高二英语阅读理解专项训练

阅读理解
Architect Diébédo Francis Kéré from Burkina Faso has won the Pritzker Prize，the world’ s highest recognition in building design.
Kéré is a citizen of both Burkina Faso and Germany and lives in Berlin. On Tuesday he said he was the “happiest man on this planet” to become the 51st recipient of the famous yearly prize. Kéré is famed for building schools，health centers, housing, and other public spaces across Africa. His buildings can be found in his homeland, as well as in Benin, Mali, Kenya, Mozambique, Togo and Sudan.
When he was 20, in 1985, Kéré earned a vocational scholarship to study carpentry( 木工) in Berlin. But while absorbed in the practicality of roofing and furniture making, he also attended night school and was admitted to Technical University of Berlin, from which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture. He was still a student when he designed and built the innovative Gando Primary School.
Unlike traditional school buildings, which use concrete, Kéré’s inventive design combined local clay and cement to form bricks. The material helps keep the building cool in a hot environment. A wide, raised metal roof protects the building from rain and helps air flow. Kéré involved the local community throughout the design and building of the school. The number of students at the school increased from 120 to 700.
Kéré is the first African to be honored with the Pritzker. In his native Burkina Faso, citizens celebrated the win. Nebila Aristide Bazie, head of the Burkina Faso architects’ council, said the award highlights the African architect and the people of Burkina Faso.
“He knows, from within, that architecture is not about the object but the objective; not the product, but the process,” said the 2022 Jury. Kéré’s entire body of work shows us the power of material rooted in place. His buildings, for and with communities, are directly of those communities - in their making, their materials, their programs and their unique characters. 1．What can we know from the second paragraph?
A．Kéré designed many schools as a student.
B．Kéré’s designs are applied all over Asia and Africa. ,
C．Kéré is the first male winner of the Pritzker Prize.
D．Kéré was quite pleased to win the Pritzker Prize.
2．Why does Kéré usually use bricks made of local clay and cement?
A．To make buildings stronger.B．To keep cool in hot weather.
C．To protect students from rain.D．To ensure better indoor airflow.
3．What did Nebila probably think of Kéré’ s wining the Pritzker ?
A．Touching and impressive.B．Amazing and unexpected.
C．Deserving and fortunate.D．Exciting and inspiring.
4．What does the last paragraph intend to tell about?
A．The reasons for awarding Kéré the Pritzker.
B．Kéré’s concepts of architecture in Africa.
C．Kéré’s diverse styles of African buildings.
D．The real purpose of Kéré’s whole works.
The air gets a little thinner and the cold begins to wrap around us as fall leaves and winter arrives. Some people regard winter as a goodbye to their favorite outdoor sports. However, there are plenty of winter outdoor activities that transcend all seasons.
Climbing
Some climbers say that winter climbing and summer climbing are completely different sports. The snow, ice, and cold has the tendency to turn one terrain (地形) into something completely different than it is in the warmer months. As with any other change in temp and terrain, you’ll need gear (设备) and expectations that make sense for the conditions. Plan for the weather getting worse, pack hot liquids, bring all extreme winter climbing supplies-even if the terrain isn’ t expected to need it, layer your clothes, and turn back if you need to. Winter climbing offers more different experiences and views than climbing in warmer months.
Cycling
No matter what type of cycling you’re into, whether it is mountain biking or commuting to work, you can turn it into an all - season activity. Just like anything else, it simply requires some modification ( 改进). Wearing more layers is important, but not so many that you’ll be sweating after a few minutes peddling. A good base layer, gloves, boots, and a head covering will make you plenty comfortable in the cooler temperatures.
Running
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a condition in which people can feel depressed and fatigued in the winter months as a result of the body’s lack of sunlight. Some people can combat this issue with light therapy. Another way to fight the winter blues is to do some exercise.
Continuing to run outside is one way to soak in as much sunlight in your workout as you can. More layers and better shoes may be all you need to turn your warm weather month sport into a cold weather sport as well. In fact, many runs and marathons take place in cooler months. Just be aware of the thinner air and how it can affect your breathing as well as your muscles. However, don’t let a little cold keep you from enjoying a run with a beautiful snowy backdrop.
5．What should you prepare when climbing in winter?
A．Hot liquids.B．A head covering.C．Boots.D．Thin clothes. 6．What does the underlined word “fatigued” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．Excited.B．Warm.C．Tired.D．Frightened. 7．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To show the benefit of climbing.
B．To recommend some good winter sports.
C．To warn people of the danger of winter sports.
D．To tell the difference between winter and summer sports.
There are so many people who are struggling with insomnia (失眠). Now a major publisher has come up with a novel idea — audiobooks with such soothing sounds as soft rainfall and lapping water to relax the listener and send them off to sleep.
In a project to be launched this week, Penguin Random House has cooperated with the Sleep Council and the Children’s Sleep Charity in creating collections of “Sleep Tales” for adults and children. These audiobooks are part soundscape, part descriptive narrative, with softly spoken voices to calm anxieties and take listeners to sleep. Each story lasts about 15 minutes,enabling listeners to set their sleep timer.
The stories draw on the Sleep Council’s research into sounds that help people wind down, such as waves lapping on a shore , soft rainfall and birdsong.
Richard Lennon, publisher at Penguin Audio, told The Guardian the project was inspired
partly by the realization that increasing numbers of people were listening to audiobooks as they were going to sleep or as part of their bedtime routine. He said both adults and children respond to something comforting and familiar as they are nodding off. These are tales without a beginning, a middle or an end. He added, “It’s something that’s being described to you, rather than a story that’s being told to you.” There are no authors’names. He said, “We’re launching them as simply Penguin, Puffin and Ladybird Sleep Tales, rather than mentioning the writers by name because the focus isn’t just on the words. The combination of the words, the voice and the sound design all contribute to the relaxing atmosphere.”
“Audience research had been very positive.” Lennon said. One listener reported, “The story made my mind stop racing.”
The phrase “sleep like a baby” does not apply to a lot of children, with four in ten having sleep problems. But Lennon said the children’s sleep tales were not intended to replace a bedtime story, only to become part of a bedtime routine.
