从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁晚年的爱情观

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奥斯丁的《劝导》及其婚恋观

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奥斯丁的导》及其婚恋观
卜义ｌｉ

内浆人学外… 学院
摘
要：简・奥斯丁是￣Ｉ－ｉｄ；－在十八世纪末剑十九世纪初非常并的女性作家。她的作品土婴以Ｊｅ乡ｆＪＩ活为腿十才．ｍ绕彤形色
色的人们展，Ｉ：描写：其作一ｕＩ主题多是关于年轻女ｉｆＪ￣＇，Ｊ爱情。这些作・Ｉｆ，不ｆ｝Ｉ继承丫传统的现实主义．ｒＬ也带来丫－ｔ一）Ｌｌｉｔｆｉ，＇０：Ｊ现实主义的高潮，为英囡十７Ｌ世纪早期的文学吹来了一阵清新的风。所有这些都对英国文学历史的发展：生意义：ｔｒＪ，ｋ的影响。《劝导》是奥斯丁最后一部完整的长篇小说。在小说中，她描述了一位几近完美的女性，美丽博学的安妮・艾略特，以及她与温特沃斯之间的爱情故事。水论文主要通过作品探讨奥斯丁的婚恋观及其形成原因。关键词：舆斯丁：婚姻观：劝导
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从_理智与情感_和_劝导_看理性与感情的选择

摘要：《理智与情感》和《劝导》都是英国女作家简·奥斯汀的作品，都以爱情婚姻为主题。

随着奥斯汀年龄的增长和社会的变迁，她对爱情和婚姻有了深入的思考和新的认识。

从其第一部小说《理智与情感》到最后一部小说《劝导》，作者的态度发生了改变，由强调理性到选择感情，反映了她婚姻观的变化。

关键词：简·奥斯汀；理性；感情；婚姻观一、小说创作的历史背景简·奥斯汀出生在英国的一个牧师家庭，过着祥和、小康的乡居生活。

奥斯汀小说中描写的大多是她熟悉的生活场景，如中上层阶级间的宴会，散步等社交休闲活动，以及邻里间的闲话，这些看似生活中的琐事都深刻地反映当时的社会现实。

而她最关心的是如何为她笔下的女主人公找到满意的归宿。

二、从《理智与情感》到《劝导》爱情观和婚姻观的变化《理智与情感》和《劝导》都涉及婚姻爱情中理性与感情之间的矛盾。

但在对理性与感情的选择上却体现出截然不同的态度。

在《理智与情感》中，奥斯汀强调了理智的重要性。

她描述了两位女主人公埃莉诺和玛丽安的对立性格。

姐姐埃莉诺是理智的代表，做事成熟谨慎；而妹妹玛丽安则是感情的代表，主观、浪漫和冲动的个性使得她依靠直觉和事情的表面去做判断。

对感情和理智的不同处理方法，导致了她们对立的爱情观。

在同样遭遇爱人的离开和背叛的时候，埃莉诺虽然非常痛苦，可还保持着理智。

特别是在听到露西向她故意说已经和爱德华订婚四年的时候，埃莉诺心里异常的惊讶和痛苦，可她顶住了感情的压力。

她非常有见识，遇事冷静，懂得如何控制自己的感情，这样的性格和气质给予她智慧和力量，在这个现实的社会里寻找到自己的幸福，也帮助了她的家人。

而她的妹妹玛丽安却不同，虽然她热恋着威洛比，却没有理智地思考她和威洛比之间感情的问题，也没有很好地去了解她所爱的人。

威洛比虚有其表，好吃懒做，最终抛弃玛丽安而娶了富家小姐。

玛丽安在这残酷现实的打击之下，沉迷于爱情的幻象当中，自暴自弃。

由于她过于注重自己的感情，没有看到威洛比真实的一面，差点让过于丰富的感情淹没了自己的理智。

读后感《劝导》

《劝导persuasion》简·奥斯汀最后一部最完整作品，故事发生在十九世纪的英国女主角安妮Anne是从男爵的第二女，在十九岁那年与青年温特沃思Wentworth相恋并到订婚时候，但这婚姻却遭到家庭同拉塞尔夫人Lady Russell（母亲生前的密友）的反对，父亲与姐姐都是贪慕虚荣的人，对于这个一无所有的青年更是看不起而拉塞尔夫人则认为一无所有的青年给不了幸福安妮…再经过几番的劝导…安妮与温特沃思分手，除了自私外安妮更关注温特沃思的前途…温特沃思认为被迫中断婚姻而遭到侮辱愤然离开一晃就八年，温特沃思做了海军上校并从战争中获得一份可观的财富。

而当年美丽动人的安妮因为爱情弄得憔悴，尽管期间有人求婚且家世不错但都遭到安妮的拒绝，因为她清楚她的心只属于那个人。

在机缘巧合下，两人再次遇上，但两人都当对方是一个熟识的朋友但却不想有过多的接触，在相同的朋友圈中不可避免地一次又一次碰面，那时温特沃思正在追求安妮的妹妹的丈夫的妹妹，安妮亦在祝福他们，可是时间却让温特沃思认识到安妮并不是他想的那样，她是温文尔雅，识大体有气质的女子与他当年分手前一样！后来两人深知对方还钟情于自己，温特沃思再也按捺不住向安妮表白…因为温特沃思现在身份地位财富都有了，再也无什么理由可以阻挡他们了…最后大团圆结局！我觉得小说有少少弊端，例如易路莎出事时，温特沃思当时表现手足无措不知如何是好，而一个无么见过大世面的安妮却表现镇定并主持局面，一位海军上校不知面对多少惊险场面却对一个普通女子出事而不能应付未免太懦弱了！亦与作者赞扬他的品质有些许折扣，虽然此处场景是赞扬安妮处事冷静使温特沃思重新认识安妮，但却使温特沃思的能力令人大失所望！还有安妮姐姐二十九还未嫁，现在都算迟何况以前？变剩女了！按以前的化妆技术，我不太相信她姐姐还能像十九二十那样打动人！在有些事上亦并无过多的细致描写…兼且剧情有少许像《傲慢与偏见》…女主角的相像，或许这多少有作者本身的影子吧！除了美丽动人的外貌外还有聪明的头脑、善良与善于观察一切！《劝导》的故事比较简单，但从中可以看到好多当时英国的内容，例如英国的礼节，常常要进行访问，什么出游，打猎，水手海军，妇女在家做的无聊活计…以前的生活的确挺枯燥，无无聊聊，消息一家传一家，有时人们虚伪虚荣，能遇上一个真心朋友或者真正的绅士相当之难！但我真正想讨论的是如果你是十九岁的安妮你会如何选择？订婚？那么意味着要阔别几年的时间去等待一个人，也许他不能回家（航海的都有风险）别忘了他是一个一无所有的人！这样安妮并没有安全感！分手？也许你会遇上另一个门当户对的人，也许时间会让你忘掉他！但最后安妮还是忘不了他，我认为再给安妮一次机会，若是我我会选择订婚，至少有那么一个人可以期待…但换着今天，男的一无所有，不用出海，你会如何选择，在家庭的劝导下，你会继续和安妮一样选择吗？裸婚？蜗居？你害怕吗？我认为一无所有的男至少有学识或者积极同有计划，很重要！就好像温特沃思，当年他一无所有但他却有计划并相信几年后会好起来！没有保障的生活，不会是幸福的！某人说过经济是基础，没有经济作为基础，很难维系一段感情至少爱情不能当饭吃！以前女的依靠丈夫在家当主妇，现在有职业女性，是祸是福？嗯，现实生活中有好多劝导，通常人们为你好而劝你，但并不是所有的劝导都适合自己，当然大人们相当我们有更多的经历或者阅历，不能把他们的劝导当耳边风！。

