第三部分 第十章 第一节 一卷冲关的课后练案

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新人教版七年级下册生物导学案【全册】

新人教版七年级下册生物导学案【全册】

新人教版七年级下册生物导学案【全册】第四单元生物圈中的人第一章人的由来第一节人类的起源和发展导学1【研究目标】:1.说出人类起源于森林古猿,人类是在与自然环境的斗争中逐渐进化来的。

2.对比观察四种现代类人猿和人类起源与示意图,概述人类在起源和发展过程中自身形态和使用工具等方面的变化。

【研究重、难点】:1.搞清人类与类人猿的关系。

2.认同现代人类是在与自然环境的长期斗争中进化来的观点。

【研究过程】:一、自主研究1、在人类的进化过程中,“露西”时代的古人类适于下地生活的特点是:下肢___________。

2、我国的古人类化石非常丰富,著名的北京人化石发现于______________。

1929年,________发现了第一个北京猿人头盖骨的化石。

3分析思考人类进化的原因?二、交流展示.任务一:当真浏览课本P2至P3考虑:四种现代类人猿分别是:、、、。

它们的生活方式的共同点是。

其中与人亲缘关系最近的是。

2、今天人类的数量在急剧增加,而类人猿的数量日益减少,原因是什么?3、类人猿在形态结构上确实与人有许多相似,但与人的根本区别是什么?4、现代类人猿与人类的干系接近他们的共同祖先是。

任务二:认真阅读分析教材P4至P5内容思考5、生活在300万年前“露西”少女的化石与现代人类较为相似,想象一下他的运动方式会是什么?6、生活在175万年前的“东非人”用图中的石块做什么?它们已经具有能力。

三、知识小结现代类人猿和人类的共同祖先是:⑴人类的起源和发展自然条件:人类的起源和发展自身的变化:创造和使用。

⑵人类的进化过程:树上生活--森林古猿---下地生活---直立行走(直立行走是进化发展的基础)⑶在人类发展和进化中的重大事件:直立行走----制造和使用工具----大脑进一步发财---语言的产生【学以致用】:生活链接:现代的类人猿是否有一天会进化为人类?【技能训练】:认真阅读教材p6的“区分事实和观点”并完成相关习题。

【创新教程】2020版高考数学(文)总复习:课时冲关(450页,含答案)

【创新教程】2020版高考数学(文)总复习:课时冲关(450页,含答案)

