高中英语教资语法点-从句

名词性从句 Noun clause（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）
定义：A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun in a sentence. Noun clauses will contain a subject and a verb, but they cannot stand alone in a sentence. It must always be paired with a main clause.
1.主语从句 subjective clause
定义：A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. We use it as subject placeholder.结构：
(1)主语从句（subject clause）+谓语（predicate）
例句：what she said is right.
(2)It 形式主语（formal subject）+谓语（predicate）+主语从句
例句：It is important to arrive on time.
2.宾语从句 objective clause
定义：objective clause is clause that acts as an object in a sentence. It often follows a verb. 结构：{subject} + {verb} +(that可省略)+ {object clause}
例句：
I know (that) he is lying.
I didn’t realize (that) I was late.
3.表语从句 predicative clause
定义：A predicative clause is a clause that follows a linking verb（系动词）and describes the subject of the sentence. It may be introduced by conjunctions such as that, whether, as, because, A predicative clause may be introduced by conjunctions（连词）, such as that, whether, as, as if, because, or connectives (连接词). Connectives many be conjunctive pronouns (连接代词)(who, whom, what, whose, which, whoever, whatever) or conjunctive adverbs (连接副词) (where, wherever, when, whenever, how and why).
结构：Subject+ linking verb+ predicative clause
例句：
The regulation was that the first examination should be done in writing.
Our proposal is that you should join in.
Their suggestion was that no one should interfere.
注：if不能引导表语从句。

4.同位语从句 Appositive clause
定义：appositive clause is a clause that explains an abstract noun.
Apposite (同位语) refers to a noun (or noun phase) that sits next to another noun to rename or redescribe it. Often an appositive will just provide bonus information that could be removed without destroying the meaning.
结构：noun (fact, problem, truth, method, idea…) + conjunction +clause
例句：
She made the decision that she would give up.
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
定语从句 relative clause (也叫adjective clause或attributive clause)
定义：Relative clause functions as adjective and it gives us more information about someone or something. We can use relative clauses to combine clauses without repeating information. 类型：
1.限制性定语从句（restrictive relative clause）
If a relative clause provides essential information, if without that, you cannot understand the sentence well, it can be called restrictive relative clause.
2.非限制性定语从句（non-restrictive relative clause）
If a relative clause only provides additional information, if without that, your understanding of the sentence will not be hindered, it can be called non-restrictive relative clause.
特征：
1.It follows relative pronouns(关系代词) (who, whom, whose, that, which) or relative
adverbs (关系副词) (when, where and why).
2.It has subject and verb.
3.It modifies the noun.
例句：
The boy you saw yesterday is my brother.
The girl who is standing under the tree is one of my friends.。