2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案
2021考研英语(二)真题及答案(完整版)
2021考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishIt's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, （1）to understand their negative harder,consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. （2）one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll （3）see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to（4）that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are（5）. How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is（6）. People complained that buses were late and infrequent. （7）,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were （8）or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets. But they （9）hit cyclists. If the target was changed to （10）you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more（11）drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another（12）: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you（13）that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a（14）is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.The（15）of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well（16）others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a（17）Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria （18）critical factorssuch as time, money,, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to（19）just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better（20）the objective.1.A. therefore B.again C.moreover D.however2.A. identify B.assess C.emphasize D.explain3.A.curiously B.quickly C.eagerly D.nearly4.A. check B.prove C.recall D.claim5.A. threatened B.mocked C.ignored D.blamed6.A. hospitality petition C.punctuality D.innovation7.A. Yet B.Besides C.Still D.So8.A. rewarded B.trained C.grouped D.hired9.A.rather B.also C.once D.only10.A. comfort B.efficiency C.security D.revenue11.A. cautious B.quiet C.diligent D.friendly12.A. purpose B.prejudice C.policy D.problem13.A. revealed B.noticed C.admitted D.reported14.A. break B.departure C.transfer D.trip15.A.moral B.background C.style D.form16.A. sacrifice B.criticize C.tolerate D.interpret17.A. secret B.cost C.product D.task18.A. relating to B.calling for C.accounting for D.leading to19.A. predict B.restore C.specify D.create20.A. review B.achieve C.present D.modify答案：1-5 DCBAC 6-10 CAABD11-15 ADBDB16-20 ABACBSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the core skills " within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy,ultimately retraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and In regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February.at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and othermedical personnelOf course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks,no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close that gap,maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That seems to be the case in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a role.Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. You can easily imagine a chorus of "you cant do that," because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and using any support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end in disaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell in Sweden, with its history of co-operation between business, labour and government, but not in North America where our history is very different.Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place, but it is business as usual after the fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and more flexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the post pandemic world, are expensive and at a time when every ones budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them. Then again,extending income support programs to get us through the next months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years Given that, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can jump-start us to a place where res killing becomes much more than a buzzword.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggests.A.an increase in full-time employmentB.an urgent demand for new job skillsC.a steady growth of job opportunitiesD.a controversy about the “core skills”22.AT&T is cited to show.A.an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategyB.an immediate need for government supportC.the importance of staff appraisal standardsD.the characteristics of reskilling program23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada.A.have driven up labour costsB.have proved to be inconsistentC.have met with fierce oppositionD.have appeared to be insufficient24.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was.A.a call for policy adjustmentB.a change in hiring practicesC.a lack of medical workersD.a sign of economic recovery25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to______.A.Great job vacancies for the unemployedB.Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobsC.Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD.finance their staff' s college educationText 2With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in, some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for rather particular reason: Brexit.Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 percent of the food it eats,down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to self-sufficiency, theargument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health. Sounds great—but bow feasible is this vision?According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK,85 per cent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much more self- sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields, and more factory-style production.But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis. Just 25 percent of the county's land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.Just 23 percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 percent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars,seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.Some people argue that food self-sufficient in UK wouldA.be hindered by its population groundB.become a priority of governmentC.pose a challenge to its farming industryD.contribute to the nation's well-being27.The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UKA.farmland has been inefficiently utilizedB.factory-style production needs reformingC.most land is used for meat and dairy productionD.more green fields will be converted for farming28.Crop-growing in he UK is restricted due to_A.its farming technologyB.its dietary traditionC.its natural conditionsD.its commercial interests29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British peopleA.rely largely on imports for fresh produceB.enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumptionC.are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intakeD.are trying to grow new varieties of grains30.The author's attitude to food self-sufficient in the UK isA.defensiveB.doubtfulC.tolerantD.optimisticText 3When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for “productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smart phone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui t-hires”that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of aremorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their. path. “They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined to comment.Like other start-up investors, Mr Arnold’ s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn, rifling through such small deals—many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies (Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years—a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill”. tactic to simply close them down.31.What is true about Wunderlist and sunrise after their acquisitions.A.Their market values declinedB.Their tech features improvedC.Their engineers were retainedD.Their products were re-priced32.Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to.A.ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors33.Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might.A.harm the national economyB.worsen market competitionC.discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies34.The US Federal Trade Commission intend to.A.examine small acquisitionsB.limit Big Tech' s expansionC.supervise start-ups' operationsD.encourage research collaboration35.For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition have.A.brought little financial pressureB.raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD.generated considerable profitsText 4We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed “thin slicing.” T he late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were justas accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically.Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures of utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we're better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intu ition instead of reflection.“It’ s as if you’re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University, "and if you start thinking about it too much, you can' t remember what you' re doing.But if you go on automatic pilot, you’r e fine.Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students' ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex —when they had a lot of information to process.Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “hunches,” “my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the rest Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.Other research shows we re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. "It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if youstart thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you re fine. Much of our social life is like that." Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale.And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of information to process.36.Nalini Ambaby’s study deals with.A.instructor student interactionB.the power of people’s memoryC.the reliability of first impressionsD.People's ability to influence others37.In Ambaby 's study, rating accuracy dropped when participants.A.gave the rating in limited timeB.focused on specific detailsC.watched shorter video clipsD.discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that.A.memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC.social skills must be cultivatedD.deception is difficult to detect39.When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to.A.follow your feelingsB.list your preferencesC.seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Generating new products takes timeB.Intuition may affect reflective tasksC.Vocabulary comprehension needs creativityD.Objective thinking may boost intuitivenessPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don' t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone more powerful than you.Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealist.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here is how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.After this risk assessment, You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking--allthe things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid It' s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about—it may be “the credibility of their team of getting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don' t assume the link will be clear You ll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who' s trying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match,” says WeeksThis step may sound overly deferential, but it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here i have reasons to think that won 't work i' d like to way out my reasoning. Would that be ok? This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming they say yes it will make you feel more confident about voicing you disagreement.You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same or you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.Emphasize that you re offering your opinion, not gospel truth.I may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it's still an opinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence instead of saying something like,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it," say,This is just my opinion, but don’t see how we will make that deadline. Having asserted your position(as a position, not as a fact)demonstrate equal curiosity about other views remind the person that this is your point of view and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belong that we didn’t expect.In our series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed the instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. There searchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interaction with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.【参考译文】我们通常认为朋友和家庭成员是我们交流，快乐和温暖的最大源泉。
2021年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
年全国研究生研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材构造分析本文是一篇关于人物简介阐明性文章，重要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生地点是in World War II；空后句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，她们有 liberate动作，由此推断“the men and women”指应当是参加了第二次大战男人和女人，即服役军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”意思，因此选 B。
A 项 perform 意为“体现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项 betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指人与下文 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同步与空格后“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因而空内信息应当是与hero“英雄”意思相对，背面分句说她背井离乡，经历了诸多苦难，显然这里应当是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，因此选 B。
A 项 actual 意为“事实上，事实上”；C 项 special 意为“特殊，专门”；D 项 normal 意为“正常，常态”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查是词语搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who （the guy），宾语是 all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来承担，应当用动词 bear 或 shoulder，因此这里选 A，bore。
2021年英语二(完整版)
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
This bar chart demonstrates various manners a city’s residents adopt in doing physical activities. Specifically, residents who tend to do exercise by themselves occupy the largest portion, up to 54.3%, which is closely followed by the proportion of people working out with friends with a percentage of 47.7%, By contrast, citizens who exercise with families or in a group only make up 23.9% and 15.8%, respectively.
Topics like this can always attract a lot of attention and spur considerable discussions. Therefore, we are wondering whether you are interested in this topic and willing to join us. I’m sure we can have a meaningful and joyful evening together.
2021考研《英语二》翻译真题及答案解析
2021考研《英语二》翻译真题及答案解析Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46.【题干】We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of that time, however, this belief is false. As it tums out, many peopleare actually perfectly willing to talk and may even be flattered to receive your attention.【答案】我们往往认为朋友和家人是我们关系、笑容和温暖的最大来源。
2021考研《英语(二)》真题答案(完整 文都版)
2021考研《英语(二)》真题答案(完整文都版)SectionⅠ Use of English【完型填空答案】1. [D] However2. [A] helps3. [B] solely4. [B] lowering5. [D] reach6. [B] depiction7. [A] due to8. [D] immediate9. [C] reasons10. [A] instead11. [A] track12. [D] account for13. [B] adjust14. [A] results15. [C] hungry16. [D] sign17. [C] decision18. [A] disappointing19. [A] because20. [A] obsessingSectionⅡ Reading Comprehension(50 points)Part A【阅读答案】Text 121. [C] foster a child’s moral development22. [B] burdensome23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25. [D] wrongdoingsText 226. [D] forests may become a potential threat27. [D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. [B] reduce the density of some of its forests29. [A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30. [C] supportiveText 331. [C] Flaws in U. S. immigratinon rules for farm workers.32. [D] the aging of immigrant farm workers33. [B] To get native U.S. workers back to farming.34. [A] slow graning procedures.35. [B] Import Food or Labor?Text 436. [B] urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37. [B] prevent us from making further efforts38. [D] We should press our government to lead the combat39. [D] a top down process40. [C] are far from sufficientPart B【新题型答案】41. [A] remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children42. [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decision43. [C] advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions44. [G] assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media45. [F] believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions.Section Ⅲ Translation【翻译答案】我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。
2021年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2021年考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.It‘s a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings- because there‘s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn‘t know it, 3 into your phone. This universalprotection sends the 4 :�DPlease don‘t approach me.‖What is it that makes us feel we need to hid 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as�Dweird.‖ We fear we‘ll be 7 . We fear we‘ll be disrupt ive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to turn our phones. �DPhones become our security blanket,‖ Wortmann says. �DThey are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .‖But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn‘t 12 so bad. In one 2021 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters todo theunthinkable:�DStart a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how the would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on thier own,‖ The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn‘t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, �Dnot a single person reported ha ving been embarrassed.‖18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive offof social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signal [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]little[C]another [D]much 3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought 4.[A]message [B]code [C]notice [D]sign 5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterpreted [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D]angry 10.[A]attend [B]point[C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B] mysterious [C]violent [D]boring 12.[A]hurt [B] resist[C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation 14.[A]trainees[B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers 15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design 16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up 18.[A]In turn [B]In particular [C]In fact [D]In consequence 19. [A]unless [B]since [C]if[D]whereas 20. [A]funny [B]simple [C]logical [D]rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C,or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more s tressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people‘s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at were work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.�DFurther contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home.‖Write one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, �DIt is men, not women, who report being happier at home than atwork.‖ Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn‘t measure is whether people are still doing work when they‘re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who say home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outsid e the home, they often are playing catch―up―with―household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it‘s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it‘s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they‘re supposed to be doing： working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure; Employee puts in hours of physical or me ntal labor and employee draws out life―sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodicallylaid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues―your family―have no clear rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues―your family―have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they‘re teenagers, threatened w ith complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they‘re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it‘s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not onlyare the tasks apparently infinite, the co―workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home .[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation [B]generated more stress than the workplace [C]was an ideal place for stress measurement [D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers [B]Childless husbands [C]Childless wives [D]Working fathers23.The blurring of working women‘s roles refers to the fact that .[A]they are both bread winners and housewives [B]their home is also a placefor kicking back [C]there is often much housework left behind [D]it isdifficult for them to leave their office24.The word �Dmoola‖(Tine 4，Para 4)most probably means . [A]energy[B]skills [C]earnings [D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that . [A]home is hardly a cozier working environment [B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut [C]household tasks are generally more motivating [D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college student �C those who do not have a parent with a college degree �C lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower than andtheir dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created �Da paradox‖ in that recruiting first-generation student, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has �Dcontinued to reproduce and widen, rather than close.‖ An achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having parent with four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant ofundergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with four-year degree.Their thesis �C that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact �C was based on the view that first-generation students may be mostlacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students �Dstruggled to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ?rules of the game,‘ and take advantage of college resources,‖ they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don‘t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students‘ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack of sight about why they are struggling and do not understand students ?like t hem‘ can improve.‖26. Recruiting more first-generation students has . [A]. reduced their dropout rates [B]. narrowed the achievement gap [C]. missed its original purpose [D]. depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because .[A]. the problem is solvable [B]. their approach is costless [C]. the recruiting rate has increased [D]. their findings appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students . [A]. study at private universities [B]. are from single-parent families [C]. are in need of financial support [D]. have failed their college29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students . [A]. are actually indifferent to the achievement gap [B]. can have a potential influence on other projects [C]. may lack opportunities to apply research projects [D]. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .[A]. universities often reject the culture of their middle-class [B]. students are usually to blame for their lack of resources [C]. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences. [D].colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text 3Even in traditional offices, �Dthe lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,‖ said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. �DIf you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn‘t talk about energy; we didn‘t talk about passion.‖Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very�Dteam‖-oriented―and not by coincidence. �DLet‘s not forget sports―in male-dominated corporate America, it‘s still a big deal. It‘s not explicitly conscious; it‘s the idea that I‘m a coach, and you‘re my team, and we‘rein this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.‖These terms are also intended to infuse work with m eaning―and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. �DYou have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,‖ said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The �Dmommy wars‖ of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can‘t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg‘s感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案_2
