a上海市嘉定区、黄浦2012届高三第二次模拟考试 物理试题(2012嘉定黄浦二模)
2012年上海市嘉定区、宝山区中考物理二模试卷
2012年上海市嘉定区、宝山区中考物理二模试卷参考答案与试题解析试卷总分:90分一、选择题(共16分)下列各题均只有一个正确选项,请将正确选项的代号用2B、铅笔填涂在答题纸的相应位置上,更改答案时,用橡皮擦去,重新填涂.1.(2分)在原子中,一定带正电的粒子是()A.质子 B.中子 C.核子 D.电子【考点】分子与原子PH121【难易度】容易题【分析】根据原子结构的相关知识可知,原子核带正电,核外有电子带负电,二者大小相等,符号相反,原子整体呈中性.原子中带正电的微粒是质子,电子带负电,中子不带电,故选A。
【解答】A.【点评】解决本题需要考生掌握分子与原子的相关知识,知道原子的构成,同时清楚物质都是由分子组成的,分子由原子组成的。
2.(2分)夏季为了节能,本市公共建筑室内空调温度设置一般不得低于()A.19℃ B.24℃ C.26℃ D.37℃【考点】温度和温标PH422【难易度】容易题【分析】空调温度越低,实际功率越大,耗电越多,为了节能,国务院办公厅发出《关于严格执行公共建筑空调温度控制标准的通知》,要求公共建筑内所有单位夏季室内空调温度不得低于26℃,故选C。
【解答】C.【点评】解决本题需要考生知道,空调是大功率电器,耗能大,长期使用空调不符合节能减排的标准,故应遵循《关于严格执行公共建筑空调温度控制标准的通知》。
3.(2分)最早提出“维持运动不需要力”的科学家是()A.亚里士多德B.阿基米德 C.伽利略D.牛顿【考点】力的作用效果PH213【难易度】容易题【分析】A、亚里士多德认为力是维持物体运动的原因,故排除A;B古希腊的阿基米德是“力学之父”,发现并证明了杠杆定律和浮力定律(阿基米德原理),故排除B;C、伽利略用斜面实验证明了:运动的物体在不受外力作用时,保持运动速度不变,故选C;D、牛顿是在伽利略等科学家的基础上提出了牛顿第三定律,故排除D。
【解答】C.【点评】本题主要考查考生对物理学史的掌握,是常识性问题,考生对于物理学上重大发现、发明、著名理论要加强记忆,同时能够了解伽利略的斜面实验。
上海市黄浦区2012年高三物理二模卷
Z 黄浦区2012年高考模拟考物理试卷2012年4月11日考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号等填写清楚。
2.本试卷共8页,满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将答案写在答题卷上。
3.第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
第I 卷(共56分)一、单项选择题(40分)Ⅰ单项选择题。
(16分。
本题共8小题,每小题2分,每小题给出的四个答案中,只有一个是正确的。
把正确答案选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填涂在答题卷相应的位置上。
)1.下列现象中能说明分子间存在斥力的是()(A )气体总是很容易充满容器(B )水的体积很难被压缩(C )清凉油的气味很容易被闻到(D )两个铁块用力挤压不能粘合在一起2.恒星的寿命取决于它的()(A )质量(B )体积(C )组成部分(D )温度3.一个放射性原子核发生一次β衰变,它的()(A )质子数减少一个,中子数不变(B )质子数增加一个,中子数不变(C )质子数减少一个,中子数增加一个(D )质子数增加一个,中子数减少一个4.关于电磁波的应用,下列说法正确的是()(A )γ射线可用于纸币防伪鉴别工作(B )紫外线用于加热和烘干(C )X 射线可用于机场检查箱内的物品(D )微波可用于测量钢板厚度5.有一类物理量的大小等于另一类物理量随时间的变化率或与该变化率成正比,下列物理量的组合中能满足这一关系的是()(A )加速度与力(B )功与动能(C )弹力与弹簧的伸长量(D )感应电动势与磁通量6.如图所示为一基本门电路的符号及其输入端A 、B 的电势随时间变化的图像,则该门电路的输出端Z 的电势随时间变化的图像是()(A)(B)(C)(D)7.如图所示,两端开口的U型管中装有水银,在右管中用水银封闭着一段空气,要使两侧水银面高度差h增大,应()(A)从左管滴入水银(B)从右管滴入水银(C)让气体升温(D)让气体降温8.在电场力作用下,原来静止的带正电的点电荷从a点移到b点,在这个过程中,电荷的速度不断增大。
2012年上海市嘉定区高考物理一模试卷(含详解)
2012年上海市嘉定区高考物理一模试卷一.单项选择题(共16分,每小题2分.每小题只有一个正确选项.答案写在答题纸上相应的位置.)1.(2分)下列单位中,不属于国际单位制中规定的基本单位的是()A.千克B.伏特C.安培D.开尔文2.(2分)如图所示,用细线将一块玻璃板水平地悬挂在弹簧秤下端,并使玻璃板贴在水面上,然后缓慢提起弹簧秤,在玻璃板脱离水面的一瞬间,弹簧秤读数会突然增大,主要原因是()A.水分子做无规则热运动B.玻璃板受到大气压力作用C.水与玻璃间存在在万有引力作用D.水与玻璃间存在分子引力作用3.(2分)伟大的物理学家伽利略的科学研究方法,对于后来的科学研究具有重大的启蒙作用,至今仍具有重要意义.以下哪项是伽利略探究物体下落规律的过程()A.猜想﹣问题﹣数学推理﹣实验验证﹣合理外推﹣得出结论B.问题﹣猜想﹣实验验证﹣数学推理﹣合理外推﹣得出结论C.问题﹣猜想﹣数学推理﹣实验验证﹣合理外推﹣得出结论D.猜想﹣问题﹣实验验证﹣数学推理﹣合理外推﹣得出结论4.(2分)法国科学家库仑精心设计的库仑扭称仪器,能测出的物理量是()A.静电力的大小B.金属小球的电荷量C.元电荷的电荷量D.电场强度的大小5.(2分)某质点做匀速圆周运动,线速度大小v、周期T,则在时间内,速度改变量大小是()A.0B.C.v D.2v6.(2分)一个门电路的两个输入端A、B与输出端Z的波形如图所示,则可知该门电路是()A.“与”门B.“或”门C.“与非”门D.“或非”门7.(2分)下列涉及能量变化的过程中,不属于单向性过程的是()A.摩擦生热B.简谐振动C.热传递D.气体自由膨胀8.(2分)在同一水平直线上的两位置分别沿同方向抛出两小球A和B,其运动轨迹如图所示,不计空气阻力.要使两球在空中相遇,则必须()A.先抛出A球B.先抛出B球C.同时抛出两球D.使两球质量相等二.单项选择题(共24分,每小题3分.每小题只有一个正确选项.答案写在答题纸上相应的位置.)9.(3分)过强的电磁辐射能对人体有很大危害,按照有关规定,工作场所受电磁辐射强度(单位时间内垂直通过单位面积的电磁辐射能量)不得超过0.5W/m2.一个人距离无线电通讯装置50m,为保证此人的安全,无线电通讯装置的电磁辐射功率不超过(已知球体表面积为4πR2,R为球体半径)()A.45.1 kW B.31.4kW C.15.7 kW D.7.8kW 10.(3分)如图甲所示,静置于光滑水平面上坐标原点处的小物块,在水平拉力F作用下,沿x轴方向运动,拉力F随物块所在位置坐标x的变化关系如图乙所示,图线为半圆.则小物块运动到x0处时的动能为()A.0B.F m x0C.F m x0D.x02 11.(3分)如图所示,轻支架可绕O点无摩擦自由转动,A端靠在墙上,将一小物体放在支架上让其自由下滑.支架和小物体间光滑,当小物体经过O点正上方时,A端受力N1;仅改变支架和小物体间的粗糙程度,使小物体能匀速下滑,当小物体经过O点正上方时,A端受力N2,则()A.N1=0B.N1<N2C.N1>N2D.N1=N2 12.(3分)在如图所示的闭合电路中,移动滑动变阻器的滑片,电压表读数在逐渐增加,则电流表读数()A.增大B.减小C.先减小后增大D.先增大后减小13.(3分)如图所示,倾角30°的斜面连接水平面,在水平面上安装半径为R 的半圆竖直挡板,质量m的小球从斜面上高为处静止释放,到达水平面恰能贴着挡板内侧运动。
上海市嘉定区、黄浦区2012届高三第二次模拟考试 (化学)(2012嘉定黄浦二模)
上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试化学试卷(总分150分完成时间120分钟)相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O--16 Na-23 Fe-56 Cu-64 Ag-108第I卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项)1.科学家对石墨进行处理,使得石墨片的厚度逐渐减少,最终获得目前已知的最薄的材料——石墨烯(如右图)。
下列关于石墨烯的说法正确的是A.石墨烯是一新型的纳米化合物B.石墨烯与C60互为同素异形体C.石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中碳元素的化合价为+32.氮原子核外电子轨道表达式为A.1s22s22p3 B.C. D.3.铁和铁合金是生活中常用的材料,下列说法正确的是A.不锈钢是只含金属元素的铁合金 B.铁合金的硬度比纯铁的硬度小C.镀锌铁板中的铁比铁板更易腐蚀 D.常温下可用铁制容器盛装浓硫酸4.形成物质世界多样性的原因有①元素种类;②同位素;③化学键成键方式;④同分异构现象;⑤同素异形现象A.仅①②③ B.仅②④⑤ C.仅①③ D.①②⑧④⑤5.在“绿色化学工艺”中,理想状态是原子利用率为100%。
在用CH3C CH合成CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3的过程中,欲使原子利用率达到最高,还需要的其它反应物有A.CO和CH3OH B.CO2和H2O C.H2和CO2 D.CH3OH和H2二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项)6.在盛有硫酸铜饱和溶液的恒温密闭容器中,投入一块形状不规则的硫酸铜晶体,放置数天后,发生的变化是A.晶体形状改变且质量减少 B.晶体形状改变而质量不变C.晶体形状和质量都不变 D.硫酸铜溶液的物质的量浓度有所增大7.用右图所示装置,必要时可加热试管,不能达到实验目的的是A.试管中盛酚酞试液,验证氨气的水溶液呈碱性B.试管中盛酸性高锰酸钾溶液,探究乙烯的还原性C.试管中盛稀氢氧化钠溶液,验证CO2与NaOH反应的产物D.试管中盛氢硫酸,验证SO2的氧化性8.下列分离与提纯的方法不可行的是A.用蒸发、冷却结晶和过滤的方法从氯化钠和硝酸钾的混合液中分离出硝酸钾 B.用分液的方法分离乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸钠溶液C.用加热的方法提纯含有少量碳酸氢钠的碳酸钠D.用加水溶解、过滤的方法提纯含有碳酸钠的硫酸钙9.反应A(g)+2B(g)C(g) +D(g)过程中的能量变化如图所示,有关叙述正确的是 A.该反应是吸热反应B.当反应达到平衡时,升高温度,A的转化率增大C.反应体系中加入催化剂对反应热无影响D.在反应体系中加入催化剂,反应速率增大,E1减小,E2不变10.侯氏制碱法与索氏氨碱法相比较,其优点是A.原料便宜 B.CO2参与循环,低碳环保C.产生了更多的氯化钙 D.原料利用率高,节省设备11.某化学课外学习小组设计电解饱和食盐水的简易装置如图(蛋壳内及壳外容器均充满饱和食盐水)。
上海市嘉定区、黄浦区2012届高三地理第二次模拟考试(2012嘉定黄浦二模)中图版
2012年黄浦区高考模拟考地理试卷答案要点与评分标准一.单项选择题(本大题共50分,每小题2分)二.综合分析题(本大题共100分)(考生回答合理,可酌情给分)(十一)(10分)26.该地处在非洲板块与亚欧板块交界处,在相互挤压碰撞过程中形成高大山脉。
(2分)27.夏季炎热干燥,冬季温和多雨地中海受副热带高气压和西风带交替控制(5分)28.大西洋地中海/西东海水密度/盐度/海区水位高低(3分)(十二)(13分)29.华北平原文化四合院(式方整院落)(2分)30.地理位置优越,海陆交通便利1分;周边自然资源丰富,有丰富的石油、海盐等矿产资源1分;处在京津唐工业区内,自身工业基础雄厚1分;与韩国、日本等东北亚经济强国隔海相望,便于经济交往1分(至少从三方面答题3分)31.地势平坦、海滩(滩涂)广阔;日照充足,风多雨少,蒸发旺盛(2分)32.RS 遥感(1分)33.渔业养殖、旅游、生态保护等方面均受到严重影响2分渤海的水域面积较小,水体深度较浅;没有较大的洋流经过;渤海水域属于半封闭海区,相对闭塞,水体的交换和更新速度慢3分(5分)(十三)(17分)34.4%(40‰)(1分)35.XX XX 人口结构人口生活水平(4分)36.小人口(严重)老龄化/人口自然增长为负增长(2分)37.XX目前的人口压力在十所城市中处在中等水平状况1分;XX的人口压力主要来源于其较高的人口生存空间压力,表现在人口密度处在最高位置1分;但其人口结构压力和人口生活水平压力处在较小的位置(或少儿和老年负担系数较低,城市居民人均消费支出多)2分XX目前的人口压力在十所城市中处在高位1分;XX在人口结构压力、人口生活水平压力两方面都表现出较高的压力(或少儿和老年负担系数较高,城乡居民人均消费支出少)2分(7分)38.XX在今后需重点关注人口密度过大带来的交通及住房等问题1分;XX应大力发展经济提高居民收入水平1分,以及人口出生率较高(人口增长率较高、劳动力不足)等问题1分(3分)(十四)(18分)39.冬季气温略低,夏季气温较高;气温年较差较大(1分)40.B处大于A处,理由:B处海拔较高,易形成地形雨。
2012年上海市浦东新区高考物理模拟试卷(二模)及参考答案
物理试题2.如图所示,矩形线框在磁场内做的各种运动中,能够产生感应电流的是6.一定质量理想气体的状态变化如图所示,则该气体 (A )状态b 的压强大于状态c 的压强 (B )状态a 的压强大于状态b 的压强 (C )从状态c 到状态d ,体积减小 (D )从状态a 到状态c ,温度不变7.如图所示,一偏心轮绕垂直纸面的轴O 匀速转动,a 和b 是轮上质量相等的两个质点,则偏心轮转动过程中a 、b 两质点 (A )角速度大小相同(B )线速度大小相同 (C )向心加速度大小相同 (D )向心力大小相同9.一个门电路的两个输入端A 、B 与输出端Z 的波形如图所示,则该门电路是 (A )“与”门(B )“或”门 (C )“与非”门(D )“或非”门10.一辆普通家用小轿车的阻力系数(汽车所受阻力与重力的比值)为0.25,当该小轿车在高速公路上(最高限速为120km/h )正常匀速行驶时发动机的功率约为 (A )80W (B )800W (C )8kW (D )80kW11.在如图所示的电场中,一点电荷+q 沿电场线方向运动,其电势能随位移变化的关系最接近于下图中的12.某人站在三楼阳台上,同时以10m/s 的速率抛出两个小球,其中一个球竖直上抛,另一个球竖直下抛,它们落地的时间差为Δt ;如果该人站在六楼阳台上,以同样的方式抛出两BZ(A )(B )(C )(D )(A ) (B ) (D )Bv(C )个小球,它们落地的时间差为Δt′。
不计空气阻力,Δt′和Δt相比较,有(A)Δt′<Δt(B)Δt′=Δt(C)Δt′>Δt(D)无法判断14.竖直悬挂的轻弹簧下连接一个小球,用手托起小球,使弹簧处于压缩状态,如图所示。
则迅速放手后(A)小球开始向下做匀加速运动(B)弹簧恢复原长时小球加速度为零(C)小球运动到最低点时加速度小于g(D)小球运动过程中最大加速度大于g15.如图所示,一定质量的空气被水银封闭在静置于竖直平面内的U型玻璃管中,右管上端开口且足够长,右管内水银面比左管内水银面低Δh,能使Δh变大的原因是(A)环境温度降低或者大气压强增大(B)环境温度升高或者大气压强减小(C)环境温度升高或者U型玻璃管自由下落(D)环境温度升高或者沿管壁向右管内加水银16.如图所示,粗糙水平桌面上有一粗细均匀的导线制成的矩形线圈ABCD,其左侧外上方有一条形磁铁,磁铁不动时,线圈的AB边和CD边对桌面的压力均为N。
上海市嘉定区、黄浦区2012届高三第二次模拟考试文科数学试题(2012嘉定黄浦二模)
