Unit 5 For Want of a Drink教案(综英二)

任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Unit 5
一、授课时间：第11—12周
二．授课类型：课文分析10课时；习题讲解2课时
三．授课题目：For Want of a Drink
四．授课时数：12
五．教学目的和要求：
通过讲授课文使学生了解人类正在面临水资源严重匮乏的事实，给每一个人敲响了警钟，学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。

要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。

六．教学重点和难点：
1）背景知识的传授：The Earthquake in Port-au-Prince; Noah’s Ark; The Byzantine emperor Justinian; Osiris; the Jordan; the Ganges;
2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；
3）语言点的理解：
Word study: apparatus; aquifer; arid; breed; capacious; category; chronically; deity; delta; desalination; diminish; distribute; diversion; endangered; equilibrium; ethanol; evaporate; extinct; extract; famine; finite; flush; girder; glacier
Grammar Focus: Learn to use how to denote implied condition.
七．教学基本内容和纲要
Part One Warm – up
1.1 Warm-up Questions
1. What is the author trying to tell people in this essay? Is he addressing any particular target audience?
2. How does the author explain the importance of water to human beings? Do you agree with the author that water is at least as important to us as oil?
3. Do you agree that humanity is now facing a serious water crisis? Why does the author say “Everyone must use less water if famine, pestilence and mass migration are not to sweep the globe”? How do those countries with abundant water resources affect global water shortage?
4. Has the author said anything new to you in this essay? Are there any lines in this essay that you find particularly thought-provoking and feel particularly deserve our attention? Underline them and share with your classmates.
5. Have you found anything important that the author has left untouched on this topic? How would you improve upon this essay if you are to write a similar piece?
6. Do you find the essay hard to follow because it is technical and scientific? Are you bored with these endless discussions of environmental problems? Can you explain why you feel the way you do when you read this essay?
Part Two Background Information
2.1 Author
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
2.2 Noah’s Ark; Port-au-Prince; The Byzantine emperor Justinian; Osiris; the Jordan; the Ganges Part Three Text Appreciation
3.1 Text Analysis
3.1.1 Theme of the text
3.1.2 Structure of the text
3.2 Writing Devices
3.2.1 The development of this essay by giving some figures
3.3 Sentence Paraphrase
Part Four Language Study
4.1 Phrases and Expressions
4.1.1 Word list:
4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:
4.1.3 Word Building
4.2 Grammar
4.2.1 Object
Part Five Extension
5.1 Group discussion
5.2 Debating
八、教学方法和措施
本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。

九．作业，讨论题，思考题
完成课后练习；
多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；
精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；
积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；
坚持用英语写日记；
做一些专四相关练习；
十．参考资料：
1)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，学生用书。

北京：外语教学与研
究出版社,2012。

2)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，教师用书。

北京：外语教学与研
究出版社,2012。

3)李观仪主编，《新编英语教程》（第三、四册）。

上海:上海外语教学研究出版, 1999。

4)黄源深，虞苏美等主编，《综合英语教程》（1-4册）。

北京：高等教育出版社，1998。

5)《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，北京：外语教学研究出版社，2000。

6)Judy Pearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。

上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998。

7)丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

8)张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994。

9)张道真，温志达, 《英语语法大全》上、下卷。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998。

