专题七：时态和语态【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题限时练(解析版)

时态和语态限时练
一、单项选择
1.(2019江苏,22)The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last three months.
A.gives
B.has given
C.have given
D.give
答案 B 句意:在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐队成员已经进行了十场演出。

考查动词时态和主谓一致。

along with连接两个并列结构作主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致,故排除C项和D项。

根据时间状语in the last three months可知,谓语动词应该用现在完成时。

2.(2019江苏,29)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith in love with the people and culture there.
A.would fall
B.had fallen
C.has fallen
D.fell
答案 D 句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。

考查动词时态。

根据时间状语A few months after he had arrived in China可知,谓语动词应该为一般过去时态,故D项正确。

3.(2018北京,4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working
B.was working
C.has worked
D.had worked
答案 B 句意:我去年看望Susan的时候,她已经辞去了高薪的工作,正在社区做志愿者。

本题考查动词的时态。

从题干when引导的时间状语从句可知整句话描述的都是过去发生的事情,辞去工作发生在做志愿者之前,用过去完成时表示,看望Susan的时候她正在从事志愿者服务工作,应用过去进行时表示。

故选B。

4.(2018北京,7)China s high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A.are growing
B.have grown
C.will grow
D.had grown
答案 B 句意:在过去几年里,中国高铁已经从9,000公里发展到了25,000公里。

本题考查动词的时态。

根据题干中的时间状语in the past few years可知,句中谓语动词的时态为现在完成时,故选B。

5.(2018江苏,31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A.have developed
B.had developed
C.will have developed
D.developed
答案 C 句意:在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了,因为到那时我们就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。

考查动词时态。

根据语境和时间状语in 2025,by then可知,此处表达“说话者认为在将来某个时间已经完成某事了”,所以要用将来完成时,故答案为C项。

6.(2018江苏,30)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan in the past two years.
A.had been carried out
B.would be carried out
C.is being carried out
D.has been carried out
答案 A 句意:上个月我被派到这个村子来看看在过去的两年发展计划的实施情况。

考查动词的时态。

设空处表示的动作应该发生在主句谓语动词was sent之前,属于“过去的过去”,
所以要用过去完成时,故答案为A项。

7.(2017天津夏,6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A.regard
B.is regarded
C.are regarded
D.regards
答案 B
8.(2017天津夏,8)I down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A.was driving
B.have driven
C.would drive
D.drove
答案 A
9.(2017天津夏,2)My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A.daren't
B.shouldn't
C.needn't
D.mustn't
答案 C
10.(2017天津春,1)The number of firms selling computers in this region since January 2012.
A.are dropping
B.is dropping
C.have dropped
D.has dropped
答案 D
11.(2017天津春,4)One night, at about midnight, I the sky for about an hour. The stars were shining like diamonds.
A.have watched
B.had watched
C.watch
D.watched
答案 D
12.(2017天津春,8)Someone the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A.could leave
B.must have left
C.might leave
D.should have left
答案B
13.(2017北京,24)—that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes.They are happy with it.
A.Did you call
B.Have you called
C.Will you call
D.Were you calling
答案 A 句意:——你昨天给那个公司打电话了解他们对我们的产品的看法了吗?——是的,他们很满意。

本题考查动词的时态。

根据题干中明确的时间状语yesterday可以判断出设空处应用一般过去时,故选择A项。

14.(2017北京,33)People better access to health care than they used to, and they re living longer as a result.
A.will have
B.have
C.had
D.had had
答案 B 句意:相比以前,人们(现在)能得到更好的医疗保健,因此他们的寿命更长了。

本题考查动词的时态。

根据题干中的than they used to可知,句中在比较过去和现在的医疗状
况,所以设空处应用一般现在时,故选择B项。

15.(2017江苏,31)He s been informed that he for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A.hasn t qualified
B.hadn t qualified
C.doesn t qualify
D.wasn t qualifying
答案 C 句意:他被告知由于他的学术背景,他没有资格获得奖学金。

本题考查动词的时态。

根据语境可知,题干中所说的是“他”的自身条件,所以用一般现在时表达。

16.(2016天津,3)When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I for years.
A.didn t see
B.haven t seen
C.hadn t seen
D.wouldn t see
答案 C 句意:在大街上走的时候,我遇到了戴维。