Lisa Artis of the Sleep Council said not everyone liked the same sounds. “Some people love thunder and lightning or bird tweeting. That’s why we came up with different stories with different effects. For some people, listening to rain just makes them want to go to the toilet.”
She added that listening to “non-stimulating” stories was about switching off before bedtime. “It is the sort of thing you need to be doing before bed to feel more relaxed, rather than scrolling through Facebook and checking work emails. We need to forget about everything that’s going on because we will not get a good night’s sleep otherwise.”
8．What does the underlined word “novel” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Original.B．Practical.C．Fictional.D．Functional. 9．What can we learn about the collections of “Sleep Tales”?
A．They are created for adults.
B．Each story lasts about thirty minutes.
C．They are both soundscape and descriptive narrative.
D．Each story has a beginning, a middle and an end.
10．What can we learn from Richard Lennon’s words?
A．Not many people prefer listening to audio books before sleep.
B．A boring story is more likely to make people sleepy.
C．The environment is very important for reading stories.
D．The audio books prove effective in helping people sleep in the research.
11．The passage is mainly about___________.
A．releasing audio books to send listeners to sleep
B．the new trend of people’s reading habit
C．audio books are becoming more and more popular
D．ways to help people sleep easily
Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.
Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. And you have to follow them. If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing under water in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.
Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail. You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing.
When you are writing, remember to make it feet real. You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, and even taste what it’ s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there.
12．What’ s the relationship between actual science and science fiction?
A．Science fiction promotes the development of actual science.
B．Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science.
C．Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.
D．Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.
13．What does the third paragraph focus on?
A．Part of the preparation work for science fiction writing.B．The different types of novels. C．The detail in the first chapter of science fiction.D．The reality of science fiction. 14．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction. B．Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers’ rules are true.
C．The target readers of the passage are young scientists.
D．It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction.
15．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．How to do scientific research B．How to write science fiction
C．What to expect from science fiction D．How to raise interest in science
Dr. Harvey Gates, the noted scientist, might never have discovered the Kamron lizard (蜥蜴) in Blovia, if it had not been for a childhood accident. As a boy, he decided to become a baseball player, but when he broke his arm in practice at the age of fourteen and was forced to stay off the playing field for a while, he took notice of the natural world around him and liked what he saw.
After he had recovered from his injury, he caught a squirrel (松鼠) and raised it as a pet. Soon he was bringing home snakes and other creatures from the woods near his school.
In 1962, he entered Blakeford College and majored in biology. By 1966 he had received his Bachelor (学士) of Science degree and two years later at Drysdale University, he received his Doctor of Science degree. It was while he was doing field research for his doctoral studies in South America in 1967 that he discovered and named the Kamron lizard. This animal was different from others of its kind in that it had only four toes on its front feet. In other respects, it was similar to others of the same family. It could change its color and go for long periods without food.
16．Of the four statements, which one best indicates (表明) the author’s idea?
A．Dr. Gates is a scientist who can always attract the public attention to his research.
B．Dr. Gates is a very famous scientist, though he wanted to be a sportsman at first.
C．Dr. Gates is a scientist who always carries a notebook with him wherever he goes.
D．Dr. Gates is very popular for his determination to become a baseball player.
17．In the first paragraph of the passage, the phrase “in practice” means “________”
A．while doing some practical work
B．while studying animals
C．while making up his mind to become a baseball player
D．while playing baseball
18．In the second paragraph, the word “creatures” can best be replaced by “________”. A．people B．animals C．things D．living things
19．It was ________ that Dr. Gates discovered the Kamron lizard.
A．after he had graduated from Drysdale University
B．right after he had finished his study for the doctor’s degree
C．after he had received his highest degree
D．during the time when he was studying for the doctor’s degree
Chaplin was one of the famous clown-style actors of the silent time. It was through Charlie Chaplin that the Hollywood comedy movies became famous.
Then in the 1920s came another trend of animated cartoons. They were the most popular Hollywood comedy movies of the time. The several popular characters of that era were Felix the cat, Krazy Kat and Betty Boop. However, the popularity of these movies was blocked out due to lack of sound and color. The end of 1920s, the Hollywood comedy industry marked a change brought about by the introduction of sound into the movies. This has allowed the industry to create dramatic new film styles and use verbal humor. These films were soon replacing silent movies. These films used dialogue of comedians such as the W. C Fields and the Marx Brothers. Charlie Chaplin was the last comedian to have acted in the silent films.
When the United States entered into World War ll, Hollywood movies changed its course to themes related to the conflicts, and Hollywood comedy movies described more on military themes. The war time experienced a boom, where restrictions on the traveling made nearly a quarter of the
money spent on attending movies.
In the 1950s, the interest shifted where the TV became popular. During this time the release of Hollywood comedy films declined(衰落). The 1960s saw an increasing number of broad,
star-packed comedies. In 1970 Hollywood comedy movies reflected the anti-war sentiment, which was popular then.
In the 1980s the gag(笑料)based comedy Airplane was released, and Hollywood comedy movies paved its way for more of the same. The popular comedians of this time included Dudley －Moore, Tom Hanks, etc. Jim Carrey, the Canadian actor and a comedian, came into Hollywood comedy movies in the late 1980s where he won the role in such a comedy, Copper Mountain.The most popular Hollywood comedy movies were of John Hughes, which includes Ferris Buellers Day Off and Home Alone series of 1990s. The later films focused more on family audience. This was a revival in comedy movies. Comedy movies remain popular till date.
