 的伴随矩阵,'A 是A 的转置矩阵,当*'=A A 时,证明0.≠A 十、填空题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)已知A 、B 两个事件满足条件()(),P AB P AB =且(),P A p =则()P B =____________.(2)设相互独立的两个随机变量,X Y 具有同一分布率,且X 的分布率为X 01P1212则随机变量max{,}Z X Y =的分布率为____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设随机变量X 和Y 分别服从正态分布2(1,3)N 和2(0,4),N 且X 与Y 的相关系数1,2xy ρ=-设,32X YZ =+(1)求Z 的数学期望EZ 和DZ 方差.(2)求X 与Z 的相关系数.xz ρ(3)问X 与Y 是否相互独立?为什么?1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)2sin 0lim(13)xx x →+=_____________.(2)202cos x d x t dt dx⎰=_____________.(3)设()2,⨯=a b c 则[()()]()+⨯++a b b c c a =_____________.(4)幂级数2112(3)n n nn n ∞-=+-∑的收敛半径R =_____________.(5)设三阶方阵,A B 满足关系式16,-=+A BA A BA 且100310,41007⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A 则B =_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)设有直线:L 321021030x y z x y z +++=--+=,及平面:4220,x y z π-+-=则直线L(A)平行于π(B)在π上(C)垂直于π(D)与π斜交(2)设在[0,1]上()0,f x ''>则(0),(1),(1)(0)f f f f ''-或(0)(1)f f -的大小顺序是(A)(1)(0)(1)(0)f f f f ''>>-(B)(1)(1)(0)(0)f f f f ''>->(C)(1)(0)(1)(0)f f f f ''->>(D)(1)(0)(1)(0)f f f f ''>->(3)设()f x 可导,()()(1sin ),F x f x x =+则(0)0f =是()F x 在0x =处可导的(A)充分必要条件(B)充分条件但非必要条件(C)必要条件但非充分条件(D)既非充分条件又非必要条件(4)设(1)ln(1nn u =-+则级数(A)1nn u∞=∑与21nn u∞=∑都收敛(B)1nn u∞=∑与21nn u∞=∑都发散(C)1nn u∞=∑收敛,而21nn u∞=∑发散(D)1nn u∞=∑收敛,而21nn u∞=∑发散(5)设11121311121321222321222312313233313233010100,,100,010,001101a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥====⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦A B P P 则必有(A)12AP P =B (B)21AP P =B (C)12P P A =B(D)21P P A =B三、(本题共2小题,每小题5分,满分10分)(1)设2(,,),(,e ,)0,sin ,yu f x y z x z y x ϕ===其中,f ϕ都具有一阶连续偏导数,且0.zϕ∂≠∂求.du dx (2)设函数()f x 在区间[0,1]上连续,并设1(),f x dx A =⎰求11()().xdx f x f y dy ⎰⎰四、(本题共2小题,每小题6分,满分12分)(1)计算曲面积分,zdS ∑⎰⎰其中∑为锥面z =在柱体222x y x +≤内的部分.(2)将函数()1(02)f x x x =-≤≤展开成周期为4的余弦函数.五、(本题满分7分)设曲线L 位于平面xOy 的第一象限内,L 上任一点M 处的切线与y 轴总相交,交点记为.A 已知,MA OA =且L 过点33(,),22求L 的方程.六、(本题满分8分)设函数(,)Q x y 在平面xOy 上具有一阶连续偏导数,曲线积分2(,)Lxydx Q x y dy +⎰与路径无关,并且对任意t 恒有(,1)(1,)(0,0)(0,0)2(,)2(,),t t xydx Q x y dy xydx Q x y dy +=+⎰⎰求(,).Q x y 七、(本题满分8分)假设函数()f x 和()g x 在[,]a b 上存在二阶导数,并且()0,()()()()0,g x f a f b g a g b ''≠====试证:(1)在开区间(,)a b 内()0.g x ≠(2)在开区间(,)a b 内至少存在一点,ξ使()().()()f fg g ξξξξ''=''八、(本题满分7分)设三阶实对称矩阵A 的特征值为1231,1,λλλ=-==对应于1λ的特征向量为101,1⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦ξ求.A 九、(本题满分6分)设A 为n 阶矩阵,满足('=AA I I 是n 阶单位矩阵,'A 是A 的转置矩阵),0,<A 求.+A I 十、填空题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)设X 表示10次独立重复射击命中目标的次数,每次射中目标的概率为0.4,则2X 的数学期望2()E X =____________.(2)设X 和Y 为两个随机变量,且34{0,0},{0}{0},77P X Y P X P Y ≥≥=≥=≥=则{max(,)0}P X Y ≥=____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设随机变量X 的概率密度为()X f x =e 0x -00x x ≥<,求随机变量e XY =的概率密度().Y f y1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)设2lim()8,xx x a x a→∞+=-则a =_____________.(2)设一平面经过原点及点(6,3,2),-且与平面428x y z -+=垂直,则此平面方程为_____________.(3)微分方程22e xy y y '''-+=的通解为_____________.(4)函数ln(u x =在点(1,0,1)A 处沿点A 指向点(3,2,2)B -方向的方向导数为_____________.(5)设A 是43⨯矩阵,且A 的秩()2,r =A 而102020,103⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦B 则()r AB =_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)已知2()()x ay dx ydyx y +++为某函数的全微分,a 则等于(A)-1(B)0(C)1(D)2(2)设()f x 具有二阶连续导数,且0()(0)0,lim1,x f x f x→'''==则(A)(0)f 是()f x 的极大值(B)(0)f 是()f x 的极小值(C)(0,(0))f 是曲线()y f x =的拐点(D)(0)f 不是()f x 的极值,(0,(0))f 也不是曲线()y f x =的拐点(3)设0(1,2,),n a n >= 且1n n a ∞=∑收敛,常数(0,2πλ∈则级数21(1)(tan nnn n a n λ∞=-∑(A)绝对收敛(B)条件收敛(C)发散(D)散敛性与λ有关(4)设有()f x 连续的导数220,(0)0,(0)0,()()(),xf f F x x t f t dt '=≠=-⎰且当0x →时,()F x '与kx 是同阶无穷小,则k 等于(A)1(B)2(C)3(D)4(5)四阶行列式112233440000000a b a b a b b a 的值等于(A)12341234a a a ab b b b -(B)12341234a a a ab b b b +(C)12123434()()a ab b a a b b --(D)23231414()()a ab b a a b b --三、(本题共2小题,每小题5分,满分10分)(1)求心形线(1cos )r a θ=+的全长,其中0a >是常数.(2)设1110,1,2,),n x x n +=== 试证数列{}n x 极限存在,并求此极限.四、(本题共2小题,每小题6分,满分12分)(1)计算曲面积分(2),Sx z dydz zdxdy ++⎰⎰其中S 为有向曲面22(01),z xy x =+≤≤其法向量与z 轴正向的夹角为锐角.(2)设变换2u x y v x ay =-=+可把方程2222260z z z x x y y ∂∂∂+-=∂∂∂∂简化为20,zu v∂=∂∂求常数.a 五、(本题满分7分)求级数211(1)2n n n ∞=-∑的和.六、(本题满分7分)设对任意0,x >曲线()y f x =上点(,())x f x 处的切线在y 轴上的截距等于01(),xf t dt x⎰求()f x 的一般表达式.七、(本题满分8分)设()f x 在[0,1]上具有二阶导数,且满足条件(),(),f x a f x b ''≤≤其中,a b 都是非负常数,c 是(0,1)内任意一点.证明()2.2bf c a '≤+八、(本题满分6分)设,TA =-I ξξ其中I 是n 阶单位矩阵,ξ是n 维非零列向量,Tξ是ξ的转置.证明(1)2=A A 的充分条件是 1.T=ξξ(2)当1T=ξξ时,A 是不可逆矩阵.九、(本题满分8分)已知二次型222123123121323(,,)55266f x x x x x cx x x x x x x =++-+-的秩为2,(1)求参数c 及此二次型对应矩阵的特征值.(2)指出方程123(,,)1f x x x =表示何种二次曲面.十、填空题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,满分6分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)设工厂A 和工厂B 的产品的次品率分别为1%和2%,现从由A 和B 的产品分别占60%和40%的一批产品中随机抽取一件,发现是次品,则该次品属A 生产的概率是____________.(2)设,ξη是两个相互独立且均服从正态分布2)N 的随机变量,则随机变量ξη-的数学期望()E ξη-=____________.十一、(本题满分6分)设,ξη是两个相互独立且服从同一分布的两个随机变量,已知ξ的分布率为1(),1,2,3.3P i i ξ===又设max(,),min(,).X Y ξηξη==(1)写出二维随机变量的分布率:XY123123(2)求随机变量X 的数学期望().E X1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)2013sin coslim(1cos )ln(1)x x x x x x →+++=_____________.(2)设幂级数1nnn a x∞=∑的收敛半径为3,则幂级数11(1)n nn na x ∞+=-∑的收敛区间为_____________.(3)对数螺线e θρ=在点2(,)(e ,)2ππρθ=处切线的直角坐标方程为_____________.(4)设12243,311t -⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦A B 为三阶非零矩阵,且,=AB O 则t =_____________.(5)袋中有50个乒乓球,其中20个是黄球,30个是白球,今有两人依次随机地从袋中各取一球,取后不放回,则第二个人取得黄球的概率是_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)二元函数(,)f x y =22(,)(0,0)0(,)(0,0)xyx y x y x y ≠+=,在点(0,0)处(A)连续,偏导数存在(B)连续,偏导数不存在(C)不连续,偏导数存在(D)连续,偏导数不存在(2)设在区间[,]a b 上()0,()0,()0.f x f x f x '''><>令1231(),()(),[()()](),2ba S f x dx S fb b a S f a f b b a ==-=+-⎰则(A)123S S S <<(B)213S S S <<(C)312S S S <<(D)231S S S <<(3)设2sin ()e sin ,x t xF x tdt π+=⎰则()F x (A)为正常数(B)为负常数(C)恒为零(D)不为常数(4)设111122232333,,,a b c a b c a b c ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥===⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦ααα则三条直线1112223330,0,0a x b y c a x b y c a x b y c ++=++=++=(其中220,1,2,3i i a b i +≠=)交于一点的充要条件是:(A)123,,ααα线性相关(B)123,,ααα线性无关(C)秩123(,,)r =ααα秩12(,)r αα(D)123,,ααα线性相关12,,αα线性无关(5)设两个相互独立的随机变量X 和Y 的方差分别为4和2,则随机变量32X Y -的方差是(A)8(B)16(C)28(D)44三、(本题共3小题,每小题5分,满分15分)(1)计算22(),I xy dv Ω=+⎰⎰⎰其中Ω为平面曲线220y zx ==绕z 轴旋转一周所成的曲面与平面8z =所围成的区域.