2019版高考英语创新大一轮浙江专用版学案：选修八 Uni

Unit 2Cloning
Ⅰ.情景默写
1．His new record is much too commercial (商业的)．
2．I would adore (喜爱)to settle back homeland.
3．What a bother (烦扰的事)! We’ve missed the bus.
4．He struck (打)the ball firmly into the back of the net.
5．He gave me a lot of help.I owed (归功)much to him.
6．He cast (投抛)his net far and wide in search of evidence.
7．We have to find ways of overcoming these drawbacks (不利条件)．8．Look，it’s perfectly straightforward (简单)—just multiply everything by five. 9．It’s very disturbing that there i s too much violence in the common media (媒体)．10. Altogether (总共)，there were over 60 teachers against the unnecessary correction.
11．Dr Johnson undertook (承担)the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary last year.
12．Up to now，scientists have made a major breakthrough (突破)in the treatment of the disease.
13．In this school，if you want to go out during school hours，you will need to obtain (获得)permission from the headmaster.
14．Now that I’ve grown up，I object_to (反对)being treated like a child. 15．Wherever you live，there is_bound_to(一定) be something interesting to do. 16．With all the efforts in_vain (白费力气)，he was very desperate，falling ill. 17．She has succeeded.She is pleased that her devotion to studying has paid_off (取得成功)．
18．In making scientific experiments，one should not be cast_down (使沮丧)by temporary setbacks.
19．The house really is in_poor_condition (状况很坏)—it would cost far too much to repair.
20．Traffic accidents happen from_time_to_time (不时)on this road.
Ⅱ.词性转换
1．I didn’t say that I w anted to buy it but merely (mere)asked for the price.
2．His explanation was not reasonable (reason)，so all of us didn’t accept it. 3．Jackie Chan enjoys great popularity (popular)both in Hong Kong and inland. 4．There are some programming errors that need instant correction (correct)．5．Don’t assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume)
6．He retired from the post as a manager.After his retirement，he settled down in a remote village.(retire)
7．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it，while his father objected to it.(object)
8．Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of money，whoever is resistant to it is bound to achieve a lot in their life.(resist)
9．The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge.And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)
10．From the appearance，we can not tell the differences between the twins，though they always have some different ideas.And as for this phenomenon，ideas differ among many people.(differ)
1．句型公式：that引导同位语从句
明天放假的消息不实。

The news that_we_are_having_a_holiday tomorrow is not true.
2．句型公式：that引导表语从句
微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。

The advantage/strength of smiling is that_it_can_not_only make_us_happy but_also please_others．
3．句型公式：whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”
从他脸上我们看不出他是高兴还是难过。

We cannot tell from his face whether_he_is_glad_or_sad．
第一板块核心词汇
1．object vi.反对；不赞成n．物体；目标
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/句型转换
①We object to being_blamed (blame)for something that we haven’t done.
②I no longer have any objection to your going to see her.
③The committee has raised serious objections (object)to the plans.
④I was opposed to paying that much for milk.
→I objected to paying that much for milk.
→I had/made an objection to paying that much for milk.
状元笔记全记牢
(1)object to sb./sth.反对；不赞成某人/某事
object to doing sth.反对做某事
(2)objection n．反对；厌恶
raise an objection to sth.对……提出异议
have/make an/no objection to (doing)sth.对……表示反对/不反对
2．forbid(forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt.禁止；不准
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/句型转换
①We should take measures to forbid returning (return)illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
②In some Chinese restaurants，customers are_forbidden (forbid)to bring their own alcohol and drinks.
③The school forbids the students to_smoke (smoke)．
④My father banned me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.
→My father forbade me to meet my friends online at the Internet café.
→My father forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.
状元笔记全记牢
forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
forbid sb.to do sth.＝forbid sb.from doing sth.
禁止某人做某事
【点津】
forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow，permit，advise等。

3．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/完成句子
①These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
②I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive now.
③Owing_to_(＝Due_to/Because_of)the_bad_weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。