图1AB DC1B图22012年上海市嘉定、黄浦区高三年级第二次模拟考试数学试卷(文科)(2012年4月12日)一、填空题(本大题满分56分) 本大题共有14题,考生应在答题卷的相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每题填对得4分,否则一律得零分.1.函数12()log (21)f x x =+的定义域是 .2.椭圆:2212x y +=的焦距是 . 3.已知全集U R =,集合1|0,1x A x x R x -⎧⎫=>∈⎨⎬+⎩⎭,则U C A = . 4.已知幂函数()y f x =存在反函数,若其反函数的图像经过点1(,9)3,则幂函数()f x = .5.若函数22()(21)1f x x m x m =-+-+-在区间(,1]-∞上是增函数,则实数m 的取值范围是 .6.已知数列{}n a *()n N ∈是公差为2的等差数列,则lim21nn a n →∞-= .7.已知点(1,0)A -在圆C :22(1)(1)5x y -++=上,过点A 作圆C 的切线l ,则切线l 的方程是 .8.已知z C ∈,且z 为z 的共轭复数,若101100z z iz =(i 是虚数单位),则z = .9.已知D 是ABC ∆的边BC 上的点,且:1:2BD DC =,,AB a AC b ==,如图1所示.若用a b 、表示AD ,则AD =.10. 20的二项展开式的常数项是 . 11.已知(0,)2παβ∈、,54cos(),sin()135α+β=α-β=-,则cos2α= .12.已知圆柱的轴截面11ABB A 是正方形,点C 是圆柱下底面弧AB 的中点,点1C 是圆柱上底面弧11A B 的中点,如图2所示,则异面直线1AC 与BC 所成的角的正切值= .13.某高级中学举行高二英语演讲比赛,共有9人参加决赛(其中高二(2)班2人,其他班级有7人),比赛的出场顺序按抽签方式产生,则比赛出场顺序是“高二(2)班2人比赛序号不相连”的概率是.(结果用最简分数表示) 14||x =的不同实数根的个数是 .二、选择题(本大题满分20分) 本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题卷的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分. 15.已知空间三条直线a b m 、、及平面α,且a 、b ≠⊂α.条件甲:,m a m b ⊥⊥;条件乙:m ⊥α,则“条件乙成立”是“条件甲成立”的…………………………………………( ) A .充分非必要条件. B .必要非充分条件.C .充要条件.D .既非充分也非必要条件.16.若实数x y 、满足约束条件0,0,2240,360;x y x y x y ≥⎧⎪≥⎪⎨+-≤⎪⎪-++≥⎩则目标函数23z x y =-的最小值是…( )A .6.B .0.C .72-.D .24-.17.现给出如下命题:(1)若某音叉发出的声波可用函数0.002sin800()y t t R +=π∈描述,其中t 的单位是秒,则该声波的频率是400赫兹;(2)在ABC ∆中,若222c a b ab =++,则3C π∠=; (3)从一个总体中随机抽取一个样本容量为10的样本:11,10,12,10,9,8,9,11,12,8则其中正确命题的序号是………………………………………………………………( ) A .(1)、(2). B .(1)、(3). C .(2)、(3). D .(1)、(2)、(3).18.已知ABC ∆的三边分别是a b c 、、,且*()a b c a b c N ≤≤∈、、,当*()b n n N =∈时,记满足条件的所有三角形的个数为n a ,则数列{}n a 的通项公式n a =………………( )A .21n -.B .(1)2n n +. C .21n +. D .n .三、解答题(本大题满分74分) 本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题卷的相应编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤. 19.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分6分. 如图3所示的几何体,是由棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -截去一个角后所得的几何体.(1)试画出该几何体的三视图;(主视图投影面平行平面11DCC D ,主视方向如图所示。
2012届高三物理下册第二次联考检测试题
2012 届高三物理下册第二次联考检测试题上海市十校2011 —2012 学年度高三第二学期考试物理试题说明:1.答卷前,考生务势必学校、班级、姓名、准考据号、座位号填写清楚.;2.本试卷满分 150 分,考试时间 120 分钟,考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将答案写在答题卷上,写在试卷上不得分;3.本卷取 g=10/s2 ,sin370=0 . 6, cos370=0 . 8。
第 I 卷一、单项选择题(每题 2 分,共 16 分)1.以下物理量中属于矢量的是()A .重力势能B.电流强度c.功D.磁感强度2.贝克勒尔发现天然放射现象,揭露了()c .原子核还可再分D.原子核由质子和中子构成3.恒星是有寿命的,每一颗恒星都有其出生、存在和死亡的过程,一颗恒星的寿命取决于它的()A .温度 B.质量 c.体积 D.亮度4.以下与静电有关的图中,属于防备静电的是()5.在空间某一点以大小相等的速度分别竖直上抛、竖直下抛、水平抛出质量相等的小球,不计空气阻力,经过相等的时间(设小球均未落地)()A .做竖直下抛运动的小球加快度最大B.三个小球的速度变化同样c .做平抛运动的小球速度变化最小D.做竖直下抛的小球速度变化最小6.以下说法正确的选项是()A.地表物体所受的重力就是地球对它的万有引力B.共点力就是指作用于物体上同一点的力c.作使劲与反作使劲必定同时产生、同时消逝D.向心力是依据性质命名的力7.教室两个门都安装有锁,同学清晨到校时,只需翻开此中一扇门,同学们就能够进教室.这里的“翻开两扇门”和“同学进教室”之间表现了某种逻辑关系,以下门电路中也拥有这类逻辑关系的是()`8 .以下图,物块 A 放在倾斜的木板上,改变木板与水平面之间的夹角θ,发现当θ=30o 和θ =45o 时物块A 所受的摩擦力大小恰巧相等,则物块 A 与木板之间的动摩擦因数大小为()A. B.c. D.二、单项选择题(每题 3 分,共 24 分)9.以下对于光波和声波的认识,正确的选项是()A.光波和声波是同样实质的波,但它们在空气中流传的速度不一样B.光波、声波都拥有波粒二象性c.光波和声波都是横波,都能发生干预和衍射D.因为声波的波长比光波的波长长得多,因此流传时很简单绕过几米长度的阻碍物10.以下图,竖直搁置的条形磁铁中央,有一闭合金属弹性圆环,条形磁铁中心线与弹性环轴线重合,现将弹性圆环平均向外扩大,以下说法中正确的选项是()A.穿过弹性圆环的磁通量增大B.从上往下看,弹性圆环中有顺时针方向的感觉电流c.弹性圆环中无感觉电流D.弹性圆环遇到的安培力方向沿半径向外11 .一物体作匀加快直线运动,经过一段位移△x 所用的时间为t1 ,紧接着经过下一段位移△x 所用时间为t2 。
上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三二模语文试卷及答案
上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试语文试卷?一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1-6题。
(16分)???????????????????????????????? ?卖桔者言?张五常①作为一个研究价格理论的人,我对实证工作好之成癖。
要了解玉石市场的运作,我曾在广东卖玉。
在美国研究原油价格时,我曾到油田及炼油厂调查了好几个月。
理论若经不起实证的考验,是很难站得住的。
一个有实据在手的后起之秀,有时只要用三招两式,就可把一个纯理论的高手杀得片甲不留。
②香港年宵市场在年宵(除夕)的那一晚,需求的变动极快极大。
变动的方向大致上大家都预先知道。
1000块钱一枝的桃花可在几个钟头之间变得一文不值。
若不是买卖双方在期待上有了错误,上好的桃花哪会有弃于街头的明显浪费?同样一枝花,有人用200元买也有人用50元买,如何理解?年宵货品不断变动的价格是怎样决定的?买卖双方期待上的错误是怎样产生的?这些问题既困难又重要。
③要在这些问题上多一点了解,我决定在年宵的那一晚亲自卖桔。
这算是我第二次的经验。
第一次是一年前的年宵。
那次连天大雨,年宵当晚更是倾盆而下。
摆了数天的桔子十之八九都因雨水过多而掉了下来。
我知道大势已去,无心恋战,数十元一盆成本的四季桔,以5元清盘了事,蚀了数千元。
④今年卷土重来,也是意不在酒。
入货200多盆,每盆成本40元。
送了一小部分给亲友,余下大约二百盆就在年宵晚上8时起,在一个行人众多的空地盘出售。
我和三个朋友一起出售的是四季桔,邻近地盘少有卖桔的人,所以到凌晨三时半便将桔子全部卖出。
全部卖出并不一定有钱赚,赚钱与否是要看每盆桔子平均售价的高低。
在我们一定要全部卖出的局限下,入货的多少,价格转变的快慢,价格高低的分布,讨价还价的手法,都有很大的决定性。
我们200盆的平均售价大约是每盆55元(最高80元,最低20元)。
我们所赚得的就是那些送给亲友的桔子。
而我自己从卖桔所领悟到的经济含义,却是大有所值!⑤9时左右,客似云来。
2012年上海黄浦_高三数学二模_含答案
2012年上海市嘉定、黄浦区高三年级第二次模拟考试数学试卷(理科)(2012年4月12日)考生注意:1.每位考生应同时收到试卷和答题卷两份材料,解答必须在答题卷上进行,写在试卷上的解答一律无效.2.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号等相关信息在答题卷上填写清楚. 3.本试卷共23道试题,满分150分;考试时间120分钟.一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14小题,考生应在答题卷相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每题填对得4分,否则一律得零分. 1.函数12()log (21)f x x =+的定义域为 .2.若双曲线221xy m-=的一个焦点为F (2,0),则实数m = .3.若2x 3ππ≤≤,则方程2sin 10x +=的解x = .4.已知幂函数()y f x =存在反函数,若其反函数的图像经过点1(,9)3,则该幂函数的解析式()f x = .5.一盒中有7件正品,3件次品,无放回地每次取一件产品,直至取到正品.已知抽取次数ξ的概率分布律如下表:.6.一名工人维护甲、乙两台独立的机床,若在一小时内,甲、乙机床需要维护的概率分别为0.9、0.85,则两台机床都不需要维护的概率为 .7.已知z ∈C ,z 为z 的共轭复数,若10110i 0z zz=(i 是虚数单位),则z = . 8.已知α、0,2βπ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,若5c o s ()13αβ+=,4sin()5αβ-=-,则c o s 2α= .9.如图,已知圆柱的轴截面11ABB A 是正方形,C 是圆柱下底面弧AB 的中点,1C 是圆柱上底面弧11A B 的中点,那么异面 直线1AC 与B C 所成角的正切值为 .AB1A 1C 1B10.若过圆C:1,1,x y θθ⎧=+⎪⎨=-+⎪⎩(02θ<π≤)上一点(1,0)P -作该圆的切线l ,则切线l 的方程为 .11.若(12)n x +(*n ∈N )二项展开式中的各项系数和为n a ,其二项式系数和为n b ,则=+-++∞→nn n n n b a a b 11lim.12.设集合{1,}P x =,{1,2,}Q y =,其中,{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}x y ∈,且P Q ⊆.若将满足上述条件的每一个有序整数对(,)x y 看作一个点,则这样的点的个数为 . 13.已知函数2()|2|f x x ax a =-+(x ∈R ),给出下列四个命题:① 当且仅当0a =时,()f x 是偶函数; ② 函数()f x 一定存在零点; ③ 函数在区间(,]a -∞上单调递减;④ 当01a <<时,函数()f x 的最小值为2a a -. 那么所有真命题的序号是 .14.已知△FAB ,点F 的坐标为(1,0),点A 、B 分别在图中抛物线24y x =及圆22(1)4x y -+=的实线部分上运动,且AB 总是平行于x 轴,那么△FAB 的周长的取值范围为 .二、选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题卷的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分. 15.已知空间三条直线a 、b 、m 及平面α,且a 、b ≠⊂α.条件甲:m a ⊥,m b ⊥;条件乙:m α⊥,则“条件乙成立”是“条件甲成立”的………………………………………( ) A .充分非必要条件 B .必要非充分条件 C .充分且必要条件D .既非充分也非必要条件16.已知a 、0b >,则下列不等式中不一定成立的是……………………………………( )A .2a b ba+≥B .11()()4a b ab +⋅+≥C.2ab a b+≥ D.a b ++17.已知△A B C 的三边分别是a b c 、、,且a b c ≤≤(*a b c ∈N 、、),若当b n =(*n ∈N )时,记满足条件的所有三角形的个数为n a ,则数列{}n a 的通项公式…………………( ) A .21n a n =-B .(1)2n n n a +=C .21n a n =+D .n a n =18.已知O 、A 、B 、C 是同一平面上不共线的四点,若存在一组正实数1λ、2λ、3λ,使得1230O A O B O C λλλ++=,则三个角AO B ∠、BO C ∠、C O A ∠………………………( ) A .都是钝角 B .至少有两个钝角 C .恰有两个钝角D .至多有两个钝角三、解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题卷相应的编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分4分.已知三棱锥P ABC -,PA ⊥平面A B C ,AB AC ⊥,4AB AC ==,5AP =.(1)求二面角P BC A --的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示). (2)把△PAB (及其内部)绕PA 所在直线旋转一周形成一几何体,求该几何体的体积V .20.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分6分.已知函数22()cos cos sin 1f x x x x x =⋅+--(x ∈R ) (1)求函数()y f x =的单调递增区间; (2)若5[,]123x ππ∈-,求()f x 的取值范围.21.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分7分,第2小题满分7分.某高科技企业研制出一种型号为A 的精密数控车床,A 型车床为企业创造的价值逐年减少(以投产一年的年初到下一年的年初为A 型车床所创造价值的第一年).若第1年A 型车床创造的价值是250万元,且第1年至第6年,每年A 型车床创造的价值减少30万元;从第7年开始,每年A 型车床创造的价值是上一年价值的50%.