(2)计算曲线积分()()(),cz y dx x z dy x y dz -+-+-⎰ 其中c 是曲线2212x y x y z +=-+=从z轴正向往z 轴负向看c 的方向是顺时针的.(3)在某一人群中推广新技术是通过其中掌握新技术的人进行的,设该人群的总人数为,N 在0t =时刻已掌握新技术的人数为0,x 在任意时刻t 已掌握新技术的人数为()(x t 将()x t 视为连续可微变量),其变化率与已掌握新技术人数和未掌握新技术人数之积成正比,比例常数0,k >求().x t 四、(本题共2小题,第(1)小题6分,第(2)小题7分,满分13分)(1)设直线:l 030x y b x ay z ++=+--=在平面π上,而平面π与曲面22z x y =+相切于点(1,2,5),-求,a b 之值.(2)设函数()f u 具有二阶连续导数,而(e sin )xz f y =满足方程22222e ,xz z z x y∂∂+=∂∂求().f u五、(本题满分6分)设()f x 连续1,()(),x f xt dt ϕ=⎰且0()lim(x f x A A x→=为常数),求()x ϕ'并讨论()x ϕ'在0x =处的连续性.六、(本题满分8分)设11110,(1,2,),2n n na a a n a +==+= 证明(1)lim n x a →∞存在.(2)级数11(1)nn n a a ∞=+-∑收敛.七、(本题共2小题,第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题6分,满分11分)(1)设B 是秩为2的54⨯矩阵123,[1,1,2,3],[1,1,4,1],[5,1,8,9]TTT==--=--ααα是齐次线性方程组x =B 0的解向量,求x =B 0的解空间的一个标准正交基.(2)已知111⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦ξ是矩阵2125312a b -⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦A 的一个特征向量.1)试确定,a b 参数及特征向量ξ所对应的特征值.2)问A 能否相似于对角阵?说明理由.八、(本题满分5分)设A 是n 阶可逆方阵,将A 的第i 行和第j 行对换后得到的矩阵记为.B (1)证明B 可逆.(2)求1.-AB 九、(本题满分7分)从学校乘汽车到火车站的途中有3个交通岗,假设再各个交通岗遇到红灯的事件是相互独立的,并且概率都是2.5设X 为途中遇到红灯的次数,求随机变量X 的分布律、分布函数和数学期望.十、(本题满分5分)设总体X 的概率密度为()f x =(1)0x θθ+01x <<其它其中1θ>-是未知参数12,,,,n X X X 是来自总体X 的一个容量为n 的简单随机样本,分别用矩估计法和极大似然估计法求θ的估计量.1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)2112limx x→-=_____________.(2)设1()(),,z f xy y x y f x ϕϕ=++具有二阶连续导数,则2z x y ∂∂∂=_____________.(3)设l 为椭圆221,43x y +=其周长记为,a 则22(234)Lxy x y ds ++⎰ =_____________.(4)设A 为n 阶矩阵*,0,≠A A 为A 的伴随矩阵,E 为n 阶单位矩阵.若A 有特征值,λ则*2()+A E 必有特征值_____________.(5)设平面区域D 由曲线1y x=及直线20,1,e y x x ===所围成,二维随机变量(,)X Y 在区域D 上服从均匀分布,则(,)X Y 关于X 的边缘概率密度在2x =处的值为_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)设()f x 连续,则220()x d tf x t dt dx-⎰=(A)2()xf x (B)2()xf x -(C)22()xf x (D)22()xf x -(2)函数23()(2)f x x x x x =---不可导点的个数是(A)3(B)2(C)1(D)0(3)已知函数()y y x =在任意点x 处的增量2,1y xy x α∆∆=++且当0x ∆→时,α是x ∆的高阶无穷小,(0)y π=,则(1)y 等于(A)2π(B)π(C)4eπ(D)4eππ(4)设矩阵111222333a b c a b c a b c ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦是满秩的,则直线333121212x a y b z c a a b b c c ---==---与直线111232323x a y b z c a a b b c c ---==---(A)相交于一点(B)重合(C)平行但不重合(D)异面(5)设,A B 是两个随机事件,且0()1,()0,(|)(|),P A P B P B A P B A <<>=则必有(A)(|)(|)P A B P A B =(B)(|)(|)P A B P A B ≠(C)()()()P AB P A P B =(D)()()()P AB P A P B ≠三、(本题满分5分)求直线11:111x y z l --==-在平面:210x y z π-+-=上的投影直线0l 的方程,并求0l 绕y 轴旋转一周所成曲面的方程.四、(本题满分6分)确定常数,λ使在右半平面0x >上的向量42242(,)2()()x y xy x y x x y λλ=+-+A i j 为某二元函数(,)u x y 的梯度,并求(,).u x y 五、(本题满分6分)从船上向海中沉放某种探测仪器,按探测要求,需确定仪器的下沉深度(y 从海平面算起)与下沉速度v 之间的函数关系.设仪器在重力作用下,从海平面由静止开始铅直下沉,在下沉过程中还受到阻力和浮力的作用.设仪器的质量为,m 体积为,B 海水密度为,ρ仪器所受的阻力与下沉速度成正比,比例系数为(0).k k >试建立y 与v 所满足的微分方程,并求出函数关系式().y y v =六、(本题满分7分)计算222212(),()axdydz z a dxdy x y z ∑++++⎰⎰其中∑为下半平面z =,a 为大于零的常数.七、(本题满分6分)求2sin sin sin lim .1112x n n n n n n πππ→∞⎡⎤⎢⎥+++⎢⎥+⎢⎥++⎣⎦ 八、(本题满分5分)设正向数列{}n a 单调减少,且1(1)nn n a ∞=-∑发散,试问级数11(1nn n a ∞=+∑是否收敛?并说明理由.九、(本题满分6分)设()y f x =是区间[0,1]上的任一非负连续函数.(1)试证存在0(0,1),x ∈使得在区间0[0,]x 上以0()f x 为高的矩形面积,等于在区间0[,1]x 上以()y f x =为曲边的曲边梯形面积.(2)又设()f x 在区间(0,1)内可导,且2()(),f x f x x'>-证明(1)中的0x 是唯一的.十、(本题满分6分)已知二次曲面方程2222224x ay z bxy xz yz +++++=可以经过正交变换x y z ξηζ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦P 化为椭圆柱面方程2244,ηξ+=求,a b 的值和正交矩阵.P 十一、(本题满分4分)设A 是n 阶矩阵,若存在正整数,k 使线性方程组kx =A 0有解向量,α且1.k -≠A α0证明:向量组1,,,k -αAαAα 是线性无关的.十二、(本题满分5分)已知方程组(Ⅰ)1111221,222112222,221122,22000n n n n n n n n n a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x +++=+++=+++=的一个基础解析为11121,221222,212,2(,,,),(,,,),,(,,,).TTTn n n n n n b b b b b b b b b 试写出线性方程组(Ⅱ)1111221,222112222,221122,22000n n n n n n n n nb y b y b y b y b y b y b y b y b y +++=+++=+++=的通解,并说明理由.十三、(本题满分6分)设两个随机变量,X Y 相互独立,且都服从均值为0、方差为12的正态分布,求随机变量X Y -的方差.十四、(本题满分4分)从正态总体2(3.4,6)N 中抽取容量为n 的样本,如果要求其样本均值位于区间(1.4,5.4)内的概率不小于0.95,问样本容量n 至少应取多大?附:标准正态分布表22()t zx dt -Φ=⎰z1.28 1.645 1.962.33()x Φ0.9000.9500.9750.990十五、(本题满分4分)设某次考试的学生成绩服从正态分布,从中随机地抽取36位考生地成绩,算得平均成绩为66.5分,标准差为15分.问在显著性水平0.05下,是否可以认为这次考试全体考生的平均成绩为70分?并给出检验过程.附:t 分布表{()()}p P t n t n p≤=0.950.97535 1.6896 2.0301361.68832.02811999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)(1)2011lim(tan x x x x→-=_____________.(2)20sin()x d x t dt dx-⎰=_____________.(3)24e xy y ''-=的通解为y =_____________.(4)设n 阶矩阵A 的元素全为1,则A 的n 个特征值是_____________.(5)设两两相互独立的三事件,A B和C满足条件:1,()()(),2ABC P A P B P C =∅==<且已知9(),16P A B C =则()P A =_____________.二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1)设()f x 是连续函数,()F x 是()f x 的原函数,则(A)当()f x 是奇函数时,()F x 必是偶函数(B)当()f x 是偶函数时,()F x 必是奇函数(C)当()f x 是周期函数时,()F x 必是周期函数(D)当()f x 是单调增函数时,()F x 必是单调增函数(2)设20()() 0x f x x g x x >=≤⎩,其中()g x 是有界函数,则()f x 在0x =处(A)极限不存在(B)极限存在,但不连续(C)连续,但不可导(D)可导(3)设 01()122 12x x f x x x ≤≤⎧⎪=⎨-<<⎪⎩,01()cos ,,2n n a S x a n x x π∞==+-∞<<+∞∑其中102()cos n a f x n xdx π=⎰(0,1,2,)n = ,则5()2S -等于(A)12(B)12-(C)34(D)34-(4)设A 是m n ⨯矩阵,B 是n m ⨯矩阵,则(A)当m n >时,必有行列式||0≠AB (B)当m n >时,必有行列式||0=AB (C)当n m >时,必有行列式||0≠AB (D)当n m >时,必有行列式||0=AB (5)设两个相互独立的随机变量X 和Y 分别服从正态分布(0,1)N 和(1,1)N ,则(A)1{0}2P X Y +≤=(B)1{1}2P X Y +≤=(C)1{0}2P X Y -≤=(D)1{1}2P X Y -≤=三、(本题满分6分)设(),()y y x z z x ==是由方程()z xf x y =+和(,,)0F x y z =所确定的函数,其中f 和F 分别具有一阶连续导数和一阶连续偏导数,求.dz dx四、(本题满分5分)求(e sin ())(e cos ),x x LI y b x y dx y ax dy =-++-⎰其中,a b 为正的常数,L 为从点(2,0)A a 沿曲线y =到点(0,0)O 的弧.五、(本题满分6分)设函数()(0)y x x ≥二阶可导且()0,(0) 1.y x y '>=过曲线()y y x =上任意一点。

