读后续写专项：有关“上升”“下降的表达”课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习
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• 另外，climb 也可以表示“增长”，这个词义与 grow, increase, rise 比较类似：
• Our costs have climbed rapidly in the last few years.
rise
作动词(to increase in amount or number) （数量）增加，增长，提高 v.
建筑费用猛跌下来。 作名词：急剧下降；急转直下；暴跌：
Oil prices took a nosedive in the crisis. 危机期间，石油价格暴跌。
Shrink (to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount)
(使)缩小，收缩，减少 v. eg:The market for their products is shrinking.
past year. • The company's shares dived by 90p to 65p on
the stock market yesterday.
tumble
(to fall rapidly in value or amount) (价格或数量)暴跌，骤降 v.
eg:Oil prices have tumbled. 石油价格猛跌。
市场对他们产品的需求在减少。
collapse
(to decrease suddenly in amount or value) (突然)降价，贬值；暴跌 v.
eg:Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.
• 下降”也有几个常用动词：fall, drop, decrease • 例句1：In 2009, during the global financial crisis,
world GDP fell by only -0.1%.
• 可以看到和“增长”常用的单词一样，fall, drop, decrease 也是和 by, to 搭配。
year.
• 飙升 ：Surge/ skyrocket/ soar
• 参考一下剑桥字典给出的例句：
• Housing prices have skyrocketed in recent months.
• The company's profits have surged.
• House prices soared a further 20 percent.
weaken
(to make sb / sth less strong or powerful; to become less strong or powerful) (使)虚弱，衰弱；减弱；削弱 v.
eg: The team has been weakened by injury. 这个队因伤实力减弱。
本义是指登上高于地面之物，也可指组织开展、 骑上（马）
eg:mount a protest 发起抗议 eg:mount an exhibition 举办展览
eg:He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走了。
• 辨析： • enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
• plunge /plummet /Slump /Dive • Our income has plunged dramatically. • House prices have plummeted in recent
months. • Car sales have slumped dramatically over the
• 而 grow to 是表示“增长到的水平”，即 “增长到......”
• Rise和incease 表示“增长”时用法类似， 可以参考两个剑桥字典的例句：
• Inflation is rising at/by 2.1 percent a month • Our main aim is to increase sales by 12% this
作名词(an increase in value or amount) 增值，增加 n. the dollar's climb against the euro美元对欧元的升值
mount
(to increase gradually) 逐步增加 v. ~up
eg:The death toll continues to mount. 死亡人数持续增加。
作名词(a situation in which sth increases in size) 增加，增强 n.（单数） a growing swell of support 越来越多的支持
Ascend (to rise; to go up) 上升，升高 v. 本义为“攀登”：指不用手攀，一直升到高处，
激增，急剧上升 v.
a surge in consumer spending消费开支的激增 作名词 a surge in/of sth=upsurge *surge 还可以表示
“（强烈情感的）突发”
(a sudden increase of a strong feeling)
eg:She felt a sudden surge of anger. a surge of excitement 一阵兴奋
增加，增强 v. 名词：growth也很常见
swell 作动词(to increase or make sth increase in number
or size) （使）增加，扩大 v. eg:The crowd swelled to around 10,000. 人群扩大到 10,000 人左右。
• The temperature dropped nearly 50 degrees in 24 hours.
• Our share of the market has decreased sharply this year.
• 上面说到，surge/soar/skyrocket可以表示“飙 升”。
p
(to increase the price or amount of sth)
提高（价格/数量）v.
eg: Clean-power stocks are up by 45% this year.
清洁能源类股票今年上涨了45%。
grow
(to increase in size, number, strength or quality)
eg: Sales for this quarter have dipped from 38.7 million to 33 million. 本季度销售额从 3 870 万下降到 3 300 万。
nosedive 作动词(to fall suddenly) 骤降；急剧下跌；暴跌 v. eg:Building costs have nosedived.
缩短；减缩; 限制 v.
eg:Spending on books has been severely curtailed.
购书开支已被大大削减。
plunge
(to decrease suddenly and quickly)
暴跌；骤降；突降 v. 陷入（困境）如何表达？
plunge in ≈ be trapped in ≈ be mired in ≈be stuck in...