任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日十一、课后小结
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Unit 5 For Want of a Drink
Part One Warm – up
1.1 Warm-up Questions
1.Do you think water is important?
Yes, water is the source of all life and we need it every day. No matter who we are, where we are, or what we do, we are dependent on water.
2.What is the situation of water resources on the earth?
70 percent of the earth is covered with water but 97.5% of our water resources are
salty-----it’s sea water. 90 percent of all fresh water is ice and snow, located in polar areas or on high mountains.
3.Do we Chinese need to worry about water?
Yes, because of huge population, China has less than a quarter of the world’s average per capita water capacity.
4.What should we do to save water resources?
1). When we wash hands and face we shouldn’t leave the water running, we’d better use a
basin. When we leave, we should turn off the taps.
2). When we take a bath, don’t have the water running all the time.
3). The water we used can be used to water the flowers or sweep the floor.
Part Two Background Information
2.1 As is known to all, the yellow river is our mother river, without her, we can’t live a happy life. But she has been polluted by us .when you look at this picture, what would you think of? Through history, water is in people’s body and soul.
When we get back to our history, there is a classic story about water conservancy that is Da Yu’S Successful Regulating of Floodwaters.
Yu the Great was the chieftain of the legendary Xiahou clan. He was originally called Yu or Xiayu. According to legend, the Yellow River flooded during the reign of Empe ror Yao, and the people were forced to abandon their villages, and go to live in trees or on mountaintops. The flood brought great misery to the people.
Emperor Yao, the chieftain of the Yan-Huang tribal alliance, appointed Gun to harness the flood. Gun built dikes to keep back the water, but failed. shun, who succeeded Yao, killed Gun, and appointed Gun's son Yu to continue with the flood-harnessing work. Yu adopted the dredging method to lead the flood waters to flow along river courses into the sea. Yu worked very hard. It was said that during the 13 years he spent taming the floods, he passed his home three times, but did not enter until his task was completed.
As a result of his successful efforts, the people bestow ed on him the title “Y u the Great” and Shun chose Yu as his successor, with the approval of the tribal chieftains.
2.2the Jordan River and the Ganges
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Christians, Jews, and Muslims all considered consider the Jordan River holy.
Every year many people from all over the world go to the Jordan River for receiving baptism.
2.3 The Earthquake in Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince is the capital and largest city of the caribbean country of Haiti, and is one of the nation's largest centers of economy and finance. It was catastrophically affected by an earthquake on january 12,2010,with large numbers of structures damaged or destroyed. Haiti's government has estimated the death toll at 230,000 and says more bodies remain uncounted.
Aid has been delivered to Port-au-Prince by numerous nations and voluntary groups as part of
a global relief effort.
Part Three Text Appreciation
3.1 Text Analysis
3.1.1 Theme of the text
1) In this article, the author introduces a warning about the water crisis and then gives a causal analysis of water shortage: population explosion since the second half of the last century, soaring agricultural demands for better tasting food and growing industrial and domestic demands for water.
3.1.2 Structure of the text
Part 1. Introduction: A warning about a water crisis (paras. 1-2)
Part 2. Causal analysis of water shortage (paras. 3-5)
Para. 3:Population explosion since the second half of the last century
Para. 4: Soaring agricultural demands for better tasting food
Para. 5: Growing industrial and domestic demands consuming 30% of the withdrawal
Part 3. Difficulty in satisfying these demands (paras. 6-8)
Para. 6: The supply of water being finite
Para. 7:97% of the world’s water being salty
Para. 8: Fresh water available for living things being scarce
Part 4. Characteristics of water as natural resource (paras. 9-15)
Paras. 9-10: Water being not evenly distributed
Paras. 11-12: Water being local and heavy to move
Paras. 13-15: Underground water being almost used as a free resource
Part 5. Reiteration of the value of water (Paras. 16-17)
Part 6. Conclusion: Difficulty in using the resource sensibly (paras. 18-19)
Para. 18: The belief that water is a free resource
Para. 19: The holy quality water is invested with
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Relevant questions:
Q1: Do we have a water problem or not?
Q2: How serious is the problem?
Q3: Where does our country stand in the world in terms of its share of water resources?
Q4: What are the main causes of our water problem?
Q5: What do you think we can do to solve this problem?
3.2 Writing Devices
3.2.1 Comparison
3.3 Sentence Paraphrase
1. When the word water appears in print nowadays, crisis is rarely far behind. (para. 1) Today, whenever people mention the word “water” in books or newspapers, you know they are going to talk about water crisis.
The opening paragraph summarizes what books and newspaper articles say about the present water problem.
①in print: printed in a book, newspaper, etc.
②rarely far behind: very near
2. Water, it is said, is the new oil: a resource long squandered, now growing expensive and soon to be overwhelmed by insatiable demand. (par1)
