最新关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同which与as一样,都可以引导非限制性定语从句,它们既有相同之处,也有差别。
因此在实际运用中容易混淆。
它们的某些用法在高考中也会考查。
一.相同点。
两者引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中做主语,宾语或表语,位于主句之后有时可互换。
The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二.不同点1. as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况,因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活,which可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which 引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。
As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性从句中,which后的be动词不可省;as而后的be动词可以省略。
She told me she won the match , which was a lie.The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure.3. which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语;而在非限制性定语从句做主语时,谓语常用连系动词,如be, seem, become 等,一般不用其他行为动词。
He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didn’t say anything at the m eeting , as/which seemed very strange. 4. 如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致,多用as,用以对主句的意义进行补充;如果不一致,就用whichShe has married again, as was expected.He broke the rules again, which was unexpected.5.如表示“如同。
As 和 Which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
As 和Which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别山西省夏县中学外语组翟运学先让我们看一道高考试题:2004 年江苏英语高考题第33 小题______is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As我们知道,as 可单独引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which ,那么在非限性定语从句中究竟用as 引导还是用which 引导呢?现归纳如下:1.从as /which 在句子中位置来区分as 和which 都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换,但as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以位于主句前面,中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,而which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
例如:(1)As is expected, our school team won the football match.(2)Our team lost the game, as/ which was reported in the newspaper.(3)Mother was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.2.从as /which 在句子中特定含义来区分as 在引导非限性定语从句中有时有“正如”、“正像”之意,而which 则无此意。
常用句型有:As we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected 等。
如:(1)As we all know, paper was first made in China.(2)The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.(3)As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake. 或:The elephant, as anybody can see, is like a snake. 或:The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.3.从主从句意义匹配要求来区分as 引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触,而which 则不受此限制。
非限制性定语从句which和as的用法汇总一篇
非限制性定语从句which和as的用法汇总一篇非限制性定语从句which和as的用法 1非限制性定语从句which和as的用法一、相同之处当从句位于主句之后,引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时,as 和which可以互换。
如:The elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see.大家都看得出,这头大象像条蛇。
A big earthquake occurred there last night,as/which was reported on TV.据电视报道,昨夜那里发生了大地震。
She is from Shanghai,as/which I know from her accent.她来自上海,那是我从她的口音知道的。
二、不同之处1、as引导非限制性定语从句时,位置比较灵活,可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之中或之后;而which引导非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后,不能位于主句之前。
如:_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.Which答案:B_______ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior highschools is increasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It答案:BAir,as we know,is a gas.众所周知,空气是一种气体。
He is very careful,as his work shows.他的工作表现表明他非常谨慎。
as引导非限制性定语从句常有“如同.那样”的含义,因此在一些固定结构中,如:as we know;as is known to all(众所周知)as we all can see(正如我们大家都能看到的那样)as has been said before/above(正如前面所述)as might be imagined(可以想象得到)as might be expected(正如所预料的那样)as is often the case(情况通常是这样)以上种种固定搭配,一般不能用which代替as。
as和which引导定语从句的区别
as和which引导定语从句的区别as和which引导定语从句的区别导语:As 和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句,在用法上有一些区别。
欢迎阅读!1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中作主语,宾语,既可修饰一个词也可修饰前面的整个句子。
A.She accepted his proposal, as(which)was natural.她接受了她的求婚,这是自然而然的。
B.The boy is pretty handsome, as(which)we can see in our classroom.这个男孩非常的帅气,正如我们在教室看到。
2.as 在非限定性定语从句中的使用2.1 as可以放在主句之前,主句之后,也可以放在句中,可以说位置很灵活。
但是which常用在主句之后A.As we know,technology just like a engine to push the development of economics.众所周知,技术就像是引擎推动着经济的'发展。
B.The diva,as you know, is famous throughoutthe world.这个女歌剧演唱家,正如你知道的,在全世界都出名。
C.He has stood her up, which I don`t believe.他没有赴约,这事我不相信。
2.2 as与the same,such 连用时,用as。
A.This is the same phone as I have borrowed from my sister.这个手机和我向我姐姐借的一样。
B.I have never had such a chance to make a speech as I always imagined.我从没有这样一个机会去演讲,正如我一直想象的那样。
2.3在从句中谓语动词为被动语态,缺少主语时用as,不用which。
as_which引导定语从句的区别
众所周知,which与as都可以引导定语从句,但它们有许多用法上的区别,现就此简要分析如下:一、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别:1.Which只能放在主句后面,而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活,可在前,可在中,也可在后。