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(一)

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(一)

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(一)f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 word.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions: Answer the questions 1 to 2 based on the following news report.1.A.Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B.A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C.Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D.A wandering cow was captured by the police.2.Directions: Answer the questions 3 to 4 based on the following news report.3.4.Directions: Answer the questions 5 to 7 based on the following news report.5.6.7.Directions: Answer the questions 8 to 11 based on the following conversation.8.A.It was shot to death by a police officer.B.It found its way back to the park&#39;s zoo.C.It became a great attraction for tourists.D.It was sent to the animal control department.A.It is the largest of its kind.B.It is going to be expanded.C.It is displaying more fossil specimens.D.It is starting an online exhibition.A.A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B.Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C.Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D.Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.A.Pick up trash.B.Amuse visitors.C.Deliver messages.D.Play with children.A.They are especially intelligent.B.They are children&#39;s favorite.C.They are quite easy to tame.D.They are clean and pretty.A.Children may be harmed by the rooks.B.Children may be tempted to drop litter.C.Children may contract bird diseases.D.Children may overfeed the rooks.A.It will produced at Harvard University.B.It will be hosted by famous professors.C.It will cover different areas of science.D.It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.A.It will be more futuristic.B.It will be more systematic.C.It will be more entertaining.D.It will be easier to understand.10.A.People interested in science.B.Youngsters eager to explore.C.Children in their early teens.D.Students majoring in science.11.A.Offer professional advice.B.Provide financial support.C.Help promote it on the Internet.D.Make episodes for its first season.Directions: Answer the questions 12 to 15 based on the following conversation.12.A.UnsureB.HelplessC.ConcernedD.Dissatisfied13.A.He is too concerned with being perfect.B.He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C.He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D.He takes on projects beyond his ability.14.A.EmbarrassedB.UnconcernedC.MiserableD.Resentful15.A.Try to be optimistic whatever happens.pare his present with his past only.C.Always learn from others&#39; achievements.D.Treat others the way he would be treated.Directions: Answer the questions 16 to 18 based on the following passage.16.A.They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B.They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C.They are more likely to become engineers.D.They have greater potential to be leaders.17.A.Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B.Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C.Insist that boys and girls work together more.D.Respond more positively to boys&#39; comments.18.A.Offer personalized teaching materials.B.Provide a variety of optional courses.C.Place great emphasis on test scores.D.Pay extra attention to top students.Directions: Answer the questions 19 to 21 based on the following passage.19.A.It often rains cats and dogs.B.It seldom rains in summer time.C.It does not rain as much as people think.D.It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20.A.They drive most of the time.B.The rain is usually very light.C.They have got used to the rain.D.The rain comes mostly at night.A.It has a lot of places for entertainment.B.It has never seen thunder and lightning.C.It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D.It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Directions: Answer the questions 22 to 25 based on the following passage.22.A.It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B.It results from exerting one&#39;s muscles continuously.C.It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D.It comes from straining one&#39;s muscles in an unusual way.23.A.Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B.Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C.They begin to make repairs immediately.D.They gradually become fragmented.24.A.About one week.B.About two days.C.About ten days.D.About four weeks.25.A.Apply muscle creams.B.Drink plenty of water.C.Have a hot shower.D.Take pain-killers.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is 27, and the label says "pure water". But maybe what's inside is not so 28. Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world 29microplastics?That's the conclusion of a recently 30study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, 31an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a 32 commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and 33containers. The study was conducted at the State New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34, several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the 35health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.A.adequateB.admiringC.containsD.defendingE.evidenceF.instantG.liquidH.modifiedI.natural J.potential K.released L.revealingf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mThe quiet heroism of mail delivery[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica(南极洲), Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights were canceled.[B] Even the United States Postal Service(USPS) suspended mail delivery. "Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees, " USPS announced Wednesday morning, "the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in some 3-digit ZIP Code locations." Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017's Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone (无人机) caught footage(连续镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. "I followed my route like I normally do," Smith told a reporter. " As I came across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in it. And so we picked those up and carried on."[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency's top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.[F] As soon as it's safe enough to be outside, couriers(邮递员) start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.[H] It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence andM.sealed N.solves O.substanceHurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.[I] Mail companies are logistics (物流)companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disasterstrikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a"unique federal asset "to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. " I think we're unique as a federal agency."USPS official Mike Swigart told me,“ because we're in literally every community in this country.. We're obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis."[J] Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1, 200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California. They also donated space for3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October the company pledged $1 million in cash andtransportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS's charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company's logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. "We realize that as a company with people, trucks,warehouses, we needed to play a larger role, " said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving,"he said.[K]Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a normal life can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residentsremember that their communities are still their communities. "When they see that carrier back out on the street, "Swigart said, "that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal."36.The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees' safety.37.One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federalagencies.38.Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39.Mail delivery service is still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40.The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.42.Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43.Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44.A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45.Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professorf e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advance and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill's true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial intelligence than, say Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46.What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?47.What problem did Professor Goel meet with?48.What do we learn about Jill Watson?49.How did the students feel about Jill Watson?50.What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?unch different versions of her online.B.Feed her with new questions and answers.C.Assign her to answer more of students&#39; questions.D.Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits ofsuccessful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.A.It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.B.It is a course designed for students to learn online.C.It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D.It is a computer program that aids student learning.A.His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B.His course was too difficult for the students.C.Students’ questions were too many to handle.D.Too many students dropped out of his course.A.She turned out to be a great success.B.She got along pretty well with students.C.She was unwelcome to students at first.D.She was released online as an experiment.A.They thought she was a bit too artificial.B.They found her not as capable as expected.C.They could not but admire her knowledge.D.They could not tell her from a real person.f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by sciencecommunications scholar Mike Schafer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in PublicUnderstanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $1000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because"they feeI a connection to the person "who is doing the fundraising - not necessarily to the science.51.What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?52.What is the purpose of Mike Schafer's research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?53.What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?54.What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?55.What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A.The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B.Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C.The significance and influence of the project itself.D.Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关,和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。