20．Why did Hollywood movies grow rapidly during World War ll?
A．People had more money at that time.
B．The government spent a lot of money on films
C．.People couldn’t travel freely.
D．People were made to see movies by the government.
21．The theme of the 1970s Hollywood comedies is________.
A．protests against wars
B．domestic violence
C．oversea military activities
D．desire for freedom
22．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Outstanding comedies made in Hollywood.
B．Famous comedians in Hollywood history.
C．Chaplin’s contribution to comedies.
D．Development of Hollywood comedy movies.
23．Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to the Hollywood comedy movies?
a. Hollywood comedy movies focused on family audience.
b. Fewer and fewer Hollywood comedy films were released.
c. Animated cartoons of Hollywood comedy movies were popular.
d. Hollywood comedy movies once developed quickly during the war tim
e.
e. The Hollywood comedy industry made a reform of applying sound to the movies.
A．cedba B．decab C．dabec D．ecbda
Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming dangers, scientists claim. The ultra-fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.
Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles, including as a tool to welcome the coming of self-driving vehicles. Experts believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents — which according to the World Health Organization (WHO) account for more than 1. 3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year — will drop thoroughly as a result. Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said: “With the help of 5G, an early warning system that alerts (给……报警) drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will send warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably. Then those cars will transmit the same information to cars near them and so on, forming a joined-up, multi-vehicle communication chain that stretches far and wide.”
Automotive giant Ford is already working on connected cars. Earlier this year it revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about up-coming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. The system pools data from other connected road users, emergency services and the authorities and sends it from the cloud directly to the car. Alerts are shown on the car’s dashboard display warning the driver about what lies around the corner. 24．What can we expect of the cars in the future?
A．They will be more personalized.
B．They may replace other vehicles.
C．They may be bigger.
D．They will be safer.
25．What is the function of the communication chain?
A．To send warning messages.
B．To collect drivers’ information.
C．To send the traffic situation to the police.
D．To track other drivers.
26．How can 5G help reduce road accidents?
A．By offering practical safety programs.
B．By offering the fast mobile Internet.
C．By helping WHO calculate traffic accidents.
D．By helping drivers overcome dangers.
27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Connected cars are equipped with 5G.
B．Ford is the first producer to use 5G.
C．Cars of Ford are the most intelligent.
D．Warning messages are shown on phones.
In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole life cycle of products we
use-those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models.
I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
28．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D．What appliances to buy to save energy.
29．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?
A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D．It is made when we are buying the products.
30．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author? A．Buying new but cheap clothes.
B．Using old and expensive cars.
C．Using second-hand textbooks.
D．Buying new wooden furniture.
Some years ago I was offered a writing task that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent (大陆). Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.
I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local
geography or transportation systems, set up interviews and do research? It seemed impossible, and with much regret I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted it.
There were some bad moments. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.
The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition (意味着) scary. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning gathers, the world opens to you.
I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can achieve wonders.
31．Why did the author accept the writing task?
A．He had never travelled abroad before.
B．He hardly knew any foreign languages.
C．He was familiar with any other country in Europe.
D．He would learn something new and different by trying.
32．What can we learn about the author from the text?
A．He used to be a wonder.B．He thought little of travelling.
C．He’s ready to face any challenge.D．He’s easy to be defeated.
33．Which of the following best describes the author’s experience?
A．Every garden has its weeds.
B．Life is about learning to dance in the rain.
C．Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
D．All that glitters is not gold.
34．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Ready to Try and Challenge.B．An Interesting Trip Abroad.
C．My First Writing Assignment.D．How to be Daring and Brave.
Are you looking for the best amusement park in the world? Whether you wish to get the wonders of dreamland or want to get amazed with the craziest rides, there are numerous places
that would surely give you excitement.
Gardaland
Considered to be one of the top amusement parks in the world, Gardaland is located in the Northeastern Italy and is an incredible journey for everyone. Begin a fantastic adventure with the themed-water well, and the thrilling rides that includes Blue Tornado, Raptor, Magic Mountain, and a lot more. While it also happens to be the fascinating one amongst the best amusement parks in the world, there is never a dull moment at this wonderland.
Universal Studios
Noted as one of the best amusement parks around the world, Universal studios, Osaka attracts millions of visitors every year. It is popularly known as the home of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter. This theme park has a world-class entertainment for all ages to enjoy to the fullest. Many attractions are similar to that of Universal Orlando Resort and Universal Studios Hollywood.
Happy Valley
Happy Valley is one of the best amusement parks around the world for kids and families. It is a magical place for extreme adventure rides and carnivals. Composing of nine areas of different themes including Sunshine Beach, Shangri-la Woods and Typhoon Bay, you are sure to have a great time here.
35．Where can people enjoy the themed-water well?
A．Gardaland B．Happy Valley.
C．Universal Studios.D．Southeastern Italy.
36．If you are a fan of magic films, which is your best choice?
A．Happy Valley.B．Gardaland.
C．Universal Studios.D．Blue Tornado.
37．Where can we probably read the passage?
A．In a novel.B．In a travel brochure.
C．In a textbook.D．In a book review.
参考答案
1．D
2．B
3．D
4．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。