我有好多年没见到他了。

考查时态。

“没见到”发生在“came across”之前,符合过去完成时的用法。

故选C项。

17.(2016北京,21)Jack in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works
B.has worked
C.was working
D.would work
答案 C 句意:停电时,Jack正在实验室工作。

考查动词的时态。

根据题干中when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词occurred可知语境为过去。

设空处表示停电时正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时,故选择C项。

18.(2016北京,23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We here for more than two hours.
A.waited
B.wait
C.would be waiting
D.have been waiting
答案 D 句意:——请问,你们在等哪部电影?——新上映的《星球大战》。

我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。

本题考查动词的时态。

设空处表示该动作从两个多小时前一直持续到说话时,而且可能持续下去,因此用现在完成进行时合适,故选择D项。

19.(2016北京,25)I half of the English novel, and I ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A.read
B.have read
C.am reading
D.will read
答案 B 句意:这本英文小说我已经读了一半了,我将尽力在周末把它读完。

本题考查动词的时态。

根据语境可知,此处表示“看了一半了,还没看完”,因此用现在完成时,故选择B项。

20.(2016浙江,9)Silk one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A.had become
B.was becoming
C.has become
D.is becoming
答案 A 句意:到大约公元前100年丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路交易的主要货物之一。

考查时态。

根据句中的时间状语by about 100 BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。

21.(2016江苏,22)More efforts,as reported, in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A.are made
B.will be made
C.are being made
D.have been made
答案 B 句意:据报道,为了加快供给侧结构性改革,在今后几年将做出更大的努力。

考查动词时态。

根据in the years ahead并结合句意可知,动作发生在将来,故用一般将来时态。

22.(2016江苏,29)Dashan,who crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning
B.is learning
C.had been learning
D.has been learning
答案 D 句意:大山学习相声这一中国传统喜剧形式已经几十年了。

他想把它与西方的单口相声传统结合起来。

考查动词时态。

根据句意以及for decades可知,学习这一动作从过去一直延续到了现在,并且现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时态。

A项为将来进行时态,表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作;B项为现在进行时态,表示现在正在发生的动作;C项为过去完成进行时态,表示动作持续到过去某一时刻。

23.(2015天津,6)Jane can t attend the meeting at 3 o clock this afternoon because she a class at that time.
A.will teach
B.would teach
C.has taught
D.will be teaching
答案 D 句意:简不能参加今天下午3点的会议,因为那时她将正在给学生上课。

考查动词时态。

根据语境和时间状语at 3 o clock this afternoon可知,设空处动作应该是“将来某个时间正在发生的动作”,所以要用将来进行时,答案为D项。

24.(2015北京,26)In the last few years,China great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made
B.had made
C.was making
D.is making
答案 A 句意:在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。

本题考查动词的时态。

根据时间状语In the last few years可知用现在完成时,故选A项。

25.(2015北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann s house?
—Not really.She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A.was to give
B.had given
C.was giving
D.would give
答案 B 句意:——你们找到Ann的家有困难吗?——没什么困难。

她给了我们清晰的指示,我们很容易就找到她家了。

本题考查动词时态。

动词give 的动作发生在“were able to find”之前,符合过去完成时表示“过去的过去”的用法。

故选B项。

26.(2015北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I him later.
A.will call
B.have called
C.call
D.will be calling
答案 A 句意:——杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。

——好的。

我稍后给他打电话。

本题考查动词时态。

根据对话中的later一词可知用一般将来时。

27.(2015重庆,1)—Is Peter coming?
—No,he his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A.changes
B.changed
C.was changing
D.had changed
答案 B 句意:——彼得要来吗?——不来了。

在最后时刻接了一个电话后他改变了主意。

考查动词时态。

根据语境可知“改变主意”应该发生在对话前的某一时间,要用一般过去时。

28.(2015重庆,13)In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat cut.
A.will have been
B.will be
C.was
D.has been
答案 D 句意:在我的家乡,在所有的小麦都收割完毕后,农民们都会举办一个丰收的晚宴。

