外研版高二英语选择性必修第二册(2019版)_Unit2_结构-情景破

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Unit2 结构-情景破
知识点1 with的复合结构
With the detox now finished,they've switched on their devices and they're back online.(教材P14)现在脱瘾结束了,他们打开了设备,又重新上线了。

With the detox now finished是with的复合结构,其中the detox是介词With 的宾语,过去分词finished是宾语补足语。

情景导学
With a lot of work to do,he wasn’t allowed to go out.
因为有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。

With prices going up so fast,we can’t afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品。

With all the things she needed bought,she went home.
买了她需要的所有东西后,她就回家了。

He often sleeps with the windows open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉
On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.在我上一年级的第一天,我站在门口,心里七上八下的。

归纳拓展
①with的复合结构由“with+______+_______”构成,常在句中作______表示伴随、时间、原因等。

with的复合结构也可作_______。

②with的复合结构中的宾语补足语通常由_________(表示将来的动作)、___________(表主动或正在进行的动作)、___________(表示被动或已完成的动作)、形容词、副词、介词短语充当。

链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1(2019课标全国I,完形填空,★★☆)
Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ________(ruin)the atmosphere of peace?
1-2(2019天津,完形填空,★★☆)In my husband's hand was my wallet,with not
a penny______(miss).
1-3(2019江苏,32,★★☆)China's Image Is improving steadily,with more countries ________(recognize)its role in international affairs.
1-4(2018课标全国I,阅读理解C,★★☆)Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers______(leave).
1-5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,书面表达,★★☆)Moreover,with the stadium _______(build)a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
1-6(2018江苏,任务型阅读,★★★)______these statistics in mind,art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative plan.
1-7(★★☆)With a lot of work _______(do),I can't go out with you.
知识点2 what引导名词性从句
On Monday,my classmate and I spoke about what we did at the weekend--it felt really strange not to already know what he had done.(教材P14)星期一,我的同学和我谈到了我们周末做的事——不知道他之前做了什么感觉真是奇怪。

what we did at the weekend为what引导的宾语从句,作介词about的宾语;what he had done为what引导的宾语从句,作及物动词know的宾语。

情景导学
What we need is patience.我们需要的是耐心。

I will make a list of what my kids need for the coming season.
我会把孩子们在即将到来的季节里需要的东西列个清单。

China is not what it was more than 50 years ago.
中国不是50多年前的样子了。

归纳拓展
①名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

②what常用来引导_____、_____、_____、等名词性从句,意为“_________”。

③what在从句中可以充当等_______、_______、_______等句子成分。

单句语法填空
2-1(2019课标全国I,阅读理解A,★☆☆)
The deadlines and ________ you need to apply depend on the program.
2-2(2019天津,阅读理解B改编,★☆☆)I can’t believe ________ is printed in the newspaper this morning.
2-3(2019江苏,阅读理解C,★★☆)The question,however,is whether this is ________ the developing countries need the most.
完成句子
2-4(2018北京,15,★★☆)这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。

This is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
2-5(2017江苏,26,★★☆)我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。

We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to s 20,half of_____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
知识点3 动名词(短语)作主语
Doing the detox meant we had to talk and explain what we were doing and thinking!(教材P14)脱瘾意味着我们必须谈论并解释我们在做什么和想什么!
Doing the detox为动名词短语作主语,主句的谓语动同是meant。

情景导学
Reading English loudly in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨大声读英文将对你有许多好处。

Swimming is one of Mr. Wangs favorite hobbies in his spare time. 游泳是王先生闲暇时最喜欢的业余爱好之。