也可以指水逆流而上和职场晋升
eg:Mist ascended from the valley. 薄雾从山谷升起。 eg:The air became colder as we ascended. 随着我们往上攀登，空气就寒冷起来。
eg:He ascended a river. 他逆流而上。 ascend the throne上位，登基 名词：ascension
还有一些词可以表示这个意思
如：rush, tug, flush, burst, outburst, explode, fit... eg: a rush of fear/anger a tug of jealousy a flush of anger/embarrassment/guilt a sudden burst of anger/enthusiasm an explosion of laughter an outburst of anger/violent outburst 大发雷霆 a fit of anger/rage/temper/pique（怨恨）
drop
(to become or make sth weaker, lower or less) (使)变弱，降低，减少 v.
drop suddenly / sharply / dramatically 锐减，大幅降低
drop≈fall
curtail
(to limit sth or make it last for a shorter time)
climb 作动词(to increase in value or amount) 上升，升值 v. 本义为“（手脚并用地）爬”，也指运用某种手段或
工具来努力提高、攀登或植物攀缘而上
eg: Harry climbed the stairs. 哈利爬上了楼梯。
eg: The paper's circulation continues to climb. 这份报纸的发行量在继续增长。
• 增长 • “增长”最常用的动词有三个：rise, grow,
increase
• 这三个词的动词用法都比较简单，一般就是和 by, to 搭配使用
• 例句1：The fund expects rich countries to grow by 4.5%, and poorer ones by 6.6%, in 2021.
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。 也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式 用语。 expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或 增加。 increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增 加。 magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大； 也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。 multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指 同类事物数量的成倍增加。 augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加 含量而扩大。
eg:Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
dive (to fall suddenly)突然下降；暴跌 v. dip
(to go downwards or to a lower level; to make sth do this) (使)下降，下沉 v.
• 例句2：Back in January the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was predicting that the global economy would grow at a “sluggish” pace of 3.3% in 2020.
• grow by 表示的是”增长幅度，即“增长 了......”
eg: His authority is steadily weakening. 他的权威日趋减弱。
fall
(to decrease in amount, number or strength) ·(数量)减少，下降；(强度)减小
plummet
(to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position) 暴跌；速降 v.
eg: Unemployment rose(by)3%.
失业人数增长了3%。 作名词(an increase in an amount, a number or a level) （数量或水平的）增加，提高 cn.
a sharp/alarming rise
急剧增长，大幅提高
surge 作动词(to suddenly increase in value)
• Our costs have climbed rapidly in the last few years.
rise
作动词(to increase in amount or number) （数量）增加，增长，提高 v.
建筑费用猛跌下来。 作名词：急剧下降；急转直下；暴跌：
Oil prices took a nosedive in the crisis. 危机期间，石油价格暴跌。
Shrink (to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount)
(使)缩小，收缩，减少 v. eg:The market for their products is shrinking.
past year. • The company's shares dived by 90p to 65p on
the stock market yesterday.
tumble
(to fall rapidly in value or amount) (价格或数量)暴跌，骤降 v.
eg:Oil prices have tumbled. 石油价格猛跌。
市场对他们产品的需求在减少。
collapse
(to decrease suddenly in amount or value) (突然)降价，贬值；暴跌 v.
eg:Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.
• 下降”也有几个常用动词：fall, drop, decrease • 例句1：In 2009, during the global financial crisis,
world GDP fell by only -0.1%.
• 可以看到和“增长”常用的单词一样，fall, drop, decrease 也是和 by, to 搭配。
year.
• 飙升 ：Surge/ skyrocket/ soar
• 参考一下剑桥字典给出的例句：
• Housing prices have skyrocketed in recent months.
• The company's profits have surged.
• House prices soared a further 20 percent.
weaken
(to make sb / sth less strong or powerful; to become less strong or powerful) (使)虚弱，衰弱；减弱；削弱 v.
eg: The team has been weakened by injury. 这个队因伤实力减弱。
本义是指登上高于地面之物，也可指组织开展、 骑上（马）
eg:mount a protest 发起抗议 eg:mount an exhibition 举办展览
eg:He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走了。
• 辨析： • enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
• plunge /plummet /Slump /Dive • Our income has plunged dramatically. • House prices have plummeted in recent
months. • Car sales have slumped dramatically over the
• 而 grow to 是表示“增长到的水平”，即 “增长到......”