分析简奥斯汀在《劝导》中的婚恋观

摘要简·奥斯汀是英国著名的女小说家,一生共发表了6部长篇小说。

《傲慢和偏见》是她最著名的小说,而《劝告》是她最后一部小说。

尽管《劝告》并没有《傲慢与偏见》一样受到众多学者和读者的关注,但是很多学者认为《劝告》中的安妮是奥斯汀所塑造的众多女性中最完美的。

本文简要分析了作者在这部小说中与众不同的婚恋观。

本文首先介绍了作者生活的时代背景，接着本文重点分析了作品中女主人公安妮，上尉以及小说中其它次要人物的婚恋观，进而总结出作者奥斯丁在这部小说中所表达的婚恋观。

作者晚年的婚恋观和之前的婚恋观有很大的改变，在这部小说中，她主张真爱是婚姻的基础，金钱和社会地位不是婚姻中的重要因素。

了解这些婚恋观可以帮助读者了解当时的社会背景和社会变化，对现代年轻人仍有启发意义。

关键词：安妮；婚恋观；真爱；金钱AbstractJane Austin is a well-know female British novelist, who publishes 6 long novels in her life.Pride and Prejudice is her masterpiece and Persuasion is her last novel. Although Persuasion is not paid much attention to like Pride and Prejudice, many scholars think Anne in Persuasion is the most perfect female image Austin shapes. The paper is to analyze the author’s different views on love an d marriage in this novel. Then, it firstly indicates life experience of the author and the main content of Persuasion. Then this paper analyzes the Anne and Captain and the other minor characters’ views on love and marriage before conclusion of the author’s views on love and marriage, which has been changed greatly as that of before. Thought this novel, she advocates that true love is the basis for marriage but not the money and social status. The better understanding of these views on love and marriage can make readers know more about the social background and changes, as well as implication for modern young people.Key words: Anne; views on love and marriage; true love; moneyContentsAbstract(Chinese ) (i)Abstract (English) (ii)Contents (iii)1.0 Introduction (1)2.0 The Introduction of the Author and the W orks (2)2.1 Social Background (2)2.2 About the Author and the Works (3)3.0 The Author’s Views on Love and Marriage in this Novel (4)3.1 The Heroine Anne Eliot’s Love Process (4)3.2 Anne Eliot’s Love Views (4)3.2.1 New Type of Views on Marriage and Marriage Mode (4)3.2.2 Focus on True Love but not the Social Status and Money (5)3.3 Captain Frederick Wentworth’s love views (7)3.3.1 Believing in True Love (7)3.3.2 Fighting for the True Love (8)3.4 Anne Eliot’s Parents and other Relatives’ Love views (9)3.5 Reflection of the Author’s Views on Love and Marriage (10)4. Conclusion (11)Acknowledgements (13)References (14)Appendix: Thesis Proposal1.0 IntroductionJane Austen is one of the brightest superstars in the long history of the English literature who plays an important role in English literature and her novel is a mirror of middle-class. In her novel she is interested in the study of human beings in their relations with other people in daily life, and particularly preoccupied with the relationship between male and female. During her life she wrote six novels, only four appeared in her lifetime: Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma. Northanger Abbey and Persuasion came out after her death, and the other two novels were left unfinished.The famous novel Persuasion is one of Jane Austen’s works. Austen completes Persuasion in 1816.In the late of 18th century, the industrial revolution happened in Britain and the feudal power exit the stage of history. From the prospective of women, Austen tells a story that the female pursue love from being passive to being active. From the perspective of the main actor, Anne, she expresses the awakening of female consciousness. As the deepening of industrial revolution, her opinion to landlord class makes very big change. Austen heavily criticizes Wentworth who represents the declining aristocrat. And Anne also expresses mixed love-hated feeling and helpless to him. At that moment, women’s rights thought and female consciousness in European society were in the bud. Some books exploring female consciousness also successively appeared which caused great waves in comparatively conservative Britain at that time and aroused people’s attention to women’s issue. Women writers usually leave their own desire and ideal in their works. In Persuasion, after going through eight-year feeling’s suffering, Anne strives for her own happiness to make her lover return to her arms and obtain happiness. Austen seemingly illustrates to readers: the female needs to do actively to win not just passively wait others’ alms, which fully shows the awakening of female consciousness in Austen’s works. In addition, the author wants to express her different views on love and marriage through this novel and the love story between the hero and the heroine, which is the main content discussed in this study.Recent decades, researches on Jane Austen have even evaded China and a lot of papers on Austen have appeared in some important journals. There are many academic research books on the study of Jane Austen abroad. These books are mainly collections of papers of Austen. For example, Maggie Lane published Austen’s world (1996);Helen Lefroy wrote Jane Austen; Deirdre Le Faye published Jane Austen A Family Record (2002); Kathryn Sutherland edited A Memoir of Jane Austen and Other Family Recollections (2004). Besides, in Fergus’s The Art of Fiction, the author discussed the writing art in Austen’s novels. In addition, th ere are many scholars making their studies on one of her famous works Sense and Sensibility. Besides, there are many scholars making their studies on this novel and the marriage as well as the author’s views on marriage and love. For example, the scholar Wu Weiren(1988) makes a study on the views of marriage from Jane Austin in this novel and she analyzes the views on marriage and the significance in the real life from the historical sociology perspective. On the basis these formers studies on the author and her views on marriage and love, this paper tries to explore Jane Austen’s such view on marriage in her novel Persuasion. Before entering into the main part of the paper, the background of the novel will be firstly introduced in order to the better understanding of the further discussion in this study.2.0 The Introduction of the Author and the WorksThe author Jane Austen lived in the certain social background, which influences her writing in her novel Persuasion. Therefore, it is necessary to understand more about the social background and author as well as her works.2.1 Social BackgroundThe era of Jane Austen living in (1775—1817) is exactly the end of the 18th century and the starting of the 19th century. At that time, Britain is in great turbulence and revolution period. Internationally, people witness French Revolution and Napoleon’s ups and downs and experience American Revolution and the war between America and Britain and the war between Britain and France. In addition, there is the war between Spain and Netherlands. There into, the war between Britain and Franc last 20 years. Y ears of war make people fall into great disaster and suffering. Domestically, broad masses fall into bankruptcy position for the expropriation of land, as a result of increasingly sharp social contradiction stimulated by industrial revolution. With formation of British working class, labor movement also gradually spring up. “Series of changes all make Austen strongly feel that the governance foundation of noble landlord class is shaken and be finally replaced,” (Edward, 1997:24) which heavily influences her late outlook on life and creative thinking. The great change of social lifeand political life in Britain also directly influences literary trend of thought at that time. In that time, some writers gradually casted off fetter of rationalistic and began to reflect ordinary people’s mood in their work. They set their worship to emotion and enthusiasm against the rationalists’ worship to ration. They think that emotion and enthusiasm are heartfelt performances. In the early of the 19th century, romantic thought arises at the historic moment. They reflect the desire of Bourgeois democratic class and express ordinary people’s aspiration to social justice and ideal in their wo rks.2.2 About the Author and the W orksJane Austen’s novel was published in 1818 when after she has been died for two years and signed her true name. The three works of Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion are written by her after she moves to Chawton. After she dies of sickness, her brother is responsible to publish Northanger Abby and Persuasion with her true name for the first time. Persuasion is her last complete novel. Compared to the previous works, this novel is more profound with deeper sensibility. It is also regarded as the best novel among all her works by many critics. This novel satirizes the hypocritical and snobbish middle class with humor style. This novel has a rigorous structure by the exquisite writing technique. Many descriptions of this novel look ordinary and plain but if you understand in detail, you will feel that this novel is worthy of reading (Y ang Aiying, 2011).In this novel, the heroine Anne lives in a father-centered society. Her father, Walter has hereditary title of nobility living in the Somersetshire. He is the representative in the father-centered society. He has a supreme statue in his family among his three daughters and his wife. The female members in his her family thinks highly of her father. However, her father pays less attention to Anne and cares her about less than the other two daughters. Annie’s suggestion is less important in her family. Her easiness can be sacrificed by her family. Her father does not depend on her marrying a person in the wealthy family because he thinks that Anne has no such potential to have that bright further. It can be seen that the relationship between Anne father and Anne is not good. Being in the weak position in her family, Anne is not very important from her sisters’ and father’s view of point. This reflects she tries her best to be against the father-centered society represented by her father. Walter is flamboyant and hypocritical. He neglects the counterforce of the feminist represented by Annie.Anne has no right to speak in her family. She is in the edge just as thousands of women in the eighteenth century. As Rousseau puts that women always belong to men and the views of men and the most important and primary of women is docile. These concepts are rooted in British society at that time. The description of Walter reflects the fighting back to the corrupted thought, which also stands for Annie’s breaking though the father-centered society.3.0 The Author’s Views on Love and Marriage in this NovelIn the novel Persuasion, Jane Austen expresses her unique views on love and marriage which is so different with that in her other novels. Through the couples of lovers, she thinks true love is a must in the marriage.3.1 The Heroine Anne Eliot’s Love ProcessThe heroine Anne has the uncommon love process during a long time. This work tells a winding and torturing love story. Anne Eliot, who is an aristocracy, falls in love with the young military officer Captain Frederick Wentworth and they are engaged. However, Wentworth has neither high social position nor property, so Anne restrains her “untrammeled affection” with “sense” and say goodbye to her lover under the “persuasion” of her father, Sir Walter and the go dmother, Lady Russell. However, the “sensible” action leaves her eight years’ sadness for anything around not able to make her forgetting the pain of losing love (Y ao Lihua, 2004). Although a man with better economic condition make a proposal for her two y ears later, she can’t forget Wentworth to accept other people’s love all along. Eight years later, Anne becomes a disappointed woman who has lost her beauty and soaked in the wordless agony. When Wentworth appears again, she becomes full of vigor again. Sh e put down “prudence” and leaves her affection free. With loyal love through thick and thin, noble quality and selfless and fearless, she wins Wentworth’s love again and they finally get married. The ending of the Persuasion is no doubt expresses the marriage view of the author in her old age: She believes that “affection” should surpass “sense’ and the “romance” should defeat “reality” and stands that the marriage should on the basis of true love.3.2 Anne Eliot’s Love ViewsAnne Eliot is a new woman image with new type of views on marriage and love and she is different from other heroines in the other novels. She thinks it is the truelove but not the social status and money is the essence in the marriage.3.2.1 New Type of Views on Marriage and Marriage ModeHere, it does not mean the equality in social position or family background, but refers to the equality in personality. Through the heroines in Persuasion, it can be seen that Austen’s discontent with differences gender-roles and her struggle for equality between men and women, which is a kind of new type of views on marriage and marriage mode in that time.Anne expresses her love in an implicit way. The scene of her meeting with Wentworth on the street shows Anne is eager for love but is implicit. At that time, Anne is sitting by the window of a shop. She clearly sees Wentworth is coming along the street.In persuasion, Austin modeled a mature heroine image---Anny Eliot for the first time. Anne is kind, smart and mature. To some extent, she is the incarnation of the author. She is fair and gentle full of sympathy and rich affection. She is a character full of many virtues and talents. She is an inner-directed girl and has no prejudice on other things. Although Anne is a Cinderella at the beginning, she wins readers’ recognition with her wisdom and power.Dislike the heroines in the other five novels of Austin, who are attractive at the beginning, Anne is admitted through her outstanding performance by us gradually. “Although she possesses “elegant soul and soft personality”, she is an insignificant little girl in the eyes of her father and older sister. Her opinion is of little importance and her favor is always been left aside.” Therefore, although she is of distinguished birth and outstanding appearance and talent, she losses the deserving property because of her father’s prejudice and wastefulness and becomes a noble Lady without dowry. In addition, owing to her bitter love with Wentworth, she losses the beauty and passion of youth early. It is i n the “Lime Affair” that we truly understand Anne: When the willful Louis jumps in the steep step and falls out in the sidewalk of the wharf, everyone on spot, including Wentworth, is in a blue funk and at a loss. Only Anne is conducting to deal with calmly in her courtesy, which has shown extraordinary sober and courage. From these it can be seen that the author wants to write about the new type of marriage and marriage mode.3.2.2 Focus on True Love but not the Social Status and MoneyAs we know, property is the security of marriage, but if a man gets married purely for money will not be happy. The happy marriage is also based on the love, but marriage cannot only depend on love, at the same time, there should be a certain economic basis to support this marriage. “The social stratum is good, but the status of men and women is not equal, which has an influence on their marriage. At the later of the 18th century, man has the power while woman is obedient to them” (Austin, 1994:63). If the women don’t have e nough dowry, they will not be happy. When they got married, the money they have will be owned by their husbands. That’s why many men like Wentworth would choose wealthy women during Austen’s time. Returning to the novel, most of the people and characters think that wealth and social status but not the true love should be considered in marriage.In this novel, the author wants to focus on the true love but not the social status and economic conditions as her views in the previous novels. In Austen’s exquisi te strokes, readers can always feel Anne’s feeling to Wentworth, a navy captain. In fact, this expresses Anne’s constancy of love. The acquaintance and love of Anne and Wentworth happened far before the starting of the story, which is not hard to imagine for readers. For Anne, she has ever experienced a period of short but unforgettable good time and someone has ever given her real happiness. In the process of talking about navy, she faithfully argues in favor of navy and marines who work hard and offer the name of who wants to rent mansion of Kellynch, Wentworth. Here, readers can feel the delicate feeling to Wentworth. Here, the author wants to emphasize the true love and feelings but not the other additional conditions for the true love. Jane describes ma inly the lovers’ psychological and behavioral factors to show the true love and feeling for each other.