现用n a (*n ∈N )表示A 型车床在第n 年创造的价值.ABCP(1)求数列{}n a (*n ∈N )的通项公式n a ; (2)记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,n n S T n=.企业经过成本核算,若100n T >万元,则继续使用A 型车床,否则更换A 型车床.试问该企业须在第几年年初更换A 型车床? (已知:若正数数列{}n b 是单调递减数列,则数列12n b b b n +++⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭也是单调递减数列).22.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分6分.已知定点(2,0)F ,直线:2l x =-,点P 为坐标平面上的动点,过点P 作直线l 的垂线,垂足为点Q ,且F Q PF PQ ⊥+ ().设动点P 的轨迹为曲线C . (1)求曲线C 的方程;(2)过点F 的直线1l 与曲线C 有两个不同的交点A 、B ,求证:111||||2A FB F +=;(3)记OA 与OB的夹角为θ(O 为坐标原点,A 、B 为(2)中的两点),求cos θ的取值范围.23.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分8分,第3小题满分6分.对*n ∈N ,定义函数2()()n f x x n n =--+,1n x n -≤≤.(1)求证:()n y f x =图像的右端点与1()n y f x +=图像的左端点重合;并回答这些端点在哪条直线上.(2)若直线n y k x =与函数2()()n f x x n n =--+,1n x n -≤≤(2n ≥,*n ∈N )的图像有且仅有一个公共点,试将n k 表示成n 的函数.(3)对*n ∈N ,2n ≥,在区间[0,]n 上定义函数()y f x =,使得当1m x m -≤≤(*m ∈N ,且1m =,2,…,n )时,()()m f x f x =.试研究关于x 的方程()n f x k x =(0x n ≤≤,*n ∈N )的实数解的个数(这里的n k 是(2)中的n k ),并证明你的结论.2011学年嘉定、黄浦区高三年级第二次模拟考试数学试卷(理科)参考答案和评分标准(2012年4月12日)说明:1.本解答仅列出试题的一种或两种解法,如果考生的解法与所列解答不同,可参考解答中的评分精神进行评分.2.评阅试卷,应坚持每题评阅到底,不要因为考生的解答中出现错误而中断对该题的评阅,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响了后继部分,但该步以后的解答未改变这一题的内容和难度时,可视影响程度决定后面部分的给分,这时原则上不应超过后面部分应给分数之半,如果有较严重的概念性错误,就不给分.一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14小题,考生应在答题卷相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每题填对得4分,否则一律得零分. 1.1(,)2-+∞ 2.3 3.67π4.12x - 5.118 6.0.0157.0或i - 8.6365910.220x y -+= 11.13-12.1413.①④ 14.(4,6)二、选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题卷的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分. 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B三、解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题卷相应的编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分4分.[解](1)解法一:设B C 的中点D ,联结AD ,PD ,易知在等腰三角形P B C 、A B C 中,PD BC ⊥,AD BC ⊥,故PD A ∠为二面角P BC A --的平面角. (2分)在等腰R t △A B C 中,由4AB AC ==及AB AC ⊥,得AD =. 由PA ⊥平面A B C ,得PA AD ⊥. 在R t △PAD中,tan 4PA PD A AD∠== (6分) 故二面角P BC A --的大小为arc tan4. (8分)解法二:如图建立空间直角坐标系,可得各点的坐标(0,0,0)A ,(4,0,0)B ,(0,4,0)C ,(0,0,5)P .于是(4,0,5)PB =- ,(4,4,0)BC =-. (2分)由PA ⊥平面A B C ,得平面A B C 的一个法向量1(0,0,1)n =.设2(,,)n u v w =是平面P B C 的一个法向量.因为2n PB ⊥ ,2n BC ⊥ ,所以20n PB ⋅= ,20n BC ⋅=, 即450u w -=,440u v -+=,解得45w u =,v u =,取5u =,得2(5,5,4)n =- . (4分)设1n 与2n 的夹角为ϕ,则1212cos 33n n n n ϕ⋅==. (6分) 结合图可判别二面角P BC A --是个锐角,它的大小为33. (8分)(2)由题设,所得几何体为圆锥,其底面半径为4,高为5. 该圆锥的体积21805433V π=⨯⨯π⨯=. (12分)20.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分6分.[解](1)由题设()2cos 212sin(2)16f x x x x π=+-=+-, (2分)由222262k x k ππππ-+π+≤≤,解得36k x k πππ-π+≤≤,故函数()y f x =的单调递增区间为,36k k ππ⎡⎤π-π+⎢⎥⎣⎦(k ∈Z ). (6分) (2)由5123x ππ-≤≤,可得22366x ππ5π-+≤≤. (7分)考察函数sin y x =,易知1sin(2)16x π+-≤≤, (10分)于是32sin(2)116x π+--≤≤.故()y f x =的取值范围为[3,1]-. (12分)21.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分7分,第2小题满分7分.[解](1)由题设,知1a ,2a ,…,6a 构成首项1250a =,公差30d =-的等差数列. 故28030n a n =-(6n ≤,*n ∈N )(万元). (3分)7a ,8a ,…,n a (7n ≥,*n ∈N )构成首项761502a a ==,公比12q =的等比数列.故71502n n a -⎛⎫=⨯ ⎪⎝⎭(7n ≥,*n ∈N )(万元). (6分)于是,728030,16150,72n n n n a n --⎧⎪=⎨⎛⎫⨯⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎩≤≤≥(*n ∈N )(万元). (7分)(2)由(1)知,{}n a 是单调递减数列,于是,数列{}n T 也是单调递减数列. 当16n ≤≤时,26515n n S T n n==-,{}n T 单调递减,6175100T =>(万元). 所以100n T >(万元).当7n ≥时,66110010501001115022n n n n S T n n n--⎡⎤⎛⎫+⨯-⎢⎥⎪-⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦===, (9分) 当11n =时,11104T >(万元);当12n =时,1296T <(万元). (13分) 所以,当12n ≥,*n ∈N 时,恒有96n T <.故该企业需要在第11年年初更换A 型车床. (14分) 22.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分6分.[解](1)设点P 的坐标为(,)x y . (1分)由题意,可得(2,)Q y -,(4,)FQ y =- ,(2,)PF x y =-- ,(2,0)PQ x =--.(3分) 由F Q 与PF PQ + 垂直,得()0FQ PF PQ ⋅+=,即28y x =(0x ≥). (6分)因此,所求曲线C 的方程为28y x =(0x ≥).[证明](2)因为过点F 的直线1l 与曲线C 有两个不同的交点A 、B ,所以1l 的斜率不为零,故设直线1l 的方程为2x my =+. (7分)于是A 、B 的坐标11(,)x y 、22(,)x y 为方程组28,2,y x x m y íï=ïìï=+ïî的实数解.消x 并整理得28160y my --=. (8分)于是12128,16,y y m y y +=⎧⎨=-⎩进一步得2121284,4.x x m x x ⎧+=+⎪⎨=⎪⎩ (10分)又因为曲线28y x =(0x ≥)的准线为2x =-, 所以12121212411111||||222()42x x FA FB x x x x x x +++=+==+++++,得证. (12分)(3)由(2)可知,11(,)O A x y =uur ,22(,)O B x y =uu u r.于是cos ||||OA OBOA OB q ?===×uur uu u r uur uu u r ,(16分)可求得cos q =的取值范围为3,05轹÷ê-÷÷êøë. (18分) 23.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.[证明](1)由()n f n n =得()n y f x =图像右端点的坐标为(,)n n ,由1()n f n n +=得1()n y f x +=图像左端点的坐标为(,)n n ,故两端点重合. (2分)并且对*n ∈N ,这些点在直线y x =上. (4分) [解](2)由题设及(1)的结论,两个函数图像有且仅有一个公共点,即方程2()n x n n k x --+=在1n x n -≤≤上有两个相等的实数根.整理方程得22(2)0n x k n x n n +-+-=,由22(2)4()0n k n n n ∆=---=,解得2n k n =± (8分) 此时方程的两个实数根1x ,2x 相等,由122n x x n k +=-,得122[2(22nn k x x n n -===-±=,因为121n x x n -=≤≤,所以只能2n k n =-(2n ≥,*n ∈N ).(10分) (3)当2n ≥时,2n k n =-=,可得12n k <<,且n k 单调递减. (14分)① 当3n ≥时,对于21i n -≤≤,总有1n i k k <<,亦即直线n y k x =与函数()i f x 的图像总有两个不同的公共点(直线n y k x =在直线y x =与直线i y k x =之间).对于函数1()f x 来说,因为12n k <<,所以方程1()n k x f x =有两个解:10x =,22n x k =-(0,1)∈.此时方程()n f x k x =(0x n ≤≤,*n ∈N )的实数解的个数为2(1)121n n -+=-.(16分)② 当2n =时,因为212k <<,所以方程21()k x f x =有两个解.此时方程2()f x k x =(02x ≤≤)的实数解的个数为3. (17分)综上,当2n ≥,*n ∈N 时,方程()n f x k x =(0x n ≤≤,*n ∈N )的实数解的个数为21n -. (18分)。
上海市嘉定区、黄浦区2012届高三第二次模拟考试 (化学)(2012嘉定黄浦二模).pdf
Module 8 On the town Unit 2 It’s a wonderful town! 夜生活n. 音乐剧n. 日本的adj. 工业n. 贸易n. 扮演……角色 在露天 nightlife musical Japanese industry trade play the role of in the open air Lead in Look at the photo and say what type of entertainment or sport you can see. Activity 1 Read the passage. Which paragraph describes what you can see in the photo? Activity 2 New York Do you know? Lincoln Centre 林肯中心 One of the most important things to see at Christmas is the Nutcracker by the New York City Ballet at Lincoln Centre. Presentation Carnegie Hall 卡内基音乐厅 Carnegie Hall is well-known for its concerts of all types of music, classical and modern. Do you know? Do you know? Broadway 百老汇Broadway is not just a street but an area of New York. There you can see some of the biggest and the best plays and musicals, such as Evita, Cats and The Phantom of the Opera(歌剧魅影). Central Park (美国纽约) 中央公园 If you ever come to New York in summer, remember to spend a day in Central Park watching a play by Shakespeare in the open air, with famous actors from Broadway and Hollywood. Do you know? Do you know? New York’s nightlife New York’s nightlife includes discos, like the Limelight, and night clubs. In fact, it’s easy to see why they call it “the city that never sleeps”. Phrases in this unit 有许多的机会做某事 ……的主题 预订票 以……而出名 大量的…… 处置 以……开始…… 以……结束…… 在露天 建议做某事 对……印象深刻 同意做某事 have plenty of chances to do sth. the subject of…book tickets be well-known for a huge number of… do with start up…with… end up…with… in the open air suggest doing sth. be impressed with… agree to do sth. Broadway (百老汇)直译为“宽街”。
上海市嘉定黄浦区届高三月第二次模拟考试生命科学.doc
2012 年 4 月 116. A. 图乙所示结构取自图甲中的①或③B. 与光合作用有关的酶全部分布在图乙所示结构上C. 图乙所示的结构是合成H+并消耗ATP 的场所叶绿体以图甲③的形式扩大膜的表面积右图是由三个圆所构成的类别关系图,下列各项符合这种类别A. I 能源物质、II 脂肪、III 核酸B. I 无性生殖、II 出芽生殖、III 营养生殖C. I 干扰素、II 维生素、III 抗生素I 蛋白质、II 酶、III 激素7. 一种二肽的化学式是C 8H 14N 2O 5,水解后得到丙氨酸(R 基为-CH 3)和另一种氨基酸X, 则X 的化学式是C5H7NO3 C5H9NO4 C 5HuNO 5C5H7NO4黄浦区2012年咼考模拟考生命科学试卷(完卷时间:120分钟,满分150分)日考生注意:1. 本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷两部分。