Like oil, water, a natural resource, which has for a long time been stupidly wasted, is becoming an expensive commodity, and will soon be exhausted by the excessive consumption of humanity. Here the writer is reminding people of the Mideast Oil Crisis in the 1970’s. In October 1973, Arab petroleum exporting countries cut off exports of petroleum to many Western nations, including the United States, in response to their involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflicts. The embargo 禁运，贸易禁令led to rising oil prices in the early 1970’s, bringing widespread panic to Western countries. Many people believe that high oil consumption in these countries was the root cause of the oil crisis. The Mideast Oil Crisis enhanced public environmental awareness and heightened public concern over natural resource scarcity.
3.Aquifers 地下蓄水层are falling, glaciers vanishing, reservoirs drying up and rivers no longer flowing to the sea. (para. 1)
This sentence explains why the author believes that water is “soon to be exhausted” by describing what is happening to major water-holding parts of Earth including aquifers, glaciers, rivers (all naturally formed), and man-made reservoirs. The author uses accurate and specific verbs to show they are disappearing from our planet:
①(aquifers) falling: becoming lower
②(glaciers) vanishing: melting
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
③(reservoirs) drying up: becoming dry
④(rivers) no longer flowing to the sea: （sections of them）drying up so that they are
no longer a continuous flow of water to the sea.
4.Climate change threatens to make the problem worse. (para. 1)
①threaten 预示凶兆: to be likely to harm or destroy sth, e.g.
1). Global warming, which causes the seas to rise, threatens to engulf islands.
2). The civil war is threatening to split the country.
3). The country’s crippling 有严重危害的debts could threaten its entire financial system.
5. Everyone must use less water if famine, pestilence and mass migration are not to sweep the globe. (para. 1)
All of us must use less water to avoid such disasters as famine, epidemic, and mass migration throughout the world.
mass migration: here referring to the movement of large numbers of people from one place or one part of the world to another to escape the disasters caused by shortage of water
Note: The concluding sentence suggests a simple solution to the problem: use less water.
6. The language is often overblown, and the remedies sometimes ill-conceived 筹划不周的;计划欠周详的, but the basic message is not wrong. (para. 1)
The language used in these books and articles are often exaggerated, and the solutions suggested sometimes do not sound sensible (for example, we may ask, “is it sensible to urge people to use less water when they want to maintain a comfortable lifestyle and live on a nutritious diet?”)
①ill-conceived: not showing careful thought; not sounding sensible
②the basic message: the key idea that people should use less water
7. Bringing supply and demand into equilibrium will, and political disputes may increase in be painful number and intensify in their capacity to cause trouble. (para. 2)
It is extremely difficult to balance people’s demand for more water and the amount of water that is available.
①bringing supply and demand into equilibrium:
making demand match supply; not using more water than is available
②political disputes may increase in number:
(there will be) more and more political disputes over water
③intensify in their capacity to cause trouble:
(and these disputes) may cause more and more serious troubles
8．To carry on with present practice would indeed be to invite disaster. (para. 2)
If people maintain their present lifestyle and continue wasting water the way they do, they would head for disaster. This is a sentence of implied condition, which is conveyed in the subject “to carry on with present practice.”
invite: to encourage sth bad to happen, esp. without intending to, e.g.
1). The First Lady’s recent trip invited sharp criticism.
9.Then the green revolution, in an inspired 有创造力的；品质优秀的；combination of new crop breeds, fertilizers and water, made possible a huge rise in the population. (para. 3)
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
The sentence lists the causes for a tremendous increase in the world’s food supply. First and foremost, improved methods of farming, then better breeds, and fertilizers. The consequence
is a huge rise of the world’s population.
①the green revolution: a term widely used to describe the effort to increase and diversify crop yields in agriculturally less advanced regions of the world/a large increase in the amount of crops, such as wheat or rice, that are produced because of improved scientific methods of farming
②inspired: extraordinary good, brilliant and creative
1). The film is hailed as an inspired adaptation of a bestseller.
2). She is one of the few inspired teachers I’ve ever seen.
10．Domestic activities take the other 8%. (para. 5)
①domestic activities: referring to sanitation, waste disposal, etc.
11. One reason is that the supply of water is finite.
One reason is that the amount of water available is limited.
12. The world will have no more of it in 2025 or 2050 than it has today, or when it lapped at the sides of Noah’s Ark. (para. 6)
In 2025 or 2050, the world’s water supply will be the same as it is today, or in the days of Noah. When it lapped at the sides of Noah’s Ark:
when flood water hit the sides of Noah’s Ark in small waves
The metaphor is used to emphasize the fact that world’s water supply has remained the same since ancient times.
13. the law of conservation of mass (para. 6)
