《随堂优化训练》2014-2015学年高中英语(选修7+人教版)配套课件 unit 1 sectio
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注意:当不定式作宾语时,有时我们会用 it 作形式宾语, 而把不定式放到后面。可接 it 作形式宾语的动词有 feel, find, make, think 等。如:
They all find it interesting to have a party in the open air.他们 都觉得在露天开晚会很有趣。
Don't forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
I wish to be a college student. 我希望成为一名大学生。
(2)能接“疑问词+带 to 的不定式”的动词有:decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 等。如:
①He resigned ___a_s____ manager eight years later. ②Many members resigned __f_ro_m____ the club. ③I resign myself ___t_o____ your guidance. ④She resigned her son ___t_o____ her neighbor's care.
Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。
There are so many kinds of cell phones on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
有这么多的手机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。
注意:若不定式修饰的名词是 time, place, way 时,不定式 后面的介词一般要省去。如:
He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱,也没有地方住。
(3) 有些名词常可用不定式作定语,如 way, time, reason, chance, opportunity, need, wish, effort, right, ambition 等。如:
2.作表语 不定式作表语常表示将来的动作或状态。主语多用 aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, job, suggestion, wish, purpose, task 等抽象名词或 what 引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式 说明其内容。如:
My dream is to be a great football player. 我的梦想是成为一名伟大的足球运动员。 3.作宾语 不定式作宾语时有两种情况,一是“动词+带 to 的不定 式”,二是“动词+疑问词+带 to 的不定式”。
The teacher made him say the word like this. 老师让他像这样说这个单词。
(3)作动词 help 的宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 可以省略, 也可以不省略。如:
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?
复习动词不定式的用法 动词不定式在中学英语中的应用非常广泛,它在句中起到 名词、形容词或副词的作用,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、 状语和宾语补足语。 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的形式一般为“to+动词原形”,但 to 有时要 省去。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加 not,即“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式及其短语可以有自己的宾语、状语, 也可以有自己的逻辑主语,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语,是 不定式动作的发出者。
I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
5.为了避免重复,不定式可省去 to。如: I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 对于想什么或说什么,我真的很困惑。
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The teacher decided _t_o_p_u_n_i_s_h (punish) those students who had been late for class. 2.Her job was __t_o_l_o_o_k_ (look) after the sick boy. 3.He used __t_o_g_e_t__ (get) up at 10:00, but now he is used _t_o_g_e_tt_i_n_g (get) up early at 6:00. 4.She likes _s_i_n_g_in_g__ (sing) and we often hear her ___si_n_g___ (sing).
二、动词不定式的时态 动词不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成 进行时四种,常用的为前三种。 1.一般时 不定式的一般时表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动 作同时发生或在其之后发生。如: I plan to attend the meeting.我计划参加这次会议。
2.完成时 不定式的完成时表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前。如:
5.作定语 (1)不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。 如:
I have nothing to say on this question. 对这个问题我无可奉告。
(2)如果不定式中的动词与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关 系且动词为不及物动词时,需用“不定式+介词”的结构,这 种情况下的介词不能省略。如:
注意:当改为被动结构时,不定式要带上 to。如: They were made to give me the money back. 他们被迫把钱还给了我。
2.在固定短语 had better, would rather 等之后。如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 3.在引导疑问句的 why not 之后。“Why not+不带 to 的 不定式”是“Why don't you do...”的省略形式,用来提出建议或劝 告。如:
Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak. 布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
6.作状语 不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中作状语。 (1)作目的状语。如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。 (2)作结果状语。如:
典例 He resigned his directorship and left the firm. 他辞去了董事职务,离开了公司。
拓展 resign from 从……辞去职务 resign as sth.辞去……职务 resign sb.to sb.把某人委托给某人 resign oneself to 听从;顺从 运用 用适当的介词填空
Why not take a holiday?=Why don't you take a holiday?为 什么不休个假呢?