“Anne , who had been a most attentive listener to the whole ,left the room , to seek the comfort of cool air for her flushed cheeks; and as she walked along a favorite grove, said, with a gentle sigh,” a few months more, and he, perhaps, may be walking here ”(Austin, 1994:33) .The scene is very strange when Wentworth meets Anne at the party after eight-year separation. They have no word to say and just exchange greetings out of least politeness. The party ends with dance. Anne mechanically plays the piano with glittering tear in her eyes. She feels happy for having something to do and just hope that people wouldn’t notice for ever. In Austen’s novel, pa rty and dance are always fullof comic atmosphere. However, this dance unexpectedly arouses sad memory of Anne. Behind t the boisterousness, it is shrouded by a shadow. This heartfelt sorrow is aroused by Anne’s loyalty to love.In addition, the main part of this novel aims at the description of Anne’s deep love for Wentworth from her words and her deeds. On the morning of December, it is sunny. Anne has a walk with lady Musgrove, Mary, Anne and Charles· Musgrove. On the way, she hears the conversation between Wentworth and Louisa by accident. Anne notices that Wentworth has great interest in that she refuses the proposal of Charles. It is the Wentworth’s interest in her that makes the readers knows it will lead to Wentworth’s observation on Anne. On the way back of his walk, Wentworth takes notice of that Anne is tired. He heads for Anne silently and helps her in the carriage. She understood him. He could not forgive her, but he could not be unfeeling. He could not see her suffer, without the desire of giving her relief. Which she could not contemplate without emotions so compounded of pleasure and pain, that she knew not which prevailed.From the whole scene, this quotation suggests Wentworth’s great passion on Anne and also indicates his over cautiousness. The series of ordinary actions arouse Anne’s imagination and a force of feeling in her inner heart. They do not talk to each other from beginning to end. The ordinary scene also shows Anne’s care for him vividly by writer’s use of smooth flow of the langu age and emotion expression.3.3 Captain Frederick W entworth’s love viewsCaptain Fredrick is the hero of this novel. He and Anne marry in the end of this novel. He also has his own views on love and he believes in the true love.3.3.1 Believing in True LoveAnne has not only rich and profound feelings but also persistent and open-minded character in believing her true love. She has already had some progressive consciousness of modern women and is a respected actress, who is also unmatched by other actres ses in Austen’s previous works. Most importantly, she believes the true love in her life out of the worldly views on love and marriage. Anne loses her mother when she is young and cannot obtain the care of her father and sister. Therefore, she is solitary in her inner world. However, she doesn’t feel dejected for her insignificance. On the contrary, it is the isolation which fosters her persistent will and decisive ability of dealing with affairs and her believing in her true love. This kind of character isreveal fully on the Liam issue. Anne refuses the proposal of Wentworth when she is 19 years old, which leads to the eight-year tough heart road. The frustration of first love makes her sad and consumes her youth, but it steels her will and character and makes her more mature. “Her idea is very different from that of her 19 age when Anne is 27 years old.” (Austen,1994:118)The continual progress of Austin in marriage view not only promotes her shaping out the ideal and realistic heroine, but also an unprecedented hero in Persuasion-- Wentworth, the clever, optimistic and positive young man in middle class. The heroes of Austin are always noble men with fortune and position and most of them are rich by inheritance. However, Wentworth has neither property nor social status initially, so his proposal has been rejected by the snobbish Sir Walter. Fortunately, Wentworth is extraordinary clever and talented, and he possesses man’s abundant energy, strong dedication, optimistic personality and undaunted spirit. So he raises and gains fortune soon in the navy. It is regrettable that he has too shallow understand for woman so that he can’t understand the pain of Anne when she leaving him. It is Anne’s outstanding performance in the Lime Affair that promotes him to making clear that the ideal woman in his heart is just Anne, who is appropriate rigid-flexible and of extraordinary ability. Finally he realizes it is Anne’s noble soul that grasps his heart tightly. The change of Wentworth in his recognition has eliminated the psychological barrier between Anne and him and flattens the road to their marriage. It can be said that their marriage is built on the basis of equity, harmony and interdependence. This marriage relation has never been seen in the Austin’s precedent nov els. The marriage of Anne and Wentworth shows that Austin’s marriage view has developed mature, ideal and realistic.3.3.2 Fighting for the True LoveThe fighting for the true love from Anne can be reflected in that she can foresee her marriage life thus to rationally choose her own marriage and know what kind of husband she wants. In Persuasion, although Austen doesn’t continue to describe actor and actress’s married life, obviously, general Croft couple’s marriage life and family mode have already show us the future of them. Especially Mrs. Croft is a woman with elegant in conversation, gentleness and cleverness. She is a woman image of bold inbreaking through traditional conception in Austen’s novel. “She transcends middle-class women’s category and the female in British bourgeoisie rising period”. (Austin, 1994:57)The emergence of her indicates the married life of Anne. Anne will not be confined to the social intercourse in parlor and dance but rush about everywhere together with her husband and assist her husband’s carrier and life when necessary. Only this, she and her husband can become enviable loving couple like general Croft couple. Austen shows her opinion through describing the marriage life and mode of general Croft. Namely, women as well as men can freely drive the car of life and fate; women and men have equal status in family life and wife can alert and correct husband’s fault at any time but not blindly submit. Only this can constantly maintain the stability of marriage and life. From this, Austen tactfully refutes the idea that men enjoy higher status than women in society at that time. Meanwhile, she also indicates the mature and reasonable of Anne this female character. She wants to get the true love.After their marriage’s failure, the ca ptain Wentworth and Anne separate from each other and even eight years they don’t see. However, they love from the bottom of the heart and they decide waiting for the other lover. Wentworth, the captain will come later. This idea excites Anne’s heart all t he time and her mood cannot maintain calm for a long time. This kind of excitement is beyond restraint and arouses dull pain in her deep heart at the same time. It is needed that how many times walk and sign can eliminate excitement and uneasiness in her heart. The delicate feeling like a trick let straightly in pour reader’s heart. In the novel, Wentworth indirectly and gradually appears and his shadow company Anne all the time. The vivid and exquisite description of Anne’s psychology make readers can real ize the existence of Wentworth and feel his every action. Meanwhile, these also show Anne’s desire to love and that she has bear Wentworth in mind for eight years. In the long time of eight years, both of them don’t marry because their love exists. The cap tain tries to earn more money becoming wealth for the preparation to marry Anne at the same time Anne also waits for him. Both fight for their true love.3.4 Anne Eliot’s Parents and other Relatives’ Love viewsIn addition to the hero and heroine’s true love in this novel, Anne’s parents and other people have the different views on their love and marriage. Firstly, it is Anne’s father, Sir Walter Elliot, who is a baronet with vanity and overconfidence. He likes money and social status and face saving. Eight years ago, when the caption and Anne loves each other, his father and Anne’s god-mother Lady Russell take the objective attitude to their marriage owing to the Captain’s less wealth and lower social status. In addition, Anne’s sister Elizabeth married Charles, a person from the upper society and she holds that women should marry with the men with wealth and social status. She also persuades her sister like this. When Anne wants to marry the captain, Elizabeth is one of the members holding the objective opinions. Another character, Mrs Clay, the poor widow is the daughter of Sir Walter’s lawyer and she wants Walter marrying Anne. She also believes that women and men should look for the husbands or wives with money and social status.From these characters’ views on marriage and love, it can be seen that wealth and social conditions take a key role in marriage in that time.3.5 Reflection of the Author’s Views on Love and MarriageAmong the gentry, Jane Austen is born into the level of society where single women have no status. Jane Austen, just like her character of heroine Anne, she does not hope for the dowry as a parson’s daughter, and she knows that she may be attractive for males, but she has only a slender chance of finding a husband in the fairly restricted circle of friends in Hamshire. Jane Austen is rational, lovely and beautiful; she is always on the look-out for a husband, evaluating each young man who comes to her. She could have sharp comments on the person she has met. It is hard to distinguish between self-protection’s irony and true admiration for her sometimes. Edward Bridges comes to know her in Kent, who is the brother of Jane’s sister-in-law, Elizabeth. He has proposed and has been refused by Jane Austen. Tom Lefory is attracted by Jane Austen, but he jilts her for she is a parson’s daughter without dowry. “During a visit at Manydown, Jane Austen’s friend Catherine and Alethea’s brother Harris Bigg Wither took the opportunity to propose to Jane and then it was accepted. But during the night, she changed her mind.” (Watt,1963:98)From her love experiences, it can be seen that Jane Austen is not a slave to be worthy of young men’s consideration, and she thinks it a mistake to overlook thementirely. It is wrong to marry for money, but it is silly to marry without money. Jane Austen does not marry in her all life maybe she does not meet her ideal husband. However, she put her ideal marriage in her novels to express her eagerness to love and marriage. As she published her first novel---Sense and Sensibility, when she is thirty-six years old, she begins to really have confidence in her skill as a novelist. From the author’s love experience it can be seen that her own love views come from her own experience in love and the reality.Though persuasion lacked of a fine sense of humor expressed in Austin’s former works, seeing from the depth of thought and emotion, the theme of marriage got deeper development in this work. Therefore, this work was hailed as a work created in her summit of ability development. Heroines in her former works were all like Cinderella in fairy tales. They were all young beautiful and pleasing single girls. Apart from Emma, they all had no abundant property and little trousseau. But after twists and turns, they all married to noblemen who were very handsome and inherited abundant legacy finally. By contrast, in persuasion, Austin modeled a mature heroine image---Anny Eliot for the first time.In her later work Persuasion, the author stresses on that: It is only brings people with agony of “prudence and sense”, but not guarantee of the happiness in the future (Chen Haiyan, 2009). For the first time affection defeat sense in the Persuasion, it confirms the development of the personality from sensibility to affection and eulogizes the great of the people’s affection. It speaks volumes for that the creation idea of Jane Austin has changed from rationalism to romanism, because she has felt that the prudence that reflecting the rational thinking just restrains people’s nature and on ly the pure love that comes from the deep heart can make people acquiring true happiness.It is thus clear that Anne in the Persuasion is not the traditional girl who is gorgeously dressed up and coming in and out of the ball to finding a reliable storeroo m. She never considers about the economic condition of her fiancé and doesn’t think that property is the precondition of marriage. Her marriage has already possessing certain degree of advanced significance, which cannot but say a revolutionary change of A ustin’s marriage view.Besides, Austin is accustomed to use tact of irony in shaping character, even Elizabeth—who is the favorite character in her novels—has been given enough irony color. However, Anne is the only successful character who does not possessing any。