全卷共12页。
2. 考生应用2B 铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上第I 卷(共60分)一、单选题(每题2分,共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项)1. ....................................................................................................................................... 通过对烟草花叶病毒的化学成分分析,发现与它相类似的结构是 ..................... ()A. 核糖体B. 中心体C. 染色体D. 线粒体2. 人眼中,调节视物成像距离的结构是() A. 角膜B.晶状体C.玻璃体D.视细胞3. 酶工程生产的尿糖试纸可以用于测试尿糖的含量,被固定在纸条上的酶是 ......... ()%1 葡萄糖氧化酶 ②唾液淀粉酶③过氧化氢酶 ④葡聚糖酶A.①③B.②③C.①④D.②④4. 下列与细胞器相关的叙述中,正确的是 ....................................... ()A. 蓝藻细胞中有的酶在核糖体上合成后,再由内质网和高尔基体加工B. 分泌蛋白合成旺盛的细胞中,高尔基体膜成分的更新速度快C. 溶酶体能吞噬并杀死侵入细胞的病毒或病菌,但不能分解衰老的细胞器D. 植物细胞叶绿体产生的ATP 主要用于主动运输等过程5. 右图甲为叶绿体结构模式图,图乙是从图甲中取出的部分结构放大图。
2012年上海市黄埔区高考物理一模试卷(含详解)
2012年上海市黄埔区高考物理一模试卷一、单项选择题(40分)Ⅰ单项选择题.(16分.本题共8小题,每小题2分,每小题给出的四个答案中,只有一个是正确的.把正确答案选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填涂在答题卷相应的位置上.)1.(2分)在物理学发展的过程中,许多物理学家的科学研究推动了人类文明的进程.在对以下几位物理学家所作科学贡献的叙述中,正确的说法是()A.牛顿用实验的方法测出万有引力常量GB.法拉第发现了通电导线的周围存在磁场C.欧姆发现了欧姆定律,说明了热现象和电现象之间存在联系D.胡克认为只有在一定的条件下,弹簧的弹力才与弹簧的形变量成正比2.(2分)某物体做直线运动,遵循的运动方程为x=6t﹣t2(其中,x单位为m,t单位为s).则该物体在0~4s时间内经过的路程为()A.8m B.9m C.10m D.11m3.(2分)假设航天飞机在太空绕地球作匀速圆周运动.宇航员利用机械手将卫星举到机舱外,并相对航天飞机静止释放该卫星,则被释放的卫星将()A.停留在轨道的被释放处B.随航天飞机同步绕地球作匀速圆周运动C.向着地球做自由落体运动D.沿圆周轨道的切线方向做直线运动4.(2分)关于静电场,下列说法正确的是()A.电势等于零的物体一定不带电B.电场强度为零的点,电势一定为零C.同一电场线上的各点,电势一定相等D.负电荷沿电场线方向移动时,电势能一定增加5.(2分)关于力和运动的关系,下列说法中正确的是()A.物体受到外力作用,其运动状态一定改变B.物体做曲线运动,说明其受到合外力为变力C.物体受到不变的合外力的作用,其加速度一定不变D.物体做匀速圆周运动,其受到的合外力一定不变6.(2分)图表是某逻辑电路的真值表,该电路是()输入输出001010100110A.B.C.D.7.(2分)在水平面上作直线运动的甲、乙、丙三辆小车的质量之比是1:2:3,若它们的初速度相等,且作用于每辆小车上的制动力的大小都相同,方向与各自的速度方向相反,则它们的制动距离之比是()A.1:2:3B.1:4:9C.1:1:1D.3:2:1 8.(2分)如图所示,一矩形闭合线圈在匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁场方向的转轴OO′以恒定的角速度ω转动,从线圈平面与磁场方向平行的位置开始计时,则在时刻()A.线圈中的感应电流最大B.穿过线圈的磁通量最大C.线圈中的感应电动势最小D.穿过线圈磁通量的变化率最小Ⅱ单项选择题.(24分.本题共8小题,每小题3分,每小题给出的四个答案中,只有一个是正确的.把正确答案选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填涂在答题卷相应的位置上.)9.(3分)如图所示为某一点电荷Q产生的电场中的一条电场线,A、B为电场线上的两点,当电子以某一速度沿电场线由A运动到B的过程中,动能增加,则可以判断()A.场强大小E A>E BB.电势ϕA>ϕBC.电场线方向由B指向AD.若Q为负电荷,则Q在B点右侧10.(3分)如图所示,某中学科技小组制作了利用太阳能驱动小车的装置.当太阳光照射到小车上方的光电板时,光电板中产生的电流经电动机带动小车前进.小车在平直的公路上静止开始匀加速行驶,经过时间t,速度为v时功率达到额定功率,并保持不变;小车又继续前进了s距离,达到最大速度v max.设小车的质量为m,运动过程所受阻力恒为f,则小车的额定功率为()A.fv B.fv maxC.D.11.(3分)如图所示,物体A和B的质量均为m,且分别与轻绳连接跨过定滑轮,现用力拉物体B,使它沿水平面向右做匀速运动,物体B从C运动到D 的过程中,物体A克服重力做功为W1,从D运动到E的过程中,物体A克服重力做功为W2.如果CD和DE的距离相等,在此过程中,绳子对物体A 的拉力大小为T,下列说法中正确的是()A.W1<W2,T>mg B.W1>W2,T<mg C.W1>W2,T >mg D.W1<W2,T<mg12.(3分)某质点做简谐运动,下列说法中正确的是()A.质点通过平衡位置时,速度最大,加速度最大B.若位移为负值,则速度一定为正值,加速度也一定为正值C.质点每次通过平衡位置时,加速度不一定相同,速度也不一定相同D.质点每次通过同一位置时,其速度不一定相同,但加速度一定相同13.(3分)如图所示,将小球a从地面以初速度v0竖直上抛的同时,将另一相同质量的小球b从距地面h处以初速度v0水平抛出,两球恰好同时到达同一水平高度处(不计空气阻力).下列说法中正确的是()A.两小球落地时的速度相同B.两小球落地时,重力的瞬时功率相同C.从开始运动到两球到达同一水平高度,球a动能的减少量等于球b动能的增加量D.到达同一水平的高度后的任意时刻,重力对球a做功功率和对球b做功功率相等14.(3分)如图所示的匀强电场E的区域内,由A、B、C、D、A′、B′、C′、D′作为顶点构成一正方体空间,电场方向与面ABCD垂直。
黄浦区2012学年高考模拟-物理批注版
黄浦区2012学年高考模拟考物理试卷2013年4月10日(本卷测试时间为120分钟,满分150分)考生注意:1.答卷前,务必将姓名、准考证号等填写清楚;2.第I 卷(1—20题)由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题卷上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应,不能错位。
答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷上一律不给分;3.第II 卷(21-33题)考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将答案写在答题卷上。
第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
第I 卷(共56分)一、单项选择题(共16分,每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
) 1.下列单位属于国际单位制中基本单位的是( ) (A )牛顿(N )(B )安培(A )(C )特斯拉(T )(D )库仑(C )2.关于液体的微观结构,下列说法正确的是( ) (A )液体分子间距离很大,相互作用力很弱 (B )液体分子在杂乱无章地运动,无任何规律性 (C )液体分子在振动,但无确定的平衡位置(D )液体分子排列整齐,在确定的平衡位置附近振动3.关于能量转化与守恒的理解,下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )凡是能量守恒的过程就一定会发生 (B )摩擦生热的过程是不可逆过程(C )空调机既能制热又能制冷,说明热传递不存在方向性(D )由于能量的转化过程符合能量守恒定律,所以不会发生能源危机4.下面是历史上发现原子内部结构的几个著名实验的装置图,其中发现质子的装置是( )5.某单色光照射某金属时不能产生光电效应,下列措施中可能使该金属产生光电效应的是( )(A ) (B )(C ) (D )(A )延长光照时间 (B )增大光的强度(C )换用频率较低的光照射 (D )换用波长较短的光照射6.关于自由落体运动,下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )在任何相等的时间内速度的变化量相等 (B )在连续相等的位移内平均速度相等 (C )在连续相等的位移内所用时间相等 (D )在任何相等的时间内位移的变化相等7.日本福岛核电站核泄漏事故的污染物中含有131x I ,这种放射性核素通过一系列衰变能产生对人体有危害的辐射,131x I 的衰变过程为131x I →13154Xe +0-1e ,则131x I 原子核中质子数和中子数分别为( ) (A )77和54 (B )78和53 (C )54和77 (D )53和788.一个单摆在竖直平面内做小幅振动,周期为2s 。
上海市黄浦区高三物理第二次模拟考试试题沪科版
上海市黄浦区2013年高考物理二模试卷一、第I卷单项选择题(共16分,每小题2分.每小题只有一个正确选项.)4.(2分)(2013•黄浦区二模)下面是历史上发现原子内部结构的几个著名实验的装置图,...D .5.(2分)(2013•黄浦区二模)某单色光照射某金属时不能产生光电效应,下列措施中可能6.(2分)(2013•黄浦区二模)关于自由落体运动,下列说法中正确的是()7.(2分)(2013•黄浦区二模)日本福岛核电站核泄漏事故的污染物中含有,这种放射性核素通过一系列衰变能产生对人体有危害的辐射,的衰变过程为→+则原子核中质子数和中子数分别为()8.(2分)(2013•黄浦区二模)一个单摆在竖直平面内做小幅振动,周期为2s.如果从单摆二、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,满分24分)9.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)为了节约用电,一种新型双门电冰箱安装了如下控制装置:只要有一扇门没有关紧,报警器就鸣响.如果规定:门关紧时输入信号为“1”,未关紧时输入信号为“0”;当输出信号为“1”时,报警器就鸣响,输出信号为“0”时,报警器就10.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,用绝缘细线将两个带有同种电荷的小球悬挂在天花板上,静止时悬线与竖直方向的夹角分别为θ1和θ2,且θ1>θ2,两小球在同一水平面内.已知两小球的质量分别为m1、m2,带电量分别为q1、q2.则下列说法正确的是()11.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)把一个上为平面、下为球面的凸透镜平放在平行玻璃板上,如图所示,现用单色光垂直于平面照射,在装置的上方向下观察,可以看到一系列的同心圆,下列说法正确的是()12.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,一只半球形碗倒扣在水平桌面上处于静止状态,球的半径为R,质量为m的蚂蚁只有在离桌面的高度大于或等于R时,才能停在碗上,若最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,那么蚂蚁和碗面间的动摩擦因数为().所以13.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)小车上有一根固定的水平横杆,横杆左端固定的斜杆与竖直方向成θ角,斜杆下端连接一质量为m的小铁球.横杆右端用一根细线悬挂一相同的小铁球,当小车在水平面上做直线运动时,细线保持与竖直方向成α角(α≠θ),设斜杆对小铁球的作用力为F,下列说法正确的是()F=F=;14.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)把一重为G的物体用一个水平推力F=kt(k为恒量,t为时间)压在竖直且足够高的平整的墙上,如图所示,若物体和竖直墙壁间的动摩擦因数为μ,则从t=0开始()t=t15.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)有一场强方向与x轴平行的静电场,电势φ随坐标x变化的图线如图所示,如规定x轴正方向为场强的正方向,则该静电场的场强E随x变化的图线应是图中的()....=E===1×1016.(3分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,一根上粗下细(上下两段各自粗细均匀)的玻璃管上端开口、下端封闭,上端足够长,下端有一段水银柱封闭了一定质量的理想气体.现对封闭气体缓慢加热,气体温度不断升高,水银柱上升,则下图中的图线最接近被封闭气体体积V和热力学温度T关系的是()由气态方程=nR,=c′=三、第I卷多项选择题(共16分,每小题4分.每小题有两个或三个正确选项.全选对的,得4分;选对但不全的,得2分;有选错或不答的,得0分.)17.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图(a)所示,A、B为相同的环形线圈,它们共轴且相距很近,线圈A中通有如图(b)所示的变化电流,则()18.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,实线为一电场中的等势面,是中心对称图形.a、b、c、d是以中心点为圆心的圆周上的四个点,则下列说法中正确的是()19.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,在地面上方等间距分布着足够多的、水平方向的条形匀强磁场,每一条形磁场区域的宽度及相邻区域的间距均为d.现有一边长为l(l <d)的正方形线框在离地高h处以水平初速度v0从左侧磁场边缘进入磁场,运动中线框平面始终竖直,最终落在地面上,不计空气阻力,则()线框在空中运动的时间一定为,则线框的运动的时间为,得20.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,A、B、C为某三角形板的三个顶点,其中∠C为钝角,A、B、C在同一水平面内.现使三角形板绕其中一个顶点在水平面内沿顺时针方向匀速转动,同时有一质点P沿三角形板的一条边做匀速运动,在P从一个顶点运动到另一顶点的过程中,P的合速度v的大小变化情况是()=,因为,因为,因为四、第II卷填空题(共20分,每小题4分.)本大题中第22题为分叉题,分A、B两类,考生可任选一类答题.若两类试题均做,一律按A类题计分.21.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)天然放射性元素放出的α、β、γ三种射线的贯穿本领和电离本领各不相同,图为这三种射线贯穿物体情况的示意图,①、②、③各代表一种射线.