4.不定式动词在介词 but, except, besides 后面时,如果这 些介词前有实义动词 do 的某种形式,则后接不带 to 的不定式, 否则带 to。如:
He wants to do nothing but go out. 他什么都不想做,只想出去。
To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长生命。
不定式结构作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式结 构后置。常用的结构有:
(1)It is/was +adj.+(of/for sb.) to do...
(2)It is +a/an+名词+to do...
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 (3)在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 如:
I'm sorry to hear your grandma is ill. 听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
(4)在含有 enough 或 too 的句子里作状语,表程度。如: He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学年龄了。 (5)强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用“in order to/so as to+动词原形”,但 so as to 不用于句首。如: The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公共汽 车停下来以便接乘客。 四、动词不定式中 to 的省略 1.在 let, make, see, feel, watch, hear 等使役或感官动词后, 要跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。
Our teacher had no time to think about rest. 我们老师根本没时间考虑休息一下。
(4)由 only, last, next, 序数词或形词最高级修饰的名词后 面常用不定式作定语。如:
He was the first guest to arrive. 他是第一个到达的客人。
(3)It takes (sb.) some time/courage/patience...to do... (4)It requires courage/patience/hard work...to do... 如:
It is important for students to study English. 学好英语对学生来说很重要。
He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已经在那家工厂工作 12 年了。
三、动词不定式在句中的作用 1.作主语 不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。如: To live is to work.生活就是工作。
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Wilberforce then resigned from government in 1825 and died in 1833... 威尔伯福斯于 1825 年辞去了政府的职位,并于 1833 年去世……
resign vi.& vt.辞职;辞去(工作、职位等)
I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你久等了。
3.进行时 不定式的进行时表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动 作同时发生。如:
They are said to be working hard. 据说他们工作得很努力。
4.完成进行时 不定式的完成进行时表示不定式的动作在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前已经发生,并且一直进行着。如:
(1)能直接跟带 to 的不定式结构的动词有:want, ask, tell, wish, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come, offer, plan, refuse 等。如:
I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。
4.作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,具体 运用时要注意以下三种情况: (1)作动词 ask, like, tell 等的宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 不可以省略。如:
He asked me to talk about English study. 他请我谈谈英语学习。 (2)作使役动词 let, have, make 以及感官动词 feel, hear, see, watch 等的宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 要省略。如:
They all find it interesting to have a party in the open air.他们 都觉得在露天开晚会很有趣。
Don't forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
I wish to be a college student. 我希望成为一名大学生。
(2)能接“疑问词+带 to 的不定式”的动词有:decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 等。如:
①He resigned ___a_s____ manager eight years later. ②Many members resigned __f_ro_m____ the club. ③I resign myself ___t_o____ your guidance. ④She resigned her son ___t_o____ her neighbor's care.
Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。
There are so many kinds of cell phones on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
有这么多的手机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。
注意:若不定式修饰的名词是 time, place, way 时,不定式 后面的介词一般要省去。如:
He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱,也没有地方住。
(3) 有些名词常可用不定式作定语,如 way, time, reason, chance, opportunity, need, wish, effort, right, ambition 等。如:
2.作表语 不定式作表语常表示将来的动作或状态。主语多用 aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, job, suggestion, wish, purpose, task 等抽象名词或 what 引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式 说明其内容。如:
My dream is to be a great football player. 我的梦想是成为一名伟大的足球运动员。 3.作宾语 不定式作宾语时有两种情况,一是“动词+带 to 的不定 式”,二是“动词+疑问词+带 to 的不定式”。
The teacher made him say the word like this. 老师让他像这样说这个单词。
(3)作动词 help 的宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 可以省略, 也可以不省略。如:
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?
复习动词不定式的用法 动词不定式在中学英语中的应用非常广泛,它在句中起到 名词、形容词或副词的作用,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、 状语和宾语补足语。 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的形式一般为“to+动词原形”,但 to 有时要 省去。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加 not,即“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式及其短语可以有自己的宾语、状语, 也可以有自己的逻辑主语,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语,是 不定式动作的发出者。
I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
5.为了避免重复,不定式可省去 to。如: I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 对于想什么或说什么,我真的很困惑。
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The teacher decided _t_o_p_u_n_i_s_h (punish) those students who had been late for class. 2.Her job was __t_o_l_o_o_k_ (look) after the sick boy. 3.He used __t_o_g_e_t__ (get) up at 10:00, but now he is used _t_o_g_e_tt_i_n_g (get) up early at 6:00. 4.She likes _s_i_n_g_in_g__ (sing) and we often hear her ___si_n_g___ (sing).
