牛津英语8B全册名校导学案(教师用)

8B Unit 1 导学案
Welcome to the unit
【背景知识】
Cars never takes the place of(取代)bicycles
Bicycles, as a means of transport, are indispensable companions(不可
取代的伴侣)of most
Chinese. Each Chinese family possesses (拥有)at least one bicycle. China is therefore call ed ―the
Bicycle Kingdom‖. The popularity(普及)of bicycles in China, I think, is mainly due to the economy of the country and its people. China, as
one of the developing countries, has no financial
potential(经济潜力) to expand its roads and to manufacture (生产)so many cars to satisfy
(满足) the need of so many Chinese.
Compared with cars, bicycles, however, have their own distinctive advantages(独特优势).
Firstly, they are very convenient(方便的). For their small size,
they do not need special parking space. They can be parked almost everywhere. For their light weight, they can be carried upstairs and downstairs. Secondly, driven by man power, they don‘t need fuel. Hence they have nothing to
do with air pollution and energy crisis. Finally, as China is still
a developing country, most people
can afford a bicycle rather than a car.
With so many advantages, bicycles will remain to be an important means of transport in
China in the many years to come. But I think with the rapid development of Chinese economy,
more and more Chinese will own a car though cars will never
completely substitute(取代)
bicycles in the future.
【自学探究】
一、预习P 6—P7，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。

1.过去和现在
2.与某人一起玩
3.不再
4.做个历史课题
5.在过去的一百年里
6.收集信息
7.不同形式的运输 8.画时间线
9.从……到…… 10.轻轨
二、完成P7，Parts A、B练习。

三、查找资料，了解更多的交通工具的英语名称。

1. _______________________________
2.
_______________________________ 3. _______________________________ 4.
_______________________________ 5. _______________________________ 6.
_______________________________ 7. _______________________________ 8.
_______________________________ 9. _______________________________ 10. _______________________________ 【教案】
教学内容 8B Unit 1 Welcome to the unit 课型新授课
教学目标 1 To introduce the present perfect tense generally.
2 To introduce the different forms of transport at different times
in Hong Kong.
教学重难点 1.To introduce the present perfect tense generally.
2 To introduce the different forms of transport at different times
in Hong Kong.
教学方法 task-centered approach
教具准备课件
教学步骤教师活动学生活动个性化补充
进行free talk 学生回答问题 Step 1: Free talk
1. What time is it? In the past, Hobo and Eddie were
2. Are you hungry? good friends. But now something
3. Would you like 学生合上书，听磁happens between them. Do you want
something to eat? 带，回答问题。

to know what‘s wrong with them?
4. Which is your Step 2: Presentation
favourite food? 导入分角色朗读并表演Read the dialogue, and find out the answ到Comic Strips的教对话。

ers to the following questions.
学。

1)What was in the bowl an hour ago?
帮助学生了解现在完 2) What did Eddie do?
成时态合上书，完成下面3) Why did he do that thing?
的小短文。

4) Why does Hobo think Eddie has 让学生合上书，听磁changed? 带，回答问题。

Explaining the new tense : 1) What was in the present perfect tense the bowl an hour Eg: 1) Have you seen my food? ago? (see—saw—seen) 2) What did Eddie 2)I‘ve (I have) eat en it. do? (eat—ate—eaten) 3) Why did he do 3) We have not seen him for a that thing? long time …… 4) Why does Hobo 4) How has he changed? think Eddie has cLet Ss read the dialogue in pairs. hanged? Step 3: Presentation 1. Show the pictures . Discuss them with 布置学生分角色朗读the Ss.: What‘s the use of it? 并表演对话。