考查动词时态。

根据句意可知本句介绍的是一种现在的当地习俗,故需用现在时,而四个选项中只有D项为现在时,故为答案。

29.(2015浙江,8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A.has been
B.had been
C.was going to be
D.was
答案 C 句意:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦出生于1879年。

在他小时候,很少有人会猜到他会成为一位用其理论改变全世界的著名科学家。

本题考查动词时态。

根据语境可知此处要用过去将来时,故选C。

30.(2015江苏,30)The real reason why prices,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A.were
B.will be
C.have been
D.had been
答案 A 句意:物价过去是,现在仍然是那么高的真正原因是复杂的,短短的讨论不可能对此问题作出令人满意的解释。

本题考查动词时态。

根据题目中“and still are(现在仍然是)”可知过去也是一样的情形,故用were。

31.(2015陕西,22)Marty really hard on his book and he thinks he ll have finished it by Friday.
A.worked
B.has been working
C.had worked
D.has worked
答案 B 句意:Marty一直在很努力地写他的这本书,他觉得周五前就可以完成了。

本题考查时态。

根据语境可知这里应用现在完成进行时,故选B项。

32.(2015陕西,24)At college,Barack Obama didn t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.
A.was to become
B.becomes
C.is to become
D.became
答案 A 句意:在读大学的时候,Barack Obama不知道他会成为美国第一个黑人总统。

本题考查动词时态。

根据语境可知,这里用过去将来时,故选A项。

33.(2015湖南,22)As you go through this book,you that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱhad a different experience.
A.will find
B.found
C.had found
D.have found
答案 A 句意:当你读这本书时,你就会发现数百万从第二次世界大战中活过来的每一个人的经历都不同。

本题考查时态。

as引导的时间状语从句为一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时。

故选A 项。

34.(2015湖南,25)I wasn t able to hide my eagerness when I ,“What do you wish me to do now?”
A.ask
B.have asked
C.am asking
D.asked
答案 D 句意:当我问:“你现在想要我做什么?”的时候,我掩饰不住内心的渴望之情。

本题考查时态。

根据题干中wasn t可知此处为一般过去时态,故选D 项。

35.(2015福建,30)—Where is Peter?I can t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.
A.wrote
B.had written
C.has been writing
D.is writing
答案 C 句意:——彼得在哪里?我到处都找不到他。

——他在早饭后去了图书馆,从那时起一直在那里写论文。

本题考查动词时态。

根据时间状语ever since可知设空处应该用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且还在进行,故答案为C项。

36.(2019江苏,33)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A.will install
B.will have been installed
C.are installed
D.have been installed
答案 B 句意:他们正在努力确保到2022年的时候为北京冬奥会安装5G终端。

考查动词时态和语态。

根据时间状语by 2022可知谓语动词应该用将来完成时,5G terminals与install之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。

37.(2018北京,9)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who in the mountains for two days.
A.are trapping
B.have been trapped
C.were trapping
D.had been trapped
答案 D 句意:一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。

本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据主句的谓语动词risked可知事情发生在过去,而“被困”发生在risked之前,故用过去完成时。

定语从句的先行词是two tourists,与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。

38.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones yet.
A.haven t invented
B.haven t been invented
C.hadn t invented
D.hadn t been invented
答案 D 句意:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家中只有一部电话,而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。

本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据题干可知,“无线电话”和“发明”之间为被动关系,故排除A项和C项。

题干中的时间为“In the 1950s”,因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态,故选择D项。

39.(2017江苏,27)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he .
A.was being followed
B.was following
C.had been followed
D.followed
答案 A 句意:他匆忙往家赶,从未回头看看是否有人跟着他。

本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据句意可知,设空处是被动语态,因此排除B项和D项。

从题干中的hurried可知语境为过去。

C项是过去完成时,表示跟踪这个动作发生在往家赶之前,与语境不符,因此选择A项,表示当时正在被跟踪。

40.(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts with success in the end.
A.rewarded
B.were rewarded
C.will reward
D.will be rewarded
答案 D 句意:学生们一直都很努力学习功课,最终回报他们的努力的将是成功。