例如:A) As he realized, I was very useful to him.(在前)B) Air, as we know, is a gas.(在中)C) He was a foreigner,as I know from his accent.(在后)2.在which引导的定语从句中,谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略;而as后面若是这种情况,则可以省略。
例如:A) He is a teacher, as (is) clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B) He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was 不可省略)3.当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时,可以用and this,and that 代替,意思是“这件事”例如:A) He changed his mind, which(and this, and that)made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。
B) She has married again, which(=and this, and that)was unexpected.出乎意料的是,她又结婚了。
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用,表达说话人的看法、观点,并指出主句内容的出处或根据等,例如:C)Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦,众所周知,是位伟大的科学家。
D)As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work.今天的报纸上说,我们必须改进工作作风。
非限制性定语从句中的关系代词which和as用法辨析
龙源期刊网 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词which和as用法辨析作者:邵玉金来源:《新高考·高三英语》2013年第03期请看下面两道题:① He has won the game, was expected.② He has won the game, was unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. itD. as以上两题选项中均含有关系代词which和as,该选哪一个呢?现就以下几个方面来谈一谈它们的区别(本文所谈的which和as是指引导非限制性定语从句中的关系代词which和as)。
一、位置关系:关系代词which不能放在句首;关系代词as 既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,甚至还可以放在句中。
1. As is known to all, he studies very hard.(不可用which)2. New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us.(which不可放在句首,这里也可以用as)3. He, as you know, is clever.二、内涵关系:as有“正如”、“就像”之意,即主从句意义一致;which 则没有此意。
He is a foreigner from North America, as I know from his accent. (as表示“正如”之意)Tom is so busy that he has to work at weekends,which he doesn’t like.三、先后关系:as引导的多为经常性行为,或先于主句发生的动作;which引导的多表示发生在主句之后的行为。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1,as引导的非限制性定语从句,位置灵活,可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末;先行词不可是一个词,必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容;有“正如、像”等意思,表依据、评论(、态度、看法)等;如:This elephant is like a snake,as anybody can see.像任何人都能看见那样,这头象像条蛇。
He failed in the exam, as we had expected.Tom has passed the test, as everybody knows. 正如每个人所了解的那样,汤姆通过了考试。
【比较:Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.竹子是空的,这就使得它很轻。
】常用以下谓语动词的主、被动语态:know, see, say, expect, imagine, hope, believe, announce, suggest, report, point out…, 例:主动(做宾):as we all know, as you know, as everybody knows; as you see, as we can see, as we have seen, as anybody can see; as was expected; as we can imagine, as we have imagined…As we all know, the earth is round.He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting.像我们所期望的那样,迈克参加了会议。
被动(做主):as is known to everybody, as is known to all; as has been expected; as is often the case (with …),as has been pointed out, as is usual with, as is reported in the newspaper…He is an honest man, as is known to all.As is often the case with young people, he was overconfident.He wasn't unconscious,as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去知觉,这从他的眼神可以判断出来。
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,其先行词都可以是整个主句,指代主句的整个意思。
但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论引导定语从句时,as仍具有“正如,像,由……可知”等意思,翻译时有时可不必译出。
as定语从句常含有这些动词:see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等,这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。
as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
如:The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知,著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。
There is a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。
这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。
注意,它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活,它只能位于主句的后面。
如:He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片,这使我很不安。
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时,要用which,不用asJenny might come, in which case I'll ask her. 詹妮可能会来,要是那样的话我就去问她。
关系代词as与which的区别
as与which的区别 与 的区别
当先行词前面有so such、 (1) 当先行词前面有so 、such、the same 等词修饰时,引导词只能用as as, 等词修饰时,引导词只能用as,而不用 which。 which。如: She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。 It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. 它是本我们大家都想 读的有趣的书。 读的有趣的书。 上面两句中的as就不能用which替换。 as就不能用which替换 上面两句中的as就不能用which替换。
(2)用能做关系代词,as和which都可以指 )用能做关系代词, 和 都可以指 代一个句子, 就像” 代一个句子,但as有“正如”、“就像” 有 正如” 之意, 则没有此含义。 之意,which则没有此含义。 则没有此含义 • He is a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (as指代一个句子,意为“正如”、 指代一个句子, 指代一个句子 意为“正如” 就像” “就像”) • He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like. (which指代一个句子,没有 指代一个句子, 指代一个句子 正如” 就像” “正如”、“就像”)
关系代词as与 关系代词 与which的区别 的区别as和which的相同点 的相同点