真题题库1带答案

真题题库1带答案

1.新平台客户端(CIBMTS)现有功能有哪些?(多选)A.实名认证B.身份确认C.用户权限设置D.账户设置答案:ABCD2.以下哪个系统同时支持添加好友、即时通讯和发送报价?(单选)A.本币聊天工具(iDeal)B.新平台客户端(CIBMTS)B.银行间市场开户系统 D. 都不可以答案:A3.系统管理员是否可对机构用户进行实名认证?(单选)A.是B. 否答案:B4.信用拆借交易时提示“拆入方交易员超出交易限额”是指什么?(单选)A.交易金额超出拆入方的交易员限额B.交易金额超出拆出方的交易员限额C.交易金额超出拆入方对手额限额D. 交易金额超出拆出方对手方限额答案:A(PPT系统功能介绍第39页)5.机构A对机构B设置信用拆借对手方限额:拆入8亿,拆出10亿,净限额设置为0-10亿,以下哪笔交易有可能达成?(单选)A.机构A从机构B拆入10亿B. 机构A对机构B拆出10亿C.机构A对机构B拆入8亿D.机构A对机构B拆出8亿答案:C(PPT系统功能介绍第39页)6.机构或产品的托管账户设置,以下描述错误的是(多选)A.国债公司和上海清算所可分别设置一个B.国债公司可设置多个C.国债公司和上海清算所可设置多个D.上海清算所可设置多个答案:BCD(系统功能介绍PPT第21页)7、一个交易员的信息只能用于确认/认证一个系统用户?(单选)A. 是B.否答案:A(PPT系统功能介绍第17页)8.限额设置的生效时间为:(单选)A. 下一工作日生效B.交易中心确认后生效C.人民银行确认后生效D.即时生效答案:D(PPT系统功能介绍第114页)9.系统管理员在新平台客户端(CIBMTS)的权限有哪些?(多选)A.新建用户B.锁定或解锁用户C.重置密码D.对其他用户进行实名认证答案:ABC10.关于资金账户和托管账户的维护,以下选项正确的是?(多选)A.资金账户在银行间市场开户系统维护B.资金账户和托管账户都在银行间市场开户系统维护C.资金账户在新平台客户端(CIBMTS)新增维护D.托管账户在银行间市场开户系统维护答案:CD(PPT系统功能介绍第22.23页)11.用户在CIBMTS进行实名认证时应输入以下哪些信息:(多选)A. 交易员姓名B. 证件号C. 交易员资格证书号D.机构全称答案:ABC12.以下限额必须设置才能进行信用拆借交易的有:(多选)A.对手方限额B. 对手方净限额C.交易员限额D.交易员净限额答案:AC(PPT系统功能介绍第30.37页)13.以下描述正确的是?(单选)A. 非做市机构可以发送指示性报价B. 指示性报价可以直接被点击成交C.发送对话报价时,可以不指定对手方交易员D.做市机构可以回复请求报价答案:D14.CIBMTS中“我要报价”的快捷键是?(单选)A.F1B.F6C.F7D.F8答案:D15.CIBMTS哪些报价方式支持excel批量导入?(多选)A.做市报价B.指示性报价C.X-bond订单D.对话报价答案:ABCD16.报价信息查询中的交易全流程可以查看以下内容包括:(多选)A.订单也可查看订单概览B.请求报价概览可查看所有请求回复C.被成交的报价支持查看成交概览D.被成交的报价支持查看成交单答案:ABCD17.新平台CIBMTS系统现券市场,关于意向报价说法正确的有?(多选)A.意向报价可以转换成聊天意向B.意向报价可以直接转换成对话报价C.同一只债券只能发送一笔同一方向的意向报价D.由意向报价生成的对话报价意向,须确认后才能生成对话报价答案:CD(PPT系统功能介绍第30.37页)解析:意向报价可以转聊天,但是不能生成聊天意向,聊天意向是格式化的。

真题一

真题一

保代真题(一)一、是非题1、根据我国《保险法》的规定,保险代理人是根据被保险人的委托,向被保险人收取代理手续费,并在被保险人授权的范围内代为办理保险业务的机构或者个人(×)。

2、根据我国《保险法》的规定,在对违反规定的保险公司进行整顿过程中,被整顿保险公司的原有业务继续进行,保险监督管理机构也无权停止被整顿公司接收新的业务(√)。

3、根据我国《保险法》的规定,个人保险代理人在代为办理人寿保险业务时,不得同时接收两个以上保险人的委托(×)。

4、根据我国《保险法》的规定,在中华人民共和国境内的法人和其他组织需要办理境外保险的,应当向中华人民共和国境内的保险公司投保(×)。

5、根据我国《保险法》的规定,保险公司应当妥善保管的有关业务经营活动的完整账簿,原始凭证及有关资料的保管期限,所有保险合同自生效之日起计算,不得少于五年(×)。

6、根据我国《保险法》的规定,经营财产保险业务的保险公司当年自留保险费,不得超过其实有资本金加资产总和的四倍(×)。

7、根据我国《保险法》的规定,保险公司可以完全自主办理再保险,无须按国务院保险监督管理机构的规定办理(×)。

8、根据我国《保险法》的规定,保险是指投保人根据合同规定,向保险人支付保险费,保险人按照合同约定,到期承担给付保险金责任的商业保险行为(×)。

9、根据我国《保险法》的规定,保险公司的业务范围分为人寿保险。

健康保险和意外伤害保险等业务(×)。

10、根据我国《保险法》的规定,保险公司有《中华人民共和国企业破产法》第二条规定情形的,保险行业协会可以向人民法院申请对该保险公司进行重整或者破产清算(×)。

二、单选题11、在人寿保险定价方法中,营业保费等价公式法的最适用的寿险产品是( A )。

A.简单的寿险产品B.复杂的寿险产品C.组合的寿险产品D.投资的寿险产品12、在我国,因欠交保费而导致保险合同效力中止的,投保人可以向保险人申请复效的期间是( D )。