则③为γ射线,它的贯穿本领最强;射线①的电离本领最强(选填“最强”或“最弱”).22.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)水平面上质量为m的滑块A以速度v碰撞质量为2m/3的静止滑块B,碰撞后AB的速度方向相同,它们的总动量为mv ;如果滑块B获得的初速为v0,碰撞后滑块A的速度为.v′=24.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)两列简谐波分别沿x轴正方向和负方向传播,波速均为υ=0.4m/s,波源的振幅均为A=2cm.如图所示为t=0时刻两列波的图象,此刻平衡位置在x=0.2m和x=0.8m的P、Q两质点恰好开始振动.质点M的平衡位置位于x=0.5m处.则两列波相遇的时刻为t= 0.75 s,当t=2.0s时质点M运动的路程为20 cm.t===s=1s25.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)将一弹性绳一端固定在天花板上O点,另一端系在一个物体上,现将物体从O点处由静止释放,测出物体在不同时刻的速度v和到O点的距离s,得到的v﹣s图象如图所示.已知物体及位移传感器的总质量为5kg,弹性绳的自然长度为12m,则物体下落过程中弹性绳的平均拉力大小为76.0 N,当弹性绳上的拉力为100N时物体的速度大小为15.5 m/s.(不计空气阻力,重力加速度g取10m/s2)26.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图(a)所示为某种灯泡的U﹣I图象,现将两个这种小灯泡L1、L2与一个阻值为5Ω的定值电阻R连成如图(b)所示的电路,电源的电动势为E=6V,电键S闭合后,小灯泡L1与定值电阻R的电功率均为P,则P= 0.2 W,电源的内阻r= 2.5 Ω..五、实验题(共24分)27.(5分)(2013•黄浦区二模)为观察电磁感应现象,某学生将电流表、螺线管A和B、电池组、滑动变阻器、电键接成如图所示的实验电路:(1)(单选)该同学将线圈B放置在线圈A中,闭合、断开电键时,电流表指针都没有偏转,其原因是 A(A)电键的位置接错(B)电流表的正、负接线柱上导线接反(C)线圈B的两个接线柱上导线接反(D)蓄电池的正、负极接反(2)电路连接的错误改正后,该同学在闭合电键时发现电流表指针向右偏转,则如果向右移动滑动变阻器的滑片(滑动变阻器接入电路的方式仍然如图中所示),则电流表的指针向右(选填“左”或“右”)偏转.28.(4分)(2013•黄浦区二模)在“用单分子油膜估测单分子的大小”的实验中,按照酒精与油酸体积比为m:n配制油酸酒精溶液,现用滴管滴取油酸酒精溶液,N滴溶液的总体积为V.(1)用滴管将一滴油酸酒精溶液滴入浅盘,待稳定后将油酸薄膜轮廓描绘在坐标纸上,如图所示.已知坐标纸上每个小方格面积为S,则油膜面积为10S .(2)估算油酸分子直径的表达式为.(用题目中物理量的字母表示)==d=)29.(7分)(2013•黄浦区二模)某研究小组设计了一种“用一把尺子测定动摩擦因数”的实验方案.如图所示,A是可固定于水平桌面上任意位置的滑槽(滑槽末端与桌面相切),B 是质量为m的滑块(可视为质点).第一次实验,如图(a)所示,将滑槽末端与桌面右端M对齐并固定,让滑块从滑槽最高点由静止滑下,最终落在水平地面上的P点,测出滑槽最高点距离桌面的高度h、M距离地面的高度H、M与P间的水平距离x1;第二次实验,如图(b)所示,将滑槽沿桌面向左移动一段距离并固定,让滑块B再次从滑槽最高点由静止滑下,最终落在水平地面上的P′点,测出滑槽末端与桌面右端M的距离L、M与P′间的水平距离x2.(1)在第二次实验中,滑块在滑槽末端时的速度大小为x2.(用实验中所测物理量的符号表示,已知重力加速度为g).(2)(多选)通过上述测量和进一步的计算,可求出滑块与桌面间的动摩擦因数μ,下列能引起实验误差的是BCD(A)h的测量(B)H的测量(C)L的测量(D)x2的测量(3)若实验中测得h=15cm、H=25cm、x1=30cm、L=10cm、x2=20cm,则滑块与桌面间的动摩擦因数μ= 0.5 .)滑块在滑槽末端时的速度大小为:由①②式求得:﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣③)第一次测的速度为:物体在水平桌面上运动,由动能定理:﹣﹣﹣⑤由③④⑤式可得:)由=230.(8分)(2013•黄浦区二模)某同学用如图(a)所示的实验电路来测量电阻的阻值.适当调节滑动变阻器R′后保持其滑片位置不变,将电阻箱接入a、b之间,闭合电键S,改变电阻箱的阻值R,得到一组电压表的示数U与R的数据,在U﹣R坐标系中绘出的U﹣R图象如图(b)所示.(1)请用笔画线根据电路图在图(c)中画出缺少的两根导线.(2)(单选)在电路研究中常用某两个物理量间的关系图象来描述某个元件或某段电路的特征,图(b)中的图线反映的是 C(A)电源的特征(B)电阻箱的特征(C)a、b两点间这段电路的特征(D)待测电阻的特征(3)用待测电阻Rx替换电阻箱,读得电压表示数为5.0V,利用图(b)中的U﹣R图线可得Rx= 25.0 Ω.(4)使用较长时间后,电源的电动势可认为不变,但其内阻增大,若仍使用该装置和图(b)中的U﹣R图象来测定某一电阻,则测定结果将偏小(选填“偏大”或“偏小”).六、计算题(共50分)23.(2013•黄浦区二模)一探测飞船,在以X星球中心为圆心、半径为r1的圆轨道上运动,周期为T1,则X星球的质量为M= ;当飞船进入到离X星球表面更近的、半径为r2的圆轨道上运动时的周期为T2= .(已知引力常量为G)根据飞船的向心力由万有引力提供,即星球做圆周运动的向心力由万有引力提供,则有可得中,代入数据可得X星球的质量M=T=所以有即故答案为:31.(10分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,某三角支架ABO中,轻杆BO可绕通过O点的光滑轴转动,B端固定一质量为m的小球,A、B间用细绳连接,调节细绳长度,使AO⊥OB,且绳与轻杆间夹角为37°.用外力保持杆AO竖直,使整个装置沿水平方向做直线运动.已知重力加速度为g,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8.求:(1)当整个装置做匀速直线运动时,细绳AB、轻杆OB对小球的作用力分别为多大?(2)当整个装置沿水平方向以大小为a=g的加速度做匀变速运动时,细绳AB、轻杆OB对小球作用力分别为多大?=1.67mg=1.33mg32.(12分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,两端开口的U形玻璃管两边粗细不同,粗管B 的横截面积是细管A的2倍.管中装入水银,两管中水银面与管口距离均为12cm,大气压强为p0=75cmHg.(1)若用一活塞将细管A的管口封闭,并缓慢向下推活塞,保持封闭气体温度不变,当两管中水银面高度差为6cm时,活塞下移的距离为多少?(2)若将两管口均封闭,使细管A内封闭气体的温度从t=27℃开始缓慢升高,粗管B内气体温度不变,当两管中水银面高度差为6cm时,A管内封闭气体的温度为多少℃?=cm=11.11 cm=cmHg=90 cmHg=得=33.(14分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图所示,电源电动势为ε,内阻为r,滑动变阻器总阻值为3r,间距为d的两平行金属板AB、CD竖直放置,闭合电键S时,板间电场可视为匀强电场.板间有一长为L的绝缘细轻杆,能绕水平固定转轴O在竖直面内无摩擦转动,杆上端固定质量为m、带电量为+q的金属小球a,下端固定质量为2m、带电量为﹣q的金属小球b,已知Ob=2Oa,并且q=,两带电小球可视为点电荷,不影响匀强电场的分布,两电荷间相互作用力不计,重力加速度为g.现调节滑片P使其位于滑动变阻器的中点,闭合电键S,待电场稳定后:(1)求两极板间电场强度E的表达式;(2)将轻杆从如图位置顺时针转过θ时(θ<360°)由静止释放,轻杆恰能静止,求θ;(3)若将轻杆从如图位置由静止释放,轻杆将绕轴O顺时针转动,求小球a运动的最大速度.=;最大速度34.(14分)(2013•黄浦区二模)如图(a)所示,斜面倾角为37°,一宽为d=0.43m的有界匀强磁场垂直于斜面向上,磁场边界与斜面底边平行.在斜面上由静止释放一长方形金属线框,线框沿斜面下滑,下边与磁场边界保持平行.取斜面底部为零势能面,从线框开始运动到恰好完全进入磁场的过程中,线框的机械能E和位移s之间的关系如图(b)所示,图中①、②均为直线段.已知线框的质量为m=0.1kg,电阻为R=0.06Ω,重力加速度取g=10m/s2,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8.(1)求金属线框与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ;(2)求金属线框刚进入磁场到恰完全进入磁场所用的时间t;(3)求金属线框穿越磁场的过程中,线框中产生焦耳热的最大功率P m;(4)请在图(c)中定性地画出:在金属线框从开始运动到完全穿出磁场的过程中,线框中感应电流I的大小随时间t变化的图象.= s=0.125s=BIL==。
上海市嘉定区、黄浦区2012届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题.pdf
上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试 英语试卷 (完卷时间: 120分钟? 满分: 150分) 2012年4月12日下午 第I卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A. At a bakery. B. At a hotel.C. At a post office.D. At a birthday party. 2.A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.C. Boss and secretary.D. Customer and repairman. 3.A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes.C. 90 minutes.D. 120 minutes. 4.A. A best sailor. B. A latest book.C. A good business.D. An exciting story. 5.A. By going on a diet. B. By eating fruit and vegetables.C. By having fewer meals.D. By doing physical exercise. 6.A. It was interesting and easy to follow. B. It was far beyond his understanding.C. It was as difficult as he had expected.D. It was long but easy to understand. 7.A. The traffic is always very heavy. B. The man needn’t go to the airport.C. The subway is crowded at rush hours.D. The man had better take the subway. 8.A. The woman prefers going out. B. The woman will make the decision.C. The man agrees with the woman.D. The man would rather stay inside. 9.A. The man can tell Kelly the news the next day. B. The man shouldn’t tell Kelly the news at school. C. The man should tell Kelly’s brother the news. D. The man had better tell Kelly the news by himself. 10.A. The match will be put off due to the rain. B. The rain isn’t likely to influence the man’s team. C. The result of the match is sure to be affected. D. The rain will help the man’s team win the match. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11.A. To get better jobs. B. To save more money.C. To move into a larger apartment.D. To receive further education. 12.A. It had family-friendly politics.B. It owned a child-care center on site.C. It offered its staff excellent benefits.D. It rewarded employees with apartments. 13. A. Satisfied. B. Surprised.C. Confused. D. Interested. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. In 1185.B. In 1209.C. In 1386. D. In 1836. 15.A. Because many early learning centers were set up. B. Because Oxford and Cambridge were established. C. Because the largest expansion of universities occurred. D. Because independent universities came into existence. 16. A. Definition of universities.B. Development of universities.C. Finance for universities.D. Donations for universities. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each blank. Summer JobsWorking at KFC: It’s __17__.Cutting grass:One can earn $ __18__ each time. Working for a sports camp:It’s a(n) __19__ job.Serving at a hotel: One may get lots of __20__. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. How did Mrs. Carter feel in the morning?She felt all right when getting up but got a __21__ after breakfast. When did Mrs. Carter feel the pain again?After she had a little snack, a few __22__. When did Mrs. Carter feel the worst?About __23__ after lunch. What did the doctor advise Mrs. Carter to do?To__24__ before meals and not to eat too much. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. The key _____ success is to choose a right goal, plan your path and then get started.A. aboutB. ofC. toD. with 26. Ask yourself whether you have a balance between work and play. Too much of one creates a sacrifice or loss with _____.A. anotherB. the otherC. the othersD. others 27. Scientists estimate that plants and animals lived _____ 3.5 billion years ago.A. as far asB. as many asC. as long asD. as old as 28. Walking alone in the quiet town, Helen thought she _____ have invited John to enjoy the peace together.A. can’tB. needn’tC. shouldD. might 29. I stayed up late doing my homework yesterday, so I had trouble _____ up early this morning.A. getB. gettingC. gotD. to get 30. In the past two years, the number of campus bookstores offering rentals _____ from a few dozen to 1,500.A. jumpedB. had jumpedC. is jumpingD. has jumped 31. The long-held belief _____ certain foods increase intelligence has turned out to be a disappointment.A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. why 32. Not until the man in black took off his dark glasses _____ that he was the famous film star.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. was I realizedD. I have realized 33. Consumers are getting more sensible and buy only _____ they need in spite of all the advertisements they see.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether 34. A lot of new technology _____ into schools to make learning more effective these years.A. introducedB. has introducedC. was introducedD. is being introduced 35. Applicants _____ first language is not English are required to achieve a satisfactory standardin University-approved Test in English.A. whoseB. in whichC. whoD. that 36.“Have a nice day!” is a wonderful expression, _____ us, in effect, to enjoy the moment and to value this very day.A. remindsB. to remindC. to be remindingD. reminding 37.I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy a new iPad, _____.A. how much does it costB. however much it costsC. no matter how it costsD. however does it cost much 38. Facing a beggar, I may feel this poor person needs help, and the need will not be met _____ I put my hand in my pocket now.A. sinceB. in caseC. unlessD. while 39. Seed plants plants _____ from seeds need water, sunlight and mineral to grow vigorously.A. grownB. to growC. to be grownD. having grown 40. The Community Representative is a position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding and _____ some money.A. earnedB. to earningC. earningD. earn Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accidentallyB. accommodationC. admiringD. armedE. constantF. cyclistG. financiallyH. inspiredI. memoriesJ. wander Like many other young people, Lin Chi-ying (Vicky) and Chiang Chiu-ping (Pinky) dreamed of traveling the world. What makes them special is that they actually did it; what’s more, they did it on bicycles. At 18, Vicky read the famous Cycling Diary of Hu Rong-hua and was __41__ to take a bike tour of southern China by herself. In 1991, while riding along the island’s east coast, she met a Japanese__42__, who invited her to join him on a world cycling tour. In July 1998, they began their trip in Alaska. Vicky soon realized, however, that their travel philosophies were quite different. Her partner seemed intent on testing his endurance, while she preferred __43__ the fantastic scenery and meeting the locals. They parted after a month. Vicky cycled alone through the Rocky Mountains down to the western United States. By this time, her __44__ efforts to persuade her college friend, Pinky, to join her had succeeded. Once, in California, Vicky and Pinky were unable to find any cheap __45__, so they camped in a park. They were woken up by __46__ police officers, who told them camping there was illegal. In cities, they would __47__ through colleges and libraries, “in need of air-conditioning,” Pinky joked. Vicky and Pinky praise friends back in China who supported them __48__, as well as people who assisted them along the way. They have fond __49__ of the wonderful friendliness of the people in a Turkish village, where Vicky and Pinky farmed, cooked, and danced with the locals. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__. Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward. __53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself. All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed.Elderly women patted me on the head saying, “God Bless You!” with __58__ in their eyes. While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, “Lady, where did your legs go?” I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn’t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning her head upwards, she asked, “Did they go to ‘Leg Heaven’?” That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee. To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that havinga not-so-perfect body doesn’t mean having a poor quality of life. 50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatredD. sadness 51.A. crying withB. figuring out C. holding backD. dealing with 52.A. endure B. quitC. revenge D. succeed 53.A. Instead B. MoreoverC. HoweverD. Therefore 54.A. calmB. poor C. proud D. rare 55.A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding 56.A. turnB. hold C. catch D. avoid 57.A. softlyB. protectively C. reluctantlyD. pleasantly 58.A. pityB. angerC. depressionD. upset 59.A. curiosity B. determinationC. enthusiasmD. satisfaction 60.A. loseB. adjustC. remove D. stretch 61.A. differentlyB. positivelyC. strangelyD. sympathetically 62.A. painful B. potentialC. similarD. common 63.A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorantD. short 64.A. creativeB. flexibleC. positiveD. scientific Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) United States Olympic hockey coach Herb Brooks knew that he had a pool of good but young hockey players as he watched them play during the tryouts for the 1980 national team. He decided to choose the players who were the most aggressive and played the hardest. Brooks was pleased with his final choices. However, he knew his team would be the underdog if they faced the powerful team of professionals from the Soviet Union(USSR). During the week before the Olympics began, the U.S. team played the Soviets in an exhibition game and last badly, 10-3. In spite of the defeat, Brooks thought that if his team played up to their potential, they might be able to win a medal. After the 1980 Winter Olympic Games began in Lake Placid, New York, the United States was behind Sweden 2-1 in their first game. With a last-second shot, Bill Baker tied(与……打成平局) the game for the U.S. team. In the second round, the United States defeated Czechoslovakia 7-3. They defeated Norway 5-1 intheir next game and then defeated Romania 7-2. A 4-2 win over West Germany followed. With a record of four wins and one tie, the Americans advanced to the medal round. Their opponent was the powerful team from the USSR. The Soviet team had a record of five wins and no losses or ties. The Soviets took a 2-1 lead. Then, in the last second of the first period, the Americans tied the score. With 10 minutes left in the game, the Americans took the lead and held on for a slim 4-3 victory.Many sports fans consider this victory to be one of the greatest upsets in the history of sports. The U.S. team went on to defeat Finland for the gold medal by a score of 4-2. 