文章讲述了2022年建筑界的最高荣誉奖普利兹克奖迎来了它的首位非洲获奖者：Diébédo Francis Kéré，他是该奖项的第51位获奖者。

1．推理判断题。

由文章第二段“ On Tuesday he said he was the ‘happiest man on this planet’ to become the 51st recipient of the famous yearly prize.(周二，他表示自己是‘这个星球上最幸福的人’，成为第51位著名年度奖得主。

)”可知，Kéré为他能获Pritzker Prize感到很满意。

故选D项。

2．细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“The material helps keep the building cool in a hot environment.(这种材料有助于使建筑在炎热的环境中保持凉爽)”可知，Kéré使用当地的黏土和水泥制成的砖块做建筑材料主要是可以在炎热的天气下保持凉爽。

故选B项。

3．推理判断题。

根据第五段中“Nebila Aristide Bazie, head of the Burkina Faso architects’ council, said the award highlights the African architect and the people of Burkina Faso.(布基纳法索建筑师委员会主席Nebila Aristide Bazie表示，该奖项突出了非洲建筑师和布基纳法索人民)”可知，Nebila认为Kéré的获奖给非洲的建筑师带来了自信和鼓舞，同时给当地人们带来了充满自豪的激动。

故选D项。

4．主旨大意题。

根据最后一段中“He knows, from within, that architecture is not about the object but the objective; not the product, but the process(他从内心知道，建筑不是关于物体，而是关于目标；不是产品，而是过程)”及“Francis Kéré’s entire body of work shows us the power of materiality rooted in place. His buildings, for and with communities, are directly of those communities-in their making, their materials, their programs and their unique characters.(Francis Kéré的整个工作向我们展示了根植于地方的物质的力量。

他的建筑，为社区而建，与社区一起建，都是直接与社区相关的——在建筑、材料、项目和独特的个性上都是如此)”可知，本段主要分享的是评审委员会给出Kéré能获奖的理由。

故选A项。

5．A
6．C。