(1) as 和which都可引导非限制性定语从句,放在主句之 都可引导非限制性定语从句, 都可引导非限制性定语从句 在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。 后;在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。 如: Tom has found a good job, as / which we all hope. 汤 姆找到了一件好工作,这正是我们大家所希望的。 姆找到了一件好工作,这正是我们大家所希望的。 (2) as 和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一 都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一 成分。 成分。如: • His mother is ill, which makes him very sad. 他母亲病 这件事情使他很难过。 了,这件事情使他很难过。 • He has made great progress, as / which we all knew. 我们都知道他进步了。 我们都知道他进步了。 • 以上两句中的 / which都指前面整个句子的内容。 以上两句中的as 都指前面整个句子的内容。 都指前面整个句子的内容
引导非限定性定语从句的which和as
1 引导非限定性定语从句的which 和as江西省芦溪县教研室(邮编:337200) 成文辉在引导非限定性定语从句时,which 和as 均可起一种评注的作用,表示说话人对话语的看法或态度,此时它们的先行词并不是具体的某个词,而是整个句子或短语:He was late for school,as(=which) was usual with him.他上学迟到,这是家常便饭。
He was a foreigner,as(=which) I knew from his accent.他是个外国人,我从他的口音中得知这一点。
这种用法的which 和as 一定是属于单数形式。
但要注意以下几点区别:1、如果要说明人与人、东西与东西、动作与动作、状态与状态之间有相似之处,通常用as ,表达“正如(情形或事实所表示)的那样”、”像…的一样”的意思;而which 则相当于”而这、在这一点上”(and that )的意思,更象是一个表示补充说明的并列分句。
只在在不损害各自的语义的情况下,二者才可互换:She is a fine singer,as her mother used to be.她是一个很出色的歌唱家,和她母亲当年一样。
(’她’和’她’母亲’进行对比,用as ,一般不用which.)She was very careful,which he seldom is.她很细心,而他却很少这样。
(此处不用as )。
I live a long way from work,as you know.正如你所知道的那样,我离上班的地方很远。
(试比较:I live a long way from work,which you know.我离上班的地方很远,你是知道这点的。
即:I live a long way from work,and you know that.)She was not unconscious,as/which could be judged from her eyes.她没有失去知觉,这从她的眼睛可以看出。
定语从句aswhich区别
定语从句aswhich区别定语从句as which区别as和which作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句所表达的内容,在从句中作主语或宾语,但它们在用法上有区别,这一点许多学生往往搞不清楚。
下面我们来了解一下定语从句as which区别吧!第一、在限制性定语从句中的区别:as 的用法:其通常和such the same连用,代指物在从句中做主语或宾语This is the same pen as I bought yesterday。
这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样(同样的但不是同一个)。
引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾语,因先行词被the same所修饰所以用as引导注意:上句与下句的区别This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这就是昨天我使用的那一支钢笔(指的是同一个)。
I studied in the same school as she did in Beijing.我和他在北京的同一所学校就读。
引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾语,因先行词被the same所修饰所以用as引导I want to have such a dictionary as he has.我想要一本和他的一样的字典。
引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾语,因先行词被such所修饰所以用as引导which的用法:关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时通常可以省略(直接做介词的宾语时除外,不能省。
)The radio which he bought yesterday doesn't work now.他昨天买的收音机现在坏了。
引导定语从句的'关系代词在从句中做宾语,代指物,故用which.Can you lend me the book which was written by Lun Xun..你能借我那本由鲁迅所写的书吗?引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语,代指物,故用which.This is the park which is the most beautiful one in our city.这是我们这个城市最漂亮的公园。
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别作者:董军权来源:《广东教育·高中》2013年第11期在教学实践中,尤其在批改作文中笔者发现,有的学生对as与which引导非限制性定语从句的用法模棱两可,含混不清。
下面从两者的用法区别展开说明,以便正确地使用。
1. 从指代的异同来说,as指代整个句子;which指代整个句子或者主句中的某个成分。
如:She is not unconscious,as can be judged from her eyes.她并未失去知觉,这从她的眼睛里可以看出。
(as指代整个句子)Mother always asked him to study hard,which helped him a lot. 他妈妈总是让他刻苦学习,这一点对他帮助很大。
(which指代整个句子)The house, which was built fifty years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 这所建造于50多年前的房子,在地震中依然耸立着。
(which指代具体的先行词)2. 就主句与从句的位置关系来说,as引导的从句可放在主句的前面或者主句的后面;which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面。
如:As everybody knows, knowledge is power. 众所周知,知识就是力量。
Knowledge is power, as everybody knows.众所周知,知识就是力量。
Knowledge is power, which is accepted widely all over the world.知识就是力量,这一点世界公认。
3. 从意义上来说,as意为“正如,像,由……而知”; which意为“这就使得,这一点”。
如:He is a great hero, as is described in the report.正如在报道中描述的一样,他是一个伟大的英雄。
(已发)关系代词as与which引导定语从句异同点
关系代词as与which引导定语从句异同点1.as只能用来引导非限制性定语从句,不能用来引导限制性定语从句;而which不仅可以引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。
eg:① The sports meeting which was held last month was a success.也可以说:The sports meeting,which was held last month,was a success.②The sports meeting was a success,as was expected by us.而不能说:The sports meeting was a success as was expected by us.2.as引导的定语从句可放于句首,也可放于句末;而which引导的定语从句只能放于句末。
eg:① He is a good student ,as is known to us .也可以说:As is known to us, he is a good student.② He was late for school again ,which is often the case.不能说:Which is often the case,He was late for school again.3. as引导的定语从句只能用来指代一句子,而which引导的定语从句不仅可以指代一个句子,也可指代单个的名词。
eg:① The thing which I met her in the park yesterday is true.(修饰单个的名词只能用which,不能用as)② He said that he had lost the book ,which/as is untrue.4.若主从句内容不一致,或者从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用,或定语从句带有宾语补足语时,多用which。
关系代词as与which的用法区别
关系代词as与which的用法区别■as 和which的相同点(1) as 和which都可引导非限制性定语从句,放在主句之后;在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。
