英语句子结构分析句子成分(课堂PPT)

❖ (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ❖ ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ❖ ② People all over the world speak English. ❖ ③ You must pay good attention to your
pronunciation. ❖ ④ How many new words did you learn last
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
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(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
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3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分， 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.
（名词）
You don’t look it.
（代词）
Five and five is ten.
31九插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充强调解释或者说话的态度其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开并且在语法上不影响其他成份
英语句子成分和英语 句子结构讲解及练习
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❖ 简单句的五个基本句型 ❖ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
She came．. ❖ 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语
She likes English. ❖ 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ❖ She is happy． ❖ 主语 ＋ 动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ❖ She gave John a book．
class? ❖ ⑤ Some of the students in the school want
to go ming.
❖
his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
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❖ 5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 ❖ We elected him monitor. （名词）
从句）
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常见连系动词
1. “存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态. 这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的 有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似 乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明 是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起 来)等。
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❖ 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是 “什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。
❖ 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ❖ 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一 般放在直接宾语的前面。 ❖ 如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ❖ 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在 直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
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❖ 主谓宾 ❖ 名／代－－动词－－名／代 ❖ we-- saw --you. ❖ we-- did --the work. ❖ 主系表 ❖ 名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ❖ you are beautiful ❖ you seems worried. ❖ you are a stufent. ❖ 相同点都三部分，主语也一样． 不同动词和系动词，
8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步 说明它的情况。
❖ 如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的 同学汤姆在哪里？)
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1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
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谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行 为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的 后面。
We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer
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❖ 扩展： ❖ 主补：对主语的补充。 ❖He was elected monitor. ❖She was found singing in the next
room. ❖He was advised to teach the lazy
boy a lesson.
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❖ (五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ❖ ① She likes the children to read
2. 例如: The story sounds true. 3. Those oranges taste good star.
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2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。
这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的 有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保 持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于 某状况或情形)等。
❖ We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）
❖ We will make them happy. （形容词） ❖ We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) ❖ Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）
❖ 如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) /
❖ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常 帮我做功课) /
❖ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
❖ His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
❖ Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） ❖ I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
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5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容 词、代词、数词等担任。如：
❖ Shanghai is a big city .(上海是 个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副 词,通常由副词担任。
❖如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
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7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么, 通常由形容词或动词充当。
（数词）
He is asleep.
（形容词）
His father is in.
（副词）
The picture is on the wall.
(介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的 分词）
The question is whether they will come. （表语
么)”。主要由动词担任。 ❖ 如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天
打扫房间) ❖ 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答
是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或 形容词担任。 ❖ 如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given
by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without
the teacher's help is very difficult.
comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
句）
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2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介 宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾 （指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money 17
时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不 用． 表语可以是形容词，宾语不行． 只有宾语有 补足语
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❖ 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ❖ 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足
语。 ❖ 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或
者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ❖ 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ❖ 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什
❖ She bought a book for me. ❖ 主语 ＋ 动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ❖ She makes her mother angry．
❖ The teacher asked me to read the passage. ❖ （ There +be There lies a book on the desk.
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数 词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从
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(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very
tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested
例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?
It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning.
The store remains closed.
What's the matter?
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❖3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变 化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词 强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的 有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变 得), get(变得)等。
❖例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
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4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词
或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：
I like China. （名词）
newspapers and books in the reading-room. ❖ ② He asked her to take the boy out of