从_劝导_看简_奥斯丁晚期创作的自我超越

第2卷第6期零陵学院学报（教育科学）V ol. 2 No.6 2004年12月 Journal of Lingling University Dec. 2004从《劝导》看简・奥斯丁晚期创作的自我超越曾展飞（湖南科技学院　中文系，湖南　永州　４２５００６）　摘要：简・奥斯丁是英国杰出的女小说家。

她的最后一部小说《劝导》在这位作家的小说创作中可谓独树一帜，呈现出“新的因素、新的特点”：世界观发生了新的变化，塑造了新的人物形象。

这些都表明了奥斯丁晚期创作的自我超越。

关键词：简・奥斯丁；《劝导》；生存价值中图分类号：Ｊ１０６．４文献标识码：　Ａ文章编号：１６７１－９６９７（２００４）０６－０１３４－０３正如当代著名批评家爱德蒙・威尔逊说的：一百多年来，英国文学史上“曾发生过几次趣味的革命。

文学口味的翻新影响了几乎所有作家的声望，唯独莎士比亚和简・奥斯丁经久不衰。

”①英国女作家简・奥斯丁是一位举世公认的经典女作家，她在其艺术的“二寸象牙”上所精雕细刻的作品已成为世界文学史上的瑰宝。

∗简・奥斯丁一生总共写过六部重要的小说，其中，《劝导》是她创作的最后一部。

比起好评如潮的《傲慢与偏见》、《爱玛》等作品，《劝导》略显寂寞，甚至不少人对它评价不是很高，认为它“不完整”，不如奥斯丁的其他小说。

但在笔者看来，《劝导》是奥斯丁小说中独树一帜的一部，其风格颇异于以往的作品。

正如弗吉尼亚・伍尔夫所说：“我们也感到她已经打算尝试一下自己从来没有做过的事情。

在《劝导》中已经有了某种新的因素、新的特点。

”②那么，《劝导》究竟包含哪些奥斯丁以前作品中没有的“新的因素、新的特点”呢？它是如何体现作者对自我的超越的呢？本文试从以下几个方面逐一论述。

一、《劝导》中奥斯丁对生存价值的重新体认与奥斯丁以前的作品比较起来，《劝导》对世界、对人生的认识发生了很大变化，随着年龄的增长、社会的变化、世事的变迁，奥斯丁逐渐变得成熟起来，对人的存在价值进行了深入思考，有了新的认识。