全国教师资格证考试真题一及答案

全国教师资格证考试真题一及答案

一、单项选择题1.最早提出“班级授课制”的是()。

A.夸美纽斯B.马卡连柯C.伊拉莫斯D.赫尔巴特2.在现代教育技术中,教学设计的关键设计任务是按()的先后顺序进行。

A.学习目标、教学策略、教学媒体B.教学策略、教学媒体、学习目标C.教学策略、学习目标、教学媒体D.教学媒体、教学策略、学习目标3.属于现代教学媒体中的视觉媒体()。

A.教学挂图B.投影仪C.标本D.MP34.学校教育与生产劳动相脱离,是从()时期开始的。

A.原始社会B.奴隶社会C.封建社会D.资本主义社会5.古代西方教育中强调身心和谐发展的是()。

A.雅典教育B.斯巴达教育C.世俗教育D.骑士教育6.实用主义教育家杜威的“新三中心”指的是()。

A.教师、书本、课堂B.儿童、活动、课堂C.儿童、经验、活动D.儿童、书本、活动7.提出“教育的最终目的就是要培养和选拔出统治国家的理学家——最高统治者”观点的人是()。

A.柏拉图B.凯兴斯泰纳C.卢梭D.亚里士多德8.素质教育在本质上是一种()。

A.教育政策B.教育价值取向C.教育模式D.教育方法9.世界上最早的师范教育于()年诞生于()。

A.1619 年德意志魏玛邦B.1632 年捷克C.1681 年法国D.1897 年中国10.学制在大中小学阶段的入学年龄方面,数多国家基本上是一致的,这是因为学制的设置受()因素的影响.A.政治经济的B.生产力和科技C.人的身心发展规律D.名族文化传统1.教育心理学主要研究()。

A.学生的学B.教师的教C.教学环境D.学生的学和教师的教2.皮亚杰认为认知的本质是()。

A.学习B.模仿C.强化D.适应3.学校教育在人的发展中()。

A.辅助作用B.主导作用C.强化作用D.促进作用4.智力的个体差异性并不体现在()上。

A.发展水平的差异B.发展类型的差异C.发展早晚的差异D.发展各民族的差异5.()提出了“先行组织者“的概念。

A.奥苏泊尔B.杜威C.陶行知D.班杜拉6.社会学习理论是由()提出来的?A.巴普洛夫B.斯金纳C.班杜拉D.布鲁姆7.加涅的智慧技能层次由低到高分为五个类()。

司法考试卷一历年真题答案与解析

司法考试卷一历年真题答案与解析

司法考试卷一历年真题答案与解析司法考试卷一历年真题答案与解析导语:国家司法考试是国家统一组织的从事特定法律职业的资格考试。

初任法官、初任检察官和取得律师资格必须通过国家司法考试。

国家司法考试前身为律师资格考试,自2002年后,增加了检察官考试和法官考试两类系统内部职业资格考试考核,统称为国家统一司法考试。

一、单项选择题。

每题所设选项中只有一个正确答案,多选、错选或不选均不得分。

本部分含1—50题,每题1分,共50分。

1.司法公正是司法工作的灵魂,是依法治国的重要标志。

社会主义法治理念要求司法机关必须“严格公正司法”。

下列哪一选项不符合社会主义法治理念的精神和要求?A.司法机关必须坚持实体公正和程序公正相结合,做到法律效果、政治效果和社会效果相统一B.司法机关必须进一步提高办案效率,坚持公正与效率兼顾C.司法机关为了保障判决有效执行,应对当事人实行“一站式服务”,即谁立案谁审判谁执行D.司法机关为了加强审判监督,可主动邀请人大代表、政协委员和新闻媒体旁听重大疑难案件审判【考点】社会主义法治理念公平正义【司法部答案】【万国答案】C【解析】司法公正是司法工作的灵魂,司法工作人员必须自觉用司法公正理念指导司法工作,坚持实体公正和程序公正相结合,做到法律效果、政治效果和社会效果相统一,故选项A正确;公正与效率都是人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,因此司法机关必须进一步提高办案效率,坚持公正与效率兼顾,故选项B正确;司法民主包括司法主体民主、程序民主和司法目的民主三个方面,司法民主又体现在人民直接参与司法,也就是说可通过人大代表、政协委员和媒体等参与司法来监督司法,故选项D正确;司法机关保障判决有效执行,应当在完善执行法律程序等方面做出努力,而且对当事人实行“一站式服务”,即谁立案谁审判谁执行,违背了司法机关内部的分工协调原则,故C项错误,为当选项。

2.为了落实司法便民,检察院开设了网上举报、申诉和信息查询系统,法院实现网上预约立案和电子签章,公民对国家机关实行网上监督收效明显。

自考综合英语一真题及答案

自考综合英语一真题及答案

自考综合英语一真题及答案1、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment2、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)3、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *A. attracted(正确答案)B. attackedC. appearedD. argued4、30.It is known that ipad is _________ for the old to use. [单选题] *A.enough easyB.easy enough (正确答案)C.enough easilyD.easily enough5、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking6、Guilin is _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. famous for(正确答案)B. interested inC. fond ofD. careful with7、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务8、The paper gives a detailed()of how to create human embryos (胚胎)by cloning. [单选题] *A. intentionB. description(正确答案)C. affectionD. effort9、I like booking tickets online,because it is _______. [单选题] *A. boringB. confidentC. convenient(正确答案)D. expensive10、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make11、He studied harder to _______ his reading skills. [单选题] *A. improve(正确答案)B. rememberC. memorizeD. forget12、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any13、—What ______ your sister ______ this Saturday?—Something special, because it’s her birthday. ()[单选题] *A. are; going to doB. is; going to do(正确答案)C. does; doD. did do14、I don’t like playing chess. It is _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. interestedC. boring(正确答案)D. bored15、John is quite _______. He likes to attend activities in?his spare time. [单选题] *A. active(正确答案)B. quietC. lazyD. honest16、She returns home every year to _______ the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. celebrate(正确答案)B. shareC. watchD. congratulate17、- I haven't been to Guilin yet.- I haven t been there, ______. [单选题] *A. tooB. alsoC. either(正确答案)D. neither18、49.________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A.HowB.How muchC.What(正确答案)D.How many19、--What’s the weather like today?--It’s _______. [单选题] *A. rainB. windy(正确答案)C. sunD. wind20、A good teacher is able to_____a complicated idea in very simple terms. [单选题] *A.put across(正确答案)B.break upC.work outD.bring out21、I like the food very much.It is _______. [单选题] *A. terribleB. expensiveC. delicious(正确答案)D. friendly22、____ father is a worker. [单选题] *A.Mike's and Mary'sB. Mike and Mary's(正确答案)C. Mike's and MaryD. Mike and Marys'23、What he said sounds _______. [单选题] *A. pleasantlyB. nicelyC. friendly(正确答案)D. wonderfully24、Mary's watch is more expensive than _____. [单选题] *A. Susan's(正确答案)B. that of Susan'sC. that of SusanD. Susan25、I repeated my question several times. [单选题] *A. 到达B. 惊奇C. 重复(正确答案)D. 返回26、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into27、As I know, his salary as a doctor is much higher_____. [单选题] *A. than that of a teacher(正确答案)B. than a teacherC. to that of a teacherD. to a teacher28、There ______ a football match and a concert this weekend.()[单选题] *A. isB. haveC. will be(正确答案)D. will have29、Look! There are some boats ______ the river.()[单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. overC. betweenD. in30、7.—I've got some ________.—Great! I'd like to write with it. [单选题] * A.funB.chalk(正确答案)C.waterD.time。