第一章集合与常用逻辑用语第1节集合学生用书课时冲关一[基础训练组]1.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)已知集合A={1,3,5,7},B={2,3,4,5},则A∩B=( )A.{3} B.{5}C.{3,5} D.{1,2,3,4,5,7}解析:C [A={1,3,5,7},B={2,3,4,5},∴A∩B={3,5},故选C.]2.(2019·石嘴山市一模)集合P={|0≤<3},M={|||≤3},则P∩M=( )A.{1,2} B.{0,1,2}C.{|0≤<3} D.{|0≤≤3}解析:C [集合P={|0≤<3},M={|||≤3}={|-3≤≤3},则P∩M={|0≤<3}.] 3.(2019·张家口市模拟)如图,I为全集,M、P、S是I的三个子集,则阴影部分所表示的集合是( )A.(M∩P)∩S B.(M∩P)∪SC.(M∩P)∩∁I S D.(M∩P)∪∁I S解析:C [图中的阴影部分是M∩P的子集,不属于集合S,属于集合S的补集的子集,即是∁I S的子集,则阴影部分所表示的集合是(M∩P)∩∁I S.故选C.]4.(2019·漳州市模拟)满足{2018}⊆A{2018,2019,2020}的集合A的个数为( )A.1 B.2C.3 D.4解析:C [满足{2018}⊆A{2018,2019,2020}的集合A可得:A={2018},{2018,2019},{2018,2020}.因此满足的集合A的个数为3.]5.已知集合P={|2≤1},M={a}.若P∪M=P,则a的取值范围是( )A.(-∞,-1] B.[1,+∞)C.[-1,1] D.(-∞,-1]∪[1,+∞)解析:C [因为P∪M=P,所以M⊆P,即a∈P,得a 2≤1,解得-1≤a ≤1,所以a 的取值范围是[-1,1].]6.已知集合A ={y |y =x 2-1},B ={|y =lg(-22)},则∁R (A ∩B )=( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫0,12 B .(-∞,0)∪⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫12,+∞C.⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12 D .(-∞,0]∪⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫12,+∞解析:D [A ={y |y =x 2-1}=[0,+∞),B ={|y =lg(-22)}=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12,所以A ∩B =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12,所以∁R (A ∩B )=(-∞,0]∪⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫12,+∞.]7.(2019·合肥市模拟)已知A =[1,+∞),B =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫x ∈R |12a ≤x ≤2a -1,若A ∩B ≠∅,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A .[1,+∞)B.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12,1 C.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫23,+∞ D .(1,+∞)解析:A[因为A ∩B ≠∅,所以⎩⎨⎧2a -1≥1,2a -1≥12a ,解得a ≥1,故选A.]8.(2019·石家庄市模拟)函数y =x -2与y =ln(1-)的定义域分别为M ,N ,则M ∪N =( )A .(1,2]B .[1,2]C .(-∞,1]∪[2,+∞)D .(-∞,1)∪[2,+∞)解析:D [使x -2有意义的实数应满足-2≥0,∴≥2,∴M =[2,+∞),y =ln(1-)中应满足1->0,∴<1,∴N =(-∞,1),所以M ∪N =(-∞,1)∪[2,+∞),故选D.]9.已知集合A ={(,y )|,y ∈R ,2+y 2=1},B ={(,y )|,y ∈R ,y =42-1},则A ∩B 的元素个数是________.解析:集合A 是以原点为圆心,半径等于1的圆周上的点的集合,集合B 是抛物线y =42-1上的点的集合,观察图像可知,抛物线与圆有3个交点,因此A ∩B 中含有3个元素.答案:310.已知集合A ={|4≤2≤16},B =[a ,b ],若A ⊆B ,则实数a -b 的取值范围是________. 解析:集合A ={|4≤2≤16}={|22≤2≤24}={|2≤≤4}=[2,4],因为A ⊆B ,所以a ≤2,b ≥4,所以a -b ≤2-4=-2,即实数a -b 的取值范围是(-∞,-2].答案:(-∞,-2]11.对于集合M 、N ,定义M -N ={|∈M ,且∉N },M ⊕N =(M -N )∪(N -M ).设A ={y |y =3,∈R },B ={y |y =-(-1)2+2,∈R },则A ⊕B =________.解析:由题意得A ={y |y =3,∈R }={y |y >0},B ={y |y =-(-1)2+2,∈R }={y |y ≤2},故A -B ={y |y >2},B -A ={y |y ≤0},所以A ⊕B ={y |y ≤0,或y >2}.答案:(-∞,0]∪(2,+∞)12.(2019·淮南市一模)若A ={|a 2-a +1≤0,∈R }=∅,则a 的取值范围是________. 解析:∵A ={|a 2-a +1≤0,∈R }=∅,∴a =0或⎩⎨⎧a >0Δa2-4a <0,解得0≤a <4.∴a 的取值范围是[0,4).答案:[0,4).[能力提升组]13.集合U =R ,A ={|2--2<0},B ={|y =ln(1-)},则图中阴影部分所表示的集合是( )A .{|≥1}B .{|1≤<2}C .{|0<≤1}D .{|≤1}解析:B [易知A =(-1,2),B =(-∞,1),∴∁U B =[1,+∞),A ∩(∁U B )=[1,2).因此阴影部分表示的集合为A ∩(∁U B )={|1≤<2}.]14.设P ,Q 为两个非空实数集合,定义集合P *Q ={|=a ÷b ,a ∈P ,b ∈Q },若P ={-1,0,1},Q ={-2,2},则集合P *Q 中元素的个数是( )A .2B .3C .4D .5解析:B [当a =0时,无论b 取何值,=a ÷b =0; 当a =-1,b =-2时,=(-1)÷(-2)=12;当a =-1,b =2时,=(-1)÷2=-12;当a =1,b =-2时,=1÷(-2)=-12;当a =1,b =2时,=1÷2=12.故P *Q =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫0,12,-12,该集合中共有3个元素.]15.若集合A ={|(a -1)2+3-2=0,∈R }有且仅有两个子集,则实数a 的值为________. 解析:由题意知,方程(a -1)2+3-2=0,∈R ,有一个根,∴当a =1时满足题意,当a ≠1时,Δ=0,即9+8(a -1)=0,解得a =-18.答案:1或-1816.(2019·西城区一模)某班共有学生40名,在乒乓球、篮球、排球三项运动中每人至少会其中的一项,有些人会其中的两项,没有人三项均会.若该班18人不会打乒乓球,24人不会打篮球,16人不会打排球,则该班会其中两项运动的学生人数是________.解析:设同时会打乒乓球和篮球的学生有人, 同时会打乒乓球和排球的学生有y 人, 同时会打排球和篮球的学生有人,∵该班18人不会打乒乓球,24人不会打篮球,16人不会打排球, ∴该班会打乒乓球或篮球的学生有24人, 会打乒乓球或排球的学生有16人, 会打篮球或打排球有22人, ∴+y +=24+16+22-40=22.∴该班会其中两项运动的学生人数是22. 答案:22第2节 命题、充分条件与必要条件学生用书 课时冲关二[基础训练组]1.命题“若a 2+b 2=0,a ,b ∈R ,则a =b =0”的逆否命题是( ) A .若a ≠b ≠0,a ,b ∈R ,则a 2+b 2=0 B .若a =b ≠0,a ,b ∈R ,则a 2+b 2≠0 C .若a ≠0且b ≠0,a ,b ∈R ,则a 2+b 2≠0 D .若a ≠0或b ≠0,a ,b ∈R ,则a 2+b 2≠0解析:D [写逆否命题只要交换命题的条件与结论,并分别否定条件与结论即可.] 2.(2019·晋城市一模)设a ∈R ,则“a >3”是“函数y =log a (-1)在定义域上为增函数”的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析:A [因为函数y =log a (-1)在定义域(1,+∞)上为增函数,所以a >1, 因此“a >3”是“函数y =log a (-1)在定义域上为增函数”的充分不必要条件.]3.(2019·天津市模拟)“m =1”是“圆C 1:2+y 2+3+4y +m =0与圆C 2“2+y 2=4的相交弦长为23”的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析:A [由题意知圆C 1与圆C 2的公共弦所在的直线是3+4y +m +4=0,故(0,0)到3+4y +m +4=0的距离d =|m +4|5=4-3=1,即|m +4|=5,解得m =1或m =-9.故m =1是m =1或m =-9的充分不必要条件,故选A.]4.(2019·大庆市模拟)已知条件p :|-4|≤6,条件q :≤1+m ,若p 是q 的充分不必要条件,则m 的取值范围是( )A .(-∞,-1]B .(-∞,9]C .[1,9]D .[9,+∞)解析:D [由|-4|≤6,解得-2≤≤10,即p :-2≤≤10;又q :≤1+m ,若p 是q 的充分不必要条件,则1+m ≥10,解得m ≥9.故选D.]5.(2019·洛阳市一模)若>m 是2-3+2<0的必要不充分条件,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A .[1,+∞)B .(-∞,2]C .(-∞,1]D .[2,+∞)解析:C [由2-3+2<0得1<<2, 若>m 是2-3+2<0的必要不充分条件, 则m ≤1,即实数m 的取值范围是(-∞,1].]6.(2019·南昌市模拟)a 2+b 2=1是a sin θ+b cos θ≤1恒成立的( ) A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析:A [因为a sin θ+b cos θ=a 2+b 2sin (θ+φ)≤a 2+b 2,所以由a 2+b 2=1可推得a sinθ+b cos θ≤1恒成立.反之,取a =2,b =0,θ=30°,满足a sin θ+b cos θ≤1,但不满足a 2+b 2=1,即由a sin θ+b cos θ≤1推不出a 2+b 2=1,故a 2+b 2=1是a sin θ+b cos θ≤1恒成立的充分不必要条件.故选A.]7.(2019·新余市模拟)“m >1”是“函数f ()=3+m -33在区间[1,+∞)无零点”的( ) A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析:A [因为函数f ()=3+m -33在区间[1,+∞)上单调递增且无零点,所以f (1)=31+m-33>0,即m +1>32,解得m >12,故“m >1”是“函数f ()=3+m -33在区间[1,+∞)无零点的充分不必要条件,故选A.] 8.(2019·焦作市质检)设等比数列{a n }的公比为q ,前n 项和为S n .给出命题s :若|q |=2,则S 6=7S 2,则在命题s 的逆命题、否命题、逆否命题中,错误命题的个数是( )A .3B .2C .1D .0解析:B [若|q |=2,则q 2=2,S 6=a 11-q 61-q=a 11-q 21+q 2+q 41-q=7·a 11-q 21-q =7S 2,所以原命题为真,从而逆否命题为真;而当S 6=7S 2时,显然q ≠1,这时a 11-q 61-q =7·a 11-q 21-q,解得q =-1或|q |=2,因此,逆命题为假,否命题为假,故错误命题的个数为2.]9.(2019·西宁市模拟)《左传·僖公十四年》有记载:“皮之不存,毛将焉附?”这句话的意思是说皮都没有了,毛往哪里依附呢?比喻事物失去了借以生存的基础,就不能存在.皮之不存,毛将焉附?则“有毛”是“有皮”的_______条件(将正确的序号填入空格处).①充分条件 ②必要条件 ③充要条件 ④既不充分也不必要条件解析:由题意知“无皮”⇒“无毛”,所以“有毛”⇒“有皮”即“有毛”是“有皮”的充分条件.答案:①10.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对应的边分别为a ,b ,c ,则“a ≤b ”是“sin A ≤sin B ”的__________条件.解析:由正弦定理,得a sin A =bsin B,故a ≤b ⇔sin A ≤sin B.答案:充要11.(2019·曲靖市一模)若“>a ”是“2-5+6≥0”成立的充分不必要条件,则实数a 的取值范围是_________.解析:由2-5+6≥0得≥3或≤2,若“>a ”是“2-5+6≥0”成立的充分不必要条件,则a ≥3,即实数a 的取值范围是[3,+∞).答案:[3,+∞)12.(2019·日照模拟)已知条件p :22-3+1≤0,条件q :2-(2a +1)+a (a +1)≤0.若非p 是非q 的必要不充分条件,则实数a 的取值范围是________.解析:由22-3+1≤0,得12≤≤1,∴命题p 为⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫x |12≤x ≤1.由2-(2a +1)+a (a +1)≤0,得a ≤≤a +1, ∴命题q 为{|a ≤≤a +1}.非p 对应的集合A =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫x |x >1或x <12,非q 对应的集合B ={|>a +1或<a }. ∵非p 是非q 的必要不充分条件, ∴a +1≥1且a ≤12,∴0≤a ≤12,即实数a 的取值范围是⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,12.答案:⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,12[能力提升组]13.(2019·合肥市模拟)祖暅原理:“幂势既同,则积不容异”.它是中国古代一个涉及几何体体积的问题,意思是两个同高的几何体,如果在等高处的截面积恒相等,那么体积相等.设A ,B 为两个同高的几何体,p :A ,B 的体积不相等,q :A ,B 在等高处的截面积不恒相等,根据祖暅原理可知,p 是q 的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析:A [设命题a :“若p ,则q ”,可知命题a 是祖暅原理的逆否命题,则a 是真命题.故p 是q 的充分条件.设命题b :“若q ,则p ”,若A 比B 在某些等高处的截面积小一些,在另一些等高处的截面积大一些,且大的总量与小的总量相抵,则它们的体积还是一样的.所以命题b 是假命题,即p 不是q 的必要条件.综上所述,p 是q 的充分不必要条件.故选A.]14.(2019·保定市模拟)已知条件p :4x -1≤-1,条件q :2+<a 2-a ,且非q 的一个充分不必要条件是非p ,则a 的取值范围是( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-2,-12B.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12,2 C .[-1,2]D.⎝ ⎛⎦⎥⎤2,12∪[2,+∞) 解析:C [由4x -1≤-1,移项得4x -1+1≤0,通分得x +3x -1≤0,解得-3≤<1;由2+<a 2-a ,得2+-a 2+a <0.由非q 的一个充分不必要条件是非p ,可知非p 是非q 的充分不必要条件,即p 是q 的必要不充分条件,即条件q 对应的取值集合是条件p 对应的取值集合的真子集.设f ()=2+-a 2+a ,如图,则⎩⎨⎧f 3a 2+a +6≥0,f 1a 2+a +2≥0,∴⎩⎨⎧-2<a <3-1≤a ≤2∴-1≤a ≤2,故选C.]15.给出下列命题:①“数列{a n }为等比数列”是“数列{a n a n +1}为等比数列”的充分不必要条件; ②“a =2”是“函数f ()=|-a |在区间[2,+∞)上为增函数”的充要条件;③“m =3”是“直线(m +3)+my -2=0与直线m -6y +5=0互相垂直”的充要条件; ④设a ,b ,c 分别是△ABC 三个内角A ,B ,C 所对的边,若a =1,b =3,则“A =30°”是“B =60°”的必要不充分条件.其中真命题的序号是________.解析:对于①,当数列{a n }为等比数列时,易知数列{a n a n +1}是等比数列,但当数列{a n a n +1}为等比数列时,数列{a n }未必是等比数列,如数列1,3,2,6,4,12,8显然不是等比数列,而相应的数列3,6,12,24,48,96是等比数列,因此①正确;对于②,当a ≤2时,函数f ()=|-a |在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数,因此②不正确;对于③,当m =3时,相应的两条直线互相垂直,反之,这两条直线垂直时,不一定有m =3,也可能m =0.因此③不正确;对于④,由题意得b a =sin Bsin A=3,若B =60°,则sin A =12,注意到b >a ,故A =30°,反之,当A =30°时,有sin B =32,由于b >a ,所以B =60°或B =120°,因此④正确.综上所述,真命题的序号是①④.答案:①④16.设命题p :2x -1x -1<0,命题q ∶2-(2a +1)+a (a +1)≤0,若p 是q 的充分不必要条件,则实数a 的取值范围是________.解析:2x -1x -1<0⇒(2-1)(-1)<0⇒12<<1,2-(2a +1)+a (a +1)≤0⇒a ≤≤a +1.由题意,得⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,1⊆[a ,a +1].故⎩⎨⎧a ≤12,a +1≥1,解得0≤a ≤12.答案:⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,12第3节量词与逻辑联结词学生用书课时冲关三[基础训练组]1.(2019·安阳市模拟)已知命题p:存在0∈(-∞,0),20<30,则非p为( )A.存在0∈[0,+∞),20<30B.存在0∈(-∞,0),20≥30C.任意0∈[0,+∞),2<3D.任意∈(-∞,0),2≥3解析:D [由特称命题的否定为全称命题,可得命题p:存在0∈(-∞,0),20<30,则非p为:任意∈(-∞,0),2≥3,故选D.]2.(2019·济南市一模)若命题“p或q”与命题“非p”都是真命题,则( )A.命题p与命题q都是真命题B.命题p与命题q都是假命题C.命题p是真命题,命题q是假命题D.命题p是假命题,命题q是真命题解析:D [命题“p或q”与命题“非p”都是真命题,则p是假命题,q是真命题,故选D.]3.(2019·濮阳市一模)已知m,n是两条不同的直线,α,β是两个不重合的平面.命题p:若α∩β=m,m⊥n,则n⊥α;命题q:若m∥α,m⊂β,α∩β=n,则m∥n.那么下列命题中的真命题是( )A.p且q B.p或非qC.非p且q D.非p且非q解析:C [直线垂直于平面内的一条直线,不能确定该直线与平面垂直,命题p是假命题;命题q满足直线与平面平行的性质定理,命题q是真命题;所以非p是真命题,可得非p且q 是真命题.故选C.]4.已知命题p:若a=0.30.3,b=1.20.3,c=log1.20.3,则a<c<b;命题q:“2--6>0”是“>4”的必要不充分条件,则下列命题正确的是( )A.p且q B.p且(非q)C.(非p)且q D.(非p)且(非q)解析:C [因为0<a=0.30.3<0.30=1,b=1.20.3>1.20=1,c=log1.20.3<log1.21=0,所以c<a<b ,故命题p 为假命题,非p 为真命题;由2--6>0可得<-2或>3,故“2--6>0”是“>4”的必要不充分条件,q 为真命题,故(非p )且q 为真命题,选C.]5.(2019·沈阳市模拟)命题p :“任意∈N +,⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12≤12”的否定为( )A .任意∈N +,⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12>12B .任意∉N +,⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12>12C .存在0∉N +,⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫120>12D .存在0∈N +,⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫120>12解析:D [命题p 的否定是把“任意”改成“存在”,再把“⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12≤12”改为“⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫120>12”即可,故选D.]6.短道速滑队组织6名队员(含赛前系列赛积分最靠前的甲乙丙三名队员在内)进行冬奥会选拔赛,记“甲得第一名”为p ,“乙得第二名”为q ,“丙得第三名”为r ,若p 或q 是真命题,p 且q 是假命题,(非q )且r 是真命题,则选拔赛的结果为( )A .甲得第一名、乙得第二名、丙得第三名B .甲得第二名、乙得第一名、丙得第三名C .甲得第一名、乙得第三名、丙得第二名D .甲得第一名、乙没得第二名、丙得第三名解析:D [(非q )且r 是真命题意味着非q 为真,q 为假(乙没得第二名)且r 为真(丙得第三名);p 或q 是真命题,由于q 为假,只能p 为真(甲得第一名),这与p 且q 是假命题相吻合;由于还有其他三名队员参赛,只能肯定其他队员得第二名,乙没得第二名,故选D.]7.(2019·玉溪市模拟)有四个关于三角函数的命题:p 1:存在∈R ,sin +cos =2; p 2:存在∈R ,sin 2=sin ;p 3:任意∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π2,π2,1+cos 2x2=cos ; p 4:任意∈(0,π),sin >cos .其中真命题是( ) A .p 1,p 4B .p 2,p 3C .p 3,p 4D .p 2,p 4解析:B [因为sin +cos =2sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +π4,所以sin +cos 的最大值为2,可得不存在∈R ,使sin +cos =2成立,得命题p 1是假命题; 因为存在=π(∈),使sin 2=sin 成立,故命题p 2是真命题; 因为1+cos 2x 2=cos 2,所以1+cos 2x 2=|cos |,结合∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π2,π2得cos ≥0 由此可得1+cos 2x2=cos ,得命题p 3是真命题; 因为当=π4时,sin =cos =22,不满足sin >cos ,所以任意∈(0,π),使sin >cos 不成立,故命题p 4是假命题.故选B.] 8.(2019·瓦房店市一模)下列说法错误的是( )A .命题“若2-4+3=0,则=3”的逆否命题是“若≠3,则2-4+3≠0”B .“>1”是“||>0”的充分不必要条件C .命题p :“存在∈R ,使得2++1<0”,则非p :“任意∈R ,2++1≥0”D .若p 且q 为假命题,则p 、q 均为假命题解析:D [命题“若2-4+3=0,则=3”的逆否命题是“若≠3,则2-4+3≠0”,故A 正确;由>1,可得||>1>0,反之,由||>0,不一定有>1,如=-1, ∴“>1”是“||>0”的充分不必要条件,故B 正确;命题p :“存在∈R ,使得2++1<0”,则非p :“任意∈R ,2++1≥0”,故C 正确; 若p 且q 为假命题,则p 、q 中至少有一个为假命题,故D 错误.] 9.(2019·银川市模拟)命题“存在0∈R,20>3”的否定是________.解析:因为特称命题的否定是全称命题,所以,命题“存在0∈R,20>3”的否定是:“任意∈R,2≤3”.答案:任意∈R,2≤310.若命题“任意∈R ,2--1<0”是真命题,则的取值范围是________.解析:命题“任意∈R ,2--1<0”是真命题,当=0时,则有-1<0;当≠0时,则有<0且Δ=(-)2-4××(-1)=2+4<0,解得-4<<0,综上所述,实数的取值范围是(-4,0].答案:(-4,0]11.(2019·西宁市一模)命题“存在∈R ,2-(m -1)+1<0”为假命题,则实数m 的取值范围为________.解析:命题“存在∈R ,2-(m -1)+1<0”为假命题, 可得任意∈R ,2-(m -1)+1≥0恒成立, 即有Δ=(m -1)2-4≤0,解得-1≤m ≤3, 则实数m 的取值范围为[-1,3]. 答案:[-1,3]12.若命题p :关于的不等式a +b >0的解集是⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫x |x >-b a ,命题q :关于的不等式(-a )(-b )<0的解集是{|a <<b },则在命题“p 且q ”、“p 或q ”、“非p ”、“ 非q ”中,是真命题的有________.解析:依题意可知命题p 和q 都是假命题,所以“p 且q ”为假、“p 或q ”为假、“非p ”为真、“非q ”为真.答案:非p ,非q[能力提升组]13.已知命题p 1:存在0∈R ,使得20+0+1<0成立;p 2:对任意∈[1,2],2-1≥0.以下命题为真命题的是( )A .(非p 1)且(非p 2)B .p 1或(非p 2)C .(非p 1)且p 2D .p 1且p 2解析:C [∵方程20+0+1=0的判别式Δ=12-4=-3<0,∴20+0+1<0无解,故命题p 1为假命题,非p 1为真命题;由2-1≥0,得≥1或≤-1.∴对任意∈[1,2],2-1≥0,故命题p 2为真命题, 非p 2为假命题.∵非p 1为真命题,p 2为真命题, ∴(非p 1)且p 2为真命题,选C.]14.已知命题p :任意∈R,2+12x >2,命题q :存在0∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,π2,使sin 0+cos 0=12,则下列命题中为真命题的是( )A .非p 且非qB .非p 且qC .p 且非qD .p 且q解析:A [命题p :任意∈R,2+12x >2,当=0时,命题不成立.所以命题p 是假命题,则非p 是真命题;命题q :任意∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,π2,使sin +cos =2sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +π4∈[1,2],所以存在0∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,π2,使sin 0+cos 0=12,不正确,则非q 是真命题.所以非p 且非q .故选A.] 15.若“任意∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π4,π4,m ≤tan +1”为真命题,则实数m 的最大值为________.解析:由“任意∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π4,π4,m ≤tan +1”为真命题,可得-1≤tan ≤1,∴0≤tan +1≤2,∴实数m 的最大值为0.答案:016.(2019·洛阳市一模)已知p :任意∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤14,12,2<m (2+1),q :函数f ()=4+2+1+m -1存在零点,若“p 且q ”为真命题,则实数m 的取值范围是________.解析:已知p :任意∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤14,12,2<m (2+1),故m >2x x 2+1.令g ()=2x x 2+1,则g ()在⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤14,12递增,所以g ()≤g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12=45,故p 为真时:m >45;q :函数f ()=4+2+1+m -1=(2+1)2+m -2,令f ()=0,得2=2-m -1.若f ()存在零点,则2=2-m -1>0, 解得m <1, 故q 为真时,m <1.若“p 且q ”为真命题,则实数m 的取值范围是⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫45,1.答案:⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫45,1第二章 函数、导数及其应用 第1节 函数的概念及其表示 学生用书 课时冲关四[基础训练组]1.若函数y =f ()的定义域为M ={|-2≤≤2},值域为N ={y |0≤y ≤2},则函数y =f ()的图像可能是( )解析:B [可以根据函数的概念进行排除,使用筛选法得到答案.]2.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)下列函数中,其定义域和值域分别与函数y =10lg 的定义域和值域相同的是( )A .y =B .y =lgC .y =2D .y =1x解析:D [函数y =10lg 的定义域和值域均为(0,+∞);函数y =的定义域和值域均为R ,不满足要求;函数y =lg 的定义域为(0,+∞),值域为R ,不满足要求;函数y =2的定义域为R ,值域为(0,+∞),不满足要求;函数y =1x的定义域和值域均为(0,+∞),满足要求.故选D.]3.已知f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1+x x =x 2+1x 2+1x ,则f ()=( )A .(+1)2(≠1)B .(-1)2(≠1)C .2-+1(≠1)D .2++1(≠1)解析:C [f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1+x x =x 2+1x 2+1x =x +12x 2-x +1x +1,令x +1x=t ,得f (t )=t 2-t +1(t ≠1),即f ()=2-+1(≠1).故选C.]4.(2015·全国Ⅰ卷)已知函数f ()=⎩⎨⎧2x -1-2,x ≤1-log 2x +1x >1,且f (a )=-3,则f (6-a )=( )A .-74B .-54C .-34D .