状元笔记全记牢
(1)owe sb.sth.(＝owe sth.to sb.)欠某人某物
owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情
owe sb.an apology该向某人道歉
(2)owe...to...把……归功于……
owe it to sb.that...多亏某人……
(3)owing to...因为；由于
4．bother vt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I’m sorry to bother you with/about so many questions on such an occasion.
②He won’t come，so why bother inviting/to_invite (invite)him?
③It_bothers_me_to_think_of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里我便坐立不安。

状元笔记全记牢
(1)bother sb.with /about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother doing/to do sth.费心做某事
bother about sth.为某事烦恼
It bothers sb.that.../to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……
(2)put sb.to any bother给某人添乱
5．undertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/完成句子
①At last he undertook to_pay (pay)off the debts immediately.
②I_can_undertake_that you will enjoy the play.
我可以保证你会喜欢这个剧。

状元笔记全记牢
undertake a task/responsibility承担任务/责任
undertake to do sth.同意、答应或着手做某事
undertake that...保证……
6．resist vt.抵抗；对抗；抗拒；抵制；忍住
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空
①The boy couldn’t resist showing (show)off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.
②The man resisted being_arrested (arrest)and held off the police for an hour.
状元笔记全记牢
(1)resist (doing)sth.抵制(做)某事
can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth.＝can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
(2)resistance n．抵抗，反抗
7．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清；(付清工资后)解雇
高考必刷题练透
写出下列句子中pay off的含义
①Did your daring plan pay off?取得成功
②Her debts were not fully paid off until last year. 还清
③When the building was completed，he paid off the workers. (付清工资后)解雇
④His hard work in college paid off at last.He has become a famous scientist. 得到回报
状元笔记全记牢
pay back偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
pay for sth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价
pay sb.for sth.因某事物给某人报酬
8．in good/poor condition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/完成句子
①My grandmother takes exercise every day，and she is in good condition now.
②On no condition is smoking permitted in the library.
③You may use this computer，on_condition_that__(＝as_long_as)you_can_use_it properly so as not to damage it.
你可以使用这台电脑，条件是你能恰当地使用它，以免弄坏它。

状元笔记全记牢
(1)out of condition不健康；不能使用
in condition 情况/状况良好
(2)on condition that...在……条件下；倘若……
on no condition一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)
on this condition在此条件下
第二板块经典句式
9．that引导同位语从句
高考必刷题练透
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
②We should consider the students’ request that the school library (should) provide more books on popular science.
③The idea that_you_can_do_this_work_without_thinking is wrong.你做这项工作不用动脑筋的想法是错误的。

状元笔记全记牢
引导同位语从句时，that仅起连接词的作用，无意义，不可省略
(1)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact，news，idea，hope，truth，suggestion，thought，belief，possibility等
(2)同位语从句中表示“是否”用whether不用if
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of 1.another animal or plant.2.It has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3.valuable (value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However，the process of cloning is difficult 4.to_undertake (undertake)．
The first successful clone，Dolly the sheep，5.made (make) the whole scientific world follow its process，though it had 6.more (many) problems than the normal sheep.But on the other hand，Dolly’s 7.appearance (appear) raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.on the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.9.However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10.where it is leading us.
Ⅱ.课文概要写作
细读本单元Reading部分，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。