考研数学一真题及答案

考研数学一真题及答案

考研数学一真题(一)一、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题4分,满分24分。

答案写在题中横线上)(1)曲线的斜渐近线方程为。

【答案】【解析】所以斜渐近线方程为。

综上所述,本题正确答案是。

【考点】高等数学—一元函数微分学—函数图形的凹凸性、拐点及渐近线(2)微分方程满足的解为。

【答案】【解析】原方程等价于所以通解为将代入可得综上所述,本题正确答案是。

【考点】高等数学—常微分方程—一阶线性微分方程(3)设函数,单位向量,则。

【答案】【解析】因为所以综上所述,本题正确答案是。

【考点】高等数学—多元函数微分学—方向导数和梯度(4)设是由锥面与半球面围成的空间区域,是的整个边界的外侧,则。

【答案】。

【解析】综上所述,本题正确答案是。

【考点】高等数学—多元函数积分学—两类曲面积分的概念、性质及计算(5)设均为三维列向量,记矩阵如果,那么。

【答案】2。

【解析】【方法一】【方法二】由于两列取行列式,并用行列式乘法公式,所以综上所述,本题正确答案是2。

【考点】线性代数—行列式—行列式的概念和基本性质,行列式按行(列)展开定理(6)从数中任取一个数,记为,再从中任一个数,记为,则。

【答案】。

【解析】【方法一】先求出的概率分布,因为是等可能的取,故关于的边缘分布必有,而只从中抽取,又是等可能抽取的概率为所以即:X Y12341000200304所以【方法二】1综上所述,本题正确答案是。

【考点】概率论与数理统计—多维随机变量及其分布—二维离散型随机变量的概率分布、边缘分布和条件分布二、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题4分,满分32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。

)(7)设函数,则(A)处处可导 (B)恰有一个不可导点 (C)恰有两个不可导点 (D)恰有三个不可导点 【答案】C 。

【解析】 由知由的表达式和其图像可知在处不可导,在其余点均可导。

综上所述,本题正确答案是C 。

【考点】高等数学—一元函数微分学—导数和微分的概念 (8)设是连续函数的一个原函数,表示的充分必要条件是,则必有(A)是偶函数是奇函数 (B)是奇函数是偶函数 (C)是周期函数是周期函数 (D)是单调函数是单调函数【答案】A 。

真题考试:2021 高等数学(一)真题及答案(5)

真题考试:2021 高等数学(一)真题及答案(5)

真题考试:2021 高等数学(一)真题及答案(5)共62道题1、函数y=2x+1的反函数是:(单选题)A. y=x/2+1/2B. y=x/2-1/2C. y=x/2+1D. y=x/2-1试题答案:B2、下列函数中为奇函数的是:(单选题)A. (1+x²)/(1-x²)B. sin(x²)C. (e<sup>x</sup>-e<sup>-x</sup>)/2D. |x|试题答案:C3、若曲线y=x-e x在点(x0,y0)处的切线斜率为0,则切点(x0,y0)是:(单选题)A. (1,1-e)B. (-1,-1-e<sup>-1</sup>)<br />C. (0,1)D. (0,-1)试题答案:D4、A. cos(ax²+b)B. cos(at²+b)C. sin(ax²+b)D. sin(at²+b)试题答案:C5、若曲线y=x-e x在点(x0,y0)处的切线斜率为0,则切点(x0,y0)是:(单选题)A. (1,1-e)B. (-1,-1-e<sup>-1</sup>)<br />C. (0,1)D. (0,-1)试题答案:D6、设函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上连续,则下列等式正确的是:(单选题)A.B.C.D.试题答案:A7、函数y=x5+1在定义域内:(单选题)A. 单调增加B. 单调减少C. 不增不减D. 有增有减8、极限=(单选题)A. 0B. 1C. eD. +∞试题答案:B9、下列函数中为奇函数的是:(单选题)A. (1+x²)/(1-x²)B. sin(x²)C. (e<sup>x</sup>-e<sup>-x</sup>)/2D. |x|试题答案:C10、函数y=2x+1的反函数是:(单选题)A. y=x/2+1/2B. y=x/2-1/2C. y=x/2+1D. y=x/2-1试题答案:B11、设函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上可导,且f'(x)<0,>0,则在[a,b]上: (单选题)A. f(x)>0B. f(x)<0C. f(x)=0D. f(x)的值有正有负试题答案:A12、当x→0时,下列变量中与tan(x2)等价的无穷小量是:(单选题)A. xB. 2xC. x</span><sup>2D. 2x<sup>2</sup><br />试题答案:C13、设函数f(x)=x2,g(x)=tanx,则当x→0时,(单选题)A. f(x)是比g(x)高阶的无穷小量B. f(x)是比g(x)低阶的无穷小量C. f(x)是比g(x)是同阶无穷小量,但不是等价无穷小量D. f(x)是比g(x)是等价无穷小量试题答案:A14、下列无穷限反常积分收敛的是:(单选题)A.B.C.D.试题答案:A15、下列各式中正确的是:(单选题)A.B.C.D.试题答案:D16、设函数z=sin(2x+3y),则全微分dz|(0,0)= (单选题)A. dx+dyB. 2dx+2dyC. 3dx+2dyD. 2dx+3dy试题答案:D17、设函数z=ln(x+y2), 则全微分dz= (单选题)A. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (dx+2ydy)B. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (2dx+dy)C. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (2xdx+dy)D. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (dx+2dy)试题答案:A18、下列各式中正确的是:(单选题)A.B.C.D.试题答案:D19、函数y=2x2 -4x +1的单调增加区间是: (单选题)A. (-∞,-1]B. (-∞,1]C. [-1,+∞)D. [1,+∞)试题答案:D20、函数y=x5+1在定义域内:(单选题)A. 单调增加B. 单调减少C. 不增不减D. 有增有减试题答案:A21、不定积分∫(x2cosx)'dx= (单选题)A. 2xcosx-x<sup>2</sup>sinx+C<br />B. 2xcosx-x<sup>2</sup>sinx<br />C. x<sup>2</sup>cosx+C<br />D. x<sup>2</sup>cosx<br />试题答案:C22、设函数f(x,y)=y1nx+x2,则¶f/¶x|(2,-2)= (单选题)A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3试题答案:D(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:C24、函数的定义域是:(单选题)A. (-∞,-1]B. [1,+∞)C. [-1,1]D. (-∞,-1]U[1,+∞)试题答案:D25、方程x²+x-6=0的根是:(单选题)A. x=-2, x=3B. x=2, x=-3C. x=2, x=3D. x=-2, x=-3试题答案:B26、(单选题)A. AB. BD. D试题答案:C27、当x→0时,下列变量中与tan(x2)等价的无穷小量是:(单选题)A. xB. 2xC. x</span><sup>2D. 2x<sup>2</sup><br />试题答案:C28、设∫f(x)dx=sin2x+C,则f(0)= (单选题)A. 2B. 1/2C. -1/2D. -2试题答案:A29、设函数f(x,y)=y1nx+x2,则¶f/¶x|(2,-2)= (单选题)A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3试题答案:D30、设函数z=sin(2x+3y),则全微分dz|(0,0)= (单选题)A. dx+dyB. 2dx+2dyC. 3dx+2dyD. 2dx+3dy试题答案:D31、函数y=(x-2)/(x2-3x+2)的间断点是: (单选题)A. x=1,x=-2B. x=-1,x=2C. x=-1,x=-2D. x=1,x=2试题答案:D32、设函数z=ln(x+y2), 则全微分dz= (单选题)A. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (dx+2ydy)B. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (2dx+dy)C. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (2xdx+dy)D. 1/(x+y<sup>2</sup>) (dx+2dy)试题答案:A33、(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:B34、某产品的成本函数C(Q)=20+2Q+1/2Q²,则Q=298时的边际成本为: (单选题)A. 100B. 200C. 300D. 400试题答案:C35、设函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上可导,且f'(x)<0,>0,则在[a,b]上: (单选题)A. f(x)>0B. f(x)<0C. f(x)=0D. f(x)的值有正有负试题答案:A36、微分方程sinxdx+cosydy=0的通解为:(单选题)A. cosy+sinx=CB. cosy-sinx=CC. siny+cosx=CD. siny-cosx=C试题答案:D37、设函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上连续,则下列等式正确的是:(单选题)A.B.C.D.试题答案:A38、下列函数中在点x=0处导数不存在的是:(单选题)A. y=sinxB. y=tanxC. y=x<sup>1/3</sup>D. y=2<sup>x</sup>试题答案:C39、若极限,则常数k=(单选题)A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4试题答案:B40、(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:D41、方程x²+x-6=0的根是:(单选题)A. x=-2, x=3B. x=2, x=-3C. x=2, x=3D. x=-2, x=-3试题答案:B42、(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:B43、下列函数中在点x=0处导数不存在的是:(单选题)A. y=sinxB. y=tanxC. y=x<sup>1/3</sup>D. y=2<sup>x</sup>试题答案:C44、不定积分∫(x2cosx)'dx= (单选题)A. 2xcosx-x<sup>2</sup>sinx+C<br />B. 2xcosx-x<sup>2</sup>sinx<br />C. x<sup>2</sup>cosx+C<br />D. x<sup>2</sup>cosx<br />试题答案:C45、若极限,则常数k=(单选题)A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4试题答案:B46、(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:A47、某产品的成本函数C(Q)=20+2Q+1/2Q²,则Q=298时的边际成本为: (单选题)A. 100B. 200C. 300D. 400试题答案:C48、微分方程sinxdx+cosydy=0的通解为:(单选题)A. cosy+sinx=CB. cosy-sinx=CC. siny+cosx=CD. siny-cosx=C试题答案:D49、若f'(x)=x1/2,则f(x)=A. 2/3x<sup>2/3</sup>+CB. 3/2x<sup>2/3</sup>+CC. 2/3x<sup>3/2</sup>+CD. 3/2x<sup>3/2</sup>+C试题答案:C50、设∫f(x)dx=sin2x+C,则f(0)= (单选题)A. 2B. 1/2C. -1/2D. -2试题答案:A51、(单选题)A. cos(ax²+b)B. cos(at²+b)C. sin(ax²+b)D. sin(at²+b)试题答案:C52、微分方程2ydy-dx=0的通解为:(单选题)A.B.C. y²=-x+C试题答案:D53、已知x=0是函数y=asinx+1/3sin3x的驻点,则常数a= (单选题)A. -2B. -1C. 0D. 1试题答案:B54、曲线y=xe x+1在点(0,1)处的切线方程为(单选题)A. y=1B. y=xC. y=x+1D. y=x-1试题答案:C55、设函数y=x2+e2x,则二阶导数y"=2+2e2x(单选题)A. 2+2e<sup>2</sup><sup>x</sup>B. 2+4e<sup>2</sup><sup>x</sup>C. 2x+2e<sup>2</sup><sup>x</sup>D. 2x+4e<sup>2</sup><sup>x</sup>试题答案:B56、函数y=2x2 -4x +1的单调增加区间是: (单选题)A. (-∞,-1]B. (-∞,1]D. [1,+∞)试题答案:D57、若f'(x)=x1/2,则f(x)=(单选题)A. 2/3x<sup>2/3</sup>+CB. 3/2x<sup>2/3</sup>+CC. 2/3x<sup>3/2</sup>+CD. 3/2x<sup>3/2</sup>+C试题答案:C58、设函数f(x)=x2,g(x)=tanx,则当x→0时,(单选题)A. f(x)是比g(x)高阶的无穷小量B. f(x)是比g(x)低阶的无穷小量C. f(x)是比g(x)是同阶无穷小量,但不是等价无穷小量D. f(x)是比g(x)是等价无穷小量试题答案:A59、曲线y=xe x+1在点(0,1)处的切线方程为(单选题)A. y=1B. y=xC. y=x+1D. y=x-1试题答案:C60、函数的定义域是:(单选题)B. [1,+∞)C. [-1,1]D. (-∞,-1]U[1,+∞) 试题答案:D61、(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:A62、(单选题)A. AB. BC. CD. D试题答案:D。