二、动词不定式的时态 动词不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成 进行时四种,常用的为前三种。 1.一般时 不定式的一般时表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动 作同时发生或在其之后发生。如: I plan to attend the meeting.我计划参加这次会议。
2.完成时 不定式的完成时表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前。如:
5.作定语 (1)不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。 如:
I have nothing to say on this question. 对这个问题我无可奉告。
(2)如果不定式中的动词与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关 系且动词为不及物动词时,需用“不定式+介词”的结构,这 种情况下的介词不能省略。如:
注意:当改为被动结构时,不定式要带上 to。如: They were made to give me the money back. 他们被迫把钱还给了我。
2.在固定短语 had better, would rather 等之后。如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 3.在引导疑问句的 why not 之后。“Why not+不带 to 的 不定式”是“Why don't you do...”的省略形式,用来提出建议或劝 告。如:
Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak. 布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
6.作状语 不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中作状语。 (1)作目的状语。如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。 (2)作结果状语。如:
典例 He resigned his directorship and left the firm. 他辞去了董事职务,离开了公司。
拓展 resign from 从……辞去职务 resign as sth.辞去……职务 resign sb.to sb.把某人委托给某人 resign oneself to 听从;顺从 运用 用适当的介词填空
Why not take a holiday?=Why don't you take a holiday?为 什么不休个假呢?
4.不定式动词在介词 but, except, besides 后面时,如果这 些介词前有实义动词 do 的某种形式,则后接不带 to 的不定式, 否则带 to。如:
He wants to do nothing but go out. 他什么都不想做,只想出去。
To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长生命。
不定式结构作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式结 构后置。常用的结构有:
(1)It is/was +adj.+(of/for sb.) to do...
(2)It is +a/an+名词+to do...
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 (3)在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 如:
I'm sorry to hear your grandma is ill. 听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
(4)在含有 enough 或 too 的句子里作状语,表程度。如: He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学年龄了。 (5)强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用“in order to/so as to+动词原形”,但 so as to 不用于句首。如: The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公共汽 车停下来以便接乘客。 四、动词不定式中 to 的省略 1.在 let, make, see, feel, watch, hear 等使役或感官动词后, 要跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。
Our teacher had no time to think about rest. 我们老师根本没时间考虑休息一下。
(4)由 only, last, next, 序数词或形词最高级修饰的名词后 面常用不定式作定语。如:
He was the first guest to arrive. 他是第一个到达的客人。
(3)It takes (sb.) some time/courage/patience...to do... (4)It requires courage/patience/hard work...to do... 如:
It is important for students to study English. 学好英语对学生来说很重要。
He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已经在那家工厂工作 12 年了。
三、动词不定式在句中的作用 1.作主语 不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。如: To live is to work.生活就是工作。
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Wilberforce then resigned from government in 1825 and died in 1833... 威尔伯福斯于 1825 年辞去了政府的职位,并于 1833 年去世……
resign vi.& vt.辞职;辞去(工作、职位等)
I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你久等了。
3.进行时 不定式的进行时表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动 作同时发生。如:
They are said to be working hard. 据说他们工作得很努力。
4.完成进行时 不定式的完成进行时表示不定式的动作在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前已经发生,并且一直进行着。如:
(1)能直接跟带 to 的不定式结构的动词有:want, ask, tell, wish, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come, offer, plan, refuse 等。如:
I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。
4.作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,具体 运用时要注意以下三种情况: (1)作动词 ask, like, tell 等的宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 不可以省略。如:
He asked me to talk about English study. 他请我谈谈英语学习。 (2)作使役动词 let, have, make 以及感官动词 feel, hear, see, watch 等的宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 要省略。如: