译林高二上译林选修六Unit3重点词汇讲解和练习(含答案)

重点词汇解说
本单元重点词汇解说：
1.and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage. (p34)
ensure (ensured, ensured, ensuring)
①保证；担保[+that][+v-ing]: To make sure or certain; insure
ensure success [safety, supplies]保证成功[安全，供应]
1) I can't ensure his being on time.我不能够保证他的准时。

2) I can't ensure that he will be there on time.我不能够担保他会及时到那处。

3) This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.这药将保证你一晚睡眠优异。

②使安全，保护[(+from/against)]
These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.
这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故。

2.And everyone congratulated t he new couple because it was considered very lucky. (p34)
①庆祝；恭贺[(+on/upon)]
1)I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我庆祝你的伟大发现。

2)I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地庆祝你。

②( 后接 oneself) 自我有幸 [(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他有幸自己在空难中幸免于死。

3. Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks,tea and coffee,alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact, alcohol is altogether
prohibited in Brunei. (p34)
permit ( permitted, permitted, permitting)
⑴及物动词vt.
①赞同，赞同，赞同[O1][+ v.-ing] [O2]
1) They permitted her to leave.他们赞同她走开。

2) I don't think they would permit this.我想他们不会赞同这事。

② ( 不用被动式 , 常用物做主语 ) 赞同，赞同
These stores do not permit sales of alcoholic beverages.这些商店禁止销售含酒精饮料。

⑵不及物动词vi.赞同，赞同[(+of)]
1) I will write another novel if my eyes permit.若是我的视力赞同, 我还要再写一本小
说。

2)We'll discuss both questions if time permits.
若是时间赞同 , 我们将把两个问题都谈论一下。

[ 拓展 ] allow与permit的用法差异
(1)两者均可表示“赞同”，其差异是
permit 平时指上级、规则或法律等表示的赞同，其语气较重；而allow平时指消极地不加反对，有时含有听凭或默许之意，语气较轻。

如：
1) Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed.
所有都没明文规定能够做，但所有做了也不如。

2) The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted.
护士让他留在那处，而按规定那是不同样意的。

(2)从用法上看，两者后接动词作宾语时，均要用动名词形式，而不能够用不定式。

如：
1)We don ’t allow [permit] swimming in the pool.
我们禁止在池子里游泳。

但是若以后接有名词或代词，那么以后须接不定式。

如：
2)We don ’t allow [permit] children to swim in the pool.
我们禁止孩子们在池子里游泳。

prohibit vt.(prohibited,prohibited,prohibiting) prohibit sb. from doing sth.
①( 以法律，规定等 ) 禁止 [(+from)] Smoking
is prohibited in the office building.
办公楼内禁止抽烟。

②阻拦，阻拦；使不能能[(+from)][+v-ing]
The high cost of the machine prohibits its widespread
[ 拓展 ] prohibit，ban，forbid的用法差异
ban n/.vt .“ 禁止，禁令”(=formal prohibition)，指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，
含训斥或
不赞同的态度，平时搭配形式：ban ... from sth./doing sth.。

forbid vt. “禁止，禁止”，一般用语，比prohibit平时，用于较小事物，或个人、上级
、
官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，或客观条件不同样意，平时搭配形式:forbid sb.
to do sth.。

prohibit vt. “禁止,禁止”(=forbid by authority)，指经过法律、法律、警告等作出禁止命令的规定或规则，平时搭配形式：prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.。

4. In Brunei that can cause offence , so we use our thu mb to point.
offence n.犯罪，冲犯，违反，罪过，过错n. [军]攻击习惯用语
an offence against违反commit an offence against违反；破坏
5. It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.
adjust vt.
①调治；改变以适应[(+to)]
She must learn to adjust herself to English life.
她必定学会适应英国的生活。

②校正；校准；调整
I must adjust my watch, it's fast.
我的表快了，我得把它校准。

vi.
①调整;校准
②适应 [(+to)]
Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness.
宇航员在翱翔中必定适应失重状态。