In 1772, British physician Daniel Rutherford isolated nitrogen from air and discovered that objects would not burn in it. Four years later British chemist Joseph Priestley discovered that objects burned more brightly and rapidly in oxygen, another component of air. Based on Priestley’s discoveries, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier postulated that air was a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen and that only one-fifth of air was oxygen. He proposed that oxygen was the part of air that combined chemically with burning or rusting materials.
Lavoisier also consolidated discoveries made in connection with gases into the law of conservation of mass. The law of conservation of mass states that, in a chemical reaction, the total amount of matter remains constant. The law of conservation of mass served as the cornerstone of 19th-century chemistry.
Nature recycles water all the same. Water in oceans, lakes, and rivers evaporates, or turns into a gas and rises into the air. The water vapor eventually turns back into a liquid and falls as rain. The water cycle keeps the total amount of water on Earth the same.
14. The value of water as a commodity of course varies according to locality, purpose and circumstance. (para. 9)
①vary: to change or be different according to the situation, e.g.
1). Teaching methods should vary according to the topic.
2). The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person.
3). Class size of elementary schools here varies between 35 and 40.
4). The price of a cut and blow-dry varies from $ 13.95 to $25.
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
15. Scarce or plentiful, water is above all local. (para. 11)
Whether there is little or a lot of it, most importantly, water is found in particular areas, not everywhere on Earth (not evenly distributed).
①scarce or plentiful: a phrase functioning as a conditional clause
More examples:
1). All people, black or white, rich or poor, should live side by side.
2).In wealth or in poverty, his wife proved a reliable anchor for his life.
16. …the opportunities d iminish to the point where it has no uses except to sustain deltas, wetlands and to carry silt out to sea. (para. 11)
…near the sea, the river water becomes less and less useful except finally to sustain deltas, wetlands and to carry silt out to sea.
17. … as the demands of farmers have outgrown their supplies of rain and surface water. (pa.
13)
…as farmers need more fresh water than they can get from rivers, lakes and reservoirs as well as rainfalls.
①outgrow: to grow/increase faster than, e.g.
1). Mankind is outgrowing food supplies.
2). The city’s migrant population has outgrown its public facilities.
3). My granddaughter has outgrown all her clothes.
18. . …the quantities being withdrawn exceed the annual recharge. (para. 13)
①withdraw: (figurative use) to take water from below the surface of Earth (as you take money from your bank account)
②exceed: to be greater than a particular number or amount
e.g.
1). When deaths exceed births, the population goes down.
2). Income is expected to exceed expenditure.
③recharge: to refill ( a battery) with electricity, here: to refill (the ground) with water
Note: The word “charge” has many different meanings.
19. …deep-groundwater tables have dropped by up to 90 meters. (para. 14)
①water table: groundwater level, that is, the upper surface of groundwater, below which pores in the rocks are filled with water.
20. Part of the beauty of the borehole is that it requires no elaborate apparatus. (para. 15) Obtaining water out of the ground by drilling deep holes is easy, requiring no complicated equipment.
①the beauty of sth: an attractive, useful, or satisfying feature that makes sth esp. suitable or useful, e.g.
1). One of the beauties of microblogging is that you can get your message to large numbers of people speedily.
2). Part of the beauty of working at home is that you don’t have to hurry to and from the workplace.
Note: The choice between “part of the beauty” and “one of the beauties” depends on whether you
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
regard the word “beauty” as countable or uncountable.
②borehole: a deep hole drilled into the ground to obtain samples for geologic study or to release or extract water or oil
21. A single farmer may be able to sink his own tube well and start pumping. (para. 15)
①tube well: a pipe with holes in the sides near the end, that is put into the ground and used with a pump operated by hand to bring water up from under the ground
22. That is why India and China are now perforated with millions of irrigation wells, each drawing on the common resource. (para. 15)
That is why millions of irrigation wells have been dug in India and China, both using the supply of water belonging to/shared by the whole community.
①perforate: to make a hole or holes in sth, or part of your body
②draw on sth: to use part of a supply of sth that belongs to a group of people
e.g. 1). In the road accident, his lung was perforated.
2). She told her children not to wear earphones, for they can perforate their eardrums.
23. But even big aquifers are not immune to the laws of physics.
①be immune to/from sth: to be not influenced or affected by sth that happens or is done, e.g.
1). NBA is not immune to economic recession.
2). John seems to be immune to teasing.
24. But almost nowhere will the price reflect scarcity…(para. 15)
Many countries are faced with the problem of water shortage, but the resource is free almost everywhere. Its low price does not show the scarcity of it.
Here, the writer is advocating treating resource as a commodity, the price of which is determined by supply and demand. This can help control and manage the stuff.
①will: used to indicate the way that sth usu. happens
25. Priced or not, water is certainly valued, and that value depends on the use to which it is harnessed. (para. 16)