65.What did Brooks think of his players before the 1980 Winter Olympic Games? A. They were too young to be the most aggressive. B. They were powerful enough to be the champion. C. They lacked potential yet they played the hardest. D. They were likely to win a medal if they did their best. 66.The word underdog in paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. leaderB. loserC. dog-tamerD. spectator 67.What was the U.S. hockey team’s record in the 1980 Winter Olympics?A. Four wins, one tie.B. Five wins, one tie.C. Six wins, one tie.D. Six wins, no losses. 68.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Bill Baker scored two goals in the game with the Sweden team. B. The Soviet team had the same record as the U.S. in the first round. C. The Soviet team lost the game with the U.S. just at the last minute. D. The U.S. team’s winning over the Soviets was out of expectation. (B) NEMSNEWRI Environmental Master of ScienceNEWRI: Nanyang Environment & Water Research InstituteBe a leader in environmental science and engineering through the NEMS programmeNEWRI Environmental Master of Science(NEMS) is a primary graduate education and research programme conducted by Nanyang Technological University’s (NTU’s) NEWRI, with summer attachment at Stanford University. It aims to train engineers and scientists to meet the increasing environmental challenges for Asia and the wider region. NEWRI-Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute NEWRI is enabling Singapore to be a global center of environmental science and technology in providing technological solutions to the world. It is committed to environmental and water technologies through its ecosystem of education, research and developmental activities. NEWRI is trying its best to pull together NTU’s water and environment-related centres and institutes, gathering one another’s strengths for the benefit of industry and society.Master of Science Applications ● Applications open now and close on 30 May 2012 for Singapore applicants. ● Graduates having relevant engineering or science background, including final-year students, are invited to apply. ● Applicants are required to have a certificate of GRE. Further information and application materials are available at the Website: http:// www. .sg/Graduate/NEMS Highlights of Programme: ★ Students spend a full summer term at Stanford taking regular courses and continue with the rest of their academic programme at NTU. ★ It is a 12-month full-time course in environmental science & engineering. ★Students under NEMS will have opportunities to do research projects under NEWRI as well as to continue for the Doctor’s degree. ★ Graduating students receive the NTU degree and a certificate from Stanford for their summer attachment. Scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses at both Stanford and NTU are available Enquiry contact: Ms Christian Soh Tel:(65) 6861 0507 Fax:(65) 68614606 Email: nems@.sg Information on other graduate programmes available at: 69. If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is essential for him to __________. A. have passed the GRE test B. make contact with Ms Soh C. possess a university diploma D. major in engineering or science 70. Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________. A. will first have regular courses at Stanford B. needn’t be released from their regular jobs C. are required to obtain a Doctor’s degree D. can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford 71. What’s the main purpose of the NEMS programme? A. To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses. B. To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford. C. To cultivate experts on environmental science and engineering. D. To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute. (C) The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial(冰川的)activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the islandsits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. 72.The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of __________. A. the drowning of the Maine coastline B. glacier’s forcing mountains into the sea C. the irregularity of the Maine coastline D. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range 73.From the passage, we learn that __________. A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age B. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastline C. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch D. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island 74.What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park? A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor. B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers. C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education. D. It is a border between the two geographical zones. 75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. Classifications of liars B. Everyone lies, more or less C. Gender impacts ways of lying D. Purposes of telling lies E. Reason why men lie more F. Women, more careful liars 76. It’s been said that “everybody lies sometimes.” And it’s true. Everyone does lie from time to time. Men lie; women lie. Husbands lie, friends lie, wives lie, and believe it or not, your mother might lie. A recent study showed that 91% of all people lie on a regular basis, and people tell at least 13 major lies a week. 77. The first thing one has to understand about lying is that there are at least five different types of liars: the model of absolute integrity, the real straight-shooter, the pragmatic fibber, a real Pinocchio and the compulsive liar, according to sociologist anthropologist Dr. Gina Graham Scott. 78. Dr. Robert G. Newby, the professor of sociology at Central Michigan University, believes that men are more likely to tell lies than women. “Men are more concerned about how they present themselves in public, the impression they make on people and things like that,” he says. “Men are always trying to impress people in the work and want to make sure that their presentation of self is one that makes them look good.” Women, on the other hand, Dr. Newby believes, are more private people and theirrelationship tends to be more interpersonal, as opposed to having to put on a public face. Women are more vulnerable and they are not as likely to try to pull the wool over someone’s eyes like men. 79. Dr Ronn Elmore, Los Angeles-based relationship counselor, does not believe that lying is based on gender. “But I believe when women lie it tends to be verbal, plain old-fashioned lies with words. But when men lie, it is often nonverbal, as in doing what he says he would not do or not doing what he promised he would do. Either way, it’s a lie, male version or female version. It is the opposite of integrity.” 