析_劝导_中的新女性形象及其婚姻模式

第26卷　第4期2004年8月湖州师范学院学报Journal of Huzhou Teachers CollegeVol.26　No.4Aug.,2004透析《劝导》中的新女性形象及其婚姻模式Ξ姚丽华(湖州师范学院外国语学院,浙江湖州313000)摘要:《劝导》被誉为是简・奥斯丁最为成熟的一部小说。

奥斯丁在这部小说中塑造了一位不同于以往的新女性形象———安妮,并为她设想了理想的婚姻和家庭模式。

婚姻使安妮由贵族小姐变成了一位自食其力的中产阶级妇女,她具备了一定的现代妇女意识,是一个完美而理想的人物。

这一切都反映了奥斯丁自觉的女性意识和进步的婚姻观念,及其所蕴涵的20世纪妇女解放运动男女平等思想的萌芽意识。

关键词:《劝导》;简・奥斯丁;婚姻观中图分类号:I561.064文献标识码:A文章编号:10091734(2004)04002303简・奥斯丁(Jane Austen,1775～1817)是英国19世纪初期杰出的现实主义小说家。

作为一名女性作家,她的六部小说全部是以爱情与婚姻为主题的,主要描写当时英国乡村中产阶级妇女各种类型的爱情生活和婚姻纠葛。

奥斯丁以超乎同时代人的洞察力,对当时妇女的婚姻发表了自己独到的见解。

她在作品中倡导一种爱情与经济并重而以爱情为主的婚姻观。

但值得注意的是,奥斯丁的婚姻观也不是一成不变的。

在她的创作晚期,由于当时资本主义的兴起和贵族阶级的没落,作者在描写婚姻时的重点已逐渐从贵族转向中产阶级。

更重要的是,在她所描述的婚姻中,经济因素与财产、门第已不再起主导作用,相互理解和平等的男女关系成了新型婚姻的基础。

本文以奥斯丁的最后一部小说《劝导》为例,试通过分析她所塑造的新女性形象———安妮及其婚姻模式,透视作者自觉的女性意识和进步的婚姻观,及其所蕴涵的20世纪妇女解放运动男女平等思想的萌芽意识。

一、与众不同的新女性形象《劝导》这部作品虽然缺少奥斯丁以往作品中的那种渗透于字里行间使人忍俊不禁的幽默风趣,但从思想和感情深度方面看,婚姻的主题在《劝导》中得到了更为深入的发展,因此小说被誉为是“她的能力发展到顶峰之时”的小说[1](P25)。

从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁价值观的局限性

所谓: “四友斋丛说》《中载有他论曲之语，后来各家，从王世
贞以下，多受到他的影响。 (3)其中，沈德符受其影响为以
甚。沈德符对周德清关于《西厢》六字三韵的赞赏不屑一顾，他在《顾曲杂言》 : “ 说然此类凡元人皆能之，不独《西厢》为
然……”顾曲杂言》《在下面贬低《西厢》更甚: “ 西厢》然《到底不过描写情感。余观北剧，尽有高出其上者，世人未曾遍观，逐队吠声，咤为绝唱，真井蛙之见耳。” 沈氏的观点很明
从《导》简奥斯丁价值观的局限性劝看
俞杨
( 中国地质大学外国语学院，湖北武汉 430074)
摘要: 本文是对简奥斯丁在《劝导》中所表现的价值观的分析。作为奥斯丁完成的最后一部小说，劝导》《是奥斯丁思想成熟的一个跨度，是她由现实主义向浪漫主义转变的一个重要过渡。本文先对《劝导》中价值观的局限性进行了概括的分析，进而从奥斯丁家庭环境以及社会背景着笔，探讨了产生奥斯丁思想局限性的根源，以及奥斯丁个人对这些根源产生的反映。关扭词: 简‘ 奥斯丁价值观局限性环境束搏
弃了认为行为和教养是必要的观点— 我们可以把这当作
“ 标志”但是她的价值观和女性主义观点存在矛盾之处，，究其根源应当是她所处的环境。不论是她所生活的/]N 境还 / 环是大的社会环境，都对她产生了不可避免的影响，进而在她周围形成了无形的壁垒。奥斯丁曾尝试跳出这个壁垒，但她没有意识到她的思想还留在她身处的环境中，并为她的局
确 : 四大家之说非由他起，而是出自元人之口; 《西厢》无非
实甫一人独创的功劳，它是在董西厢的基础之上，经王氏加工和再创造的结果。王氏的压卷之作有这样的渊源背景，不能不影响到他人围四大家的竞争;况且，长期以来，就存在一些争议。有人认为，此作品是关汉卿所作，有的认为，它是关作王修，还有的认为是王作关续。这三种说法，一直以来在困扰着曲坛的方家学者，至今尚无定论。同时，作品还存在着情色描写，如第四本，第一折描写张生和莺莺的欢娱和云雨之事，在封建社会，以此等作品而推王实甫为四大家，

《劝导》与简·奥斯汀的浪漫

与婚姻，这正是《劝导》让Ｗｏｏｌｆ觉得没有新鲜感的原因所
利奥特夫人的沃尔特公爵无人管束、骄奢无度；失去未婚妻的本威克中校整日沉溺于感伤诗句；曾被安妮拒绝的查尔斯・默斯格罗夫，他失去了安妮，也失去了“ 超越自己的可能性 ” 。评论家们对安妮的恭维却俯拾皆是。“ 安妮一直以来都很自觉，她对自己的爱、对自己爱的力量的感知是很强烈的” 。“ 娴静而又远非不善表达的安妮・埃利奥特，她性格独立，但绝不孤凄，她的自我认知从不曾动摇 ” 。Ｈａｒ－ｏｌｄＢｌｏｍ甚至评论道： “ 奥斯汀在《理智与情感》中讽拟的东西，在《劝导》中却被抬升到至尊的地位：一种内在的、特殊的孤立感受力的崇高性。安妮・埃利奥特不是奥斯汀笔
中，ＨａｒｏｌｄＢｌｏｏｍ把《劝导》作为简・奥斯汀的代表作品，并将它与Ｗｏｒｄｓｗｏｒｔｈ早期的诗歌并置，Ｂｌｏｏｍ以这种方式承认了《劝导》的独特之处。他认为，奥斯汀通过这部作品 “ 朝着正在萌芽的民主时代，亦即 ‘ 浪漫主义 ’ 迈近了一大
文章编号：２０９５—４６５４（２０１４）０５— ００５４— ０２《Leabharlann 劝导》与简・奥斯汀的浪漫
祁雅文
（中山大学外国语学院，广东广州５１０２７５）
摘要：在《劝导》中，简・奥斯汀描画了她最孤独最完美的女主人公。始终笼罩于感伤的氛围中，故事体现了人类失去的普遍性和不可避免。然而，男女主人公在八年的分离之后却实现了不可能的重聚。无论孤独与失去，还是让重聚得以实现的的想象与怀旧，都展现着奥斯汀浪漫的一面。

从婚姻观和爱情观的角度研究《劝导》

摘要简·奥斯丁是英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义女作家之一，她一生共创作了六部作品，她的最后一部作品《劝导》不同于以往其他作品。