-14解析:A [当a ≤1时,2a -1-2=-3,无解; 当a >1时,-log 2(a +1)=-3,得a =7, 所以f (6-a )=f (-1)=2-2-2=-74,故选A.]5.(2019·孝义市模拟)已知函数f ()=⎩⎨⎧x 2,x ≤1x +4x -3,x >1,( )A .[1,+∞)B .[0,+∞)C .(1,+∞)D .[0,1)∪(1,+∞)解析:B[由f ()=⎩⎨⎧x 2,x ≤1x +4x -3,x >1,知当≤1时,2≥0; 当>1时,+4x-3≥2x ·4x -3=4-3=1,当且仅当=4x,即=2时取“=”. 取并集得f ()的值域是[0,+∞).]6.图中的图像所表示的函数的解析式f ()=________.解析:由图像知每段为线段.设f ()=a +b ,把(0,0),⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1,32和⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1,32,(2,0)分别代入求解,得⎩⎨⎧ a =32,b =0,⎩⎨⎧a =-32,b =3.答案:f ()=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧32x ,0≤x ≤13-32x ,1<x ≤27.若函数y =f ()的值域是[1,3],则函数F ()=1-2f (+3)的值域是________.解析:∵1≤f ()≤3,∴-6≤-2f (+3)≤-2, ∴-5≤1-2f (+3)≤-1,即F ()的值域为[-5,-1]. 答案: [-5,-1]8.(2019·东莞市模拟)已知函数f ()=a -b (a >0),f (f ())=4-3,则f (2)=__________. 解析:∵f ()=a -b ,∴f (f ())=f (a -b )=a (a -b )-b =a 2-ab -b =4-3.∴⎩⎨⎧a 2=4ab +b =3,且a >0,∴a =2,b =1. ∴f ()=2-1,∴f (2)=2×2-1=3. 答案:39.二次函数f ()满足f (+1)-f ()=2,且f (0)=1. (1)求f ()的解析式; (2)解不等式f ()>2+5.解:(1)设二次函数f ()=a 2+b +c (a ≠0). ∵f (0)=1,∴c =1.把f ()的表达式代入f (+1)-f ()=2,有a (+1)2+b (+1)+1-(a 2+b +1)=2.∴2a +a +b =2. ∴a =1,b =-1. ∴f ()=2-+1.(2)由2-+1>2+5,即2-3-4>0, 解得>4或<-1.故原不等式解集为{|>4,或<-1}. 10.已知函数f ()=·||-2. (1)求函数f ()=0时的值;(2)画出y =f ()的图像,并结合图像写出f ()=m 有三个不同实根时,实数m 的取值范围.解:(1)由f ()=0可解得=0,=±2,所以函数f ()=0时,的值为-2,0,2. (2)f ()=||-2,即f ()=⎩⎨⎧x 2-2x ,x ≥0,-x 2-2x ,x <0.图像如图,由图像可得实数m ∈(-1,1).[能力提升组]11.(2019·遂宁市模拟)设函数f ()=x -1,则f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2+f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫4x 的定义域为( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12,4 B .[2,4]C .[1,+∞)D.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤14,2 解析:B [∵函数f ()=x -1的定义域为[1,+∞),∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x2≥14x ≥1,解得2≤≤4.∴f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2+f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫4x 的定义域为:[2,4].]12.已知f ()=⎩⎨⎧1x +2,-1≤x ≤0,x 2-2x ,0<x ≤1,若f (2m -1)<12,则m 的取值范围是( )A .m >12B .m <12C .0≤m <12D.12<m ≤1解析:D[由题得⎩⎨⎧-1≤2m -1≤0,12m +1<12,或⎩⎨⎧0<2m -1≤1,2m -12-22m -1<12,解得12<m ≤1,故选D.]13.若函数f ()=x 2+2ax -a 的定义域为R ,则a 的取值范围为________. 解析:由题意知2+2a -a ≥0恒成立.∴2+2a -a ≥0恒成立, ∴Δ=4a 2+4a ≤0,∴-1≤a ≤0. 答案:[-1,0]14.行驶中的汽车在刹车时由于惯性作用,要继续往前滑行一段距离才能停下,这段距离叫做刹车距离.在某种路面上,某种型号汽车的刹车距离y (米)与汽车的车速(千米/时)满足下列关系:y =x 2200+m +n (m ,n 是常数).如图是根据多次实验数据绘制的刹车距离y (米)与汽车的车速(千米/时)的关系图.(1)求出y 关于的函数表达式;(2)如果要求刹车距离不超过25.2米,求行驶的最大速度. 解:(1)由题意及函数图像,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧402200+40m +n =8.4,602200+60m +n =18.6,解得m =1100,n =0,所以y =x 2200+x100(≥0).(2)令x 2200+x100≤25.2,得-72≤≤70.∵≥0,∴0≤≤70.故行驶的最大速度是70千米/时.第2节 函数的单调性与最值 学生用书 课时冲关五[基础训练组]2.已知函数f ()=2a 2+4(a -3)+5在区间(-∞,3)上是减函数,则a 的取值范围是( )A.⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,34 B.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫0,34 C.⎝ ⎛⎦⎥⎤0,34 D.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,34 解析:D [当a =0时,f ()=-12+5,在(-∞,3)上是减函数;当a ≠0时,由⎩⎨⎧a >0-4a -34a≥3,得0<a ≤34.综上,a 的取值范围是0≤a ≤34.]3.(2019·聊城市模拟)函数y =ln (2-4+3)的单调减区间为( ) A .(2,+∞) B .(3,+∞) C .(-∞,2)D .(-∞,1)解析:D [令t =2-4+3>0,求得<1,或>3, 故函数的定义域为{|<1,或>3},且y =ln t .由二次函数的性质得,t 在区间(-∞,1)上为减函数,在区间(3,+∞)为增函数, 又y =ln t 在t ∈(0,+∞)上为增函数,根据复合函数单调性的判断方法,知函数y =ln (2-4+3)的单调减区间为(-∞,1).]4.已知f ()=⎩⎨⎧3a -1x +4a ,x <1,log a x ,x ≥1是(-∞,+∞)上的减函数,那么a 的取值范围是( ) A .(0,1)B.⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,13C.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫17,13 D.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫17,1 解析:C[由题意知⎩⎨⎧3a -1<0,0<a <1,3a -11+4a ≥log a 1,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a <13,0<a <1,a ≥17,所以17≤a <13.故选C.]5.已知函数f ()=2-2a +a 在区间(-∞,1)上有最小值,则函数g ()=f xx在区间(1,+∞)上一定( )A .有最小值B .有最大值C .是减函数D .是增函数解析:D [由题意知a <1,∴g ()=f x x =+ax-2a ,当a <0时,显然g ()在区间(1,+∞)上单调递增,当a >0时,g ()在[a ,+∞)上是增函数,故在(1,+∞)上为增函数,∴g ()在(1,+∞)上一定是增函数.]6.(2019·日照市模拟)已知奇函数f ()为R 上的减函数,若f (3a 2)+f (2a -1)≥0,则实数a 的取值范围是________.解析:∵奇函数f ()为R 上的减函数, ∴不等式f (3a 2)+f (2a -1)≥0,等价为f (3a 2)≥-f (2a -1)=f (1-2a ),即3a 2≤1-2a ,即3a 2+2a -1≤0,得(a +1)(3a -1)≤0,得-1≤a ≤13,即实数a 的取值范围是⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-1,13.答案:⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-1,137.设函数f ()=ax +1x +2a 在区间(-2,+∞)上是增函数,那么a 的取值范围是________.解析:f ()=ax +2a 2-2a 2+1x +2a =a -2a 2-1x +2a,定义域为(-∞,-2a )∪(-2a ,+∞), ∵函数f ()在区间(-2,+∞)上是增函数,∴⎩⎨⎧ 2a 2-1>0-2a ≤-2即⎩⎨⎧2a 2-1>0a ≥1,解得a ≥1.答案:[1,+∞)8.(2019·沈阳市一模)已知函数f ()=|log 3|,实数m ,n 满足0<m <n ,且f (m )=f (n ),若f ()在[m 2,n ]的最大值为2,则nm=________.解析:∵f ()=|log 3|,正实数m ,n 满足m <n ,且f (m )=f (n ),∴-log 3m =log 3n ,∴mn =1. ∵f ()在区间[m 2,n ]上的最大值为2,函数f ()在[m 2,1)上是减函数,在(1,n ]上是增函数, ∴-log 3m 2=2,或log 3n =2.若-log 3m 2=2是最大值,得m =13,则n =3,此时log 3n =1,满足题意条件.此时n m =3÷13=9.同理:若log 3n =2是最大值,得n =9,则m =19,此时-log 3m 2=4,不满足题意条件. 综合可得 m =13,n =3,nm =9.答案:9 9.已知f ()=xx -a(≠a ),(1)若a =-2,试证f ()在(-∞,-2)内单调递增;(2) 且f ()在(1,+∞)内单调递减,求a 的取值范围. 解:(1)证明:任取1<2<-2, 则f (1)-f (2)=x 1x 1+2-x 2x 2+2=2x 1-x 2x 1+2x 2+2.∵(1+2)(2+2)>0,1-2<0, ∴f (1)<f (2).∴f ()在(-∞,-2)内单调递增. (2)任设1<1<2,则f (1)-f (2)=x 1x 1-a -x 2x 2-a=a x 2-x 1x 1-a x 2-a.∵a >0,2-1>0,∴要使f (1)-f (2)>0,只需(1-a )(2-a )>0恒成立,∴a ≤1. 综上所述知a 的取值范围是(0,1].10.(2019·西安市模拟)已知定义在R 上的函数f ()满足: ①f (+y )=f ()+f (y )+1,②当>0时,f ()>-1. (1)求f (0)的值,并证明f ()在R 上是单调增函数. (2)若f (1)=1,解关于的不等式f (2+2)+f (1-)>4. 解:(1)令=y =0得f (0)=-1. 在R 上任取1>2, 则1-2>0,f (1-2)>-1.又f (1)=f ((1-2)+2)=f (1-2)+f (2)+1>f (2), 所以,函数f ()在R 上是单调增函数. (2)由f (1)=1,得f (2)=3,f (3)=5. 由f (2+2)+f (1-)>4得f (2++1)>f (3),又函数f ()在R 上是增函数,故2++1>3,解得<-2或>1, 故原不等式的解集为{|<-2,或>1}.[能力提升组]11.(2019·天津市一模)已知函数f ()是定义在R 上的偶函数,且在区间[0,+∞)上对于任意两个不相等的实数1,2恒有f x 1f x 2x 1-x 2<0成立,若实数a 满足f (log 6a )≥f (-1),则a 的取值范围是( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤16,6 B.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫16,+∞ C .(0,6]D .(-∞,6]解析:A [根据题意,函数f ()在区间[0,+∞)上有f x 1f x 2x 1-x 2<0成立,则函数f ()在区间[0,+∞)上是减函数,又函数f ()为偶函数,则f (log 6a )≥f (-1)等价于f (|log 6a |)≥f (1), 即|log 6a |≤1,解得-1≤log 6a ≤1,所以16≤a ≤6.]12.设函数y =f ()在(-∞,+∞)内有定义.对于给定的正数,定义函数f ()=⎩⎨⎧f x f x ≤k ,k ,f x >k ,取函数f ()=2-||.当=12时,函数f ()的单调递增区间为( ) A .(-∞,0) B .(0,+∞) C .(-∞,-1)D .(1,+∞)解析:C [由f ()>12,得-1<<1.由f ()≤12,得≤-1或≥1.所以f 12()=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2-x ,x ≥1,12,-1<x <1,2x,x ≤-1.故f 12()的单调递增区间为(-∞,-1).]13.对于任意实数a ,b ,定义min{a ,b }=⎩⎨⎧a ,a ≤b ,b ,a >b .设函数f ()=-+3,g ()=log 2,则函数h ()=min{f (),g ()}的最大值是________.解析:依题意,h ()=⎩⎨⎧log 2x ,0<x ≤2,-x +3,x >2.当0<≤2时,h ()=log 2是增函数,当>2时,h ()=3-是减函数,∴h ()在=2时,取得最大值h (2)=1.答案:114.已知f ()是定义在[-1,1]上的奇函数,且f (1)=1,若a ,b ∈[-1,1],a +b ≠0时,有f af ba +b>0成立.(1)判断f ()在[-1,1]上的单调性,并证明它;(2)解不等式:f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +12<f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x -1;(3)若f ()≤m 2-2am +1对所有的a ∈[-1,1]恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围. 解:(1)任取1,2∈[-1,1],且1<2, 则-2∈[-1,1],∵f ()为奇函数, ∴f (1)-f (2)=f (1)+f (-2) =f x 1f x 2x 1x 2·(1-2),由已知得f x 1fx 2x 1x 2>0,1-2<0,∴f (1)-f (2)<0,即f (1)<f (2). ∴f ()在[-1,1]上单调递增. (2)∵f ()在[-1,1]上单调递增,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x +12<1x -1,-1≤x +12≤1,-1≤1x -1≤1.∴-32≤<-1.所以,不等式的解集为⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫x |-32≤x <-1.(3)∵f (1)=1,f ()在[-1,1]上单调递增. ∴在[-1,1]上,f ()≤1. 问题转化为m 2-2am +1≥1, 即m 2-2am ≥0,对a ∈[-1,1]恒成立. 设g (a )=-2m ·a +m 2≥0.①若m =0,则g (a )=0≥0,对a ∈[-1,1]恒成立.②若m ≠0,则g (a )为a 的一次函数,若g (a )≥0,对a ∈[-1,1]恒成立,必须有g (-1)≥0且g (1)≥0,∴m≤-2或m≥2.∴m的取值范围是m=0或m≥2或m≤-2.第3节 函数的奇偶性与周期性学生用书 课时冲关六[基础训练组]1.(2019·呼和浩特市一模)下列函数中,既是偶函数又在(-∞,0)上单调递减的函数是( ) A .y =-3 B .y =2|| C .y =-2D .y =log 3(-)解析:B [选项A ,函数是奇函数,不满足条件;选项B ,函数是偶函数,当<0时,y =2||=2-=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12是减函数,满足条件;选项C ,函数是偶函数,当<0时,y =-2=1x 2是增函数,不满足条件;选项D ,函数的定义域为(-∞,0),不关于原点对称,为非奇非偶函数,不满足条件.故选B.]2.(2019·赣州市一模)已知偶函数f ()在[0,+∞)单调递减,f (2)=0,若f (-1)>0,则的取值范围是( )A .(3,+∞)B .(-∞,-3)C .(-∞,-1)∪(3,+∞)D .(-1,3)解析:D [由偶函数f ()在[0,+∞)单调递减,f (2)=0,得f ()=f (||),因为f (-1)>0,则f (|-1|)>f (2),即|-1|<2,解得-1<<3,即的取值范围是(-1,3).故选D.]3.(2019·保定市一模)已知函数f ()=⎩⎨⎧1,x >0-1,x <0,设g ()=f xx 2,则g ()是( ) A .奇函数,在(-∞,0)上递增,在(0,+∞)上递增 B .奇函数,在(-∞,0)上递减,在(0,+∞)上递减 C .偶函数,在(-∞,0)上递增,在(0,+∞)上递增 D .偶函数,在(-∞,0)上递减,在(0,+∞)上递减解析:B [根据题意,g ()=f xx2=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1x 2,x >0,-1x 2,x <0,其定义域关于原点对称.设>0,则-<0,g (-)=-1x 2=-1x 2=-g ();设<0,则->0,g (-)=1x2=1x2=-g (),故g ()为奇函数.又g ()=1x2=-2在区间(0,+∞)上递减,则g ()在(-∞,0)上也递减.故选B.]4.已知f ()=lg ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫21-x +a 是奇函数,则使f ()<0的的取值范围是( ) A .(-1,0) B .(0,1)C .(-∞,0)D .(-∞,0)∪(1,+∞)解析:A [∵f ()=lg ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫21-x +a 是奇函数, ∴f (-)+f ()=lg ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫21+x +a +lg ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫21-x +a =0,解得a =-1,即f ()=lg 1+x 1-x ,由f ()=lg1+x 1-x <0,得0<1+x1-x<1,解得-1<<0,故选A.]5.(2019·安庆市模拟)定义在R 上的奇函数f ()满足:f (+1)=f (-1),且当-1<<0时,f ()=2-1,则f (log 220)等于( )A.14 B .-14C .-15D.15解析:D [∵f (+1)=f (-1),∴函数f ()是周期为2的周期函数, 又∵log 232>log 220>log 216,∴4<log 220<5,∴f (log 220)=f (log 220-4)=f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫log 254=-f ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫-log 254.又∵∈(-1,0)时,f ()=2-1,∴f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-log 254=-15,f (log 220)=15.故选D.]6.已知f (),g ()分别是定义在R 上的奇函数和偶函数,且f ()-g ()=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,则f (1),g (0),g (-1)之间的大小关系是________.解析:在f ()-g ()=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12中,用-替换,得f (-)-g (-)=2,由于f (),g ()分别是定义在R 上的奇函数和偶函数,所以f (-)=-f (),g (-)=g (),因此得-f ()-g ()=2.于是解得f ()=2-x -2x2,g ()=-2-x +2x 2,于是f (1)=-34,g (0)=-1,g (-1)=-54,故f (1)>g (0)>g (-1).答案:f (1)>g (0)>g (-1)7.(2019·惠州市模拟)已知函数f ()=2-2-,则不等式f (2+1)+f (1)≥0的解集是________. 解析:根据题意,有f (-)=2--2=-(2-2-)=-f (),则函数f ()为奇函数, 又函数f ()在R 上为增函数,f (2+1)+f (1)≥0等价于f (2+1)≥-f (1),即f (2+1)≥f (-1),所以2+1≥-1,解得≥-1,即不等式的解集为[-1,+∞). 答案:[-1,+∞)8.(2019·泰安市模拟)定义在R 上的函数f ()满足f (+y )=f ()+f (y ),f (+2)=-f ()且f ()在[-1,0]上是增函数,给出下列几个命题:①f ()是周期函数;②f ()的图像关于=1对称;③f ()在[1,2]上是减函数;④f (2)=f (0),其中正确命题的序号是________(请把正确命题的序号全部写出;).解析:f (+y )=f ()+f (y )对任意,y ∈R 恒成立.令=y =0, 所以f (0)=0.令+y =0,所以y =-,所以f (0)=f ()+f (-). 所以f (-)=-f (),所以f ()为奇函数.因为f ()在∈[-1,0]上为增函数,又f ()为奇函数,所以f ()在[0,1]上为增函数. 由f (+2)=-f ()⇒f (+4)=-f (+2)⇒f (+4)=f (),所以周期T =4,即f ()为周期函数.f (+2)=-f ()⇒f (-+2)=-f (-).又因为f ()为奇函数,所以f (2-)=f (),所以函数关于=1对称. 由f ()在[0,1]上为增函数,又关于=1对称,所以f ()在[1,2]上为减函数. 由f (+2)=-f (),令=0得f (2)=-f (0)=f (0). 答案: ①②③④9.已知函数f ()=⎩⎨⎧-x 2+2x ,x >0,0,x =0,x 2+mx ,x <0是奇函数.(1)求实数m 的值;(2)若函数f ()在区间[-1,a -2]上单调递增,求实数a 的取值范围. 解:(1)设<0,则->0,所以f (-)=-(-)2+2(-)=-2-2. 又f ()为奇函数,所以f (-)=-f (), 于是<0时,f ()=2+2=2+m , 所以m =2.(2)由(1)知f ()在[-1,1]上是增函数,要使f ()在[-1,a -2]上单调递增.结合f ()的图像知⎩⎨⎧a -2>-1,a -2≤1,所以1<a ≤3,故实数a 的取值范围是(1,3].10.已知函数f ()是定义在R 上的奇函数,且它的图像关于直线=1对称. (1)求证:f ()是周期为4的周期函数;(2)若f ()=x (0<≤1),求∈[-5,-4]时,函数f ()的解析式. 解:(1)证明:由函数f ()的图像关于直线=1对称, 有f (+1)=f (1-),即有f (-)=f (+2). 又函数f ()是定义在R 上的奇函数, 故有f (-)=-f ().故f (+2)=-f (). 即f ()是周期为4的周期函数.(2)由函数f ()是定义在R 上的奇函数,有f (0)=0. ∈[-1,0)时,-∈(0,1],f ()=-f (-)=-x . 故∈[-1,0]时,f ()=-x . ∈[-5,-4]时,+4∈[-1,0],f ()=f (+4)=--x -4.从而,∈[-5,-4]时,函数f ()=--x -4.[能力提升组]11.函数f ()满足f ()·f (+2)=13,若f (1)=2,则f (99)等于( ) A .13 B .2 C.213D.132解析:D [∵f ()·f (+2)=13,∴f (+2)=13f x,则f (+4)=13f x +2=1313f x=f (),故函数f ()的周期为4, ∴f (99)=f (3)=13f 1=132.]12.(2019·佛山市一模)已知f ()=2+a2x 为奇函数,g ()=b -log 2(4+1)为偶函数,则f (ab )=( )A.174B.52 C .-154D .-32解析:D [根据题意,f ()=2+a2x 为奇函数,则有f (-)+f ()=0,即(2-+a2-x )+⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +a 2x =0,解得a =-1.因为g ()=b -log 2(4+1)为偶函数,则g ()=g (-), 即b -log 2(4+1)=b (-)-log 2(4-+1),解得b =1,则ab =-1,f (ab )=f (-1)=2-1-12-1=-32.]13.若函数f ()是定义在R 上的偶函数,且在区间[0,+∞)上是单调增函数.如果实数t 满足f (ln t )+f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫ln 1t <2f (1)时,那么t 的取值范围是________.解析:因为函数f ()是偶函数,所以f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫ln 1t =f (-ln t )=f (ln t )=f (|ln t |).则有f (ln t )+f ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫ln 1t <2f (1),即2f (ln t )<2f (1),等价于f (|ln t |)<f (1),因为函数f ()在区间[0,+∞)上是单调增函数,所以|ln t |<1,解得1e<t <e.答案:⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1e ,e14.设f ()是(-∞,+∞)上的奇函数,f (+2)=-f (),当0≤≤1时,f ()=. (1)求f (π)的值;(2)当-4≤≤4时,求f ()的图像与轴所围成图形的面积; (3)写出(-∞,+∞)内函数f ()的单调区间. 解:(1)由f (+2)=-f (),得f (+4)=f [(+2)+2]=-f (+2)=f (),∴f ()是以4为周期的周期函数. ∴f (π)=f (-1×4+π)=f (π-4)=-f (4-π)=-(4-π)=π-4. (2)由f ()是奇函数与f (+2)=-f (), 得f [(-1)+2]=-f (-1)=f [-(-1)], 即f (1+)=f (1-).从而可知函数y =f ()的图像关于直线=1对称.又当0≤≤1时,f ()=,且f ()的图像关于原点成中心对称,则f ()的图像如图所示.设当-4≤≤4时,f ()的图像与轴围成的图形面积为S ,则S =4S △OAB =4×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12×2×1=4.(3)函数f ()的单调递增区间为[4-1,4+1](∈), 单调递减区间为[4+1,4+3](∈).第4节 二次函数与幂函数 学生用书 课时冲关七[基础训练组]1.(2019·呼和浩特市模拟)已知点⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a ,18在幂函数f ()=(a -1)b 的图像上,则函数f ()是( )A .定义域内的减函数B .奇函数C .偶函数D .定义域内的增函数解析:B [∵点⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a ,18在幂函数f ()=(a -1)b 的图像上,∴a -1=1,解得a =2,∴2b =18,解得b =-3,∴f ()=-3,∴函数f ()是定义域上的奇函数,且在(-∞,0),(0,+∞)上是减函数.] 2.(2019·唐山市一模)已知a =3-23,b =2-43,c =ln 3,则( )A .a <c <bB .a <b <cC .b <c <aD .b <a <c解析:D [∵a =3-23,b =2-43=4-23,又y =-23在(0,+∞)上单调递减.∴b <a <1,又c =ln 3>1,则b <a <c ,故选D.]3.幂函数y =m 2-4m (m ∈)的图像如图所示,则m 的值为( )A .0B .1C .2D .3解析:C [∵y =m 2-4m (m ∈)的图像与坐标轴没有交点, ∴m 2-4m <0,即0<m <4, 又m ∈,∴m =1或2或3 又∵函数的图像关于y 轴对称, ∴m 2-4m 为偶数,因此m =2.]4.已知函数f ()=a 2+(a -3)+1在区间[-1,+∞)上单调递减,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .[-3,0) B .(-∞,-3] C .[-2,0]D .[-3,0]解析:D [当a =0时,f ()=-3+1,满足题意;当a >0时,函数f ()在对称轴右侧单调递增,不满足题意;当a <0时,函数f ()的图像的对称轴为=-a -32a,∵函数f ()在区间[-1,+∞)上单调递减,∴-a -32a≤-1,得-3≤a <0.综上可知,实数a 的取值范围是[-3,0].]5.(2018·黔东南州一模)二次函数y =-2-4(>-2)与指数函数y =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12的交点个数有( )A .3个B .2个C .1个D .0个解析:C [因为二次函数y =-2-4=-(+2)2+4(>-2),且=-1时,y =-2-4=3,y =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12=2,则在坐标系中画出y =-2-4(>-2)与y =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12的图像:由图可得,两个函数图像的交点个数是1个.]6.若函数f ()=2-a -a 在区间[0,2]上的最大值为1,则实数a 等于________.解析:函数f ()=2-a -a 的图像为开口向上的抛物线,∴函数的最大值在区间的端点取得,∵f (0)=-a ,f (2)=4-3a ,∴⎩⎨⎧ -a >4-3a ,-a =1或⎩⎨⎧-a ≤4-3a ,4-3a =1,解得a =1. 答案:17.已知幂函数y =m 2-2m -3(m ∈N +)的图像与轴、y 轴无交点且关于原点对称,则m =________.解析:由题意知m 2-2m -3为奇数且m 2-2m -3<0,由m 2-2m -3<0得-1<m <3,又m ∈N +,故m =1,2.当m =1时,m 2-2m -3=1-2-3=-4(舍去). 当m =2时,m 2-2m -3=22-2×2-3=-3, ∴m =2.。