• Rise和incease 表示“增长”时用法类似， 可以参考两个剑桥字典的例句：
• Inflation is rising at/by 2.1 percent a month • Our main aim is to increase sales by 12% this
作名词(an increase in value or amount) 增值，增加 n. the dollar's climb against the euro美元对欧元的升值
mount
(to increase gradually) 逐步增加 v. ~up
eg:The death toll continues to mount. 死亡人数持续增加。
作名词(a situation in which sth increases in size) 增加，增强 n.（单数） a growing swell of support 越来越多的支持
Ascend (to rise; to go up) 上升，升高 v. 本义为“攀登”：指不用手攀，一直升到高处，
激增，急剧上升 v.
a surge in consumer spending消费开支的激增 作名词 a surge in/of sth=upsurge *surge 还可以表示
“（强烈情感的）突发”
(a sudden increase of a strong feeling)
eg:She felt a sudden surge of anger. a surge of excitement 一阵兴奋
增加，增强 v. 名词：growth也很常见
swell 作动词(to increase or make sth increase in number
or size) （使）增加，扩大 v. eg:The crowd swelled to around 10,000. 人群扩大到 10,000 人左右。
• The temperature dropped nearly 50 degrees in 24 hours.
• Our share of the market has decreased sharply this year.
• 上面说到，surge/soar/skyrocket可以表示“飙 升”。
p
(to increase the price or amount of sth)
提高（价格/数量）v.
eg: Clean-power stocks are up by 45% this year.
清洁能源类股票今年上涨了45%。
grow
(to increase in size, number, strength or quality)
eg: Sales for this quarter have dipped from 38.7 million to 33 million. 本季度销售额从 3 870 万下降到 3 300 万。
nosedive 作动词(to fall suddenly) 骤降；急剧下跌；暴跌 v. eg:Building costs have nosedived.
缩短；减缩; 限制 v.
eg:Spending on books has been severely curtailed.
购书开支已被大大削减。
plunge
(to decrease suddenly and quickly)
暴跌；骤降；突降 v. 陷入（困境）如何表达？
plunge in ≈ be trapped in ≈ be mired in ≈be stuck in...
也可以指水逆流而上和职场晋升
eg:Mist ascended from the valley. 薄雾从山谷升起。 eg:The air became colder as we ascended. 随着我们往上攀登，空气就寒冷起来。
eg:He ascended a river. 他逆流而上。 ascend the throne上位，登基 名词：ascension
还有一些词可以表示这个意思
如：rush, tug, flush, burst, outburst, explode, fit... eg: a rush of fear/anger a tug of jealousy a flush of anger/embarrassment/guilt a sudden burst of anger/enthusiasm an explosion of laughter an outburst of anger/violent outburst 大发雷霆 a fit of anger/rage/temper/pique（怨恨）
drop
(to become or make sth weaker, lower or less) (使)变弱，降低，减少 v.
drop suddenly / sharply / dramatically 锐减，大幅降低
drop≈fall
curtail
(to limit sth or make it last for a shorter time)
climb 作动词(to increase in value or amount) 上升，升值 v. 本义为“（手脚并用地）爬”，也指运用某种手段或
工具来努力提高、攀登或植物攀缘而上
eg: Harry climbed the stairs. 哈利爬上了楼梯。
eg: The paper's circulation continues to climb. 这份报纸的发行量在继续增长。
• 增长 • “增长”最常用的动词有三个：rise, grow,
increase
• 这三个词的动词用法都比较简单，一般就是和 by, to 搭配使用
• 例句1：The fund expects rich countries to grow by 4.5%, and poorer ones by 6.6%, in 2021.
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。 也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式 用语。 expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或 增加。 increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增 加。 magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大； 也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。 multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指 同类事物数量的成倍增加。 augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加 含量而扩大。
eg:Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
dive (to fall suddenly)突然下降；暴跌 v. dip
(to go downwards or to a lower level; to make sth do this) (使)下降，下沉 v.
• 例句2：Back in January the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was predicting that the global economy would grow at a “sluggish” pace of 3.3% in 2020.
• grow by 表示的是”增长幅度，即“增长 了......”
eg: His authority is steadily weakening. 他的权威日趋减弱。
fall
(to decrease in amount, number or strength) ·(数量)减少，下降；(强度)减小
plummet
(to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position) 暴跌；速降 v.
eg: Unemployment rose(by)3%.
失业人数增长了3%。 作名词(an increase in an amount, a number or a level) （数量或水平的）增加，提高 cn.
a sharp/alarming rise
急剧增长，大幅提高
surge 作动词(to suddenly increase in value)