在这部作品中，奥斯丁不仅描绘了许多典型的女性形象，而且注意到了女性能力和社会地位的提高，这是一种远远超越时代的观念。

学者经常从婚姻观和爱情观的角度研究《劝导》,然而很少研究从这些女性形象中展现出来的美德，这些美德值得现代女性借鉴。

论文从女性主义角度探讨《劝导》体现出的价值观。

论文第一章探讨简奥斯丁的女性主义观点和该观点在《劝导》中的反映。

第二章主要研究《劝导》中的女性形象及劝导的行为分析，及她们反映的各种不同的女性主义观点。

第三章诣在研究《劝导》的社会意义，唤醒读者的女性独立和自我提高意识。

关键词: 简·奥斯丁劝导女性形象女性意识Jane Austen is one of the greatest realistic novelists in English literature. She creates great six novels in her life. The last novel Persuasion is different from Austen’s other works. In this work, Austen not only depicts many typical women characters, but also pays attention to the improvement of their ability and status, which is ahead of her time.Persuasion has been often analyzed from the perspective of marriage and money. However, there is little study on the virtues, which are shown in the women images. These virtues are worthy of being appreciated by modern women. This thesis attempts to interpret it from a view of feminist.The first chapter of the thesis introduces Austen’s feminist viewpoints, and feminist idea which is reflected in persuasion. The second chapter carries out a detailed study of women image respectively in persuasion, which reflects correspondingly different feminist viewpoints. The third chapter is to analyze the social significance. It is hoped that the study help us deepen the understanding of Austen’s feminist view points and realize the awareness of independent feminist consciousness and the modern female’s eagerness towards self-improvement.Key words:Jane Austen persuasion women characters feminism.Introduction (1)Chapter One Jane Austen’s Feminism and Her Persuasion (2)A. Jane A usten’s f eminism (2)B. Feminist idea reflected in persuasion (3)Chapter Two A Feminist Analysis of the Values in P ersuasion (5)A. Different female characters in persuasion (5)1. Anne Elliot (5)2. Lady Russell (7)3. Mrs. Smith (8)4. Mrs. Croft (9)B. Persuasions in persuasion (10)1. Lady Russell’s persuasions about Anne’s marriage (10)2. Anne’s inner persuasion (11)3. The persuasion of Wentworth’s love (13)4. The power of Anne’s persuasion (14)5. Lad y Russell’s persuasion to change her views about Wentworth (14)6. Anne persuaded to change her views about Mr. Elliot (15)7. Sir Walter persuade to Approve of Anne’s marriage (16)Chapter Three Realistic Significance (17)A. The Independent Feminist Consciousness (17)B. Modern Female’s eagerness towards self-improvement (18)C. Modern Female’s attitude toward s love and marriage (19)Conclusion (20)Notes (21)Bibliography (22)IntroductionJane Austen (1775-1817) is regarded one of the prominent and best loved novelists in English literature. She was born in Steventon , Hampshireand lived for most of her life in the area. Her father was a clergyman, as a clergyman’s daughter, her greatness as a writer owns much to her experience of the normal life. Austen had six brothers, and an elder sister, Cassandra, to whom she was very close. The only known portrait of Jane Austen was a colored sketch, which was done by Cassandra. Jane never married in her life time, she was once engaged to a much younger man, Harris Bigg-Wither, but she changed her mind. Austen devoted her life to the literary career from 1798 to 1811, which might partially result from this vagrant life.During her short life, Austen produced only six completed novels: Northanger Abbey, Pride and prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion. Austen’s main gift was to be a close observer of human society and social interaction. Jane Austen had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life .The subject of Austen’s works is mainly focused on the middle class young woman’s love and marriage .By the study of these circumstance, we can see the daily lives of the middle class in the south England.Persuasion is Austen’s last completed work, it is considered as her most mature work .The heroine Anne Elliot, a middle daughter of a baronet. When she is nineteen, she falls in love and gets engaged with Wentworth, who is a penniless young naval officer without bright prospects. But such an engagement is questioned by the widow lady Russell, her mother’s best friend and her trusted confidante. By Russell’s persuasion, Anne breaks the engagement with Wentworth. Both she and Wentworth are in bitterness. Eight years later, Anne’s bloom has vanished early and as even in its height, but when Wentworth appears again, Anne has became more sensible than before. Wentworth is impressed by her actions in the accident and her later discussion with caption Harville of the relative faithfulness of man and woman. Anne gives up her cautious, she decides to run after her love, and finally the two long-parted lovers regain their happiness.Chapter one Jane Austen’s Feminism and her persuasion A. Jane Austen’s FeminismIn Jane Austen’s time, there were few professions for women to make their living. So it was difficult for them to become independent. In terms of education, women couldn’t go to school to receive good education. As for family relationship, women had to depend on men and they were supposed to stay at home to look after their children and do house work. They didn’t have the chance to do the same jobs as men did. At that time, men took high position in the society and marriage.As a woman writer, Jane Austen had a strong sense of women’s equality. Her works revealed that there were many obstacles for women to be equal with men. Jane Austen was against the inequality between women and men in the society. In her works, this was showed obviously. She had her own feminist view and values.Feminism is a modern term, a consciously held ideology which opposing that maintain the primacy of masculine authority and power. It is a political perception based on two fundamental premises: Firstly, the foundation of a structural inequality between women and men is gender difference. Owning to that, women suffer social injustice. Secondly, the inequality between the sexes is produced by the cultural construction of gender difficulties rather than the result of biological. There are some points to consider about the feminism: women want to be equal with man; women begin to acquire self-consciousness. It seems the first time that those women were aware that they should have their own rights in the society.Jane Austen’s feminist consciousness is obvious in her works. Firstly, she believes it is the essential idea that women should be treated equally with men. Austen argues that women are not the intellectually inferior to men. Secondly, she praises women’s intellectual power. She thinks that they should make their own decisions and expresses their own thoughts according to their willing rather than keep silent and stay obedient. Thirdly, Austen expresses her viewpoint towards marriage from feminist view point. She emphasizes women’s marriage should be based on the balance of sense and sensibility.Austen thinks that women’s self-worth should be achieved by playing an important role in the society, but not their devotion to the family and the service to their husbands. From herperspective, the foundation of the human society is the interdependence and cooperation between men and women. A woman only caring for the welfare of her own family can’t show her value. As far as Austen concerned, the favorite female image should be the one who is sincerely concerned with others and takes an active part in social life. Ideal heroines are those women who devote themselves to their society, especially to helping other women.As a writer who challenges traditional ideas, Austen’s novels are full of new ideas. So rejecting tradition and the influence of reality for her is impossible, but her consciousness of women is a great contribution to literature.B.Feminist idea reflected in persuasionBefore the creation of persuasion, Jane Austen believed that women should make use of reason to control their feelings when they were facing love and marriage. In her other works, Austen shows sense was powerful than sensibility, in the end, reason won. But in persuasion, she believed reason can only brings us pains. She realized that reason limited human being’s nature, and only sentiment could bring us the happiness. Through persuasion, Jane Austen praised humanity, inner feelings. Jane Austen made her character transfer from sense to sensibility, and she praised human being’s feelings, which revealed Jane Austen wanted a new departure.Persuasion was created in the early nineteenth century in which many revolutions happened. And the women’s situation was experiencing great challenges and difficulties. In persuasion, Jane Austen was sensitive to her social status. She focused more attention to the challenge of conventional ideas. In persuasion, under the help of all knowing narrator and the heroine Anne, Jane Austen showed her female consciousness. A lot of topics were involved, such as fidelity between men and women, the status of women in the family society and women’s educational situation. Many examples in persuasion show the inequality, such as men have opportunity to go to school, while women don’t have the chance to be educated; men can inherit property, but women do not have right to be independent in economy. Men can choose their wives but women can’t choose their husbands by themselves and they must rely on husbands.Jane Austen made women be equal with men in marriage. Anne loved Wentworth for hisinner characters not for his male power and money. Anne didn’t belong to someone, she had her own ideas and decisions. She had a powerful sense of equality. Anne broke down traditional female images. Jane Austen indicated that women can gain love actively but not receive passively from others.As for women’s ability and intelligence. Jane Austen depicts that women are capable of being independent of men. Women are intelligent in Austen’s view-Anne can keep calm when she is in the face of danger and she is good at dealing with difficulties. Lady Russell is a decisive woman and her words have authority; Mrs. Croft leaves us a bright impression that women can take part in almost all social activities and make their own decisions. From these women images we can know that women are not intellectually inferior to men; it is only the situation which limits women to fulfill their function.。

(英语毕业论文)由《劝导》和《曼斯菲尔德庄园》看简.奥斯汀的爱情观

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从《理智与情感》和《劝导》看简·奥斯丁婚恋观的转变

从《理智与情感》和《劝导》看简·奥斯丁婚恋观的转变作者：周嘉璇赵春花来源：《文艺生活·下旬刊》2017年第09期摘要：简·奥斯丁的作品多以描写英国乡绅家庭女青年的婚姻和生活。

奥斯丁前期的作品都体现了物质以及理智在婚恋中的重要作用，而在其后期作品中却传达了一些明显的变化。

本文以其婚恋观的转变为契合点，从《理智与情感》和《劝导》两部作品出发，分别从择偶标准、婚恋幸福核心、女性在婚恋中的地位三个角度来深入探讨其婚恋观的转变：爱情和品行高于金钱和门第，感性超越理性，两性平等取代男尊女卑。

关键词：简·奥斯丁；婚恋观；转变；原因中图分类号：I561.06 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5312（2017）27-0059-01简·奥斯丁的作品主要是探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中自我发现的过程，作品中所传达的婚恋观清晰、明确。