第一部分 专题一 识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音

第一部分  专题一 识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音

读①,“巷道”读②。再如“号”字也有两个读音,①读
“háo”,动词;②读“hào”,名词;作动词,只有“标
上记号,切(脉搏)”两个义项。由此可知,“号啕”读①,
“号称”(以某种名号宣称)读②,“号召”(像号声一样
地召唤)读②,“号角”读②,“号叫”读①。
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3.联想推断法
多音字、形声字、形近字的读音易出现模糊不清的 现象,采用此种方法可由已知推出未知,由此词的读音 联想到彼词的读音,或将试题中的字或词语的读音置换 到另一个语境,然后加以分辨。
如2010年天津高考题中“扺掌而谈”的“扺”读“zhǐ”,
而“大抵”的“抵”则读“dǐ”。 2.偏旁不同造成的形近字 这类形近字往往读音相同或相近,更是考查的重点。 如:2011年安徽高考题中“砥”和“抵”都读“dǐ”,
“蔼”和“霭”都读“ǎi”,而2011年广东高考题中“歼”
和“忏”分别读“jiān”和“chàn”,“挠”和“娆”分 别读“náo”和“ráo”。
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C.徇 私/殉 情 . . 下载 /风雪载 途 . . D.调 试/调 和 . . 瘦削 /削 足适履 . .
震颤 /颤 巍巍 . . 差 可告慰/差 强人意 . . 刹 车 /刹 那间 . . 方兴未艾 /自怨自艾 . .
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解析:A项,jí/jiâ,ɡē/ɡā,fân,qū/qǔ;B项, lǚ/lïu,mï/mú,qī/xī,qiánɡ/qiǎnɡ;C项,xùn, chàn,zài,chā;D项,tiáo,shā/chà,xuē,ài/yì。
返回
解析:A.miù/mïu,lîu,mā/mî;B.qǐ/jī,pì,pí/bì; C.chà/zhà,qì/qiâ,mí/mǐ;D.jì,chuàng/chuāng, kēnɡ/hàng。 答案: C

(高中物理)高考复习冲关习题第10章第2讲一卷冲关的课后练案

(高中物理)高考复习冲关习题第10章第2讲一卷冲关的课后练案

高考复习冲关习题:第10章第2讲一卷冲关的课后练案一、选择题(此题包括10小题,每题5分,共50分)1.为确定以下露置于空气中的物质是否变质,所选检验试剂(括号内物质)不能到达目的的是( )A.NaOH溶液[Ba(OH)2溶液]B.FeSO4溶液(KSCN溶液)C.KI溶液(淀粉溶液)D.Na2SO3溶液(BaCl2溶液)解析:A选项中,假设NaOH溶液变质,必是吸收空气中的CO2生成Na2CO3溶液,滴加Ba(OH)2溶液,生成白色沉淀。

B选项中,假设FeSO4溶液变质,那么被空气中的氧气氧化,生成Fe2(SO4)3溶液,滴加KSCN溶液,溶液立即变为红色。

C选项中,假设KI溶液变质,那么被空气中的氧气氧化为I2,滴加淀粉溶液,溶液立即变蓝色。

而D选项中,不管Na2SO3溶液是否变质,滴加BaCl2溶液,都会生成白色沉淀。

所以只有D选项不能到达目的。

答案:D2.(·检测)只用试管和胶头滴管就可以鉴别的以下各组溶液是( )①AlCl3溶液和NaOH溶液②Ca(HCO3)2溶液和NaOH溶液③NaAlO2溶液和盐酸④Al2(SO4)3溶液和氨水⑤AgNO3溶液和氨水A.①③⑤B.①②③C.②③④ D.③④⑤解析:满足相互滴加时现象不同那么满足题意:①中假设AlCl3溶液中逐滴参加NaOH溶液,开始时有沉淀生成,反之那么开始时无沉淀生成。

③中假设NaAlO2溶液中逐滴参加盐酸,开始时有沉淀生成,反之那么开始时无沉淀生成。

⑤中假设AgNO3溶液中逐滴参加氨水,开始时有沉淀生成,反之那么开始时无沉淀生成。

故①③⑤正确。

而②和④中溶液互滴,现象相同——即开始和整个过程中都产生白色沉淀。

答案:A3.(·调研)根据以下实验内容得出的结论正确的选项是( )选项实验内容结论A 某物质的水溶液能使红色石蕊试纸变蓝该物质一定是氨气B 某气体能使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝该气体一定是氯气C 某物质的水溶液中参加盐酸产生无色无气味气体该溶液一定含有大量碳酸根离子D 向铁和稀硝酸反响后的溶液中滴加KSCN溶液,反响后溶液中肯定有Fe3+,可能还溶液显红色有Fe2+解析:A项,只要是碱性溶液均可;B项,只要是氧化性气体均可,如NO2、溴蒸气;C 项,HCO-3也可能;D项正确。

2022高考复习冲关习题第1章第4讲一卷冲关的课后练案

2022高考复习冲关习题第1章第4讲一卷冲关的课后练案

一、选择题(此题包括10小题,每题5分,共50分)1.容量瓶上需要标有:①温度,②浓度,③容量,④压强,⑤刻度线,⑥碱式或酸式六项中的()A.①③⑤B.②④⑥C.③⑤⑥D.①②③解析:容量瓶上标有:温度、容量和刻度线。

答案:A2.(2022·杭州模拟)以下列图分别是温度计、量筒、滴定管的一局部,下述读数(虚线刻度)及说法正确的选项是()A.①是量筒,读数为2.5 mLB.②是温度计,读数是2.5℃C.③是滴定管,读数是3.5 mLD.②是量筒,读数为2.5 mL解析:量筒无0刻度,滴定管0刻度在上方。

依图示分析①②③依次为温度计、量筒、滴定管,读数分别为2.5℃,2.5 mL,2.50 mL。

答案:D3.(2022·聊城模拟)在200 mL某硫酸盐溶液中,含有1.5 N A个硫酸根离子(N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值),同时含有N A个金属离子。