Where do you usually see it? Is it a special one? Why? 合上书，让同学完成下 Which transport do you like best? 面的小短文，巩固、加2. Write the correct names under the pict 深对话内容的理解。

ures. Hobo‘s food ____ in Step 4: Practic e the _____ an hour ago.
Finish part B (Back to the past) & But it isn‘t there now. Complete the
timeline. Why? Eddie has just ______ it because he was ______. Hobo thinks Eddie has
______ and he is
_____ bad now. He
doesn‘t want to _____
with Eddie any _____.
出示图片，让学习交通
工具名称观察图片，学习交
通工具名称
1. 背诵本课的单词与词组
作业设计 2. 完成《导学案》上本课时的作业
3. 预习Reading，完成预习作业
8B Unit 1 Welcome to the unit
past and present an hour ago play with transport at different times 板书设计 over the past 100 years not...any more
see-saw-seen be(am,is,are)-was,were-been eat-ate-eaten change-changed-changed
现在完成时 have/has+过去分词
教学反思
【当堂巩固】
一、根据句意和首字母提示补全单词
1.The f____ leaves France at 10 o‘clock
2.I have been there many times in the p______ .
3.I‘m afraid I can‘t help you at p______.
4.If you miss the t______ ,there is another one hour later.
5.If there is no electricity,the t______cannot move.
6.The p______ is going to land(着陆).
二、用的适当形式填空
1 Welcome to my party. Just help ___________(you) to the food and drink.
2 He is really _________(interest) in Maths.
3 _________(luck), he passed the exam.
4 Don‘t you think life is ___________(good) than before.
5 It is __________(healthy) to eat too much fat food.
6 I think
it‘s ___________(possible) for a primary school to solve that junior high Maths problem.
7 It is ___________(polite) to ask a woman how old she is. 8 I
__________(like) football, but I like basketball very much. 9 We should not be ______________(honest)
10 He feels ___________(happy) because he has no friends. 三、动词的适当形式填空.
1._________he ever________(be) to Beijing?
2.His father________________(teach)at this school since ten years ago.
3. They lived in the country when they got_____________(marry).
4. He was late and____________(miss) the last train.
5. Some day, you___________(feel) sorry for this thing.
6. I have never ___________(visit) Hongkong before.
7. Don‘t forget ___________(post) the letter for me.
8. We‘d better ______________(try) our be st to study.
9. We used to _______________(swim) every day when we were children.
10. I _____________(know) the man for many years.
Reading
【背景知识】
History of Beijing
Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. Back in 3000 years ago in Zhou dynasty, Beijing, which was called Ji at the moment, had been named capital of Yan. Thereafter, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing
dynasty all made Beijing their capital. Therefore, Beijing was famous
for "Capital of a thousand years". The long history leaves Beijing precious cultural treasure. Winding for several kilometers in Beijing area, the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chinese ancient constructions. The four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the best representatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of
Beijing's life. Tian'anmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of Beijing. As Beijing has been confirmed home city of Olympics 2008, the spirit of "green Olympics, scientific Olympics and humanized Olympic" will surely bring more and more changes to Beijing, promote the development of sports and Olympics in China as well as in the world, and strengthen the friendly communications between Chinese and foreign people.
值得一记的北京名胜的英文名称
华表Ornamental Pillars 人民英雄纪念碑The Monument to the People's Heroes
毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 人民大会堂The Great Hall of the People
乾清宫The Palace of Heavenly Purity 坤宁宫The Palace of Earthly Tranquility
御花园The Imperial Garden 九龙壁The Nine Dragon Screen 回音壁Echo Wall
祈年殿The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 颐和园The Summer Palace 佛香阁The Tower of Buddhist Incense 十七孔桥The 17-Arch Bridge 谐趣园The Garden of Harmonious Interests 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 北海公园: Beihai Park 故宫博物院: the Palace Museum
革命历史博物馆: The Museum of Revolutionary History 天安门广场: Tian‘anmen Square
保和殿: the Hall of Preserving Harmony 中和殿: the Hall of Central Harmony
午门: the Meridian Gate 乾清宫: Palace of Heavenly Purity
紫金山天文台: Purple and Gold Hills Observation 紫禁城: the
Forbidden City
御花园: Imperial Garden 颐和园: Summer Palace天坛: Temple of Heaven 少年宫: the Children‘s Palace 烽火台: the Beacon Tower
人民大会堂: the Great Hall of the People 清东陵: Easten Royal Toms
of the Qing Dynasty
民族文化宫: the Cultural Palace for Nationalities 护城河: the Moat 劳动人民文化宫:Worker People‘s Cultural Palace 北京工人体育
馆:Beijing Workers‘ Stadium
故宫 The Palace Museum 天坛 The Temple of Heaven长城: the Great Wall 八达岭长城 The Great Wall at Badaling 居庸关长城 The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass
慕田峪长城 The Great Wall at Mutianyu 司马台长城 The Great Wall at Simatai)
明十三陵 The Ming Tombs 北海公园 Beihai Park雍和宫 Yonghegong Larmasery
白云观 The White Cloud Taoist Temple 北京孔庙 Beijing Confucius Temple
国子监 The Imperial College 圆明园 The Ruins of Yuanmingyuan 周口店
北京猿人遗址 Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian 世界公园 Beijing World Park 中华民族园 Chinese Ethnic Culture Park 中华世纪坛 China Century Altar 【自学探究】
一、预习P8—P11，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。

1.从那时起
2. 在……的南部
3.在市中心
4.改变许多
5.变为
6.一个很严重的问题
7.在某些方面 8.像以前一样经常
9.有时;不时地 10.对……采取行动二、完成课本P10—P11， Parts B、C、D
练习。

三、单词拼写
1. The ______________ of goods by air is very expensive. (运输)
2. Most of the _____________ (wife) do housework at home.
3. I felt very ______________ (please) when I met my old friend.
4. The little girl lost her toy bear, so she cried ___________. (sad)
5. We lived together until 1997 when I got ___________. (marry)
6. ____________ (pollute) was a big problem in this city ten years ago.
7. He lost his wallet. He was _____________. (luck)
【教案】
教学内容 8B Unit 1 Reading 课型新授课
教学目标 1 To grasp some useful expressions
2 To retell the main idea of the text
教学重难点 To understand the use of some words through the exercises.
教学方法 Task-centered approach
教具准备课件
教学步骤教师活动学生活动个性化补充 Step 1 Free talk . free talk，Where is your hometown? 1) Where is your 学生回答free talkHas it
changed a lot? hometown? 的问题，
Can you tell us something about the 2) Has it changed
a lot? changes to your hometown?
3) Can you tell us As you know, I am a teacher now.
something about But five years ago, I was a teacher,
the changes to too. So I have worked here for 3
your hometown? years. I think our school changed a
导入reading部分内 lot..Do you think so? Everything has
容。

changed a lot?
学生快速阅读Step2: Presentation.
安排学生快速阅读reading部分，回答Have you been to Beijing? Now,
look
reading 部分问题; at some pictures of it. Witness great
1.回答下面的问题 changes to it over 100 years. Show
What‘s the main
idea of the passage? 学生找出陌生的单pictures .
2.让学生找出陌生的词，听老师讲解 Step 3 Reading A
单词，教师讲解，带 1.Would you like to listen to Mr
读生词并完成P10 B Chen, Daniel‘s grandpa? Play the
部分的练习。

tape for Ss 2 times. Answer the
following questions.
深度阅读，并回答下深度阅读，并回答How long has Mr Chen known
列问题下列问题 Sunshine Town?
1.When did Mr. Did Mr Chen live there all the time?
Chen‘s family move to Why?
Sunshine Town? Does Mr Chen think the place
2. Where did Mr. Chen changed a lot?
live before 1965? What are the differences between the 3. How many people past and present? lived in the Sunshine 2.Check the answers if they can not Town in the past? answer. 4. Why did Mr. Chen 3.Explain some difficult points. move last year? in fact. 实际上I thought this answer wa
5. Were there any s right. In fact ,it‘s wrong.
live together/there 一起生活 live on tshops in the Sunshine he fifth floor Town in the past? get married to sb = marry sb . 与某人6. What
did people say 结婚。