简·奥斯丁的作品一直为国内外学者所广泛研究，《理智与情感》和《劝导》也不例外。

国外学者们主要是分析作品中的人物，抑或是深入探究作品的写作特点。

而国内学者对《理智与情感》《劝导》的研究则主要集中于其写作风格，女性意识以及婚恋观。

综上所述，国内外虽然对这两部作品研究甚多，婚恋观方面也有不少学者涉及，但鲜有学者结合这两部作品对简·奥斯丁婚恋观的转变进行清晰明确地探讨。

而《理智与情感》和《劝导》作为简·奥斯丁前后期的两部代表作，对于研究其婚恋观的转变是极具参考意义的。

本文从简·奥斯丁前后期的两部代表作出发，旨在探究简·奥斯丁前后期婚恋观的转变。

一、择偶标准重心的转移在择偶重要标准问题上，从《理智与情感》到《劝导》体现了奥斯丁认为爱情内在高于金钱门第的转变。

在《理智与情感》中，金钱与门第是择偶的重要标准。

这一点在玛丽安婚恋情节的安排上体现得淋漓尽致。

威洛比和玛丽安的交往过程中，玛丽安与威洛比志趣相投，在精神上十分契合。

简·奥斯丁在《劝导》中对女性主义的解读

第 33 卷第 3 期2020 年 3 月江西电力职业技术学院学报Journal of Jiangxi Vocational and Technical College of ElectricityVol.33 No.3Mar.2020简·奥斯丁在《劝导》中对女性主义的解读冯旭（山西机电职业技术学院，山西长治 046011）摘要：从不同层面讨论《劝导》中的女性主义意识，目的在于解析作者简·奥斯丁所要表达的女性应追求平等的婚姻与爱情观念。

关键词：简·奥斯丁；劝导；女性主义中图分类号：H315 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1673-0097(2020)03-0149-020 引言简·奥斯丁是英国19世纪著名女性小说作家，以幽默清新、与独具魅力的写作风格深受广大读者的喜爱。

简·奥斯丁创作的小说作品多数讲述中产阶级的婚姻与爱情故事，并成功塑造了爱玛、伊丽莎白、埃莉诺等成功女性形象。

在小说《劝导》中，奥斯丁从不同角度呈现出英国在男权社会背景下，女性所遭受的压迫与不公及女性自主意识的觉醒。

1 新时代下的女性主义简·奥斯丁笔下所塑造的女性多数都嫁给资产丰厚的男性，从此远离贫穷与灾难。

对此，曾经有女权主义者对奥斯丁产生了质疑与批评，强调女性的真正成功需要将理想、自主、独立为依靠的大树，而不是将嫁给有钱男人做依附的藤蔓为目标。

简·奥斯丁在《劝导》中深刻描写她出生的英国社会，该小说全篇围绕婚姻、爱情的故事，运用幽默的语言与敏锐的洞察力及女性独特视角，重点探讨与反映女性社会问题，其中包括伦理、道德、婚姻、爱情与家庭，勾勒出简·奥斯丁所处的真实社会情况，体现出英国女性当时的社会地位与生活状态［1］。

在简·奥斯丁笔下的女性形象，无论是伊丽莎白、埃莉诺、凯塞林、爱玛或是玛丽安，都是有见识、有观念、有自我意识的新时代女性人物，她们极力摆脱男人眼中妖妇、天使的形象，以独立人格挑战传统女性刻板形象，勇于追求女性自主社会，摆脱女性在男权社会中的枷锁与压迫，闪耀着女性抗争意识与反驳意识的伟大光芒。

透析《劝导》中的新女性形象及其婚姻模式

在现实生活中，我们也可以看到各种各样的婚姻模式。有些婚姻可能更注重感情，而有些则更看重物质。但无论选择哪种模式，关键是要在婚姻中找到彼此的平衡点，相互理解和支持，共同成长。只有这样，我们才能在婚姻的旅途中找到真正的幸福。
总之，《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》这两部经典英国小说都给我们展示了不同的婚姻模式。通过对比研究，我们可以发现每种模式都有其优缺点。在选择婚姻模式时，我们需要综合考虑各种因素，以实现真正的幸福。让我们从这些经典作品中汲取智慧，为现实生活中的婚姻选择提供有价值的启示。
参考内容
Байду номын сангаас
基本内容
《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》是两部经典的英国小说，它们都以婚姻为主题，但描绘的婚姻模式却截然不同。在本次演示中，我们将对这两部作品中的婚姻模式进行深入的对比研究。
首先，《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻模式主要以财富和地位为基础。在小说中，婚姻被视为一种经济和社交联盟，是提高社会地位和财富的手段。因此，达西和伊丽莎白·班纳特虽在性格和爱好上有一定差异，但他们的婚姻仍然被视为是一桩美满的姻缘，因为达西拥有财富和地位，而伊丽莎白·班纳特则拥有美貌和机智。
总的来说，两种婚姻模式都有其优点和缺点。在《傲慢与偏见》中，婚姻的物质基础为夫妻双方提供了稳定的生活和社交圈子，但这种稳定性和物质利益导向可能会忽视个人的感情需求。而在《劝导》中，虽然感情基础为婚姻提供了深远的心灵连接，但社会地位和财富的不匹配可能会使这种连接变得脆弱。
因此，在选择婚姻模式时，我们应该充分考虑各种因素，以实现真正的幸福。在物质与感情、社会地位与个人幸福之间找到平衡点，是建立美满婚姻的关键。我们不能只看重财富和地位，也不能只感情而忽视现实。理想的婚姻模式应该是以感情为基础，同时兼顾物质利益和社会地位的综合考量，以此来实现真正的幸福。

捕捉情感结构的微妙变化——从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁的理想爱情模式

捕捉情感结构的微妙变化——从《劝导》看简奥斯丁的理想
爱情模式
李牧
【期刊名称】《南腔北调》
【年(卷),期】2022()4
【摘要】简·奥斯丁的小说致力于探索爱情与婚姻,《劝导》作为她的最后一部长篇小说,其中对于爱情与婚姻的理解已经相对成熟。

奥斯丁认为理想的爱情模式是理性与情感的完美结合,而理性和情感则是建立在美德的基础之上的。

本文通过捕捉《劝导》中情感结构的转变,结合历史的眼光对旧贵族的没落和具有社会典型性的价值取向展开论述,从择偶观和价值观来透视奥斯丁所推崇的爱情。

【总页数】6页(P87-91)
【作者】李牧
【作者单位】广西民族大学文学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G63
【相关文献】
1.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁价值观的局限性
2.由《劝导》看简·奥斯丁创作思想的转变
3.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁晚年的爱情观
4.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁创作思想的发展
5.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁晚期创作的自我超越
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(英语毕业论文)由《劝导》和《曼斯菲尔德庄园》看简.奥斯汀的爱情观

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H。

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透过安婚姻观的现象看本质

透过《劝导》中安“谨慎”婚姻观的现象看本质正如简奥斯丁在小说的最后一章中提到的，“当两个年轻人考虑结婚时，他们就会很坚定，无论他们曾经多么贫穷，多么轻率，多么不可能给予对方舒适。

”。

所以我想倘若八年前两人的真心相爱是美丽的童话，那么在是否答应求婚的问题就将其打回了残酷的现实。

在处理是否结婚的问题上，安的教母事实上即是埋藏在安内心深处极度迷恋物质财富和权利地位，以及无法冲破传统门第观念束缚的另一个自我。

教母的劝导和阻止只不过一扇挡箭牌，在安处理其与cw的关系时不难看出，她也对cw的未来的前途命运充满忧虑，她的拒绝同时便包括他对cw的事业不认可，她不自信cw可以开阔自己的事业。

虽然对cw极度迷恋却缺乏信任，，也未曾让理智被爱情冲昏，不认为爱情可愿意代替面包。

由她决定听从教母劝导的一瞬开始，便决定了她已经向封建传统道德礼教的成员的成功转化，她以物质财富与社会地位来衡量自己的爱人，而非两人相互的感情，标志她内心沉睡着的价值观和世界观的觉醒，是其根深蒂固的保守思想观念的最完整体现。

八年的之后再度相爱，不能否认夹杂了太多的物质因素。

因为事业有成的cw的归来，安重新燃起对cw的爱情烈焰，但此时她深爱的男人已经不是过去那个一无所有的cw，不禁让人联想，此时的安选择接受的是cw还是，还是拥有财富地位的cw。

设想如果此番归来的是一无所有的cw，她又将如何抉择，是继续在爱情与面包里苦苦挣扎，或是“迫于无奈”再次听从教母的劝导？不可否认精神食粮是无法代替物质生活的，所以即便安爱的是拥有财富cw也是无可厚非的，但是安所表现出的更多是上流社会的贵族世俗化的保守的习气，她始终无法冲破传统的婚姻观念，大胆追求恋爱婚姻的自由，在追求个人幸福的道路上仍然属于胆小者与弱势群体。