It's no use crying over spilt milk.事已至此,后悔也没有用了。

归纳拓展
①动名词(短语)作主语多表示动作_____、_____动作或状态,谓语动词常用_____形式。

②动名词(短语)作主语时,有时用_____作形式主语,而把动名词(短语)后置,常见结构:
It is no use/ good + doing…_____
It is a waste of + n. + doing…_____
单句语法填空
3-1(2019课标全国I,阅读理解B,★★☆)_______(learn)English as a second language can be a painful experience.
3-2(2019天津,4,★★☆)_______(learn)to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
3-3(2016课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,★★☆)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______(be)often acceptable.
3-4(★★☆)Training for a marathon________(require)careful preparation and steady gradual increases in the length of the runs
3-5(★★☆)If you don't work hard at present,It's no use _______(worry)about the future.
3-6(★★☆)It is a waste of time ________(wait)in this situation.
知识点4“疑问词+不定式”结构
It helped students learn how to best communicate using social media.(教材P16)它帮助学生学会如何使用社交媒体进行最佳沟通。

how to best communicate是“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中作及物动词learn 的宾语。

情景导学
I wonder how to deal with this problem.
我想知道如何处理这个问题。

They are both uncertain about what to do next.
他们两个人都拿不定主意接下来做什么。

Where to go on an outing hasn’t been decided yet.
去哪里外出游玩还没有决定。

The question is when to carry out our plan.
问题是什么时候实施我们的计划。

拓展归纳
①在“疑问词+不定式”结构中,不定式的逻辑主语通常是这个句子的_______,疑问词可以是who、what which、when、where等。

②“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可以作_______、_______及表语等,且不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。

③疑问代词后面需跟_______动词;若是不及物动词,后面需跟相应的_______。

疑问副词后可以接不及物动词;若接及物动词,动词不定式需有自己的_______。

单句语法填空
4-1(2019天津,阅读理解B,★☆☆)It seemed an unending journey,but even as a six-year old girl I realized that knowing how_______(read)could open many doors. 4-2(2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D,★★☆)The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did ______to live more with less.
完成句子
4-3(2018课标全国I,完形填空,★★☆)你在下国际象棋时学到的最重要的技能是如何作出正确的决定。

The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is_______ _______ _______ good decisions.
4-4(★★☆)我们的班主任告诉我去哪里野餐在讨论中。

Our headteacher told me _______ _______ _______a picnic was under discussion.
翻译句子
4-5(★★☆)我想知道当我遇到麻烦向谁求助。

________________________________________
4-6(★★☆)问题是什么时候举行会议。

__________________________________________
知识点5强调句
It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive.(教材P21)就是从那时起,他的孙子孙女们开始控制如何处理他们所收到的钱……
It was from then on that…是强调句,被强调部分是from then on,在句中作状语。

情景导学
It was then that I realized her seat was empty!就在那时,我意识到她的座位是空的!
Was it in the street that he met his old friend mike?
他是在街上遇见了他的老朋友迈克吗?
When was it that they went abroad?
他们是什么时候出国的?
归纳拓展
①强调句的一般形式为“_________________”,常用来强调句子的主语、状语、宾语等。

当被强调者是人时,强调句型中的that可换成who;其他情况下,只能用that。

②强调句型的一般疑问句形式:______________
③强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:______________
④对not ... until …的强调:It is/was not until…that+句子剩余部分。

单句语法填空
5-1(2018天津,14,★★☆)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
5-2(2017天津,1,★★☆)It was when I got back to my apartment________ I first came across my new neighbors.
5-3(★★☆)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century _________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
5-4(★★☆)It was when we were returning home _________ I realized what a good
feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
句型转换
5-5(2016天津改编,13,★★☆)It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(1)______________________
(改为一般疑问句)
(2)______________________
(对画线部分提问)
答案:
知识点1
①宾语;宾语补足语;状语;定语②动词不定式;现在分词;过去分词
l-1 ruining 考查with的复合结构。

分析句子结构可知,lines of tourists和ruin 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。

1-2 missing 考查with的复合结构。

句意:我丈夫手里拿着我的钱包,一分钱也没丢。

分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作宾补,说明宾语 a penny的状态,故用missing,意为“丢失的”。