about the shoe e.g.: Tom got married to Mary last year
factory? =Tom married Mary last year.
They got married last year. 7. Does Mr. Chen until 直到…
not …until 直到…才 think life is better e.g. : He did his homework
until 7 now? Why? o‘clock yesterday eve ning.
听录音跟读课文He didn‘t do his homework until
7 o‘clock yesterday evening. 安排学生听录音跟读 change a lot 课文change v. 改变Our city has changed a 学生完成part lot .
布置学生完成part B,C,D的练习，并检change n. 变化，零钱Great
changes ha
ve taken place in our city . B,C,D的练习，并检查答案 ( the changes
to Sunshine Town , the 查答案answer to…, the key to…the entrance to…) turn…into…把…变成… turn into变成
4.Ask Ss to read in pairs and try to act
it out.
Step4: Practice.
1.Do the exercise on page 10 B
Match the words on the left with the
meanings on the right.
2. Finish off the exercises of partC1,2
on P10-11.(T/F).Correct the
sentences.
Step 5 Finish Part D on page 11
1(背诵本课的单词与词组作业设计 2(完成《导学案》上本课时的作业
8B Unit 1 Reading
Times have changed
板书设计 since then over the years in some ways from time to time move house get married in the center of town
turn ...into... reduce the pollution feel a bit lonely
教学反思
【当堂巩固】
一、根据中文提示完成句子
1.Let‘s make a plan to stop the noise__________(污染)
2.______________(不幸地是), his leg was badly hurt last Sunday.
3.The plane landed _________(安全地)last night.
4.We decided to make an ____________(采访) with our principal.
5.There are many_________(新鲜的)ftuits in the fridge.
6.The city is famous for the big_____________(塔)
二、适当形式填空.
1. I ______________ (know) Tom for two years.
2. She ___________ (work) in a food shop in the past.
3. Noise pollution was a problem before__________ (close) of the old airport.
4. It‘s nice ____________ (play) Chinese chess with her.
5. The plane landed ______________ (safe). 三、翻译句子
1(Mike和Mary下个月结婚。

_________________________________________________________________ 2(自从我12 岁时，就认识Amy的母亲。

_________________________________________________________________ 3(这个地方已改变了许多。

_________________________________________________________________ 4(我和姐姐住在同一街区。

_________________________________________________________________
Vocabulary 【自学探究】
一、预习P12，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。

1.会见某人
2. 在这儿小住一段时间
3. 为……感到高兴
4. 见证阳光镇的变化
5. 搬迁到公园附近
6. 想念他的老朋友
7. 看起来很健康 8. 告诉我他的未来计划
二、完成课本P12上的练习。

三、写出反义词
first--- love---
noisy--- day---
beginning--- rich--- interesting--- short---
【教案】
教学内容 8BUnit 1 Vocabulary 课型新授课教学目标 To know some opposites.
To master the prefix which makes the word has the opposite meaning. 教学重难点 To learn to use the right adjectives in a certain context.
教学方法 Task-centered approach
教具准备课件
教学步骤教师活动学生活动个性化补充
Step1 Revision 安排学生回答问题学生回答问题复习 1 Questions about Reading: 复习Reading Reading
(1) How long has Mr Chen lived in
Sunshine Town?
(2) When did he move house? 让学生在笔记本上学生在笔记本上造(3) What did people have in the town in the 造句，请3-4人在黑句，请3-4人在黑板past? 板上写，教师进行上写，教师进行点(4) What has the centre of town become? 点评，帮助学生复评，帮助学生复习(5) Can you say something about the 习学生学过的反义学生学过的反义pollution of Sunshine River? 词。