委婉的帝国主义赞歌———解读奥斯汀《劝导》

委婉的帝国主义赞歌———解读奥斯汀《劝导》摘要与以往的作品不同，奥斯汀在其后期作品《劝导》中着力描写了一群特殊的人物———海军军官。

他们因战争而发财，并晋升了官爵。

根据小说的历史背景可得知，这群军官投入的是为争夺自身利益的海外侵略战争，他们代表的是英帝国主义的殖民扩张；小说中同时也出现了一群与这些军官相对立的人物，他们是以沃尔特先生为代表的贵族地主。

这两派人物在性格以及政治地位上形成了鲜明的对比。

奥斯汀通过对这两派人物的一褒一贬，足以折射出她对帝国主义扩张政策的支持与赞扬。

生活在英殖民主义扩张时期的奥斯汀，她无法逃避帝国主义思想的束缚。

不过与其他作家不同的是，她以一种委婉的方式对其进行赞扬。

关键词海军军官贵族地主帝国主义赞扬《劝导》是奥斯汀在40岁后写的最后一部小说，比以前的作品写得更有思想和感情深度。

《劝导》描写了一个曲折多磨的爱情故事。

许多评论家主要从女权主义、爱情和婚姻的角度来研读该小说。

他们认为《劝导》代表着作者思想的成熟，同时也是唯一的一部出现感情战胜理性的小说。

[1]笔者通过细读其小说，发现与其余几部小说迥然不同的在于《劝导》中着力描写了一群海军军官，而且连男主人公也是一名海军军官。

在《劝导》中奥斯汀为何如此钟情于这群海军军官呢？本文将从后殖民主义的角度对其进行分析。

故事发生的时间可以由沃尔特爵士的家史推出，是在1814年左右“：沃尔特·埃利奥特，一七六零年三月一日生……”“他年轻的时候是个出类拔萃的美男子，如今到了54岁仍然一表人才……”[2]当时欧洲联军对拿破仑战争已经宣告结束“，天下太平，有钱的海军军官就要回到岸上”。

众所周知，这场战争是为争夺自身利益的海外侵略战争。

换句话说，也是帝国主义的殖民争霸。

拿破仑曾把比利时、荷兰及意大利一部分合并为法国领土；他入侵埃及，攻打莫斯科，还想霸占西班牙，以及派兵远征海地等。

此外，当拿破仑征服一个国家时，便强迫被征服国家降低关税或干脆取消关税，以利于法国商品的倾销。

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外国语学院，甘肃
［摘要］以《导》劝主人公安妮的爱情波折为切入点，阐释奥￣ｊ晚年的爱情观：￣－－审美意义的爱情固然可贵，但地位、金
钱、力发挥重要作用的婚姻同样可取。权
［关键词］奥斯丁；劝导》；《爱情观
” 和风格发生的变化，标志着奥斯丁的人生观、价值观趋向成说。。
熟。本文试图以《劝导》的主人公安妮的爱情波折为切人点，
两位学者把安妮和温特沃斯旧情重新萌动的动机，完全
对奥斯丁晚年的爱情婚姻观加以初步探讨。
的贵族小姐，她的爱情生活构成了全书的主线：安妮十九岁
事情。… 这是温特沃斯经过接触其他女人， ” 把她们与安妮意。在四十一岁的老处女奥斯丁看来，他们的这种不是基于
而是为对方的风度、气质、容貌所吸引，经过一番比较后，能够原谅安妮先前的过失并再次选择她的精神的交流和沟通，为维多利亚时代的主原因。那么，安妮为什么会重新接受海军军官的爱情呢？这为异性的相互需求而蛊惑的所谓爱情，
简・奥斯丁（７５８７从二十岁左右开始写作，将她的耿耿忠心转向了海军中‘ １７一ｌｌ）到四新型的人’ 因为他们代表了，
十二岁去逝共创作了六部长篇小说。大约写于１６高尚的价值普遍复兴的机会。也就是说，８年的１ ” 他们能够最终
《劝导》是她的最后两部小说中的一部。奥斯丁本人给这部走到一起，，缘于安妮成熟的魅力，典雅的气质，过人的才干和小说起名《埃利奥特一家的生活》后被她堂哥和出版商改为，温特沃斯身上“ 代表了高尚的价值普遍复兴的机会。而国内 ”
《劝导》发行。与前几部小说相比，劝导》寓含的《中精神生研究奥斯丁的专家林文琛则认为，安妮坚决排除了‘ ’ “ 理性
活中冲突的思想渐行渐远，人物理性与感性的对立有所弱
的误导，同温特沃斯恢复交往，重燃旧情，终于迎来幸福的婚化，讽刺人性弱点的笔触也由尖刻转向温婉，这一系列主题姻。《劝导》成为奥斯丁第一部表现‘ 感情’ 优于‘ 理性’ 的小
熟悉奥斯丁写作风格的人都能从这一段描写中看出作
的感情历练，思想成熟，才干增长。“ 她遇到意外时表现出来者对这两个年轻人恋爱的嘲讽之意，就是从来没有读过她作
品的也能从“ 人，小伙子无所事事，娘却又简姑直无人可 ” 爱。
体会士。有才干的年轻女人得到圆满的爱情，自然是情理之中的两句话中，出作者的那种轻蔑而又不无几分妒意的笑
时爱上了年轻的海军军官弗雷德利克・温特沃斯，但她的教轻而易举地得出不同的结论。
就接受了长辈“ 劝导”与心上人解除婚约。八年后，，安妮的
才华横溢。而安妮是个极其美丽的少女，性情温父亲沃尔特爵士为了缓解日趋严重的债务危机，被迫把住宅朝气勃勃，
举止娴静，兴致高雅，感情丰富。本来，双方只要有一半租给了安妮的前未婚夫的姐夫，于是这一对有情人有缘再次柔，相逢，得以重接秦晋之好。
会潮流走向的发言人。
当时已二十七岁的安妮精神颓唐，形容憔悴，放在婚姻台高筑，土地抵押，房产出租，使安妮的竞争力又打了几分折
不符合审美意义的爱情标准，在现实生活中位理论家说：安（， “ 妮）小说中贵族之家惟一有充分价值的流道德所不容，
因而是荒唐可笑和不人，也是艾略特（埃利奥特）家惟一认识到凯林奇家务和维持这样幼稚的爱情大多也不会有好结果，我们就明白戴维・劳伦斯为什么会说奥田庄乃至维护社会的内在联系。（有语病，原文如此）她被迫足为训的。缘于此，
［中图分类号］１９４１０．
［文献标识码］Ａ
［文章编号］０５—４２２１）２— １２— ２［１０３９｛００１０６０收稿日期］２１０１００— ７— ４
［作者简介］贾俊民，甘肃人，男，天水师范学院外国语学院院长、教授，主要研究方向主要为英语语言文学。
斯丁是一位“ 刻薄” 老处女” ｜劳伦斯与奥斯丁对爱的“ 了。５
安妮和温特沃斯八年后之所以能够重新走到一起，同样
而非一些论者所言情婚姻的着眼点不同，前者是科学的，关注肉体享受对人身还是上述的一些因素发挥了决定性作用，
先进战胜了落后。心健康的有益作用，一个是审美的，注重精神层面的相悦相是激情战胜了理智，亲，沟通交流。谁对谁错，孰高孰低，难下结论，一切都来源
２１００年第ｌ２期总第２７期０
兰
州
学
刊
Ｎｏ２２０１．１０ＧｅｒＮｏ．０７ｎｅ￣．２
ＬａｈｕＸａｎｚｏＨｅｋｎ
从《导》简・劝看奥斯丁晚年的爱情观
贾俊民
（天水师范学院
马金海
天水７１０４００）
的魅力就够了，为小伙子无所事事，因姑娘却又简直无人可
安妮的爱情失而复得的过程蕴涵的生活哲理，是奥斯丁爱，然而双方又都有那么多的优点长处，相逢之后岂有不成
［晚年思想的精髓所在，也是中外评论家目光聚集的地方。美功的道理。
国的一位理论家认为，安妮重获爱情的原因，是她经过多年的冷静和出色的决断能力，甚至超过了一些饱经风霜的男
母拉塞尔夫人极力反对。安妮没有反抗，只是犹豫了一下，
归于精神层面相互吸引的观点，如果不是错误的，最起码也愉快地接受温特沃斯求婚的前后情况加以分析和比较，就能先看看奥斯丁对当年这一对恋人爱情的描写：
当时，温特沃斯）他（是个出类拔萃的好后生，聪明过人，
《劝导》的主角叫安妮・埃利奥特，是一个家道濒临衰落是不全面和肤浅的。只要对安妮当初同意解除婚约，后来又