2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案Section III TranslationDirections:Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese, Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to berationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【范文】超市设计的目的就是为了使消费者花尽可能多的时间在店内逛。
2021年考研《英语二》答案(完整 海文版)
2021年考研《英语二》答案(完整海文版)Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] However【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。
首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显著的的体重波动的好方法。
空格所在句指出：____，如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损害。
前文wonderful way(好方法)与后文hurt(损害)形成转折关系，故填入however(然而)。
另外，however也是考研完形填空中的高频词。
其他选项：therefore(因此)，otherwise(否则)和besides(此外)此处不符合语境，故正确答案为[C] However。
2、【答案】[D] helps【解析】此处考察反义复现。
空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ____(这种习惯的坏处要比____多)，应该是help(有帮助，有好处)，与前文hurt(损害)形成反义复现。
其他选项：Cares(关心)，warns(警告)，reduces(减少，致使)均不能与hurt形成呼应，故正确答案为[D] helps。
3、【答案】[A] solely【解析】此处考察同义复现+词义辨析。
空格所在句指出：至于我，每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和好动转移到____专注于体重秤。
填入solely(仅仅)语义通顺。
另外本句focusingsolely on the scale中的solely(仅仅)与本段后文thinking only of ____ the number on the scale的only形成了同义复现。
故正确答案为[A] solely。
4、【答案】[A] lowering【解析】此处考察词义辨析+反义复现。
空格所在句指出：我曾经以增加肌肉含量而增重，但后来只考虑____体重的数量，我改变了我的训练方案。
填入lowering(减少)语义通顺。
2021年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2021年考研英语二真题及答案解析一、阅读理解（Part A）Passage 1Passage 2This passage explores the impact of social media on mental health. It acknowledges that social media can be a useful tool for staying connected with friends and family, but also highlights the negative effects it can have on mental wellbeing, such as increased feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The author suggests strategies for managing social media use, such as setting limits on screen time, unfollowing accounts that cause negative feelings, and engaging in offline activities.Passage 3This passage discusses the benefits of exercise for brain health. It explains how physical activity can improve cognitive function, memory, and mood. The author provides examples of different types of exercise that can benefit the brain, such as aerobic exercise, strength training, and yoga. The passage also emphasizes the importance of consistency in exercise routines and suggests ways to make exercise a habit, such as finding a workout partner or incorporating physical activity into daily routines.Passage 4This passage explores the concept of worklife balance and its importance for overall wellbeing. It acknowledges that achieving a balance between work and personal life can be challenging, but emphasizes the benefits of doing so, such as reduced stress, improved mental health, and increased productivity. The author provides tips for achieving worklife balance, such as setting boundaries, prioritizing tasks, and making time for selfcare.二、翻译（Part B）Please translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese:In today's fastpaced world, it is easy to feel overwhelmed the demands of work, family, and social obligations. However, it is important to remember that taking care of yourself is not selfish. In fact, it is essential for your overall wellbeing and productivity. When you prioritize selfcare, you are able to better manage stress, maintain focus, and perform at your best. So, make sure to schedule time for activities that you enjoy and that promote your physical and mental health, such as exercise, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones.三、写作（Part A）Please write a letter to your university's administration expressing your concern about the quality of the food served in the school cafeteria. In your letter, you should:1. Describe the specific issues you have encountered with the food.2. Explain how these issues have affected your and your classmates' experience.3. Suggest possible solutions to improve the quality of the food.四、写作（Part B）Please write an essay on the topic of "The Impact of Technology on Education." In your essay, you should:1. Discuss the positive effects of technology on education.2. Discuss the negative effects of technology on education.3. Offer your own opinion on the overall impact of technology on education.。
2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析
2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析Section I Use of English（江南博哥）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, _____(1), to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. _____(2)one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll _____(3)see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to _____(4)that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are_____(5). How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is _____(6).People complained that buses were late and infrequent. _____(7), the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were _____(8)or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they _____(9)hit cyclists. If the target was changed to _____(10),you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more _____(11)drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another _____(12)people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you _____(13)that you can leave on a flight but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a _____(14)is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The _____(15)of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well _____(16)others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a _____(17). Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets shouldhave multiple criteria _____(18)critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to _____(19)just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better _____(20)the objective.1.【题干】1._____.【选项】A.thereforeB.howeverC.againD.moreover【答案】B2.【题干】2._____.【选项】A.EmphasizeB.IdentifyC.AssessD.Explain【答案】A3.【题干】3._____.【选项】A.nearlyB.curiouslyC.eagerlyD.quickly【答案】D4.【题干】4._____.【选项】A.claimB.proveC.cheekD.recall【答案】C5.【题干】5._____.【选项】A.threatenedB.ignoredC.mockedD.blamed【答案】B2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析6.【题干】6._____.【选项】A.punctualityB.hospitalitypetitionD.innovation【答案】A7.【题干】7._____.【选项】A.YetB.SoC.BesidesD.Still【答案】B8.【题干】8._____. 【选项】A.hiredB.trainedC.rewardedD.grouped【答案】C9.【题干】9._____. 【选项】A.onlyB.ratherC.onceD.also【答案】D10.【题干】10._____. 【选项】fortB.revenueC.efficiencyD.security【答案】B11.【题干】11._____. 【选项】A.friendlyB.quietC.cautiousD.diligent【答案】C12.【题干】12._____. 【选项】A.purposeB.problemC.prejudiceD.policy【答案】B13.【题干】13._____. 【选项】A.interestingB.revealedC.admittedD.noticed【答案】D2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析14.【题干】14._____.【选项】A.breakB.tripC.departureD.transfer【答案】B15.【题干】15._____.【选项】A.moralB.backgroundC.styleD.form【答案】A16.【题干】16._____.【选项】A.interpretB.criticizeC.sacrificeD.tolerate【答案】C17.【题干】17._____.【选项】A.taskB.secretC.productD.cost【答案】D18.【题干】18._____. 【选项】A.leading toB.calling forC.relating toD.accounting for 【答案】C19.【题干】19._____. 【选项】A.specifyB.predictC.restoreD.create【答案】A20.【题干】20._____. 【选项】A.modifyB.reviewC.presentD.achieve【答案】D2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the "core skill" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy ultimately retraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to takean obvious example the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be doctor in few weeks, no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a role.Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. You can easily imagine chorus of "can't do that" because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and using any support who has been quickly trained is bound to end in disaster, Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work well in Sweden, withits history of co-operation between businesses, labor and government, but not in North America where our history is very different. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place but it is business as usual after the fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case. Sweden's work force is now more skilled, in more things, and more flexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the post pandemic world, are expensive and at a time when everyone's budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them. Then again, extending income support programs to get us through the next months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years given that, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can jump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than a buzzword.21.【题干】Research by the World Economic Forum suggests_____【选项】A.an increase in full-time employmentB.an urgent demand for new job skillsC.a steady growth of job opportunitiesD.a controversy about the "core skills"【答案】B2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析22.【题干】AT&T is cited to show_____【选项】A.an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategyB.an immediate need for government supportC.the importance of staff appraisal standardsD.the characteristics of reskilling program【答案】A23.【题干】Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada_____【选项】A.have driven up labor costsB.have proved to be inconsistentC.have met with fierce oppositionD.have appeared to be insufficient【答案】D24.【题干】We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was_____.【选项】A.a call for policy adjustment.B.a change in hiring practices.C.a lack of medical workers.D.a sign of economic recovery.【答案】C25.【题干】Scandinavian Airlines decided to_____.【选项】A.Great job vacancies for the unemployed.B.Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs.C.Retrain their cabin staff for better services.D.finance their staff's college education.【答案】BWith the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billionby 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in one regionswill need to nearly double to keep pace, food security isincreasingly making headlines In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: Brexit.Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recenttrend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s. A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nations health, Sounds great but how feasible is this vision?According to a report on UK food production from the Universityof Leeds, UK, 85 percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 percentof what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much more self-sufficient. The UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively meaning fewer green fields and more factory style production.2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. Thereis a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry, most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis. Just 25 per cent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and vegetable which would involve taking out all the nature reserves andremoving thousands of people from their homes-we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That isbefore we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds andoils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.【题干】Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would_____.【选项】A.a be hindered by its population growthB.contribute to the nations well-beingC.become a priority of the governmentD.post a challenge to its farming industry【答案】D27.【题干】The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK_____.【选项】A.farmland has been inefficiently utilisedB.factory style production needs reformingC.most land is used for meat and dairy productionD.more green fields will be converted for farming【答案】C28.【题干】Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to_____.【选项】A.its farming technologyB.its dietary traditionC.its natural conditionsD.its commercial interests【答案】C29.【题干】It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people_____.【选项】A.rely largely on imports for fresh produceB.enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumptionC.are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intakeD.are trying to grow new varieties of grains【答案】A30.【题干】The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is_____.【选项】A.defensiveB.doubtfulC.tolerantD.optimistic【答案】B2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析When Microsoft bought task management app. Wunerlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft' own Office dominates the market for "productivity" software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. Their teams ofengineers stayed on, making them two of the many "acqui-hires" that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.To Microsoft's critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. "They bought the seedlings and closed them down," complained Paul Amold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day tum into competitors. Microsoft declined to comment.Like other start-up investors, Mr Amold's own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: "I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don't know."The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than$5.5tm, rifling through such small deals-many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise-might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies (Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4 billion a year on sub-$1 billion acquisitions over the past five years-a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130 billion of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say the big companies use such deals to buytheir most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply close them down.31.【题干】What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?【选项】A.Their engineers were retained.B.Their market values declined.C.Their tech features improved.D.Their products were re-priced.【答案】A32.【题干】Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend to_____.【选项】A.exaggerate their product qualityB.eliminate their potential competitorsC.treat new tech talent unfairlyD.ignore public opinions【答案】B33.【题干】Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might_____.【选项】A.weaken big tech companiesB.worsen market competitionC.harm the national economyD.discourage start-up investors【答案】C34.【题干】The US Federal Trade Commission intend to____.【选项】A.examine small acquisitionsB.limit Big Tech's expansionC.supervise start-ups operationsD.encourage research collaboration【答案】A35.【题干】For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition have____.【选项】A.brought little financial pressureB.raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD.generate considerable profits【答案】A2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析We're fairly good at judging people based on first impression,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed "thin slicing," the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents' end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had count backward from 1, 000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtlesignals form a holistic impression. She found similarinterference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners. Other research shows we're better at detecting deception an sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. "It's as if you're driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University. "and if you startthinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you're fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. College students' ratings of strawberry jams and college course aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of information to process.Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerningrule comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition an creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition ("gut feelings," "hunches," "my heart").Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36.【题干】Nalini Ambaby's study deals with_____【选项】A.instructor student interactionB.the power of people' s memoryC.the reliability of first impressionsD.People's ability to influence others【答案】C37.【题干】In Ambaby's study, rating accuracy dropped when participants_____【选项】A.gave the rating in limited timeB.focused on specific detailsC.watched shorter video clipsD.discussed with on another【答案】B2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more powerthan you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you._____(41)You may decide it's best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer senseof what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your think—all the thingsthat would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened._____(42)Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about— it may be "the credibility of their team on getting a project done on time," says Grenny. You're more likely tobe heard if you can connect your disagreement to a "higher purpose". When you do speak up, don't assume the link will be clear. You 'llwant to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so thatyou're seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who's trying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match._____(43)This step may sound overly deferential, but it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, "I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won't work. I'd like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?" This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming they say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement._____(44)You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't._____(45)Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it's still an opinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying something like "If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it," say, "This is just my opinion, but I don't see how we will make that deadline." Having asserted your perfectly willing to talk-and may even be flattered to receive your attention.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don't make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goal【答案】E2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don't make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goal【答案】G43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don't make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goal【答案】F44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don't make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goal【答案】A45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don't make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goal【答案】B2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案解析Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46.【题干】We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of that time, however, this belief is false. As it tums out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk and may even be flattered to receive your attention.【答案】我们往往认为朋友和家人是我们关系、笑容和温暖的最大来源。
2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案_3
2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads —everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet —not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。
2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案(跨考版)_1
2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案(跨考版)Section III TranslationIt's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation tosucceed.参考译文：人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。
2021年考研《英语二》答案及解析(在线)
2021年考研《英语二》答案及解析(在线)1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
”[A] 为什么 [B] 哪里 [C] 怎样，多么 [D] 当…时候。
根据语义分析，C选项填入原文，译为“快乐可能会影响工作是有多么稳定”，C为正确选项。
2. [标准答案] [B]In particular[考点分析] 上下文语义以及短语辨析[选项分析] [A] 反过来 [B] 尤其是 [C] 相反 [D] 总的来说根据前文语境，第二段第一句译为“根据近期的研究，拥有更多快乐的人的公司会投资更多”。
而第二句“_______那些在快乐氛围中的公司会做更多的研发以及发展。
“第二句是在第一句的基础上进一步强调说明，因此B选项更符合语境要求。
3. [标准答案] [D]necessary[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]充足的 [B] 著名的 [C] 完美的 [D] 必要的首先，根据本句题干“That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.”译为“因为快乐与对未来投资有______长远考虑相联系。
”要求填写形容词, 我们要考虑其搭配与其修饰成分。
空格处搭配介词for, 并且修饰“长远考虑”。
因此D选项最符合语境要求。
4. [标准答案] [C]optimism[考点分析] 上下文语义及名词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]个人主义 [B] 现代主义 [C] 乐观主义 [D] 现实主义本题考查同后缀的名词辨析。
根据原文主旨，探讨“happy people”与公司的关系。
那么，衡量四个选项，只有C选项符合主旨要求。
5. [标准答案] [D]change[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]发出回声 [B] 想念，错过 [C] 破坏 [D] 改变根据原文语境，“would 5 the way companies invested.”本题考查动宾搭配，宾语为“公司投资的方式”只有D选项搭配最为合理。
2021年考研《英语二》答案及解析(海文版)
2021年考研《英语二》答案及解析(海文版)第 1 页：完型填空第 3 页：阅读理解第 8 页：翻译第 9 页：写作1、【答案】[C] signal【解析】此题所在的上下文内容的意思是：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，甚至不_______。
A项“票”，B项“允许”，C项“信号，打招呼”，D项“记录”;选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，因此signal正确。
2、【答案】[D] much【解析】第二个空格所在句子的语义内容是：我们避免和其他人交流是件很悲哀的是，原因在与和陌生人交流，我们会收获_______。
根据句子内容，显然是指和陌生人交流，我们会从中收获很多东西。
A.B.C.三个选项均不符合句意。
因此答案选much.3、【答案】[C] plugged【解析】该题所在语境的意思是：不知道和陌生人交流，我们会从中收获很多东西吗，原因在于____我们的手机。
A.打;B.引导;C.插入，投入;D.带来;四个选项分别带入句中，可以判断出plugged符合句意。
4、【答案】[A] message【解析】该题所在句子的意思是：这种普遍存在的盔甲(不和陌生人交流)传递了“不要靠近我”这个________。
显然这里考察了动宾搭配的考点，而且空格处的内容是说“不要靠近我”。
所以，根据send这个动词和空格处后面的内容可以判断出，答案为message。
其他选项均不符合前后语义。
5、【答案】[C] behind【解析】该所要表达的意思是：…藏在我们屏幕的_______位置。
A.下面;B.之外;C.后面;D. 来自;四个选项分别带入原句，只有behind符合句意。
6、【答案】[D] misinterpreted【解析】空的语境为：我们害怕被拒绝，也害怕我们善意的社交之举被____成“怪异的”，只有答案D符合上下文语义。
7、【答案】[D] delayed【解析】空格所在句与前后句同为we fear…的并列句，故句意应前后保持一致。
2021年考研英语二试题+答案
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C] or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)It’s not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder,1,to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.2one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you’ll3see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected?Never.Do people get on without paying?Of course!Are there inspectors to4that people have paid?Possibly,but very few.And people who run for the bus?They are5.How about jumping lights?Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why?Because the target is6.People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were8or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets.But they9hit cyclists.If the target was changed to10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more11drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another12:people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you 13that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwinds?Of course not!Airlines have simply changed the time a14is meant to take.A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.The15of the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional,with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well16others.Everything can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a17.Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria18critical factors such as time,money,quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to19just one or even two dimensions of the objective,but also to understand how to help people better20 the objective.1.[A]therefore[B]however[C]again[D]moreover2.[A]Emphasize[B]Identify[C]Access[D]Explain3.[A]nearly[B]curiously[C]eagerly[D]quickly4.[A]claim[B]prove[C]check[D]recall5.[A]ignored[B]threatened[C]mocked[D]blamed6.[A]punctuality[B]hospitality[C]competition[D]innovation7.[A]Yet[B]So[C]Besides[D]Still8.[A]hired[B]trained[C]rewarded[D]grouped9.[A]only[B]rather[C]once[D]also10.[A]comfort[B]revenue[C]efficiency[D]security11.[A]friendly[B]quiet[C]cautious[D]diligent12.[A]purpose[B]problem[C]prejudice[D]policy13.[A]reported[B]revealed[C]admitted[D]noticed14.[A]break[B]trip[C]department[D]transfer15.[A]moral[B]background[C]style[D]form16.[A]interpret[B]criticize[C]sacrifice[D]tolerate17.[A]task[B]secret[C]protect[D]cost18.[A]leading to[B]calling for[C]relating to[D]accounting for19.[A]specify[B]predict[C]restore[D]create20.[A]modify[B]review[C]present[D]achieveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1“Reskilling”is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review,finds that on average42per cent of the“core skills”within job roles will change by2022.That is a very short timeline,so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy,ultimately retraining18,000employers.Prepandemic,other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though,the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers,even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February,at3.5per cent and5.5 per cent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to13.3per cent and13.7per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared,not all had done so. In the medical filed,to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnel.Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks,no matter who pays for it.But even if you cannot close that gap,maybe you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden: when forced to furlough90per cent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggests________.[A]a controversy about the“core skills”[B]an increase in full-time employment[C]an urgent demand for new job skills[D]a steady growth of job opportunities22.AT&T is cited to show________.[A]an immediate need for government support[B]an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy[C]the characteristics of reskilling programs[D]the importance of staff appraisal standards23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada________.[A]have appeared to be insufficient[B]have driven up labour costs[C]have proved to be inconsistent[D]have met with fierce opposition24.We can learn from Paragraph3that there was________.[A]a sign of economic recovery[B]a call for policy adjustment[C]a change on hiring practices[D]a lack of medical workers25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to________.[A]create job vacancies for the unemployed[B]retrain their cabin staff for better services[C]prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs[D]finance their staff’s college educationText2With the global population predicted to hit close to10billion by2050,and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace,food security is increasingly making headlines.In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason:Brexit.Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food.The country produces only about60per cent of the food it eats,down from almost three-quarters in the late1980s.A move back to self-sufficiency,the argument goes,would boost the farming industry,political sovereignty and even the nation’s health.Sounds great–but how feasible is this vision?According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds,UK,85per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.That supplies80per cent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.There are many caveats to those figures,but they are still grave.To become much more self-sufficient,the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively–meaning fewer green fields,and more factory-style production.But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help.There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry:most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis.Just25per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing,most of which is already occupied by arable fields.Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg–which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes–we would achieve only a30per cent boost in crop production.Just23per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only30per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would.[A]be hindered by its population growth[B]contribute to the nation's well-being[C]become a priority of the government[D]pose a challenge to its farming industry27.The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UK.[A]farmland has been inefficiently utilized[B]factory-style production needs reforming[C]most land is used for meat and dairy production[D]more green fields will be converted for farming28.Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to.[A]its farming technology[B]its dietary tradition[C]its natural conditions[D]its commercial interests29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people.[A]rely largely on imports for fresh produce[B]enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption[C]are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake[D]are trying to grow new varieties of grains30.The author's attitude to food self-sufficiency in the UK is.[A]defensive[B]doubtful[C]tolerant[D]optimisticText3When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015.It picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for“productivity”software,but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.Both apps,however,were later scrapped,after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products.Their teams of engineers stayed on,making them two of the many “acqui-hires”that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech-talent.To Microsoft’s critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path.“They bought the seedlings and closed them down,”complained Paul Arnold,a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures,putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors.Microsoft declined to comment.Like other start-up investors.Mr.Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies,though he admits to mixed feelings about the result:“I think these things are good for me,if I put my selfish hat on.But are they good for the American economy?I don't know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question.This week,it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade.Although only a research project at this stage,the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than$5.5tn,rifling through such small deals—many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside the point.Between them,the five companies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,Amazon and Facebook)have spent an average of only$3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years—a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves,and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However,critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum,in some cases as part of a“buy and kill”tactic to simply close them down.31.What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?[A]Their engineers were retained.[B]Their market values declined.[C]Their tech features improved.[D]Their products were re-priced.32.Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to.[A]exaggerate their product quality[B]eliminate their potential competitors[C]treat new tech talent unfairly[D]ignore public opinions33.Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might.[A]weaken big tech companies[B]worsen market competition[C]harm the national economy[D]discourage start-up investors34.The US Federal Trade Commission intends to.[A]limit Big Tech’s expansion[B]encourage research collaboration[C]examine small acquisitions[D]supervise start-ups’operations35.For the five biggest tech companies,their small acquisitions have.[A]brought little financial pressure[B]raised few management challenges[C]set an example for future deals[D]generated considerable profitsText4We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction,and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.In one study of the ability she dubbed“thin slicing,”the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness.Their ratings correlated strongly with students’end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had to count backward from1,000by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conscious working memory.Their ratings were just as accurate,demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically,another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating.Accuracy dropped dramatically.Ambady suspected thatdeliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.She found similar interference when participants watched15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers,friends,or dating partners.Other research shows we’re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection.“It’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,”says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,“and if you start thinking about it too much, you can’t remember what you’re doing.But if you go on automatic pilot,you’re fine.Much of our social life is like that.”Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences.College students’ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’opinions when the students weren’t asked to analyze their rationale.And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of information to process.Intuition’s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances.In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks,including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary)and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition(“gut feelings,”“hunches,”“my heart”).Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks,as expected,and helped them on the rest.Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36.Nalini Ambady’s study deals with_________.[A]the power of people’s memory[B]the reliability of first impressions[C]instructor student interaction[D]people’s ability to influence others37.In Ambady’s study,rating accuracy dropped when participants_________.[A]focused on specific details[B]gave the rating in limited time[C]watched shorter video clips[D]discussed with one another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to show that_________.[A]reflection can be distracting[B]memory can be selective[C]social skills must be cultivated[D]deception is difficult to detect39.When you are making complex decisions,it is advisable to_________.[A]collect enough data[B]list your preferences[C]seek expert advice[D]follow your feelings40.What can we learn from the last paragraph?[A]Generating new products takes time.[B]Intuition may affect reflective tasks.[C]Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.[D]Objective thinking may boost inventiveness.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Be realistic about the risksD.Identify a shared goalE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Don't make judgmentsHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do?How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up?And if you do, what exactly should you say?41.You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe“you haven’t finished thinking the problem through,the whole discussion was a surprise to you,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks,”says Weeks.“If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first.People can contribute experience or information to your thinking—all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid.”It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person cares about—it may be“the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time,”says Grenny.You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a“higher purpose.”When you do speak up,don’t assume the link will be clear.You’ll want to state it overtly,contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a shared goal.The discussion will then become“more like a chess game than a boxing match,”says Weeks.43.This step may sound overly deferential,but,according to Grenny,it’s a smart way to give the powerful person“psychological safety”and control.You can say something like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won’t work.I’d like to lay out my reasoning.Would that be OK?”This gives the person a choice,“allowing them to verbally opt in,”says Grenny.And,assuming they say yes,it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.44.You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions.When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,it undercuts the message,Weeks says.It sends“a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what to read,”she explains.Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately.“When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster.You don’t want to be mousey or talk in a whisper,but simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the other person down and does the same for you,”says Grenny.It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.45.Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion,not“gospel truth,”says Grenny.“It may be a well-informed,well-researched opinion,but it’s still an opinion,so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.”Instead of saying something like,“If we set an end-of-quarter deadline,we’ll never make it,”say,“This is just my opinion,but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.”Weeks suggests adding a lot of“guiding phrases”like“I’m thinking aloud here.”This will leave room for dialogue.Having asserted your position(as a position,not as a fact),“demonstrate equal curiosity about other views,”says Grenny.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique.Weeks suggests trying something like,“Tell me where I’m wrong with this.”Be genuinely open to hearing other opinions.”Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter,and warmth.While that may well be true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them.On average,participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers,it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.Much of the time,however,this belief is false.As it turns out,many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you are organizing an online meeting.Write an email to Jack,an international student,to1)invite him to participate,and2)tell him the details.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2021年答案速查表Section I Use of English(10points)1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A6.A7.B8.C9.D10.B11.C12.B13.D14.B15.A16.C17.D18.C19.A20.DSection II Reading Comprehension(50points)Part A(40points)Text121.C22.B23.A24.D25.CText226.B27.C28.C29.A30.BText331.A32.B33.C34.C35.AText436.B37.A38.A39.D40.BPart B(10points)41.E42.D43.F44.A45.BSection III(15points)我们通常认为，情感、欢笑和温暖最主要的来源是朋友及家人。
2021考研英语(二)真题答案与解析
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）真题解析Section I Use of English1.[A]therefore[B]however[C]again[D]moreover【解析】由第一句中not difficult与第二句中much harder形成语意对立关系，由此确定[B]为正确答案，表示转折关系。
2.[A]Emphasize[B]identify[C]Assess[D]explain【解析】由空格后and可知前后两种情况并列，后者distorted表示“扭曲”，语意趋势上表示负面性，则前面要么填负面性语意词或正面性语意词汇。
选项[B]，[]C和[D]都是中性趋势，排除，只有选项[A]符合题意，表示重视和强调。
提示：并列不仅包括语意并列，还包括结构并列。
3.[A]nearly[B]curiously[C]eagerly[D]quickly【解析】此题考查语境分析。
分析句子结构可知：travel on bus作为you will see how this works with drivers的条件或背景。
结合语境，同在一辆车，一切尽收眼底，所以选项[D]符合题意。
4.[A]claim[B]prove[C]check[D]recall【解析】该段第二句对drivers的工作界定为：watch people get on，由此可知其验票职责；在结合本题空格句中people have paid；由此可知选项[C]正确。
5.[A]threatened[B]ignored[C]mocked[D]blamed【解析】本题难度来自对they的界定，到底指drivers，还是指people（乘客）；从上面的一系列问句形式中找答案。
Are they carefully inspected？主体是people；再对照文中几个疑问，主体都应该是people，所以选项[B]符合题意。
提示：选项[D]有干扰性，容易理解为：车在前面跑，乘客在后面追赶车，没有追上，结果被乘客责备。
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2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案
【原文题目】
My Dream
My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!
【参考译文】
我的梦想
我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。
在我中学毕业的两年前，我参加了一个缝纫和设计课程，原以为我能再继续
参加一个时装设计的课程。
然而，就在这个课程上，我意识到，将来在这个领域，我是无法和那些富于创新精神的精英们相媲美的。
于是，我断定到这条路走不通。
在申请上大学之前，我和所有人都讲，我想学新闻学，因为，写作曾经是，现在也是我最喜欢的活动之一。
但是，说实话，我之所以这样说，是因为我以为从事时装设计不过是一个梦想，我也知道，除了我之外，没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作。
【翻译解析】
1. My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.
参考译文：我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。
句子分析：这个句子是简单句，句子主干是My dream has always been to work，后面的部分是状语。
难点的地方在于状语部分somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing, 这里somewhere不需要翻译出来避免后面的介词短语重复，抽象理解为在时尚设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。
2. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.
参考译文：在我中学毕业的两年前，我参加了一个缝纫和设计课程，原以为我能再继续参加一个时装设计的课程。
句子分析：句子主干为I took a sewing and design course 后面是现在分词短语thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course作伴随状语。
3. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me.
参考译文：然而，就在这个课程上，我意识到，将来在这个领域，我是无法和那些富于创新精神的精英们相媲美的。
于是，我断定到这条路走不通。
句子分析：句子结构是i realized +that 引导的宾语从句，so 引导的结果状语从句，结果状语从句中that引导宾语从句。
第一个宾语从句中主干是I was not good enough in this area，其后有动词不定式短语做目的状语。
4. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities.
参考译文：在申请上大学之前，我和所有人都讲，我想学新闻学，因为，写作曾经是，现在也是我最喜欢的活动之一。
句子分析：句子结构为i told everyone +that引导的宾语从句，because引导的状语从句。
5. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I
thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!
参考译文：但是，说实话，我之所以这样说，是因为我以为从事时装设计不过是一个梦想，我也知道，除了我之外，没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作
句子分析：本句主句为i said it ，其后又because 引导原因状语从句，原因状语从句中that 引导了宾语从句。
破折号之后的句子结构为I know +that引导的宾语从句。