(所写的句子中词。

2 Discussion: 必须要出现一到两
Do you think people‘s lives are better now? 对反义词或反义词
Why do you think so? 组。

)
Step 2 Presentation 例:My book is new,
1 Sunshine Town has changed into a new yours is old.
place. In the past, it was difficult for people Turn on the radio to travel because there were not many and turn off the TV,
kinds of transport. Now it is easy to go there will be some
from one place to another. However, Mr important news. Chen is not very happy. Sometimes he feels sad because he cannot see his old 进一步复习和巩固学生进行强答小竞friends very often. Many of them have 学生对反义词的掌赛，完成下面词的moved to other areas. 握，进行小竞赛，反义词。

2 Get the Ss to find out some opposites: 让学生进行强答，old—new, difficult—easy, happy—sad 完成下面词的反义 Step 3 Opposites 词。

1 Ask the Ss to read the form on P12 and Cheap easy fast check if they all understand. If not, explain. good happy 2 Ask the Ss
to find out some rules. High hot new same 3 Find out the prefixes: im-, in-, un-, dis-. long Step 4 Practice Complete correct
healthy honest kind
Like lucky pleasant
polite possible
学生总结出P12表
让学生总结出P12格中形容词反义词
表格中形容词反义的规律
词的规律，教师进
行小结:指出形容教师小结:形容词
词反义词的前缀反义词的前缀im-;
im-; in-; un-; dis- in-; un-; dis-
背诵本课的单词与词组作业设计完成《导学案》上本课时的作业
un- comfortable friendly able popular welcome fit tidy clear safe dis- appear
in- infamous 板书设计 ir- regular
-less helpful---helpless useful---useless careful---careless
教学反思
【当堂巩固】
一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1) Simon is an_______ (honest) boy, we don‘t want to play with him.
2) Jack can‘t pass the exam, he felt_______ (happy) for that.
3) Oh, I‘m very_______ (lucky). The bus just left one minute ago.
4) It‘s _______ (polite) for us to speak loudly to the old.
5) Bob, you are _______ (kind) to me. You never help with my housework now.
二、单项选择
( )1.The price of this MP3 is so ___ , I won‘t t ake it.
A. expensive
B. low
C. large
D. high ( )2. The climate(气候) in Kunming is____ . You‘ll feel comfortable all over the year.
A. uncomfortable
B. cold
C. pleasant
D. hot ( )3. The school life in China is____ from that in Britain.
A. same
B. difficult
C. different
D. simple ( )4. The passage is____ for us to read. There aren‘t any____ words in it.
A. difficult; new
B. easy; new
C. difficult; difficult
D. easy; easy
( )5. We got to the cinema late because of the _____traffic.
A. light
B. large
C. heavy
D. big ( )6. To my disappointment(失望), the swimming pool was ____ for the whole time during our stay.
A. closed
B. open
C. busy
D. clean
三、用动词的适当形式填空.
1.I heard the earth _________(be) round.
2.I often helped my mother _________(do) the cooking.
3.There ________(be) a class meeting tomorrow afternoon.
4.__________we________(go) out for a walk?
5.Miss Wang __________(teach)us English last year.
6.Mr Hu ____________(teach) us English since 5years ago.
7.---Where is Tom? ---He___________(go) to the library.
8._________you _______(see)any films recently?
9. I __________________(learn) a lot about English since I came to this school.
Grammar(A)
【自学探究】
一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词，同时也要熟记。

1、teach _______ ________
2、bring _______ ________
3、get _______ ________
4、know _______ ________
5、grow_______ ________
6、find_______
________
7、hold _______ ________ 8、show_______ ________ 9、keep_______
________
10、leave_______ ________ 11、lose_______ ________ 12、run_______ ________
13、swim_______ ________ 14、drive_______ _____ 15、begin_____
______
二、完成课本P14、15练习。