【参考范文】
Cloning is quite common for two major uses.(要点1)Obviously，the procedure of cloning animals is more complicated.(要点2)However，Dolly the sheep was a scientific breakthrough in 1996.(要点3)Although cloning has its advantages，it also has problems or dangers.(要点4)At the same time，different people have different opinions on cloning research，so cloning still has a long way to go.(要点5)
Ⅲ.课文话题写作
一、用本单元所学知识补全短文
People differ_greatly (有很大分歧)in cloning technique.Some people are in_favour_of (支持) its development，for they believe it will be sure to benefit us.①Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s needs，which is one of the advantages of cloning.Besides (as a result/besides)，we can also clone human body organs for medical use.
On the contrary，others strongly object_to (反对) it，feeling depressed to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.In order to ban the technique，they don’t_bother_to_list (不厌其烦地列举) as many disadvantages as possible.②However (therefore/however)，in my opinion，cloning will pay_off (取得成功) as long as all undertake to use it properly.
二、按要求升级短文
1．用本单元的高级词汇升级短文中的加黑词汇
(1)be sure to→be_bound_to
(2)depressed→cast_down
(3)ban→forbid
2．用高级表达升级短文中的句子
(1)用表语从句改写句①
One_of_the_advantages_of_cloning_is_that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to m eet people’s needs.
(2)根据句②改写同义句
However，in my opinion，cloning will pay off on_condition_that_all_undertake_to_use it properly.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Have you ever heard a news reporter talk about DNA? Reporters talk about DNA found at the scene of a crime.They talk about police finding DNA “fingerprints”．Police sometimes use DNA as a clue to find out who committed the crime.
DNA is a substance (物质)that makes up genes.Everything alive has genes.Plants have genes.Animals have genes.You have genes.
Genes are the basic units of heredity (遗传)．Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents.You get your genes from your parents.You inherit half of your genes from your mother.You inherit half of your genes from your father. Genes are a kind of code.A tree’s genes tell what shape its leaves will be.A cat’s genes tell what color its fur will be.Your genes tell what color your eyes will be.Your genes tell what color your hair will be.Everything about you comes from the code in your genes.
Genes line up on strands (链) called chromosomes (染色体) in cells.Everything alive is made up of cells.Chromosomes are in the center，or nucleus，of cells.
Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells.Your muscles are made of muscle cells.Your skin is made of skin cells.The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells.The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work.They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself.
An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants.He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s.One of the things，or traits (特质)，Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short.He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants.These units were later called genes.
In the mid－1900s，scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA.In the 1970s，scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering.Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases.Muscular dystrophy，cystic fibrosis，and hemophilia are some genetic diseases—diseases caused by problems in genes.Today，scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy.
1．What is DNA?
A．It is a kind of gene.
B．It is a substance that makes up genes.
C．It is the basic unit of heredity.
D．It is a measure to protect crime.
答案B[细节理解题。

根据文章第二段第一句可知。

]
2．Which of the following about genes is CORRECT according to the passage? A．Plants，animals and human beings have the same genes.
B．Half people inherit all genes from their mothers，others from their fathers. C．Genes decide the shapes of a tree’s leaves，the color of a cat’s fur and our eyes’ color as well.
D．Genes will give us a code when we need it.
答案C[推理判断题。

由文章第四段可知基因决定树叶的形状、猫皮毛的颜色以及我们眼睛的颜色。

]
3．We can conclude that____．
A．scientists were less intelligent than monks in the 1900s
B．some genes are bad and can cause diseases
C．we don’t need to worry about genetic diseases any longer
D．the discovery of genes may be of great help in our daily life
答案D[推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段可知：科学家们正在通过基因疗法努力寻找新的治疗疾病的方法。

]
4．An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel____．
A．first saw inherited patterns in people
B．was interested in why plants were different
C．first called the units of heredity from parents’ genes
D．was the first who discovered genes
答案D[逻辑推理题。

根据文章倒数第二段第一句话可知Gregor Mendel发现的不是人的基因，排除 A 项；B 项没提及。

根据倒数第二段最后两句可知C项错误，答案选D。

]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·金华七校联考)Online education may sound pretty good.However，there can be considerable_1_for some students.
Some online programs give you the chance to use an instant messenger or Skype to_2_in real time with your professors.But these conversations have to be_3_and are usually_4_compared to the daily face－to－face interactions(交流)you’ll have in a (n)_5_classroom.If you’re a student w ho_6_large lecture courses，then this may not_7_much to you.But if you’re the kind of student who prefers smaller lecture courses and likes to_8_a lot of questions，then you may find yourself_9_without these chances.
Since you’re not studying in a traditiona l classroom，you’ll also_10_having face－to －face communication with other students.This can make you _11_important networking chances for your future career(职业)，_12_basic social interactions._13_you hope to make new friends or find future business partners in school，consider taking at least a couple of your _14_in school.
Most online programs keep their technology instructions_15_on purpose：a word processing program，a PDF reader，a computer and Internet connection，which most students can use.But these basic requirements_16_the fact that most online education programs_17_students to deal with complex virtual(虚拟的)learning environments.For skilled computer_18_，this is no problem._19_，if you often find yourself struggling with the digital age，this can make you feel less _20_about completing your coursework.
【语篇导读】网络教学听起来相当不错。