如:Tom has found a good job, as / which we all hope. 汤姆找到了一件好工作,这正是我们大家所希望的。
(2) as 和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。
如:His mother is ill, which makes him very sad. 他母亲病了,这件事情使他很难过。
He has made great progress, as / which makes us very happy. 他进步了,这使得我们很高兴。
以上两句中的as / which都指前面整个句子的内容。
Though he has lots of money, he still rides his old bike, which was bought ten years ago. 尽管他很有钱,但是他还骑着他的旧单车,这单车是十年前买的。
There you can meet many writers as you have ever read in books. 在那里,你可见到你在书中所读过的很多作家。
■as与which的区别(1) 当先行词前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same等词修饰时,引导词只能用as,而不用which。
如:She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。
It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. 它是本我们大家都想读的有趣的书。
上面两句中的as就不能用which替换。
(2) as 在从句中常作宾语;作主语时,从句的谓语动词常为系动词,即:系表结构或被动结构。
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同
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as_which引导定语从句的区别
众所周知,which与as都可以引导定语从句,但它们有许多用法上的区别,现就此简要分析如下:一、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别:1.Which只能放在主句后面,而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活,可在前,可在中,也可在后。
例如:A) As he realized, I was very useful to him.(在前)B) Air, as we know, is a gas.(在中)C) He was a foreigner,as I know from his accent.(在后)2.在which引导的定语从句中,谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略;而as后面若是这种情况,则可以省略。
例如:A) He is a teacher, as (is) clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B) He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was 不可省略)3.当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时,可以用and this,and that 代替,意思是“这件事”例如:A) He changed his mind, which(and this, and that)made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。
B) She has married again, which(=and this, and that)was unexpected.出乎意料的是,她又结婚了。
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用,表达说话人的看法、观点,并指出主句内容的出处或根据等,例如:C)Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦,众所周知,是位伟大的科学家。
D)As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work.今天的报纸上说,我们必须改进工作作风。
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
、。
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别as 的特殊用法1、如果要说明两者有相似之处时通常用as,表达“正如(情形或事实所表示)的那样、像……的一样”的意思。
例如:She is a fine singer,as her mot her used to be.她是一个很出色的歌唱家,和她母亲当年一样。
She is the same age as you (ar e). 她和你年龄一样大。
[与same...as 连用]I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. 我希望有一本和你正在用的一样的词典。
[与such...as连用]As water is to fish, so air is to man. 正如水对鱼一样重要,空气对于人同样重要。
She has married again,as was/ seemed natural.她又结婚了,这很自然。
2、as常与从句中的know,see,h ear,expect等动词连用,也常用于as of ten happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。
As you know, he is from Beijin g. 正如你所知道的,他来自北京。
As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.He was absent,as is often the ca seAs you will find out, all is now set tled. 你将会看到这样的情况,一切都已搞定了。
3、as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,既可位于所修饰的句子之后,也可位于句中或句首;而由which引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。
例如:As you will find out,I will neve r let you down.你将会发现,我绝不会使你失望的。
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关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,其先行词都可以是整个主句,指代主句的整个意思。
但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
引导定语从句时,as仍具有“正如,像,由……可知”等意思,翻译时有时可不必译出。
as定语从句常含有这些动词:see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等,这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。
as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
如:
The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知,著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。
There is a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态
或结果
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。
这
时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。
注意,它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活,它只能位于主句的后面。
如:
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片,这使我很不安。
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时,要用which,不用as
Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her. 詹妮可能会来,要是那样的话我就去问她。
She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to
Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学,之后她去了北京大学。
4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时,一般用which而不用as
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand. 他假装不认识我,这是我搞不明白的。
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生,我认为太奇怪了。
【特别说明】
as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活;其次,as有以下常见的,而which不具备的“固定表达”:
as we all know 众所周知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you see 这一点你明白
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is often the case 像常规那样
as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。