(partA1&partA2)
三、尝试着阅读下面的知识链接，看看是否可以理解。

【知识链接】
现在完成时的“完成用法”
一、现在完成时的结构: 助动词 have / has + 动词的过去分词 ( Past Participle )
其中 have / has 为助动词,因而它的否定和疑问句形式全部由 have / has 进行变化。

例如: a. He has already finished his homework. 他已经做完了家庭作业。

否定句:____________________________________________________
( already 用于肯定句中, 改成否定和疑问句时用 yet ，一般放句末) 一般疑问句:________________________________________________?
b. His father has been to Beijing three times. 他父亲去过北京三次了。

否定句:____________________________________________________.
一般疑问句:________________________________________________?
提问:______________________________________________________? 二、现在完成时的"完成用法"
A、定义:现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动
作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如:He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。

( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

)
B、特点:现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的
过去时间状语(如:already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never，
ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning , month , year...，today等)连用。

例如: Have you found your pen yet, 你已找到你的钢笔了吗,
请尝试着做以下的练习
用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I __________ (see) it last week.
2. ----- _______ he _________(finish) his work today ? ------Not
yet .
3. -----_______you _________(be) to Hong Kong ? ----Yes, I
_______________ (be) there twice .
4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? ----No, never.
5. My father _______ just __________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
【教案】
课题 8B Unit 1 Grammar (A) 课型新授课
1.To know the present perfect tense.
2.To master the structure of the PPT. 教学目标
3.To learn the differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
重难点分To know the differences between the simple past tense and
the present perfect tense.
析
学生已经掌握了一般过去时和过去进行时这两种描述过去情况的时态，对于现学情分析在完成时的学习有一部分学生误以为它仅局限于过去，因此容易和一般过去时
混淆，在教学过程中需要巧妙地点拨。

教学方法情景教学法,归纳法.
教具准备课件
教学步骤教师活动学生活动个性化补充
Show the students Using what they Step1 Revision
these questions and have learnt 1 Questions about Reading:
ask them answer before and try to (1) How long has Mr. Chen lived in them. answer these Sunshine Town? (He has lived in
questions. Sunshine Town since he moved there
with his family when he was two years
old.)
(2) When did Mr. Chen get married?(in
1965)
(3) There have been many changes in
this town. What has the centre of town
become?(It has become a park. )
(4) How does Mr. Chen feel from time to time?(He feels a bit lonely) Step 2 Presentation 1.present these two answers: (1)He has lived in Sunshine Town since he moved there with his family when he was two years old. (2)It has become into a park. Ask the students 2.Ask the Ss some questions and pay pay attention to attention to their answers: these answers and (1) How long have you lived in this answer some more They discuss town? questions. They can these questions (2) How long have you studied in this discuss them with with their school? their partners first. partners.
(3) How long have you studied English?
(4) What have studied these days?
(5) Where have you been recently?
3 Remind the Ss of the differences
between the simple past tense and the
PPT. and discuss how to form present
perfect tense.
Step 3 Present perfect tense
Let them discuss 1. We use the simple past tense to talk
how to form present They work in about what happened at a definite time
perfect tense and groups and in the past.
then show their show their We use the present perfect tense to
answers. answers at last. talk about things that started in the past and still have some connection with the
Ask them to show present.
their answers, 2. How the PPT. formed.
group by group. (statements,negative statements, ask and
Show two pictures answer questions)
to explain the 3.How to form Vp.p. and more
differences between examples of regular and irregular verbs. them. Step 4 practice
Shoe their
Write the structure answers. 1. Practice the dialogue on P15 of present perfect 2. Finish the exercise.
tense:
have/has + V p.p.
check the answers
and ask them to
practice the
Practice in dialogue.
pairs
Check the answers.
Act the dialogue
out.
review the
structure of
present perfect
tense.
4. 背诵本课的单词与词组
作业设计 5. 完成《同步导学》上本课时的作业
3. 复习巩固现在完成时的用法
8B Unit1 Grammar(A)
(1)He has lived in Sunshine (1) have/has + V p.p.
板书设计 Town since he moved there with (2)have/has+not+Vp.p.
his family when he was two years
old.
(3)Have/Has sb.+Vp.p. ?
Yes,… have/has.
No, … haven’t. /hasn’t .
(2)It has become into a park.
教学反思
【当堂巩固】
一、选择填空
1. I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying
B. study
C. studied
D. have studied 2. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won‘t go, saw
B. won‘t go, will see
C. won‘t go, has seen
D. didn‘t go, sees
3. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago
A. bought
B. bought
C. bought
D. has bought 4. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.
A.. finishes
B. has finished
C. finish
D. is finishing 5. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.
A. will; buy
B. did; buy
C. are; having
D. have; had 二、词汇运用
1. Peter ___________ (go) to the library just now.
2. How long
________ you ___________ (learn) English? For three years. 3. I am afraid you ___________ (forget) the important letter, haven‘t you?
4. My father _______________(not come) back yet. My mother and I are worried about him.
5.Do you know how long it ______________(be) in service? 三、完成句子
1. 你乘过飞机旅行吗,
_____________________________________________________. 2. 在过去的几年中，我们城市有了很大的变化。