Whether it is reasonably priced or not, water is a valuable resource, and the value is determined by the purpose it is made to serve.
①priced or not: another pattern of condensed conditional clauses introduced by “whether”
More examples:
1). Believe it or not, a 10-year-old girl beat a professional at chess.
2). Like it or not, learners of English have to live with its irregular spelling.
②harness: to attach a horse or other animal to sth with a harness, e.g.
e.g. The farmer harnessed two oxen to the plow.
But here, “harness” is used figuratively, e.g.
In some areas, the poor feel harnessed to their jobs.
“Harness” also means
“to gain control of sth and use it for some purpose,” e.g.
1). The windmill is an example of how people harness the wind to produce electricity.
26. …and for this there is no sub stitute. (para. 17)
…and no other stuff can replace water.
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
27. No one survived in the ruins of Port-au-Prince for more than a few days after January’s earthquake unless they had access to some water-based food or drink. (para. 17)
①in the ruins of Port-au-Prince:
in the completely damaged city of Port-au-Prince
②January’s earthquake:
referring to the earthquake that struck Port-au-Prince, on 12 January 2010, devastating the city
③had access to some water-based food or drink:
had some food or drink, of which water is the main ingredient
④-based:
a suffix used to form adjectives describing the basic part or feature of sth
e.g. a pork-based dish; carbon-based fuels; a computer-based testing; a rice-based diet;
a cream-based sauce; community-based service
28. …m any people believe water to be a human right, a necessity more basic than bread or a roof over the head. (para. 17)
…many people believe that water is a right every human being is entitled to. It is a necessity more important than food and shelter (for water is finite, and has no substitute).
①a human right:
It refers to one of the basic rights that many societies think every person should have. The right to life itself and the basic necessities of food, shelter and clothing may be considered fundamental human rights.
29. From this much follows. (para. 18)
The belief that water is a human right…results in/leads to many other consequences.
①follow: to be a logical consequence of sth, e.g.
1). If the explanation is right, two things follows.
2). The conclusion that follows from the investigation is that drunk driving was the immediate cause of the accident.
3). Just because a child fails an exam, it does not follow that he will fail the next.
30. a “democratic resource” (para. 18)
a natural resource that every human being has a just claim to.
31. …has a sacred or mystical quality that is invested in deities like Gong Gong and Osiris 司阴府之神，地狱判官（古埃及的主神之一）and rivers like the Jordan and the Ganges. (para. 19)
①invest: (often passive) to provide sb/sth with a particular quality or characteristic, e.g.
1). Tiananmen Square in Beijing is invested with deep historic significance.
2). Her easy manner and simple black dress invested her with great elegance.
3). A sense of wonder and delight is invested in his poems.
②Gong Gong: in Chinese mythology, a water god or sea monster, said to resemble a serpent or dragon. He is said to be responsible for the great floods together with his associate, Xiang Yao, who has nine heads and the body of a snake. They are both killed by Yu the Great.
32. …has proved so difficult to organize. (para. 19)
…has proved so difficult for people to work out ways so that it is used sensibly and efficiently
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日because this is bound to meet with opposition.
Part Four Language Study
4.1 Phrases and Expressions
4.1.1 Word list:
1. conserve; reserve; preserve; pain; painful; hurt; hurtful; lack; short; scarce; change; alter; modify; shift; vary; convert; mend; substitute; replacement
4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:
1. insatiable demand;
2. ill-conceived remedies;
3. groundwater tables;
4. rivers no longer flowing to the sea;
5. famine; pestilence and mass migration;
6. supply and demand;
7. capacious baths, power showers and flush lavatories;
8. crop breeds;
9. the area under irrigation; 10. the law of conservation of mass; 11. sea water desalination; 12. outgrow supplies (demands) 13. endangered species; 14. a cooling system; 15. thermal power
4.1.3 Word Building
1. thermal; thermos flask; thermometer; thermonuclear; thermodynamics
2. equilibrium; equilateral; equal; equality; equalize; equate; equity; equivalent
3. aquifer; aqueduct; aquatic; aquarium
4. double; triple; quadruple; multiple
5. overblown; overdone; overstated; overstaffed; overestimated
4.2 Grammar
4.2.1 Note and point out how a condition, either real or unreal, is implied in these sentences.
1. To carry on with present practice would indeed be to invite disaster.
2. With 2 billion people around the world about to enter the middle class, the agricultural demands on water would increase even if the population stood still.
4.2.2 Learn about the use of or in phrases that function as a conditional clause.
1. Scarce or plentiful, water is above all local.
2. Priced or not, water is certainly valued, and that value depends on the use to which it is harnessed.
3. That’s normal, believe it or not.
4. By design or by accident, his encounter with his would-be boss was a turning point in his life.
5. Like it or not, our upbringing helps shape our lives and make us what we are.
6. Admit it or not, John is the best programmer in our department.
Part Five Extension
5.1 Group discussion
1. What are the prospects of our water supply in future?
5.2 Debating
Topics for debating:
1. Do you find the essay hard to follow because it is technical and scientific?。