[ 拓展 ] adjust和adapt的差异：
adjust ：
(1)及物动词 vt. ：调治，使适合,校准
adjust a radio (dial)调准收音机的选台指针
adjust color on a TV调整电视的色彩
adjust one's tie in a mirror照镜子整理领带
(2)及物动词 vt. 使适合[于][to]
adjust a telescope to one's eye调治望远镜使之适合眼睛观看
(3)及物动词vt.调整<机器>adjust a clock调准时钟
adapt ：
及物动词vt.：(改装)使适合，改编。

make to fit in a new place; make fit for
He adapted his old car engine to the boat.
他把他的旧汽车上的引擎用到那只船上。

adapt sth. for a particular use 使某物适合某一特别用途
当表示：改变适应环境时adjust 和 adapt 则差不多。

常跟to 搭配。

1) The body adjusts itself to changes of temperature. 身领悟自行适应温度的变化。

2) You must adjust yourself to new conditions. 你必定使自己适应新的环境。

3) He soo n adjusted to army life. 他很快就适应了军队生活。

adapt oneself to a new job使自己适应新的工作
adapt one's thinking to the new situation使思想适应新形势
6. Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
·惯常的
This is his accustomed hour to go to bed.
这是他就寝的惯常时间。

·习惯于的
1)They are accustomed to this sort of work.
他们惯于干这种工作。

2)We have got accustomed to living in an air-conditioned room.
我们对生活在有空调的房间里已习惯了。

3)I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.
我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。

7.our customs are not always alike.
形容词作表语或后置定语，相象的
The twins look very much alike.
这对双胞胎看上去特别相似。

[ 拓展 ]look like是“看上去像，像，似，容颜特色是”
1) Doesn't she look like her father?
2)No matter what the results of the homemade gift look like, remember it's the
thought that counts.
look alike的主语是俩个事物或人，不接宾语。

意思是他们看起来相似。

Eg. A and B look alike.
l ook like也是俩事物或人指看起来像。

但是句子结构是 A looks like B
8. but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival.
1) The class teacher is usually familiar with his students.
老师很熟悉他的学生
[ 拓展 ] familiar to和familiar with之间的差异：
它们之间的差异familiar to是指后者对前者的熟悉，familiar with指前者对后者的熟悉
1) I'm not familiar with this computer.我不熟悉这台电脑。

2) His name is familiar to all of us.他的名字是我们大家熟悉的。

9. it’s a celebration that takes place on November 5th every year.
1)Their celebrations at Christmas are not unlike our own.
他们的圣诞节庆祝活动跟我们自己的并无不同样.
2)The whole nation joined in the celebration.
全国都参加了庆祝活动。

3) The party was in celebra tion of Mother's silver wedding.
聚会是为庆祝母亲的银婚。

[ 拓展 ] v.celebrate (celebrated celebrated celebrating)
The y celebrated his birthday with a dance party.
他们举办舞会来庆祝他的寿辰。

10. I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different.
希望；预期 [U][C]
The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone.
那条狗摇着尾巴, 巴望吃肉骨头。

希望，预期的事物[P1]
The reward fell short of our expectations.奖励不符我们的希望。

前程 [P]
a young art ist with great expectations有远大前程的青年艺术家
11. I have no idea what he will do with them all, and it took up a lot of time. 开始 ( 学习或某种爱好) ；从事；提出；接受；占( 时间，空间等 ) ；拿起；采纳 ( 乘客等 )
1) When did he take up football?他是什么时候开始踢足球的?
2) The work took up all his time.那工作开销了他所有的时间。

He will be able to take up his normal routine shortly.他不久就能办理平时势务。

[ 拓展 ] take over接收[管，任]
take to爱，喜欢、爱好，沉醉于
take on拥有，表现(某种性质、特色等)担当(工作)，肩负(责任)聘任
take off取[脱]下，(飞机)腾跃
12. You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part
in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games. 帐，帐目，帐单[C]
The accounts show we have spent more than we received.
帐目显示我们已经寅吃卯粮了。

帐户；客户 [C]
The company is our best account.
这家公司是我们的最正确客户。

记述，描述；报导[C][(+of)]
The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.
警察表达了交通事故的经过。

解说，说明 [C][(+of)]
John gave us a detailed account of his plan.
关于他的计划, 约翰给我们作了详尽的说明。

依照，原由 [U]
He got angry on this account.由于这个缘故他生气了。

及物动词vt.
把视为 [O9][O8]
He accounted himself lucky.他自认为很走运。

He was accounted a f irst-rate actor.他被认为是一流演员。

不及物动词vi.
报帐
解说 , 说明 ; 对负责 [(+for)]
He could not account for his absence from school.他无法讨情楚为什么旷课。

以致 , 产生 [(+for)]
Too much rain accounted for the poor crop.太多的雨水以致庄稼歉收。