然而，对于一些学生来说，网络教学
也存在一些不足之处。

1．A.requirements B．disadvantages
C．regulations D．embarrassments
答案B[根据However可知，本句内容与上句之间存在转折关系，所以指的是缺点。

]
2．A.research B．exercise
C．play D．chat
答案D[根据该空后的But these conversations可知，网络教学是学生与授课者通过一些软件进行即时交谈的方式来实现的。

]
3．A.scheduled B．continued
C．recorded D．interrupted
答案A[根据上一句可知，这些交谈必须是安排好的。

]
4．A.formal B．rare
C．easy D．private
答案B[根据该空后内容可知，此处是将网上的课堂交流与传统的课堂交流相比较，故网上的课堂交流会比较少。

]
5．A.traditional B．public
C．advanced D．large
答案A[根据该空前的face－to－face interactions可知，此处指的是传统课堂。

]
6．pletes B．admires
C．experiences D．prefers
答案D[由下文中的But if you’re the kind of student who prefers可知答案。

] 7．A.mean B．refer
C．matter D．occur
答案C[由语境可知，如果你喜欢规模庞大的授课方式，这(指上文提到的网络教学的定时以及课时少的特点) 对你来说没有什么两样。

]
8．A.face B．answer
C．create D．ask
答案D[但如果你喜欢小型讨论，而且喜欢提问题，那么你就会发现网络教学让你感到很艰难，因为网络教学没有给你提供这样的机会。

]
9．A.struggling B．hesitating
C．stopping D．escaping
答案A[根据该空所在句开头的But可知，该句内容与上句存在转折关系，故此处指的是没有这样的机会，你会感到很痛苦。

]
10．A.appreciate B．risk
C．enjoy D．miss
答案D[既然你不在传统课堂上学习，你就失去了与其他同学互动的机会。

] 11．A.give B．lose
C．ignore D．refuse
答案B[不能与其他同学互动，你就会失去你将来的职业生涯所需要的人际网和基本的人际交流。

]
12．A.with regard to B．in place of
C．as well as D．on account of
答案C[future career和basic social interactions之间是并列关系。

]
13．A.Although B．If
C．Since D．When
答案B[如果你希望结交新朋友或者寻找商业伙伴，要至少在学校里学习几门功课。

]
14．A.decisions B．exams
C．courses D．chances
答案C[参见上题解析。

]
15．A.expensive B．funny
C．hard D．simple
答案D[根据冒号后的内容可知，很多网络教学软件操作简单。

]
16．A.hide B．prove
C．explain D．recognize
答案A[但这些基本要求掩盖了一个事实：多数网络教学要求学生应对一些复
杂的虚拟学习环境。

]
17．A.help B．require
C．allow D．remind
答案B[参见上题解析。

]
18．A.teachers B．makers
C．users D．repairers
答案C[根据上句可知，此处指的是娴熟的计算机使用者。

]
19．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
答案A[根据this is no problem和struggling with the digital age可知，应选However。

]
20．A.serious B．nervous
C．confident D．careful
答案C[根据if you often find yourself struggling with the digital age可知，你会对完成课业没有信心。

]
Ⅲ.应用文写作
为响应我市“低碳生活”的号召，学生会向全校学生发出了“告别纸巾，使用手帕(Using Handkerchiefs Instead of Facial Tissues)”的倡议。

请你代表学生会，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1．使用纸巾的弊端；
2．使用手帕的好处；
3．呼吁全体学生一起加入。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：面巾纸facial tissue；手帕handkerchief/hanky
Dear fellow students，
【参考范文】
Dear_fellow_students,_
Our school has launched a campaign called “Using Han kies Instead of Facial Tissues”．As we know，it takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissues compared to a cotton hanky.Besides，tissues do create a fair amount of waste.Unlike office paper，once a tissue has been used，it can’t be recy cled.Actually it ends up in landfill.It’s obvious that using hankies is consuming less resource and causing less waste.So，why not use hankies as a new fashion？Come on and join us now.
The Students’ Union。