80. Vesta Callender, psychotherapist in New York City, also agrees that one’s gender does not play a role in lying, but men and women do lie differently. “Women concern more while lying. They plan better,” Callender notes. “They create a history around the lie, and they try to project into the future what might happen if the lie is detected. With a woman, a lie has a beginning, a middle and an end. It’s a real entanglement.” Callender believes that men “tend to lie for the moment or to get out of a situation. Men think less about how the lie can be detected.” Section D Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrowsor a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language. Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement. There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, moral background, social class and personalstyle all influence your body language. Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often it’s a case of “not what he said but the way he said it.” Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message=7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial. Experts in kinesics the study of communication through body movement are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man’s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor’s authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81.What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2? 82.Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people’s body language. 83.From Albert’s formula, we learn that the body language __________. 84.What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5? 第II卷 I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 大雪使学生们无法上学。
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高三物理模拟考试一、单项选择题(40分) Ⅰ单项选择题。
1.下列现象中能说明分子间存在斥力的是( )(A )气体总是很容易充满容器 (B )水的体积很难被压缩 (C )清凉油的气味很容易被闻到 (D )两个铁块用力挤压不能粘合在一起 2.恒星的寿命取决于它的( )(A )质量 (B )体积 (C )组成部分 (D )温度 3.一个放射性原子核发生一次β衰变,它的( )(A )质子数减少一个,中子数不变 (B )质子数增加一个,中子数不变 (C )质子数减少一个,中子数增加一个 (D )质子数增加一个,中子数减少一个 4.关于电磁波的应用,下列说法正确的是( ) (A )γ射线可用于纸币防伪鉴别工作 (B )紫外线用于加热和烘干 (C )X 射线可用于机场检查箱内的物品 (D )微波可用于测量钢板厚度5.有一类物理量的大小等于另一类物理量随时间的变化率或与该变化率成正比,下列物理量的组合中能满足这一关系的是( ) (A )加速度与力 (B )功与动能 (C )弹力与弹簧的伸长量 (D )感应电动势与磁通量 6.如图所示为一基本门电路的符号及其输入端A 、B 的的输出端Z 是( ) 7.如图所示,两端开口的U 型管中装有水银,在右管中用水银封闭着一段空气,要使两侧水银面高度差h 增大,应( ) (A )从左管滴入水银 (B )从右管滴入水银 (C )让气体升温 (D )让气体降温8.在电场力作用下,原来静止的带正电的点电荷从a 点移到b 点,在这个过程中,电荷的速度不断增大。
下列说法中正确的是( )(A )该电荷在a 点的电势能比在b 点电势能大 (B )a 点场强一定大于b 点场强(C )电荷在a 点所受电场力一定小 (D )a 点电势一定低于b 点电势 Ⅱ单项选择题。
(24分。
本题共8小题,每小题3分9.用黄光照射某金属时不能产生光电效应,则下列措施中可能使该金属产生光电效应的是( )(A )延长黄光的照射时间 (B )增大黄光的照射强度 (C )换用波长较大的光照射 (D )换用紫外线照射10.用国际单位制中基本单位表示的磁感应强度单位,下列单位中正确的是( )U ZOt (A ) (B ) (C ) (D )(A )千克/(安·秒2)(B )伏/(米2·秒2) (C )千克·米2/(安·秒3) (D )牛/(安·米)11.两分子间的作用力F 与间距r 的关系图线如右图所示,下列说法中正确的是( )(A )r <r 1时,两分子间的引力为零(B )r 1< r < r 2时,两分子间的作用力随r 的增大而逐渐增大 (C )r=r 2时,两分子间的引力最大(D )r>r 2时,两分子间的引力随r 的增大而增大,斥力为零12.为了研究超重与失重现象,某同学把一体重计放在电梯的地板上,他站在体重计上随电梯运动并观察体重计示数的变化情况。
下表记录了几个特定时刻体重计的示数(表内各时刻不分先后顺序),若已知t 0时刻电梯静止,则( ) (A )t 1和t 2时刻该同学的质量和重力均不相同(B )t 1和t 2时刻该同学的质量相同,但所受重力不同(C )t 3时刻电梯可能向上运动(D )t 1和t 2时刻电梯运动的加速度方向相反,运动方向也相反13.如图所示,甲、乙两个单摆的悬点在同一水平天花板上,两摆球间用一根细线水平相连,以水平地板为参考面,甲、乙两摆线与竖直方向的夹角分别为θ1和θ2,且θ1>θ2。
当细线突然断开后,两摆球都做简谐运动,下列说法中正确的是( )(A )甲摆的周期等于乙摆的周期(B )甲摆的振幅等于乙摆的振幅(C )甲摆球的机械能小于乙摆球的机械能 (D )甲摆球的最大速度小于乙摆球的最大速度 14.利用如图(a )所示的装置做双缝干涉实验,在仅改变某一个实验条件、而其他条件相同的情况下,得到的干涉图样分别如图(b )中的甲、乙所示。
下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )可能是选用的光源不同,甲图对应的光源频率小 (B )可能是双缝到光屏的距离d 不同,甲图对应的d 较小 (C )可能是双缝的间距不同,甲图对应的间距较大 (D )可能是光源到双缝的距离不同,乙图对应的距离较大15.如图所示,质量均为m 的环A 与球B 用一轻质细绳相连,环A 套在水平喜感上。
现有一水平恒力F 作用在球B 上,使A 环与B 球一起向右匀速运动。
已知细绳与竖直方向的夹角为θ。
下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )若水平恒力增大,轻质绳对B 球的拉力保持不变(B )B 球受到的水平恒力大小为mgtan θ(C )杆对A 环的支持力随着水平恒力的增大而增大环与水平细杆间的动摩擦因数为tan θ(a(b ) 甲乙感线的轴匀速转动,线框通过电刷、圆环、导线等与定值电阻组成闭合回路。
t 1、t 2时刻线圈分别转到图(a )、(b )所示的位置,下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )t 1时刻电阻中的电流最大,方向从左向右 (B )t 1时刻电阻中的电流最大,方向从右向左 (C )t 2时刻电阻中的电流最大,方向从左向右 (D )t 2时刻电阻中的电流最大,方向从右向左 二、多项选择题(16分。
本题共4小题,每小题4分,17.物体A 、B 从同一地点开始沿同一方向做直线运动,它们的速度图像如图所示。
下列说法中正确的是( )(A )在0~t 2时间内A 物体的加速度不断减小,B 物体的加速度不断增大(B )在0~t 2时间内A 物体的平均速度大于B 物体的平均速度 (C )在0~t 1时间内B 在前A 在后,t 1~t 2时间内A 在前B 在后 (D )在0~t 2时间内A 、B 两物体的位移都在不断增大18.一定质量理想气体的状态沿如图所示的圆周变化,则该气体体积变化的情况是( )(A )沿a →b ,逐步减小(B )沿b →c ,先逐步增大后逐步减小 (C )沿c →d ,逐步减小 (D )沿d →a ,逐步减小 19.在同一介质中两列横波沿x 轴相向传播,波源分别位于x 1=0和x 2=1.4m 处,波速均为0.4m/s ,振幅均为2cm 。
如图所示为t =0时刻两列波的图像,此刻P 、Q 两质点恰好开始振动。
下列说法中正确的是( )(A )t =0.75s 时,两列波恰好相遇 (B )t =1.5s 时,P 点的位移为0 (C )两列波相遇后,M 点的振幅为4cm (D )t =1.25s 时,N 点在平衡位置下方20.A 、B 两块正对的金属板竖直放置,在金属板A 的内侧表面系一绝缘细线,细线下端系一带电小球(可视为点电荷)。
两块金属板接在如图所示的电路中,电路中的R 1为光敏电阻(其阻值随所受光照强度的增大而减小),R 2为滑动变阻器,R 3为定值电阻。
当R 2的滑片P 在中间时闭合电键S ,此时电流表和电压表的示数分别为I 和U ,带电小球静止时绝缘细线与金属板A 的夹角为θ。
电源电动势E 和内阻r 一定,下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )若将R 2的滑动触头P 向a 端移动,则θ不变 (B )若将R 2的滑动触头P 向b 端移动,则I 减小,U 减小(C )保持滑动触头P 不动,用较强的光照射R 1,则小球重新达到稳定后θ变小312v(D )保持滑动触头P 不动,用较强的光照射R 1,则U 变化量的绝对值与I 变化量的绝对值的比值不变三、填空题(20分,本大题共5小题,每小题4分。
不要求写出演算过程。
) 21.真空中间距为3a 的两个点电荷M 、N ,分别固定于x 轴上x 1=0和x 2=3a 的两点,在它们连线上各点的电场强度E 随x 变化的关系如图所示,则点电荷M 、N 为__________(选填“同种”或“异种”)电荷,点电荷M 、N 所带电荷量之比为___________。
22.如图所示,一质量为m 的物体以某一初速度冲上倾角为30º的固定斜面,物体的加速度为35g (g 为重力加速度),物体沿斜面上升的最大高度为h ,则物体在一这过程中动能损失了___________,机械能损失了___________。
第23题为分叉题。
分A 、B 两类,考生可任选一类答题。
若两类试题均做,一律按A 类题计分。
A 类题(适合于选学专题一的考生)23A .如图所示,一轻弹簧竖直放置在地面上,下端固定,上端连接一质量为M 的水平钢板,处于静止状态。
现有一质量为m 的小球从距钢板h =5 m 的高处自由下落并与钢板发生碰撞,碰撞后瞬间小球与钢板的速度大小相同。
已知M =3m ,不计空气阻力,重力加速度g 取=10m/s 2。
则小球与钢板第一次碰撞后瞬间,钢板速度的大小为__________ m/s ;碰撞前后小球的动量变化量大小为_________kg·m 。
B 类题(适合于选学专题二的考生)23B 某星球的质量是地球的2倍,其半径是地球的12。
若不计其他星球的影响,该星球的第一宇宙速度是地球上第一宇宙速度的___________倍,某物体在该星球表面上所受重力是在地球表面上所受重力的____________倍。
24.激光在真空中传播速度为c ,进入某种均匀介质时,传播速度变为真空中的1n ,则激光在此均匀介质中的波长变为在真空中波长的__________倍;某激光光源的发光功率为P ,发射激光的波长为λ,该激光进入上述介质时由于反射,入射能量减少了10%,该激光在这种介质中形成的光束横截面积为S ,则在垂直于光束传播方向的截面内,单位时间内通过单位面积的光子个数为__________。
(已知普朗克常量为h ) 25.如图所示,两根电阻不计的光滑金属导轨ab 、cd 竖直放置,导轨间距为L ,上端接有两个定值电阻R 1、R 2,已知R 1=R 2=2r 。
将质量为m 、电阻值为r 的金属棒从图示位置由静止释放,下落过程中金属棒保持水平且与导轨接触良好。
自由下落一段距离后金属棒进入一个垂直于导轨平面的匀强磁场,磁场宽度为h 。
金属棒出磁场前R 1、R 2的功率均已稳定为P 。
则金属棒离开磁场时的速度大小为___________,整个过程中通过电阻R 1的电量为__________。
(已知重力加速度为g ) 四、实验题(24分。
本大题共有4小题)26.(多选)关于“研究感应电流产生的条件及其方向”实验的注意事项,下列说法中正确的是( ) (A )原、副线圈接入电路之前,应查清其绕制方向 (B )在查明电流方向与灵敏电流计指针偏转方向关系时,应直接将电源两极与灵敏电流计两接线柱相连(C )原线圈的电阻很小,通电时间不宜过长,以免损坏电源和原线圈 (D )灵敏电流的正接线柱一定要与副线圈的上端接线柱相连27.(多选)在“研究共点力的合成”实验中,需要将橡皮筋的一端固定在A 点,用两个弹簧秤(量程均为5N )通过细绳互成角度地拉橡皮筋,使橡皮筋的另一端伸长到O 点。