那么该硫酸盐的物质的量浓度为() A.2 mol·L-1B.2.5 mol·L-1C.5 mol·L-1D.7.5 mol·L-1解析:由题意可知SO2-4与金属离子数目之比为3∶2,设金属用M表示,那么硫酸盐的化学式为M2(SO4)3,可知该盐溶液中含0.5 mol M2(SO4)3,那么c[(M2(SO4)3]=0.5 mol=2.50.2 L mol·L-1。

答案:B4.(2022·安阳模拟)使用Na2CO3·10H2O晶体配制0.1 mol·L-1的Na2CO3溶液,其正确的方法是()A.称取该晶体28.6 g溶于1 L水中B.称取10.6 g该晶体,溶于水制成1 L溶液C.将该晶体加热除去结晶水,称取10.6 g溶于水中制成1 L溶液D.称取该晶体28.6 g溶于水中制成1 L溶液解析:A项中水为1 L,所配溶液的体积不一定为1 L。

B项10.6 g Na2CO3·10H2O中Na2CO3的物质的量小于0.1 mol 。

部编人教版三年级语文上册第一、二单元期末复习闯关作业设计【含参考答案】

部编人教版三年级语文上册第一、二单元期末复习闯关作业设计【含参考答案】

部编人教版三年级语文上册第一、二单元期末复习闯关作业设计【含参考答案】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PAGE第第PAGE 1 页共NUMPAGES 3 页学校_____班级_____姓名_____考号________………………………………………………………装……………………………………订……………………………线学校_____班级_____姓名_____考号________………………………………………………………装……………………………………订……………………………线…………………………………(时间:90分满分:100分)第一部分:积累运用(41分)一、根据拼音写字词。

(9分)二、选择题。

下面各小题均有A、B、C、D四个备选答案,请按题目要求选择一个正确的答案,将字母填在“()”里。

(15分)1.下面词语中的带点字与“放假”的“假”读音相同的是( )A.假山B.假如C.假期D.真假2.下列词语中,带点字注音错误的一项是( )A.衣裳(shɑnɡ)B.坪坝(bèi)C.背诵(sòng)D.挨打(ái)3.“臂”字可能与下面哪个字的读音相同?( )A.殿B.省C.壁D.月4.用部首查字法查下列带点字,部首错误的一项是( )A.碰触(虫) B.早晨(日) C.严厉(厂) D.所以(户)5.下列词语中,有错别字的一项是( )A.口干舌燥 B.张牙舞爪 C.眼急手快 D.提心吊胆6.下列四组词语中,不是反义词的是( )A.安静——热闹B.糊涂——清楚C.飘动——飘扬D.落下——升起7.以下说法中有误的一项是( )A.《花的学校》的作者是印度的泰戈尔。

B.《大青树下的小学》是吴然写的。

C.《所见》的作者是清代的查慎行。

2024《试吧大考卷》二轮专题闯关导练英语【新高考】高考模拟冲关卷(四)含答案

2024《试吧大考卷》二轮专题闯关导练英语【新高考】高考模拟冲关卷(四)含答案

2024《试吧大考卷》二轮专题闯关导练英语【新高考】高考模拟冲关卷(四)高考模拟冲关卷(四)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does the woman think of Bob?A.Honest. B.Helpful. C.Troublesome.2.How are the speakers going to work?A.By taxi. B.By bus. C.By subway.3.Where will the woman live next year?A.Outside the school. B.In the dormitory. C.Unknown.4.What is the relationship between the two speakers?A.Husband and wife. B.Employer and employee.C.Waiter and customer.5.How much should the woman pay?A.$20. B.$72. C.$90.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.What does the woman want to do?A.Make some copies. B.Buy a copy machine.C.Use the washing machine.7.How can the woman learn to use the machine?A.By reading a post online. B.By learning from the man.C.By reading the instructions herself.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

新高考生物课后分层检测案10 光合作用(一)

新高考生物课后分层检测案10 光合作用(一)

新高考生物课后分层检测案10 光合作用(一)[基础巩固练]——学业水平一、二考点一色素的提取和分离1.下列关于“绿叶中色素的提取和分离”实验的说法,正确的是()A.提取液呈绿色是由于含有的叶绿素a和叶绿素b较多B.胡萝卜素处于滤纸条最上方,是因为其在提取液中的溶解度最高C.色素带的宽窄反映了色素在层析液中溶解度的大小D.滤纸条上没有色素带,说明实验材料可能为黄化叶片2.[2022·黑龙江实验中学高三阶段测试]提取新鲜菠菜叶的叶绿体色素,用圆形滤纸层析法分离色素,实验装置如图。

正确的层析结果是(深色圈表示色素环)()A. B.C. D.3.[经典高考]如图为某次光合作用色素纸层析的实验结果,样品分别为新鲜菠菜叶和一种蓝藻经液氮冷冻研磨后的乙醇提取液。

下列叙述正确的是()A.研磨时加入CaCO3过量会破坏叶绿素B.层析液可采用生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲液C.在敞开的烧杯中进行层析时,需通风操作D.实验验证了该种蓝藻没有叶绿素b考点二光合作用过程(Ⅱ)4.下列关于高等植物光合作用的叙述,错误的是()A.光合作用的暗反应阶段不能直接利用光能B.红光照射时,胡萝卜素吸收的光能可传递给叶绿素aC.光反应中,将光能转变为化学能需要有ADP的参与D.红光照射时,叶绿素b吸收的光能可用于光合作用5.[经典高考]光反应在叶绿体类囊体上进行,在适宜条件下,向类囊体悬液中加入氧化还原指示剂DCIP,照光后DCIP由蓝色逐渐变为无色,该反应过程中()A.需要ATP提供能量B.DCIP被氧化C.不需要光合色素参与D.会产生氧气6.[2022·福建厦门湖滨中学阶段检测]光合作用通过密切关联的两大阶段——光反应和暗反应来实现。

下列对于改变反应条件而引起相关变化的说法中,正确的是()A.突然中断CO2供应,会暂时引起叶绿体基质中C5/C3的值减小B.突然中断CO2供应,会暂时引起叶绿体基质中ATP/ADP的值增大C.突然将红光改变为绿光,会暂时引起叶绿体基质中C3/C5的值减小D.突然将绿光改变为红光,会暂时引起叶绿体基质中ATP/ADP的值减小7.如图表示光合作用过程,a、b、c表示物质,甲、乙表示场所,下列有关分析,错误的是()A.物质b可能是ADP和PiB.物质c直接被还原生成(CH2O)和C5C.甲中色素不溶于水,只溶于有机溶剂D.乙中生理过程在有光、无光条件下都可进行8.德国科学家恩格尔曼设计了一个实验以研究光合作用的光谱。

第三部分 第四讲 定语从句

第三部分   第四讲   定语从句


需要,of which/of whom前可带有some/any/few/several/ 高
法 基

many/most/all/both/none/neither/each/half/one/two等词 真
础 初
或形容词最高级。
题 体


Today there are many people who smoke in the world,






础 4.as常用在as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as I 题



remember (it), as (it) appears等结构中。

Jack has won the first prize, as it often happens.

难 在动词的后面。

课 下 冲 关 演 练
This is the little boy that you have been looking for.
这就是你一直寻找的那个小男孩。
译林版英语(湖南专版)
第三部分 第四讲 定语从句
语 (2)关系代词的选择

法 基
介词后作宾语的关系代词一般来讲有两个:指人时只能
突 格为whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系

重 代词和关系副词有三个作用:①引导定语从句;②指代先

难 点
行词;③在定语从句中作成分。
课 下 冲 关 演 练
译林版英语(湖南专版)
第三部分 第四讲 定语从句

第十章 大题冲关滚动练之十 化学实验大题

第十章 大题冲关滚动练之十 化学实验大题

大题冲关滚动练之十——化学实验大题1.某研究性学习小组组装了下图所示的装置制备ClO2气体(加热装置用“△”表示),反应原理为饱和草酸溶液与KClO3粉末在60 ℃时反应制得ClO2(温度过高或过低都会影响制气效率)。

已知:①ClO2是一种黄绿色有刺激性气味的气体,熔点-59 ℃,沸点11.0 ℃。

②草酸是酸性强于醋酸的二元弱酸,对应的钙盐(CaC2O4)不溶于醋酸,能溶于强酸,它还是一种还原性较强的物质。

(1)写出制备ClO2的化学方程式:KClO3+____H2C2O4===____KHCO3+____ClO2↑(2)A装置中还缺少的一样仪器名称是________,B装置的作用是______________。

(3)C装置吸收尾气后,溶液中含有NaOH、NaClO2、NaClO3等溶质,小组成员认为C中还可能含有Na2CO3,试分析可能的原因是_____________________________。

(4)小组成员查资料得知“菠菜中富含可溶性草酸盐和碳酸盐”,他将菠菜研磨成汁、热水浸泡、过滤得到溶液,调节溶液呈碱性,加入足量的CaCl2溶液,产生白色沉淀,过滤、洗涤,沉淀备用,对生成的沉淀进行探究。

①提出合理假设假设1:只存在CaCO3;假设2:既存在CaCO3,也存在CaC2O4;假设3:_______________________________________________________。

②基于假设2,设计实验方案,进行实验。

请将实验步骤以及预期现象和结论填入下表。

限选实验试剂:1 mol·L-1 H2SO4溶液、0.1 mol·L-1 HCl溶液、0.01 mol·L-1 KMnO4溶液、澄清石灰水。

(2)温度计将ClO2冷凝收集(3)过量的草酸与KHCO 3反应,逸出的CO 2与NaOH 溶液反应生成Na 2CO 3(或因KClO 3具有较强氧化性,将草酸氧化成CO 2,逸出的CO 2与NaOH 溶液反应生成Na 2CO 3)(4)①只存在CaC 2O 4②2水解原理,以及用文字表达分析解决问题的过程,并做出合理解释的能力。

四年级数学下册第10单元总复习图形与几何1基础练习和能力闯关作业课件新人教版

四年级数学下册第10单元总复习图形与几何1基础练习和能力闯关作业课件新人教版

4
∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4 ∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4= 180°-60°=120° ∠2+∠4=120°÷2=60° ∠5=180°-60°=120° 答:∠5是120°.

9、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考 的方法 。2021 /5/420 21/5/4T uesday , May 04, 2021

10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出 的人谈 话。202 1/5/42 021/5/4 2021/5 /45/4/2 021 12:36:18 PM

11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡 。2021/ 5/4202 1/5/420 21/5/4 May-21 4-May-21

12、越是无能的人,越喜欢挑剔别人 的错儿 。2021/ 5/4202 1/5/420 21/5/4 Tuesda y, May 04, 2021

13、知人者智,自知者明。胜人者有 力,自 胜者强 。2021/ 5/4202 1/5/420 21/5/4 2021/5/ 45/4/2 021

14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中 像泥块 一样任 意揉捏 。2021 年5月4 日星期 二2021/ 5/4202 1/5/420 21/5/4

15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自 我。。2 021年5 月2021 /5/420 21/5/42 021/5/ 45/4/20 21
图形与几何(1)
1 6
2 1
10
BD AC
∠1=360°-90°-90°-100°=80°
180°-90°-25°=65° ∠2=180°-90°-65°=25°
(180°-90°)÷(1+5)=15° 15°×5=75° 答:这两个锐角分别是15°和75°.

高三人教版语文一轮复习课时冲关十图文转换训练(一) 表文转换+Word版含答案.doc

高三人教版语文一轮复习课时冲关十图文转换训练(一) 表文转换+Word版含答案.doc

课时冲关十图文转换训练(一)表文转换1.(导学号42136197)下面是某单位“迎春联谊”活动的初步构思框架,请把这个构思写成一段话,要求内容完整,表述准确,语言连贯,不超过84个字。

答:_______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:本次“迎春联谊”活动计划分别在室内和室外进行。

室内活动首先由领导致辞,然后自由选择参加棋牌、品茗或乒羽活动;室外活动是在农庄垂钓和采摘蔬果,晚上在烧烤场开篝火晚会。

2.下面是我校某班级“爱心义卖”活动的构思框架,请把这个构思写成一段话,要求内容完整,表述准确,语言连贯,不超75个字。

答:_______________________________________________________________________ 答案:本次“爱心义卖”活动全班分为6个小组,以组为单位准备所需物品,要求全员参与,班长负责组织;各组摆摊开展班级义卖,才艺展示,并参加游园活动。

3.中国将于2022 年左右建成空间站,下面是中国空间站的构想图,请把这个构想写成一段话,要求内容得当,表述准确,语言连贯,不超过85个字。

答:_______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:(示例)中国空间站,将建造一个核心舱和两个实验舱;建成后,将开展空间科学研究和新技术研究实验,以及在太空轨道上进行对地观测和太空观测,为科技发展做贡献。

高考语文艺考生文化课百日冲关课时作业第三部分 考点十一 图文转换

高考语文艺考生文化课百日冲关课时作业第三部分 考点十一 图文转换

1.请依据下面的示意图,简要介绍“嫦娥五号”返回器落地的过程。

不超过70个字。

解析:本题要求简要介绍“嫦娥五号”返回器落地的过程。

解答此题时,首先从题干找到叙述对象“返回器”,然后根据图中内容,从上至下、从左至右地依次介绍“返回器”的落地过程,不要丢失有关“返回器”落地过程中的任何环节;最后作答时要适当合并步骤,并使用一些表示顺序的词语连接相关内容,语言做到简洁凝练,还要注意字数要求。

答案:返回器在外层空间注入导航参数后与服务舱分离,服务舱机动规避,返回器进入大气层黑障区后立即跳出,而后第二次进入,然后开伞,着陆,最后搜索回收。

2.下面是某社区卫生服务中心的新冠病毒疫苗接种流程图,请你根据这个图转写成一则广播稿,供服务中心负责人播报。

要求内容完整,表述准确,语言连贯,不超过160个字。

解析:这是一个结构流程图,需要学生结合流程图的标题和箭头的提示进行转换。

题干要求写成一则广播稿,需要注意语句不要太长,不要出现谐音理解的错误。

根据箭头提示可知:“新冠病毒疫苗接种”首先需要到候诊区进行排队,然后查看相关提示和注意事项;接着到登记区进行预检,接受医务工作人员的询问,最后签名确认;然后分为两种情况,如果符合接种条件,就要到接种区,先完成“三查七对一验证”,然后接种,接着打印接种凭证,并和医生预约好下次接种时间;最后到留观区,如果有问题,出现了异常反应,一定要及时报告给医务人员,如果没有问题,观察30分钟即可离开;而有接种禁忌或需要暂缓接种的,需要听取医学建议后再行离开。

答案:示例:各位接种人员:请大家先到候诊区排队并查看注意事项;随后按顺序到登记区预检,接受医生询问并签名确认;如有接种禁忌或需要暂缓接种,请听取医学建议后离开,如正常请到接种区完成“三查七对一验证”后接种疫苗,接种后打印接种凭证,并请预约好下次接种时间;最后请到留观区留观30分钟,如有异常请及时告知医护人员,无异常即可离开。