_____________________________________________________ 3. 我也有同样的感觉。

_____________________________________________________ 4.我喜欢下课后和别的朋友们聊天。

_____________________________________________________ 5(他最近收到他父母的信了吗,
_____________________________________________________
Grammar(B)
【自学探究】
一、预习P16/17，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。

查字典，写出下列单词的意思,并且熟记他们。

1、already _____________
2、yet ________________
3、just ___________________
4、ever _________________
5、never _____________
6、before _________________ 二、完成课本P17练习。

三、尝试着阅读下面的知识链接，看看是否可以理解。

【知识链接】
现在完成时的"未完成用法"
1、定义:现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现
在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如:He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。

(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。

)
2、特点:此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与
现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now，so far到目前为止)等。

例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意:(1) 现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，
即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。

如:come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

(2 ) 现在完成时常见两种句型:
? 主语，have / has been，for 短语/ since 短语
? It is，一段时间， since 从句
例如: He has been in the League for three years.
= It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。

请尝试着做以下的练习
1. I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.
2. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.
3. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.
4. She____________ (not read) this book before.
5. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before? 3.a. for 和表示一段时间的词组连用。

eg. for six hours/nine days/ two weeks/thirty years b. since 和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用，这是介词。

eg. since nine o‘clock this morning / last summer/ three weeks
ago/September
since 还可以引导时间状语从句，表示―自从…..以来‖，这是连词。

eg. 自从他出生以来，他就住在这儿。

He has lived here since he was born.
______ three months ______ two weeks ago, _______ 1998, ______last Sunday
4、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性
动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。

如:learn,
work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动
作发生后立即结束。

如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move,
borrow, buy等。

5、延续性动词的用法特征
a. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

表示"
段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long
等。

如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

b. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如:It raind at eight yesterday
morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。

如果用延
续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。

上句
可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.
-Then you‘ve known each other for more than two years. -That‘s right.
6、终止性动词的用法特征
a. 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗,
b. 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。

因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连
用(只限肯定式)。

如:
(1) 他死了三年了。

误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他来这儿五天了。

误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

那么，应如
何正确表达呢,可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方
式。

下面列举几例:leave?be away from, borrow?keep, buy?have,
begin/start?be
on, die?be dead, move to?live in, finish?be over, join?be in/be a member of,
open sth.?keep sth. open, fall ill?be ill, get up?be up, catch a cold?have a cold。

(2) 将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二
种正确表达方式。

(3) 用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4) 用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3. 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段
时间的状语连用。

如: He hasn‘t left here since 1986. I haven‘t heard from my father
for two weeks.
4. 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词
+until/till ..."的句型，意为
"直到……才……"。

如:You can‘t leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。