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2006年4月二级C语言笔试真题及答案一、选择题1)下列选项中不属于结构化程序设计方法的是A) 自顶向下B)逐步求精C)模块化D)可复用2)两个或两个以上模块之间关联的紧密程度称为A)耦合度B)内聚度C)复杂度D)数据传输特性3)下列叙述中正确的是A)软件测试应该由程序开发者来完成B)程序经调试后一般不需要再测试C)软件维护只包括对程序代码的维护D)以上三种说法都不对4)按照“后进先出”原则组织数据的数据结构是A)队列B)栈C)双向链表D)二叉树5)下列叙述中正确的是A)线性链表是线性表的链式存储结构B)栈与队列是非线性结构C)双向链表是非线性结构D)只有根结点的二叉树是线性结构*****6)对如下二叉树进行后序遍历的结果为A) ABCDEF B) DBEAFC C) ABDECF D) DEBFCA7)在深度为7的满二叉树中,叶子结点的个数为A)32 B)31 C)64 D)638)“商品”与“顾客”两个实体集之间的联系一般是A)一对一B)一对多C)多对一D)多对多9)在E-R图中,用来表示实体的图形是A)矩形B)椭圆形C)菱形D)三角形10)数据库DB,数据库系统DBS,数据库管理系统DBMS之间的关系是A)DB包含DBS和DBMS B)DBMS包含DB和DBS C)DBS包含DB和DBMS D)没有任何关系11)以下不合法的用户标识符是A)j2_KEY B)Double C) 4d D) _8_12)以下不合法的数值常量是A)011 B)lel C) 8.0 E0.5 D) 0xabcd13)以下不合法的字符常量是A)'\018'B '\”' C) '\\' D) …\xcc'14)表达式3.6-5/2+1.2+5%2的值是A)4.3 B) 4.8 C) 3.3 D) 3.815)以下能正确定义字符串的语句是A)char str[]={…\064'}; B) char str=”\x43”; C) char str=”; D) char str[]=”\0”;16)以下数组定义中错误的是A) int x[][3]={0}; B) int x[2][3]={{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}; C) nt x[][3]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}; D)int x[2][3]={1,2,3,4,5,6}; 17)若要求从键盘读入含有空格字符的字符串,应使用函数A)getc() B) gets() C) getchar() D) scanf()18) 下四个程序中,完全正确的是A)#include B)#include C) #include D) includemain(); main() main() main() {/*programming*/ {/*/programming/*/ {/*/*programming*/*/ {/*programming*/ printf(“programming!\n”); } printf(“programming!\n”);}printf(“programming!\n”);} printf(“programming!\n”);} 19)若有定义:float x=1.5; int a=1,b=3,c=2;则正确的switch语句是A)switch(x) B) switch((int)x);C) switch(a+b) D) switch(a+b){case 1.0: printf(“*\n”); {case 1: printf(“*\n”); { case 1: printf(“*\n”); {case 1: printf(*\n”);Case 2.0: printf(“**\n”); } case 2: printf(“**\n”);} case 2+1: printf(“**\n”);} case c: printf(“**\n”);}20)若各选项中所用变量已正确定义,函数fun中通过return语句返回一个函数值,以下选项中错误的程序是A)main() B) float fun(int a,int b){……} C)float fun(int,int); D) main(){……x=fun(2,10);……} main() main() { float fun(int i,int j);float fun(int a,int b){……} {……x=fun(i,j);……} {……x=fun(2,10);……} ……x=fun(i,j);……} float fun(int a,int b){……} float fun(int a,intb){……}21)在以下给出的表达式中,与while(E)中的(E)不等价的表达式是A)(!E=0)B) (E>0||E<0) C) (E==0 D) (E!=0)22)要求通过while循环不断读入字符,当读入字母N 时结束循环。

若变量已正确定义,以下正确的程序段是A)while((ch=getchar())!='N') printf(“%c”,ch);B)while(ch=getchar()!='N') printf(“%c”,ch);C)while(ch=getchar()==N') printf(“%c”,ch); D)while((ch=getchar())=='N') printf(“%c”,ch);23)已定义以下函数int fun(int *p){return *p;}fun 函数返回值是A)不确定的值B)一个整数C)形参p中存放的值D)形参p的地址值24)若有说明语句:double *p,a;则能通过scanf语句正确给输入项读入数据的程序段是A)*p=&a; scanf(“%lf”,p); B)*p=&a; scanf(“%f”,p); C) p=&a; scanf(“%lf”,*p); D)p=&a; scanf(“%lf”,p);25)现有以下结构体说明和变量定义,如图所示,, 指针p,q,r分别指向一个链表中连续的三个结点。

struct nodechar data;struct node *next;}*p,*q,*r;现要将q和r所指结点交换前后位置,同时要保持链表的连续,以下不能完成此操作的语句是A)q->next=r->next; p->next=r; r->next=q; B) p->next=r; q->next=r->next; r-.next=q;C) q->next=r->next; r->next=q; p->next=r; D) r->next=q; p-next=r; q-next=r->next;26)有以下程序段struct st{ int x; int *y;}*pt:int a[]={1,2},b[]={3,4};struct st c[2]={10,a,20,b};pt=c;以下选项中表达式的值为11的是A) *pt->y B) pt->x C) ++pt->x D) (pt++)->x27)设fp为指向某二进制文件的指针,且已读到此文件末尾,则函数feof(fp)的返回值为A)EOF B)非0值C) 0 D)NULL28)设有以下语句int a=1,b=2,c;c=a^(b<<2);执行后,c的值为A)6 B)7 C)8 D)929)有以下程序#includemain(){charc1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6;scanf(“%c%c%c%c”,&c1,&c2,&c3,&c 4);c5=getchar(); c6=getchar();putchar(c1); putchar(c2); printf(“%c%c\n”,c5,c6);}程序运行后,若从键盘输入(从第1列开始)123<回车>45678<回车>则输出结果是A)1267 B)1256C)1278D)124530)若有以下程序main(){int y=10;while(y- -); printf(“y=%d\n”y);}程序运行后的输出结果是A)y=0 B)y=-1 C) y=1 D)while构成无限循环31)有以下程序main(){int a=0,b=0,c=0,d=0;if(a=1) b=1;c=2;else d=3;printf(“%d,%d,%d,%d\n”,a,b,c,d);}程序输出A)0,1,2,0 B) 0,0,0,3 C)1,1,2,0 D)编译有错32)有以下程序main(){int i,j,x=0;for(i=0;i<2;i++){ x++;for(j=0;j<=3;j++){if(j%2) continue;x++;}x++;}printf(“x=%d\n”,x);}程序执行后的输出结果是A)x=4 B) x=8 C) x=6 D) x=1233)有以下程序int fun1(duoble a){return a*=a;}int fun2(dpuble x,double y){double a=0,b=0;a=fun1(x); b=fun1(y); return (int)(a+b);}main(){double w; w=fu n2(1.1,2.0);……}程序执行后变量w中的值是A)5.21 B) 5 C) 5.0 D) 0.034)有以下程序main() {int i,t[][3]={9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1};for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf(“%d”,t[2-i][i]);} 程序的执行后的输出结果是A)7 5 3 B)3 5 7 C)3 6 9 D)7 5 1 35)有以下程序fun(char p[][10]){int n=0,i;for(i=0;i<7;i++)if(p[i][0]=='T') n++;return n;}main(){char str[][10]={“Mon”, “Tue”, “Wed”, “Thu”,”Fri”,”Sat”,”Sun”};printf(“%d\n”,fun(str));}程序执行后的输出结果是A)1 B)2 C)3 D)036有以下程序main(){int i,s=0,t[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};for(i=0;i<9;i+=2) s+=*(t+i);printf(“%d\n”,s);}程序执行后的输出结果是A)45 B)20 C)25 D)3637)有以下程序void fun1(char *p){char *q;q=p;while(*q!='\0'){ (*q)++; q++; }}main(){ char a[]={“Program”},*p;p=&a[3]; fun1(p); printf(“%s\n”,a);}程序执行后的输出结果是A)P rohsbn B)Prphsbn C)Progsbn D)Program38)有以下程序void swap(char *x,char *y){char t;t=*x; *x=*y; *y=t;}main(){char *s1=”abc”,*s2=”123”;swap(s1,s2); printf(“%s,%s\n”,s1,s2);}程序执行后的输出结果是A)123,abc B) abc,123 C)1bc,a23 D) 321,cba39)有以下程序int fun(int n){if(n==1) return 1;elsereturn (n+fun(n-1));}main(){int x;scanf(“%d”,&x); x=fun(x); printf(“%d\n”,x);}程序执行时,给变量x输入10,程序的输出结果是A)55 B) 54 C) 65 D) 4540)有以下程序int fun(int x[],int n){static int sum=0,i;for(i=0;i sum+=x[i];return sum;}main(){inta[]={1,2,3,4,5},b[]={6,7,8,9},s=0;s=fun(a,5)+fun(b,4); printf(“%d\n”,s);}程序执行后的输出结果是A)45 B)50 C)60 D)55 41)有以下程序main(){union {char ch[2];int d;}s;s.d=0x4321;printf(“%x,%x\n”,s.ch[0],s.ch[1]);} 在16位编译系统上,程序执行后的输出结果是A)21,43 B)43,21 C)43,00 D)21,0042)有以下程序main(){char *p[]={“3697”,”2584”};int i,j; long num=0;for(i=0;i<2;i++){j=0;while(p[i][j]!='\0'){ if((p[i][j]-…0')%2)num=10*num+p[i][j]-…0';j+=2;} }printf(“%d\n”num);}程序执行后的输出结果是A)35 B)37 C)39 D)397543)执行以下程序后,test.txt文件的内容是(若文件能正常打开)#includemain(){FILE *fp;char *s1=”Fortran”,*s2=”Basic”;if((fp=fopen(“test.txt”,”wb”))==NULL){ printf(“Can't open test.txt file\n”); exit(1);}fwrite(s1,7,1,fp); /*把从地址s1开始的7个字符写到fp 所指文件中*/fseek(fp,0L,SEEK_SET); /*文件位置指针移到文件开头*/fwrite(s2,5,1,fp);fclose(fp);} A)Basican B)BasicFortran C)BasicD)FortranBasic44)以下叙述中错误的是A)C语言源程序经编译后生成后缀为.obj的目标程序B)C语言经过编译、连接步骤之后才能形成一个真正可执行的二进制机器指令文件C)用C语言编写的程序称为源程序,它以ASCII代码形式存放在一个文本文件中D)C语言的每条可执行语句和非执行语句最终都将被转换成二进制的机器指令45)以下叙述中错误的是A)算法正确的程序最终一定会结束B)算法正确的程序可以有零个输出C)算法正确的程序可以有零个输入D)算法正确的程序对于相同的输入一定有相同的结果46)以下叙述中错误的是A)C程序必须由一个或一个以上的函数组成B)函数调用可以作为一个独立的语句存在C)若函数有返回值,必须通过return语句返回D)函数形参的值也可以传回对应的实参47)设有以下定义和语句char str[20]=”Program”,*p;p=str;则以下叙述中正确的是A)*p与str[0]中的值相等B)str与p的类型完全相同C)str数组长度和p 所指向的字符串长度相等D)数组str中存放的内容和指针变量p中存放的内容相同48)以下叙述中错误的是A)C程序中的#include和#define行均不是C语句B)除逗号运算符外,赋值运算符的优先级最低C)C程序中,j++;是赋值语句D)C程序中,+、-、*、/、%号是算术运算符,可用于整型和实型数的运算49)以下叙述中正确的是A)预处理命令行必须位于C源程序的起始位置B)在C语言中,预处理命令行都以“#”开头C)每个C程序必须在开头包括预处理命令行:#include D)C语言的预处理不能实现宏定义和条件编译的功能50)以下叙述中错误的是A)可以通过typedef增加新的类型B)可以用typedef将已存在的类型用一个新的名字来代表C)用typedef定义新的类型名后,原有类型名仍有效D)用typedef可以为各种类型起别名,但不能为变量起别名二:填空题(每空2分,共40分)1)对长度为10的线性表进行冒泡排序,最坏情况下需要比较的次数为_______[1]________。

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