3.下面是某班级老师指导学生“共读一本书”活动的流程图,请把这个流程写成一段话,要求内容完整,表述准确,语言连贯,不超过90个字。

最新整理六年级语文教案-《课后练习1》教案B

最新整理六年级语文教案-《课后练习1》教案B

六年级语文教案——课后练习1 教案B第二课时教学要求:1.理解、熟记并会运用12个成语。

2.读背示儿这首古诗,并理解诗意。

教学重点:理解、熟记并会运用12个成语。

教学难点:理解成语、示儿这首古诗的诗意。

教学过程:一、教学第五题1.审题。

2.指导。

(1)学生自由读,不认识的字可以查字典或问老师。

(2)教师范读正音。

(3)学生自由读,要求一边读一边思考这些成语的大概意思。

(4)同桌讨论每条成语的大概意思。

(5)学生练说这些成语的意思,教师重点讲解以下几条成语的意思:赴汤蹈火:汤,开水。

蹈,踩。

形容不避艰险,奋勇向前。

叱咤风云:叱咤,怒喝。

一声怒喝就使风云变色,形容声势威力极大。

卓尔不群:卓尔,超出一般的样子。

不群,跟一般人不一样。

超出寻常,与众不同。

3.练习。

(1)自由读。

(2)同桌互相练背二、教学第六题1.审题。

指名读题。

告诉学生,这是南宋爱国诗人陆游的一首诗。

2.指导。

(1)让学生小声地、自由地练读,要求读通,读顺,读正确。

(2)指名试读,教师注意纠正字音。

(3)教师范读。

(4)让学生试说诗的大意。

(5)让学生自由朗读,边读边体会这首诗表达了诗人什么思想感情。

(引导学生从诗句中体会诗人渴望收复失地、统一祖国的爱国热情。

)(6)指导学生朗读。

死去/元知//万事空,但悲/不见//九州同。

王师/北定//中原日,家祭/无忘//告乃翁。

3.练习。

(1)自由练读、指名读、齐读。

(2)指名试背、全班背诵。

第三课时教学要求:1.通过训练,学生能在被别人误会的时候保持冷静,态度诚恳、心平气和地把事情的原委向对方说清楚。

2.学写毛笔字。

教学重点:通过口语交际训练,学会解释。

教学难点:通过口语交际训练,学会解释。

教学过程:一、教学第七题。

1、创设情境,导入新课激趣引入主题:同学们,你们被人误会过吗你当时是怎样向他人解释的呢说给同学们听一听。

2、明确目标,落实要求(1)进入新课,学生读题,明确本次口语交际的要求。

(2)同学们都知道了单小英的这种解释不好,那么我们一起来帮助她,看看怎样解释才能让老师接受呢(3)在学生讨论的根底上,师生共同归纳。

高考语文总复习 第二编第三部分第十章优化演练知能闯关 新人教版(通用)

高考语文总复习 第二编第三部分第十章优化演练知能闯关 新人教版(通用)

介绍一个最喜欢的设计师英语作文全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1My Favorite Designer: Coco ChanelHave you ever heard of Coco Chanel? She was a famous fashion designer who lived a long time ago. I think she's the best designer ever! Let me tell you all about her.Coco Chanel was born in France in 1883. That's a really long time ago – over a hundred years! Her real name was Gabrielle, but everyone called her Coco. When she was young, her mom died, and her dad had to send her to an orphanage run by nuns. Can you imagine growing up without your parents? That must have been so hard.But Coco was tough. At the orphanage, she learned how to sew. The nuns there wore simple black and white clothes, and that's why Coco loved those colors her whole life. When she grew up, she used lots of black and white in her designs.After leaving the orphanage, Coco worked all kinds of jobs to make money. She was a singer in music halls for a while, andthat's where she got her nickname "Coco." Later, she opened her first clothing shop in Paris. It was very small at first, but people quickly fell in love with her unique style.Coco had a gift for creating stylish yet comfortable clothes that were easy to move around in. Back then, most women's fashion was all frills, lace, and tight corsets that made it hard to breathe! Coco's designs were simple, elegant, and let women's bodies be free.One of her most famous inventions was the little black dress. Before Coco, colored dresses were for the day, and you had to wear long gowns at night. But Coco said a short, simple black dress was perfect for any occasion. She made black dresses popular and chic.Coco also designed lots of other iconic looks. Her tweed suits with the classic Chanel skirt-suits helped define modern professional wear for women. She popularized the tan look by letting models get some sun. And her Chanel No. 5 perfume is still one of the best-selling perfumes today!But Coco's fashion was about more than just looking pretty. She designed clothes to give women freedom and confidence. "I freed the body," she once said. Her casual chic styles let women ditch those heavy, uncomfortable fashions of the past. WithChanel fashions, women could be elegant while also being comfortable and active.Coco Chanel herself was such a strong, independent woman. She never married and didn't have kids, which was very unusual back then. She just focused on building her fashion empire and living life on her own terms. Even though she came from humble beginnings, she became a powerful businesswoman and one of the richest people in the world at the time.I really admire how bold and pioneering Coco was. She challenged all the old fashions and ideas about how women should look and act. With her timeless, modern designs, she didn't just make clothes – she made a whole new attitude and lifestyle for women. Coco once said, "A woman who cuts her hair is about to change her life." Well, I think women who wear Chanel change their lives too!Coco Chanel passed away in 1971 when she was 87 years old. But her fashions and her fierce, free spirit still inspire people all over the world today. To me, Coco Chanel will always be the most brilliant, revolutionary designer there ever was. She's an icon and a total boss lady! Every time I see those classic interlocked C's, I'm reminded of how one very special woman taught us all to be confident, courageous, and absolutely chic.篇2My Favorite Designer: Alexander McQueenHi there! My name is Emily, and I'm going to tell you all about my favorite fashion designer, Alexander McQueen. I know what you're thinking – how does a kid like me know about high fashion designers? Well, let me tell you, fashion is my passion, and Alexander McQueen is my absolute hero!Ever since I was a little girl, I've been fascinated by the world of fashion. I used to spend hours flipping through my mom's fashion magazines, mesmerized by the stunning designs and the stories behind them. That's when I first discovered Alexander McQueen, and I was instantly captivated by his bold,avant-garde creations.Alexander McQueen was born in London in 1969, and from a very young age, he showed a natural talent for design. He even made his first jacket at the tender age of 16! After attending some of the most prestigious fashion schools in the world, he launched his own label in 1992, and the rest, as they say, is history.What I love most about Alexander McQueen's designs is their uncompromising originality. He wasn't afraid to push theboundaries and challenge the status quo. His collections were always a feast for the senses, combining elements of art, drama, and pure creativity. From his iconic "bumster" pants to his breathtaking "Voss" collection inspired by a post-apocalyptic world, every piece was a work of art.But Alexander McQueen wasn't just a designer; he was a storyteller. Each of his collections told a unique tale, transporting the audience to distant lands, mythical realms, or dark, twisted worlds. His shows were truly theatrical experiences, complete with intricate sets, dramatic lighting, and mesmerizing choreography.One of my favorite McQueen collections is the "Voss" collection from 2001. Inspired by a dystopian future, the collection featured exquisite dresses made from razor-clam shells, feathers, and even medical slides. The models walked down the runway wearing striking antler headdresses, their faces obscured by intricate masks. It was a haunting yet beautiful display of McQueen's unparalleled creativity and attention to detail.Another collection that left a lasting impression on me was the "Widows of Culloden" from 2006. Paying homage to the Scottish women who lost their husbands in the Battle ofCulloden, the collection featured exquisite tartan designs and intricate lace detailing. The models walked with solemn grace, their faces painted with tears, evoking a sense of sorrow and resilience.But Alexander McQueen's legacy extends far beyond his groundbreaking designs. He was a true visionary who challenged the boundaries of fashion and pushed the industry to new heights. His untimely passing in 2010 left a void in the fashion world, but his influence continues to inspire designers and fashionistas alike.So, why is Alexander McQueen my favorite designer? It's simple – he dared to dream, to create, and to challenge the status quo. His designs were more than just clothes; they were works of art that told stories, evoked emotions, and pushed the boundaries of what was possible in fashion. And for a kid like me, that's the kind of inspiration and creativity I aspire to in my own life.Who knows, maybe one day I'll become a famous fashion designer myself, following in the footsteps of my hero, Alexander McQueen. But for now, I'll continue to admire his genius, study his collections, and let my imagination run wild. Because in the world of fashion, anything is possible, and Alexander McQueenproved that with every daring, breathtaking creation he brought to life.篇3My Favorite Designer: Coco ChanelHi, my name is Emma, and I'm 9 years old. Today, I want to tell you about my favorite fashion designer, Coco Chanel. She was a really cool lady who lived a long time ago, but her designs are still super popular today!Coco Chanel was born in France in 1883. Can you imagine how different the world was back then? There were no cell phones, no computers, and no video games! Coco had a tough childhood. Her mom died when she was just a little girl, and her dad had to send her and her sisters to an orphanage run by nuns. That's where she learned how to sew, which would become very important later on.When Coco grew up, she wanted to be a singer and performer. She even had a nickname, "Coco," which came from a song she used to sing called "Ko Ko Ri Ko." But she didn't become a super famous singer. Instead, she opened a hat shop in Paris in 1910. That's where her fashion career really took off!Coco Chanel was unlike any other designer at the time. Most women's clothes were really fancy and hard to move around in. Coco wanted to create clothes that were comfortable and practical, but still stylish. She loved simple, clean lines and didn't like a lot of frills and ruffles.One of her most famous inventions was the Chanel suit. It had a boxy jacket and a straight skirt, and it was made of soft jersey fabric. This was revolutionary because most women's suits at the time were super stiff and uncomfortable. Coco's suits were perfect for busy women who needed to move around and get things done.Another Chanel classic is the little black dress. Can you believe that before Coco, it was considered scandalous for women to wear black dresses? Black was only worn for mourning. But Coco thought black was chic and elegant, and her little black dress became an iconic piece that every woman should have in her closet.Coco also popularized costume jewelry made of fake pearls and gemstones. Real jewelry was really expensive, so Coco's affordable yet stylish pieces made fashion more accessible to everyday women.One of my favorite Chanel designs is her perfume, Chanel No. 5. It's been around for almost 100 years, and it's still one of the most popular perfumes in the world! Coco believed that a woman should wear perfume wherever she goes, even if she's just staying at home. She wanted women to feel confident and beautiful all the time.Coco Chanel was a true trailblazer in the fashion world. She wasn't afraid to break the rules and do things her own way. She once said, "I don't do fashion, I am fashion." That's how confident and bold she was!But Coco wasn't just a fashion icon; she was also a strong, independent woman who lived life on her own terms. At a time when many women were expected to stay at home and take care of their families, Coco was running her own business and making her own money. She never got married or had children because she was too busy pursuing her dreams.Coco once said, "A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous." I think that's the perfect way to describe her and her designs. Her clothes were classy and elegant, but they also had a fun, fabulous flair that made women feel confident and stylish.Even though Coco Chanel lived a long time ago (she died in 1971 at the age of 88), her legacy lives on today. Every time I seesomeone wearing a Chanel suit, a little black dress, or a string of pearls, I think of Coco and how she revolutionized fashion for women. She proved that clothes don't have to be uncomfortable or impractical to be beautiful and stylish.If I could meet Coco Chanel today, I would give her a big hug and thank her for inspiring me to be bold, confident, and true to myself – just like she was. Fashion is about more than just clothes; it's about expressing your personality and feeling good about yourself. And that's why Coco Chanel will always be my favorite designer.篇4My Favorite Designer: Coco ChanelHi everyone! My name is Emma and I'm going to tell you all about my favorite fashion designer of all time - Coco Chanel! She was an amazing woman who changed how ladies dress forever. Get ready to learn some really cool facts about the iconic Coco.Coco Chanel was born Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel on August 19, 1883 in Saumur, France. Her mom worked in a hospice and her dad delivered groceries. Sadly, when Coco was only 12 years old, her mom passed away. Her dad then sent her and her two sisters to live in an orphanage run by nuns called the ObedienceConvent. That's where she learned how to sew! The nuns there wore plain black and white clothes, which inspired Coco's signature simple and streamlined designs later in life.When Coco was 18, she left the orphanage. She started working as a singer in clubs around France, performing lively French songs called "caf'concs". The club crowds nicknamed her "Coco" which was a popular name for young French girls back then. Coco herself said "Nothing is more Parisian than that name!" The "Coco" name stuck with her for the rest of her glamorous life.In 1909, Coco met and started dating a wealthy Frenchex-military officer named Etienne Balsan. He was super rich and liked to spoil Coco with the finest clothes, jewels, and living at his fabulous château in the French countryside. It was there that Coco got her first taste of the luxurious lifestyle she craved. She started designing and making her own hats, which were very different from the big, heavy hats ladies wore back then. Coco's hats were lighter, more simple, and closer to her signature style.A few years later in 1913, Coco's life changed forever when she was romantically involved with her next wealthy boyfriend, Arthur "Boy" Capel. Boy really believed in Coco's talents as a designer. In 1910, he loaned her enough money to open her veryfirst millinery shop at 21 Rue Cambon in Paris! This chic Paris address would become world famous as her flagship boutique for the House of Chanel.At her shop, Coco's unique hats became all the rage with trendy Parisian ladies. Her hats were soft, light, and fuss-free. This reflected her personal style philosophy of clothes being comfortable, functional, and liberating for women in that era. In 1915, she branched out beyond hats into clothes, launching her first true clothing collection. Her designs de-emphasized curves and featured boxy jackets and straight skirts, which was radically different than the tight corsets most women wore. Comfort over curves was Coco's motto!The clothes flew off the racks as wealthy Parisian socialites went gaga for Chanel's practical yet chic designs. They appreciated how easy the loose-fitting clothes were to wear and move around in. Coco also popularized using jersey knit, a stretchy fabric that was normally only worn by men and the working class at the time. She put jersey in elegant dresses that kept their shape without being too confining. So avant garde!In the 1920s, Coco coined her signature "Chanel Look" after being inspired by the easy, relaxed style of Bohemian actresses from France. This look included a straight box-shaped dress anda collarless jacket trimmed in braid. She accessorized with long ropes of pearls and a soft leather handbag with a chain strap. This became THE look that timeless Coco Chanel style was built upon and is still recreated in modern Chanel collections today.Probably Coco's most iconic product ever was her legendary Chanel No. 5 perfume introduced in 1921. The scent was a completely new kind of perfume developed by a perfumer named Ernest Beaux. Unlike most perfumes of the time that were very floral, Chanel No. 5 had notes of jasmine, rose, sandalwood, and vanilla that blended beautifully together. Coco wanted the perfume to smell like a "composition" rather than any single flower.The sleek, minimalist bottle design of No. 5 matched Coco's modern aesthetic perfectly - a simple, rectangular glass bottle with the iconic white label and black text spelling out its name. It was just as revolutionary as her simple yet sophisticated clothing designs. When it first launched, Chanel No. 5 was the height of luxury and glamour. Movie stars and nobility around the world splurged on the lavish but wearable perfume. A century later, Chanel No. 5 continues reigning as one of the best-selling and most iconic fragrances on the planet!Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Coco's fashion empire kept growing. She opened her first jewelry boutique on Rue Cambon in 1924. Her sparkling accessories featured rocks like pearls and colored gemstones set in gold and platinum. Coco always said, "Before you leave the house, look in the mirror and take one thing off." This became her motto for accessorizing with just a few well-chosen, high quality pieces so you look polished rather than overdone.By 1935, Coco had also released her first Chanel makeup line with rouge and lipsticks in stylish black and white cases. Chanel became one of the first high fashion houses to offer accessories like cosmetics, jewelry, and fragrance too. What an empire she built!Sadly in 1939, World War II broke out in Europe. It caused Coco to close up her Paris fashion house for over a decade. But she bounced back in a major way after the war ended in the 1950s by updating her looks for a new generation. Coco's youthful, vibrant styles like her iconic Chanel suit with the trim boxy jacket and A-line skirt were hugely influential on 1950s and 1960s fashion all around the world.Coco Chanel passed away in 1971 at the incredible age of 87. But the fashion house she created continues thriving to this day,run by new designers who aim to carry on Coco's revolutionary style vision with modern updates for each new decade. Her pioneering sense of fashion, confidence, and independence made Coco Chanel one of the most groundbreaking designers of the 20th century!Doesn't Coco Chanel sound like such an interesting and inspiring woman? I really admire how she defied expectations in her era for how ladies should dress and act. She was a total trailblazer who made clothes to liberate women rather than restrict them. Her fashions let ladies be comfortable, casual, and move freely while still looking polished and chic.Coco's minimalist, modern styles were revolutionary for their times but also proved to be so timeless that her classic pieces like Chanel suits, little black dresses, strands of pearls, and Chanel No. 5 scent are still popular over a century later! Talk about an enduring fashion legacy. No wonder Coco Chanel is one of the most legendary and influential designers in fashion history.I hope you enjoyed learning all about the incredible life and creative genius of my favorite designer, Coco Chanel! Let me know if you have any other questions. I'm always happy todiscuss style icons and fashion trailblazers like the iconic Mademoiselle Chanel!篇5My Favorite Designer: Zaha HadidHi everyone! My name is Emma, and I'm going to tell you about my favorite architect and designer, Zaha Hadid. She was really cool and made some awesome buildings that look like they're from the future!Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1950. Her full name is Zaha Hadid Dame Commander. She loved drawing and designing things ever since she was a little kid, just like me! When she was a student, she studied math and then went to universities in Beirut and London to learn about architecture.After she finished school, Zaha started her own architecture firm called Zaha Hadid Architects in 1979. In the beginning, it was really hard for her because not many people wanted to build her super modern and different designs. But she never gave up! She just kept working on incredible projects and making even crazier designs.Finally, in the 1990s, people started to see how amazing Zaha's buildings were. She got hired to design the Vitra Fire Station in Germany, and it was built in 1993. It has these awesome sharp angles and looks kind of like a bird getting ready to take off. The firefighters who work there say it's a really fun place!From then on, Zaha became one of the most famous architects in the whole world. She designed buildings all over the place - like the MAXXI National Museum of 21st Century Arts in Rome, Italy and the London Aquatics Centre that was used in the 2012 Olympics! My favorite of her designs is probably the Galaxy SOHO office buildings in Beijing, China. They are these massive curved skyscrapers that kind of swirl around each other. It's so cool!Not only did Zaha make incredible buildings, but she also made lots of furniture, product designs, and sculptures too. My parents have one of her fancy vases that looks like it's made of tangled up ribbons. Whenever I see it, I'm reminded of how creative and different Zaha's mind must have been.Zaha got so many awards and honors for her work during her lifetime. She was the first woman to ever win the Pritzker Architecture Prize, which is like the Nobel Prize for architects anddesigners. The amazing part is that she didn't even start becoming successful until she was in her 60s! She showed that you should never stop following your dreams, no matter how old you are.Sadly, Zaha Hadid passed away in 2016 when she was 65 years old. But her legacy and all of her awesome creations will live on forever. Whenever I see one of her fluid, futuristic designs, I'm reminded that you should never be afraid to think differently and make something unique. Zaha didn't care what other people thought - she just did her own funky thing and changed architecture in the process.I hope that when I grow up, I can be as daring, hardworking, and creative as Zaha Hadid was. She taught me that if you have a vision, you should never let it go. Keep drawing those crazy designs, even if people think you're weird at first. Who knows, maybe you'll end up designing the awesome buildings of the future, just like my favorite architect Zaha!篇6My Favorite Designer: Alexander McQueenHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about my favorite fashion designer, Alexander McQueen. I firstlearned about him when I was watching a documentary with my mom about famous designers. I was completely blown away by his amazing creations!Alexander McQueen was born in 1969 in London, England. Even as a young boy, he was always really interested in clothes and fashion. When he was just 16 years old, he started an apprenticeship on the famous Savile Row, where he learned how to make beautiful handmade suits. Can you imagine being that young and already working on fancy suits for rich people? I'm 10 and I can barely tie my shoes!After finishing his training, McQueen went on to get his masters degree in fashion design. His fashion shows were always huge events that people looked forward to every season. McQueen didn't just make regular clothes - his designs were like works of art! He used crazy patterns, cool designs, and lots of interesting materials like feathers, shells, and even trash bags. One time he even had a model in a glass box surrounded by smoke!McQueen's clothes weren't just pretty to look at though. He always had really deep meanings behind his collections. Like for his famous "Highland Rape" collection, it was about the way the British treated the Scottish people really badly in the past. Andhis "Dante" collection was inspired by the torture scenes from the medieval poem Inferno. I know, it sounds pretty spooky for clothes! But that's why he was considered a true artist, not just a designer.My personal favorite collection from McQueen is called "Voss". It was inspired by a famous Australian explorer lady and had all these amazing dresses made out of fresh flowers and plants! Can you imagine wearing a dress made out of fresh red roses? It would be so heavy but also so beautiful and smell incredible. For the finale, he even had a model in a glass box surrounded by moths. It must have been breathtaking to see in person!Sadly, Alexander McQueen passed away in 2010 at the young age of 40. He had struggled with depression and other issues for many years. It was a huge loss for the fashion world - he was one of the most innovative and creative designers ever. But his iconic looks will always be remembered and celebrated. His brand still makes clothes today, overseen by his close friend and collaborator Sarah Burton.Even though McQueen is gone, his designs continue to inspire me and millions of others around the world. His passion, creativity, and courage to really put his heart into every piece iswhat made him a true fashion legend. Whenever I'm feeling uninspired, I look at photos of his mind-blowing shows and it reminds me to always think outside the box and stay true to myself. Fashion is supposed to be daring, dramatic and emotional - just like Alexander McQueen.Who knows, maybe one day I'll be a world-famous designer myself! I've already started sketching some dress ideas featuring my favorite snack...Hot Cheetos. A full gown made out of crunchy bright red Cheetos? Can't you just picture some model fiercely stomping down the runway, leaving a trail of crumbs behind her? It would be iconic. Alexander McQueen paved the way for people to take risks and think differently about fashion. I hope I can follow in his footsteps and create amazing, provocative clothing that makes people feel something deep inside. But for now, I'll keep studying his work and dreaming big!。