考查动词的时态和语态。

their efforts与reward之间为被动关系,and前的分句为现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并且还可能持续下去,结合后一分句中的in the end可
知应用一般将来时的被动语态。

41.(2015北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We well by our hosts.
A.were treated
B.would be treated
C.treated
D.had treated
答案 A 句意:——你们在聚会上玩得开心吗?——开心,我们被主人们招待得很好。

本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去,且主语we与动词treat之间为被动关系,故选A项。

42.(2015安徽,29)It is reported that a space station on the moon in years to come.
A.will be building
B.will be built
C.has been building
D.has been built
答案 B 句意:据报道,一个太空站在未来几年将会在月球上被建立。

本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据时间状语in years to come及space station和build之间为被动关系可知,这里用一般将来时态的被动语态,故选B项。

43.(2015福建,26)To my delight,I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A.was chosen
B.was being chosen
C.would choose
D.had chosen
答案 A 句意:使我高兴的是,在数以百计的申请者中,我被选出来参加开幕式。

本题考查时态和语态。

主语I与choose为被动关系,设空处需用被动语态,故排除C、D两项;本题介绍的是过去的一种情况,故用一般过去时态。

44.(2015湖南,32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,but thankfully by the shop window.
A.am held back
B.held back
C.hold back
D.was held back
答案 D 句意:我有一种强烈的愿望想要把手伸进去玩那个玩具,但是幸好被商店橱窗阻隔了。

本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据语境可知此处为一般过去时态的被动语态,故选D 项。

二、单句语法填空
1.（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise）to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】have promised
【解析】考查时态。

句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。

根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。

2.（2021年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
【答案】has proved
【解析】考查动词。

句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。

分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the
public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。

故填has proved/ has proven。

3.（2021年北京卷）There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
【答案】has been
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。

根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。

故填has been。

4.（2019新课标I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
【答案】has reported
【解析】考查时态。

根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。

5.（2019新课标II卷）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _________（make）over the years.
【答案】have made
【解析】考查动词时态。

根据该定于从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。

故填have made。

6.（2018新课标II卷）Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。

since 2011 是现在完成时标志，故答案为has grown。

7.（2018浙江卷）While regularly eating out seems to ________(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查动词时态。

根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to 后用动词原形，故填have become。

8.【2022·新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。

设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。

故填were。

9.【2022·全国高考乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony.
【解析】考查时态。

句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。

陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。

故填addressed。

10.（2021新课标I卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】句意为：你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难,根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为it,故填was.
11.（2021新课标II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.【答案】was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。

根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。

12.（2021全国甲卷）We ____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查时态。

句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。

分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。

故填hired。

13.（2021年浙江卷）Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查被动语态。

句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。

分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。

结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。

故填was painted。

14.（2021年浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ___________ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。

句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。

分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。

故填sold。

15.（2021年浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____41____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。

句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。

分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。

16.（2020新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—__________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【解析】考查时态。

句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。

此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。

17.（2020新课标III卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。

根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。

故填pointed。

18.（2020山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. 【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。

此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。

故填formed。

19.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals___ ___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 【答案】lived/had lived/had been living
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。

句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。

设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。

设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。

故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。

故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。

20.（2020浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food ______(need). 【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。

句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。

分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。

同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。

故此处应用过去时的被动语态。

food为不可数名词。

故填was needed。

21.（2020浙江卷）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。

句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。

分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。

文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。

逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。

所以此处填过去时的主动形式。

故填meant。

22.（2020浙江卷1月）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。

结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。

故填was。

23.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene ________（declare）she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。

根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。

24.（2019新课标III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。

句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。

“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。

故填recommended
25.（2019新课标III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 【答案】were invited
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。

由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。

根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。

主语为we，故填were invited。

26.（2019浙江卷）When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。

or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。

故填cycling。

27.（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students’grades ______(improve)
a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。

句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。

本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去时，主句用一般过去式。

故填improved。

28.（2019北京卷）On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ______(voice) my biggest concern to my mother.
【答案】voiced
【解析】考查时态。

句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice 是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。

叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。

故填voiced。

29.（2019北京卷）Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.
【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested
【解析】考查时态。

句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。

这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。

30.（2018新课标II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.。