1-3 recognizing 考查with的复合结构。

句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。

分析句子结构可知,more countries和recognize之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。

1-4 let 考查with的复合结构。

此处表示“只剩下一些年长的语言使用者”,分析句子结构可知,only a few elderly speakers与leave之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

1-5 built 考查with的复合结构。

句意:此外,随着体育场的建成,可以举办各种各样的体育活动。

分析句子结构可知,the stadium和build之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

1-6 with 考查with的复合结构。

分析句子结构且结合句意可知此处为with的复合结构,故填with。

1-7 to do 考查with的复合结构。

句意:因为有很多工作要做,我不能和你一起出去了。

根据句意可知此处表示将来的动作,故填to do。

知识点2
②主语从句;宾语从句;表语从句;…的事情/东西
③主语;宾语;表语
2-1 what考查名词性从句。

句意:最后期限和你需要申请什么取决于项目。

分析句子结构可知______ you need to apply是主语从句,且设空处在从句中作apply 的宾语,故用连接代词what。

2-2 what考查名词性从句。

句意:我不敢相信今天早上报纸上刊登的内容。

分析句子结构可知,______ is printed in the newspaper this morning为宾语从句,且设空处在从句中作主语,故用连接代词what。

2-3 what考查名词性从句。

句意:但问题是,这是否是发展中国家最需要的东西。

分析句子结构可知,______the developing countries need the most是表语从句,且设空处在从句中作及物动词need的宾语,故用连接代词what。

2-4 what my father has taught me
2-5 what it used to charge
知识点3
①一般性的;习惯性的;单数②It;做……是没用的做……是浪费……
3-1 Learning考查动名词短语作主语。

句意:把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是一次令人痛苦的经历。

分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作主语,故用动名词形式Learning。

3-2 Learning考查动名词短语作主语。

句意:学会批判性思考是当今孩子们在未来会需要的一项重要技能。

分析句子成分可知,主句的谓语是is,其前是主句主语,需用动名词短语作主语,故填Learning。

3-3 is考查主谓一致和时态。

句意:把不太重要的事留到明天通常是可以接受的。

句中动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式且描述一般事实,故应填is。

3-4 requires考查主谓一致和时态。

动名词短语作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式,且描述一般事实,故填requires。

3-5 worrying考查非谓语动词。

句意:如果你现在不努力工作,只是为未来担心是没有用的。

It is no use doing...做……是没用的。

3-6 waiting考查非谓语动词。

句意:在这种情况下,等待下去是在浪费时间。

It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。

知识点4
①主语②主语;宾语③及物;介词;宾语
4-1 to read考查非谓语动词。

句意:这似乎是一段永无止境的旅程,但即使是作为一个六岁的女孩,我也意识到知道如何阅读可以打开许多扇门。

分析结构可知,knowing how to read在that引导的宾语从句中作主语,此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构。

4-2 how考查固定结构。

句意:好消息是,我可以帮助我自己的孩子比我更早地学会如何在拥有更少的东西的情况下生活得更快乐。

分析结构可知,“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语。

4-3 how to make
4-4 where to have
4-5 I wonder who to turn to when I am in trouble
4-6 The question is when to hold the meeting
知识点5
①It is/was+被强调部分+that.
②Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分?
③特殊疑问词+is/was+ it + that+句子剩余部分?
5-1 that考查强调句。

分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,强调的是时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house,故本空应填that。

5-2 that考查强调句。

句意:就在我返回公寓时,我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。

分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,强调的是时间状语when I got back to my apartment,故本空应填that。

5-3 that考查强调句。

句意:巴赫死于1750年,但直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。

but后边为强调句,强调的是not until the early 19th century,故本空应填that。

5-4 that考查强调句。

句意:正是当我们返回家的时候,我意识到帮助了处于困境中的人的感觉是多么好。

分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,强调的是时间状语when we were returning home,故本空应填that。

5-5 (1)Is it at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists?(2)Where is it that the coach picks up tourists?。

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