苏教版二年级数学上册练习三 模块冲关(一)教案与反思

苏教版二年级数学上册练习三 模块冲关(一)教案与反思

练习三模块冲关(一)
满招损,谦受益。

《尚书》
怀辰学校陈海峰组长
从入口开始计算,答案是下一个算式的第一个数,能回到入口就算胜利。

加油啊,胜利就在前方!请找出你行走的路线。

参考答案
入口处——51-27+28——52-36-5——11+29+4——44-35+79——88-34+18——72-26-12——34-8——26+12-5——33+9-12——30-13+19——36+5-29——
12-6+53——59+27-38——48-36-5——7-2+66——71-25+16
【素材积累】
海明威和他的“硬汉形象”美国作家海明威是一个极具进取精神的硬汉子。

他曾尝试吃过蚯蚓、蜥蜴,摘墨西哥斗牛场亮过相,闯荡过非洲的原始森林,两次世界大战都上了战场。

第一次世界大战时,19岁的他见一意大利士兵负伤,便冒着奥军的炮火上去抢救,结果自己也被炸伤了腿,但他仍背着伤员顽强前进。

突然间,炮击停止,探照灯大亮,海明威终于回到阵地。

原来是他的英勇行为感动了奥军将领,下令放他过去。

〖最新〗部编版语文六下单元冲关卷期中冲关测评(一)(word版有答案)共2篇

〖最新〗部编版语文六下单元冲关卷期中冲关测评(一)(word版有答案)共2篇

统编版六年级语文下册期中试卷(一)班级:姓名:满分:100分考试时间:90分钟(一)读拼音,写词语。

(10分)tōnɡ xiāo tān fàn qī xībàn dǎo kǒnɡ jù()()()()()diān fù pái huái bǎo zànɡ wěn bié yuán liànɡ()()()()()(二)下面词语中加点字的音节,没有错误的一项是( )。

(2分)A.绽.放(dìng) 徘徊.(huái) 饭匙.(chí)B.挪.动(nuó) 栅.栏(zhà) 山脉.(mò)C.旋.风(xuàn)惆.怅(chóu)忠仆.(pú)D.亲戚.(qi)呜咽.(yàn)纤.细(xiān)(三)下面词语中,字形没有错误的一项是( )。

(2分)A.惊惶亲吻依偎挽回消逝B.境地缘故热带袭击防御C.猜相粉碎外套解释腊肉D.骆驼搅和账篷忧郁念叨(四)写出下面事物的寓意。

(6分)1.过年的时候吃鱼:。

2.建筑上雕刻蝙蝠:。

3.元宵点灯:。

(五)根据要求,完成句子练习。

(9分)1.照样子,把句子补充完整。

(5分)例:镇上的人排着队来到撒切尔法官家,搂着两个获救的孩子又亲又吻,……泪水如雨,洒了一地.........。

本句运用了的修辞方法。

(1)这次运动会百米比赛第六名,我伤心得。

(2)运动会八百米比赛获得第二名,我高兴得。

2.以下面的情境,写出自己心情“好”与“不好”时的情感。

(4分)路边的野花(1)心情好: 。

(2)心情不好: 。

(六)判断正误。

正确的画“√”,错误的画“✕”。

(12分)1.读名著,先大致了解它的写作背景,能帮助理解作品的内容和价值。

( )2.“元旦的光景与除夕截然不同”,句中的“元旦”指的是公历一月一日。

高三数学一轮复习 第十章第3课时知能演练轻松闯关 新人教版

高三数学一轮复习 第十章第3课时知能演练轻松闯关 新人教版

2013年高三数学一轮复习 第十章第3课时知能演练轻松闯关 新人教版1.(2011·高考湖南卷)通过随机询问110名性别不同的大学生是否爱好某项运动,得到如下的列联表:由K 2=nad -a +b c +d a +c b +d算得,K 2=-260×50×60×50≈7.8.附表:A .在犯错误的概率不超过0.1%的前提下,认为“爱好该项运动与性别有关”B .在犯错误的概率不超过0.1%的前提下,认为“爱好该项运动与性别无关”C .有99%以上的把握认为“爱好该项运动与性别有关”D .有99%以上的把握认为“爱好该项运动与性别无关”解析:选C.根据独立性检验的定义,由K 2≈7.8>6.635可知我们有99%以上的把握认为“爱好该项运动与性别有关”,故选C.2.已知变量x ,y 之间具有线性相关关系,其回归方程为y ^=-3+bx ,若∑i =110x i =17,∑i =110y i =4,则b 的值为( )A .2B .1C .-2D .-1解析:选A.依题意知,x =1710=1.7,y =410=0.4,而直线y ^=-3+bx 一定经过点(x ,y ),所以-3+b ×1.7=0.4,解得b =2.3根据上表可得回归方程y =b x +a 中的b 为9.4,据此模型预报广告费用为6万元时销售额为( )A .63.6万元B .65.5万元C .67.7万元D .72.0万元解析:选B.∵x =4+2+3+54=72,y =49+26+39+544=42,又y ^=b ^x +a ^必过(x ,y ),∴42=72×9.4+a ^,∴a ^=9.1.∴线性回归方程为y ^=9.4x +9.1.∴当x =6时,y ^=9.4×6+9.1=65.5(万元). 4.下面是一个2×2列联表则表中a 、b 处的值分别为解析:∵a +21=73,∴a =52. 又∵a +2=b ,∴b =54. 答案:52、54一、选择题1.下列说法中正确的有( )①若r >0,则x 增大时,y 也相应增大 ②若r <0,则x 增大时,y 也相应增大③若r =1或r =-1,则x 与y 的关系完全对应(有函数关系),在散点图上各个点均在一条直线上A .①②B .②③C .①③D .①②③解析:选C.r >0,表示两个相关变量正相关,x 增大时,y 也相应增大,故①正确.r <0,表示两个变量负相关,x 增大时,y 相应减小,故②错误.|r |越接近1,表示两个变量相关性越高,|r |=1表示两个变量有确定的关系(即函数关系),故③正确.2.下面关于K 2说法正确的是( )A .K 2在任何相互独立的问题中都可以用于检验有关还是无关B .K 2的值越大,两个事件的相关性就越大C .K 2是用来判断两个分类变量是否相关的随机变量,当K 2的值很小时可以推断两类变量不相关D .K 2的观测值的计算公式是K 2=n ad -bc a+b c +d a +c b +d解析:选B.K 2只适用于2×2型列联表问题,且K 2只能推断两个分类变量相关,但不能推断两个变量不相关.选项D 中K 2公式错误,分子上少了平方.3.已知一组观测值(x i ,y i )作出散点图后确定具有线性关系,若对于y ^=b ^x +a ^,求得b ^=0.51,x =61.75,y =38.14,则回归方程为( )A.y ^=0.51x +6.65B.y ^=6.65x +0.51 C.y ^=0.51x +42.30 D.y ^=42.30x +0.51解析:选A.∵b ^=0.51,a ^=y -b ^x ≈6.65, ∴y ^=0.51x +6.65.4.(2011·高考陕西卷)设(x 1,y 1),(x 2,y 2),…,(x n ,y n )是变量x 和y 的n 个样本点,直线l 是由这些样本点通过最小二乘法得到的线性回归直线(如图),以下结论中正确的是( )A .x 和y 的相关系数为直线l 的斜率B .x 和y 的相关系数在0到1之间C .当n 为偶数时,分布在l 两侧的样本点的个数一定相同D .直线l 过点(x ,y )解析:选D.因为相关系数是表示两个变量是否具有线性相关关系的一个值,它的绝对值越接近1,两个变量的线性相关程度越强,所以A ,B 错误.C 中n 为偶数时,分布在l 两侧的样本点的个数可以不相同,所以C 错误.根据回归直线方程一定经过样本中心点可知D 正确.所以选D.5A .99%B .97.5%C .95%D .90%解析:选A.可计算K 2≈11.377>6.635.故选A. 二、填空题6.如图所示,有5组(x ,y )数据,去掉________组数据后,剩下的4组数据的线性相关性最大.解析:因为A 、B 、C 、E 四点分布在一条直线附近且贴近某一直线,D 点离得远.故应去掉D 点. 答案:D7.某炼钢厂废品率x (%)与成本y (元/t)的线性回归方程为y ^=105.492+42.569x .当成本控制在176.5元/t 时,可以预计生产的1000 t 钢中,约有________t 钢是废品. 解析:∵176.5=105.492+42.569x , ∴x ≈1.668,即成本控制在176.5元/t 时,废品率为1.668%.∴生产的1000 t 钢中,约有1000×1.668%=16.68(t)钢是废品. 答案:16.68 8.某单位为了了解用电量y (千瓦时)与气温x (℃)之间的关系,随机统计了某4天的用电量由表中数据得线性回归方程y =b x +a 中b =-2,预测当气温为-4 ℃时,用电量的度数约为________.解析:x =10,y =40,∵回归方程过点(x ,y ),∴40=-2×10+a ^. ∴a ^=60.∴y ^=-2x +60.令x =-4,得y ^=(-2)×(-4)+60=68. 答案:68三、解答题9.在对人们休闲方式的一次调查中,共调查了124人,其中女性70人,男性54人.女性中有43人主要的休闲方式是看电视,另外27人的休闲方式是运动;男性中有21人主要的休闲方式是看电视,另外33人主要的休闲方式是运动. (1)根据以上数据建立一个2×2列联表;(2)检验性别是否与休闲方式有关,可靠性有多大? 解:(1)2×2(2)k =-270×54×64×60≈6.201>5.024,所以有理由认为休闲方式与性别无关是不合理的,即在犯错误的概率不超过0.025的前提下认为休闲方式与性别有关.10.2011年3月,日本发生了9.0级地震,地震引发了海啸及核泄漏.某国际组织用分层抽样的方法从心理专家、核专家、地质专家三类专家中抽取若干人组成研究团队赴日本工作,有关数据见表1(单位:人).核专家为了检测当地动物受核辐射后对身体健康的影响,随机选取了110只羊进行了检测,并将有关数据整理为不完整的2×2列联表(表2). 表1表2参考公式:K 2=a+b c +d a +c b +d(1)求研究小组的总人数;(2)写出表2中A 、B 、C 、D 、E 的值,并判断有多大的把握认为羊受到高度辐射与身体不健康有关;(3)若从研究团队的心理专家和核专家中随机选2人撰写研究报告.求其中恰好有1人为心理专家的概率.解:(1)依题意知726=48y =24x,解得y =4,x =2.所以研究小组的总人数为2+4+6=12. (2)根据列联表特点得A =50-30=20,B =60-10=50,C =30+B =80,D =A +10=30,E =110.可求得K 2=-250×60×80×30≈7.486>6.635.由临界值表知,有99%的把握认为羊受到高度辐射与身体不健康有关.(3)设研究小组中心理专家为a 1、a 2,核专家为b 1、b 2、b 3、b 4,从中随机选2人,不同的选取结果有:a 1a 2、a 1b 1、a 1b 2、a 1b 3、a 1b 4、a 2b 1、a 2b 2、a 2b 3、a 2b 4、b 1b 2、b 1b 3、b 1b 4、b 2b 3、b 2b 4、b 3b 4,共15种.其中恰好有1人为心理专家的结果有:a 1b 1、a 1b 2、a 1b 3、a 1b 4、a 2b 1、a 2b 2、a 2b 3、a 2b 4,共8种,所以恰好有1人为心理专家的概率P =815.11.某农科所对冬季昼夜温差大小与某反季节大豆新品种发芽率之间的关系进行分析研究,他们分别记录了12月1日至12月5日的每天昼夜温差与实验室每天每100粒种子中的发芽数,得到如下资料:程,再对被选取的2组数据进行检验.(1)若选取的是12月1日与12月5日的两组数据,请根据12月2日至12月4日的数据,求出y 关于x 的线性回归方程y ^=bx +a ;(2)若由线性回归方程得到的估计数据与所选出的检验数据的误差均不超过2,则认为得到的线性回归方程是可靠的,试问(1)中所得到的线性回归方程是否可靠? 解:(1)由数据,求得x =11+13+123=12,y =25+30+263=27,∑i =13x i y i =11×25+13×30+12×26=977,∑i =13x 2i =112+132+122=434, 所以b =977-3×12×27434-3×122=52, a =y -b x =27-52×12=-3.所以y 关于x 的线性回归方程为y ^=52x -3.(2)当x =10时,y ^=52×10-3=22,|22-23|<2;同样,当x =8时, y ^=52×8-3=17,|17-16|<2, 所以该研究所得到的线性回归方程是可靠的.。

最新部编版语文六下单元冲关卷期中冲关测评(二)(word版有答案)共2篇

最新部编版语文六下单元冲关卷期中冲关测评(二)(word版有答案)共2篇

期中模拟卷时间:90分钟满分:100分第一部分积累与运用(39分)一、根据语境,读拼音,写词语。

(5分)在我军一天一夜不jiàn duàn()的英勇冲锋下,敌军的fáng y ù()全线崩溃,妄图拖延时间的阴谋彻底被fěn suì()了。

躲在后方举行yàn huì()的敌军长官们,感到十分kǒng jù()。

二、选择正确的答案。

(填序号)(20分)1.下列四组词语中,加点字的读音不相同的一项是()A.杂拌.绊.倒半.个B.摊贩.广泛.规范.C.轿.车骄.傲华侨.D.腊.月蜡.烛辣.椒2.下列四组词语中,字形都正确的一项是()A.展览风筝猜想B.寺院轿车帐蓬C.浓绸可靠隔绝D.叹息绯徊搅和3.下面四个汉字中,造字方法与其他三个不同的一项是()A.乏B.控C.剔D.稍4.下列对加点字词的解释,有误的一项是()A.泣涕.零如雨(落下)B.纤纤擢素.手(朴素)C.春城..无处不飞花(春天的京城)D.中庭..地白树栖鸦(庭中,庭院中)5.下列四组词中,相互关系与“赞成——赞同”不相同的一项是()A.搅和——搅拌B.必定——一定C.处境——境遇D.解释——解决6.下列句子中,有语病的一项是()A.观众团团围坐,所有的剧情全靠艺人们用说唱来描述。

B.于是妈妈就如八儿所求的把他抱了起来。

C.他来不及抖掉男孩就飞向了天空。

D.由于没有本子、笔和墨水,使我将没法估算日子。

7.下列四个句子中,标点符号使用正确的是()A.腊月二十三过小年,差不多就是过春节的彩排。

B.张思德同志是为人民利益而死的,他的死是比泰山还要重的。

C.“鲁滨逊漂流记”就是这样一本令人无限回味的书。

D.“不要多嘴。

”法官怒气冲冲的,又拿起他面前那块木板狠狠地拍了几下!8.下列诗句中,具有对仗工整特点的一项是()A.春城无处不飞花,寒食东风御柳斜。

B.千锤万凿出深山,烈火焚烧若等闲。

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一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)
读植被的减水减沙效益图,完成1~3题。

1.植被覆盖率与径流减少率、侵蚀减少率的关系是() A.呈正相关
B.与侵蚀减少率呈正相关,与径流减少率呈负相关
C.呈负相关
D.与侵蚀减少率呈负相关,与径流减少率呈正相关
2.下列关于植被覆盖率的提高对土壤侵蚀和径流量的影响,叙述正确的是()
A.一样大B.对土壤侵蚀影响大
C.对径流量影响大D.无法判断
3.图中反映植被的环境效益是()
A.防风固沙、保护农田
B.吸烟滞尘、净化空气
C.涵养水源、保持水土
D.抑制蒸发、治理盐碱
解析:本题组主要考查植被在治理水土流失中的作用。

从图中可读出植被覆盖率与径流减少率、侵蚀减少率呈正相关,侵蚀减少率受植被覆盖率影响更大,图中体现了植被的涵养水源、保持水土的作用。

答案:1.A 2.B 3.C
水土流失指在水力、重力、风力等外营力和人为因素的综合作用下,水土资源和土地生产力遭受的破坏及损失。

中国是世界上水土流失最为严重的国家之一,黄土高原是中国水土流失最为严重的地区。

据图文材料,回答4~6题。

4.有关水土流失人为原因的说法,正确的是()
A.降水集中和多暴雨是水土流失的主要原因
B.垂直节理发育、土质疏松是黄土高原水土流失的主要原因
C.南方低山丘陵地区水土流失的主要原因是开矿和修建窑洞
D.黄土高原森林、草原大面积被毁和不合理利用土地加剧了水土流失
5.有关坡度与侵蚀强度关系的叙述,正确的是()
A.坡度越大,坡面侵蚀强度越大
B.坡度在40°左右时,坡面侵蚀强度最大
C.坡度在20°时,坡面侵蚀强度最大
D.坡度在40°~90°时,受雨面积增大,使坡面侵蚀强度减小
6.有关治理黄土高原水土流失措施的叙述,正确的是()
A.小流域综合治理的措施,就是大量输沙至下游
B.工程措施主要是植树种草,增加地表植被的覆盖率
C.生物措施指打坝淤地、修筑梯田种庄稼
D.小流域综合治理过程中,生物措施与工程措施应紧密结合
解析:第4题,A、B两项均属自然原因;开矿和修建窑洞属黄土高原水土流失的人为原因。

第5题,据图可知,坡面侵蚀强度与坡度的关系是0~40°,随坡度加大侵蚀强度加大;40°~90°,随坡度加大侵蚀强度减弱,原因是受雨面积减小。

第6题,植树种草是生物措施;打坝淤地、修筑梯田为工程措施;小流域综合治理过程中,生物措施与工程措施应紧密结合。

答案:4.D 5.B 6.D
读图,回答7~8题。

7.图示堤坝的主要作用是()
A.拦沙蓄水B.发电灌溉
C.防洪抗旱D.调节气候
8.在区域整治的过程中,下列各地形部位采取的措施不正确的是()
A.甲——平整土地,建立基本农田
B.乙——封坡育林育草,涵蓄径流
C.丙——修建梯田,发展林果基地
D.丁——疏浚河道,排沙泄洪
解析:由图中经纬度可知该地为黄土高原地区,防治水土流失的措施包括生物措施和工程措施,图中甲处为黄土塬,可平整土地,建设农田;乙和丙都是坡地,但乙处较陡,应种植林草,丙处坡缓,可修水平梯田;丁位于沟底,应以打坝淤地为主,拦沙蓄水。

答案:7.A8.D
(2012·深圳调研)下面是贵州省某山区县1961年和2011年有关情况的统计资料表。

据此回答9~10题。

9.从上表数据分析,呈上升趋势的是()
A.人均耕地面积B.人均森林面积
C.人均水土流失面积D.人均粮食产量
10.与1961年相比,该县2011年雨季地表径流量偏大的原因最可能是()
A.降水量大B.植被破坏严重
C.农业用水量减小D.蒸发量增大
解析:第9题,根据表中数据计算可得,1961年的人均耕地面积约为18.6 km2/万人,2011年的人均耕地面积约为13 km2/万人,人均耕地面积呈下降趋势;森林覆盖率在下降,而人口却在增加,因此人均森林面积呈下降趋势;1961年的人均水土流失面积约为1.44 km2/万人,2011年的人均水土流失面积约为1.70 km2/万人,呈上升趋势;1961年的人均粮食产量约为0.45吨/人,2008年的人均粮食产量约为0.30吨/人,呈下降趋势;故选C。

第10题,
读表格可知,该县2011年的森林覆盖率低于1961年,森林具有涵养水源的功能,森林覆盖率的降低导致森林涵养水源的功能减弱,地表径流的汇集速度加快,最终导致地表径流量增大。

而森林覆盖率的降低主要是过度开垦造成的地表植被破坏,故选B。

答案:9.C10.B
下表为中国径流带主要特征,据此回答11~12题。

11.我国南方低山丘陵地区所对应的径流带及防治的生态环境问题是()
A.甲水土流失B.乙荒漠化
C.丙水土流失D.丁土壤的次生盐碱化
12.表中乙径流带所在地区,国土整治的主要任务是()
A.河流的综合治理B.水土流失的防治
C.土地荒漠化的防治D.中低产田的治理
解析:依据表中的数据可以判断出,甲是缺水带,主要指西北的干旱地区;乙为少水带,主要指我国的半干旱地区;丙和丁主要为多水带和丰水带,主要指我国的湿润地区。

南方低山丘陵地区气候湿润,水土流失严重,而我国的半干旱地区土地荒漠化严重。

答案:11.C12.C
二、综合题(共40分)
13.阅读材料,完成下列问题。

(20分)
材料1:近年来,新疆“红色产业”发展红红火火,“红色产业”是该地区红色农产品及其加工产业的统称,红花、番茄、枸杞是该地区“红色产业”的三大支柱,其中番茄酱是重要的出口创汇产品。

材料2:玛纳斯湖位于古尔班通古特沙漠腹地,20世纪50年代末,由于玛纳斯河流域上游不合理利用水资源,致使玛纳斯河下游断流,玛纳斯湖干涸。

自1999年玛纳斯河流域常年向下游输水以来,玛纳斯湖水域面积不断扩大,玛纳斯湖湿地面积已超过100平方千米。

(1)试述新疆番茄色红、质优的重要自然原因及大力发展“红色产业”可能导致的生态问题。

(10分)
(2)根据所学地理知识分析玛纳斯湖湿地对附近气候和环境的影响。

(10分)
解析:第(1)题,新疆番茄色红、质优主要与气候有关。

大力发展“红色产业”,易造成土地荒漠化和土地盐碱化。

第(2)题,湿地在调节气候、改善生态环境、增加生物多样性等方面会发挥重要作用。

答案:(1)自然原因:日照时间长,光照充足;昼夜温差大,养分积累多。

问题:过度开垦导致土地荒漠化;不合理灌溉导致土地盐碱化。

(2)增加空气的湿度(温差减小),减少沙尘暴发生次数,减轻荒漠化,增加生物多样性(改善生态环境)。

14.阅读材料,完成下列各题。

(20分)
材料1:黄土高原是世界主要的水土流失区。

据中科院黄土高原综合考察队遥感调查计算,黄土高原水土流失的面积约45万平方千米,其中土壤侵蚀强度大于1 000吨/平方千米的面积约29万平方千米。

材料2:下图为黄土高原局部地区示意图。

图中黑色柱状部分代表不同省份土壤侵蚀强度大于500吨/平方千米的侵蚀面积。

(1)黄土高原土壤侵蚀面积的空间分布特征为______________________________
___________________________________________________________________。

(4分)
(2)山西省土壤侵蚀面积较大的自然原因是什么?(6分)
(3)比较工程措施与生物措施在防治水土流失作用中的差异。

(10分)
解析:第(1)题,描述土壤侵蚀面积的空间分布特征,首先需要明确图中各省的地理位置和名称,然后根据图例判断数量差异,并将位置与数量特征结合,总结分布特征。

第(2)题,分析土壤侵蚀的自然原因应考虑气候、地形、土壤等因素。

第(3)题,比较具体措施的差异应考虑水土的运动特点,结合不同措施对水土运动的具体影响分析。

答案:(1)山西、陕西、甘肃土壤侵蚀面积大,而内蒙古、宁夏、河南土壤侵蚀面积小
(2)山西黄土覆盖面积大,属于典型的黄土高原区,黄土土质疏松,遇水易流失;山西降水量较大且集中,多暴雨等。

(3)工程措施,如修建水库等,可短期、直接地防治水土流失;生物措施,如植树种草,可长期、间接地涵养水源、保持水土。

两者配合,才能取得较好的效益。

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