物流：斯洛文尼亚的物流运输信息逻辑集群-外文翻译

吉林化工学院
外文翻译
中秦兴龙超市物流配送的优化研究
Study on Optimization of China Qinhuangdao Xing Long supermarket logistics distribution
性质: □毕业设计□毕业论文
教学院：机电工程学院
系别：工业工程系
学生学号：
学生姓名：
专业班级：工程1101
指导教师：
职称：
起止日期：2015.3.1～2015.3.28
吉林化工学院
Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology
物流：斯洛文尼亚的物流运输信息逻辑集群
Ales Groznik
1 序言
企业在寻找如何提升竞争力的方法时，创新是组织在商业模式下所寻找到的提升经济效益的有效办法，在斯洛文尼亚，有着一些，包括斯洛文尼亚的物流运输信息逻辑集群（STLC）是其中一个关键的群组。

现在，STLC处于一个正在动态增长的阶段，需要商业模式的形成和足够的信息量。

这篇文章的主要目的是为了对目前处于信息化的STLC，还有链接供应链管理（SCM）以及物流它们之间的差异，STLC 的信息化是通过几个阶段所形成的。

第一阶段是对组织内现有的业务流程建立模型（AS-IS模型）。

第一阶段结束后所产生的结果给以后建立商业模式制造了一个深刻的看法。

然后为了未来的建设，要通过对信息化的实施与坚持，信息化操作的结果都要对大家透明公布包括其中的业务流程。

对STLC的信息化处理是为了对商业模式的创新，业务操作的标准化，降低成本，提高绩效，减少作业次数，资产的管理还有货物追踪。

这些都是最根本的企业竞争力。

2 简介
提高现有工业方面的竞争力，在全球化和世界供应降低的情况下，让企业对其业务操作还有与合作伙伴进行降低成本的新的优化方法。

这些战略合作还有新的经营理念，组成新的产品群组，供应链管理，物流等，很多人都在有物流的价值节省提升10%~20%的国民生产总值。

根据AMR的研究表明物流可以降低10%的成本，在这两篇文章中我们可以知道，物流可以节省12%的国民生产总值。

所以，这在这些年效率很高的公司为了休利特帕卡德，康博，施乐，戴尔还有贝纳等公司提升利润是很正常的。

有证据表明这一整个集群在公司以及网络中都占有很重要的地位，这些集群把自有的一些知识传播，让公司有新的市场跟新的机会，最后，导致他们在全球的市场上占有有力地位。

物流，波特定义成了为了地理环境比较集中的有关联的公司，专业的供应商，服务的提供商，在有关行业的公司和机构的服务。

他建议在一个模型里要有一个可以在世界范围内有影响有竞争力的公司。

这个模型主要有四个先决条件，这类似于一个菱形图案：要素，需求，企业竞争还有支持这项工作的产业。

相关产业的支持是在国际化舞台上竞争的资本。

其中有两个重要的方面：通过具有国际竞争力的供
应商支持的情况下保证成本的效益和给货的迅速；通过有国际竞争力的相关产业的扶持下协调分配好具体工作，对本地的消费以及竞争进行刺激。

文章中，表明了STLC经过建模，分析和改善，在标准化跟斯洛文尼亚的物流运输产业业务过程进行信息化研究，这就是经济学分析卢布尔雅那大学商业信息学院对斯洛文尼亚物流产业的看法。

随着越来越加先进的信息化进程，物流公司既能快速的与供应商取得联系也能迅速的把货物交给他们的客户。

实现真正的信息化交流，而STLC在信息方面进行投资后对网络的应用能解决现阶段信息化不足的缺点，让网络作为适合三方沟通的桥梁。

对于现在的物流公司而言，他们是假设为国际化提高供应链，所以对信息化的依赖更加重要，对信息化的成功应用就会降低库存的成本，满足客户需求，对自身资产更好的管理等。

3 供应链管理，物流和电子商务物流
随着信息化技术的高速发展，信息和知识，作为对物流行业密切相关的供应链和物流产业被大家所熟识，供应链管理的成功与否取决于电子商务的物流行业实现，就是电子商务物流，后来这两方面通过信息化物流，物流运用更广泛在于现代信息技术与供应链的管理。

3.1供应链管理
在这几年，企业已经意识到了，公司的效率取决于供应商还有用户他们是否合作，所以为了提高企业在市场竞争中的竞争力，要经营好自己的供应链。

供应链就是把货物提供给客户这个过程，从原材料的提供，供应，生产加工，销售产品给客户这一流程。

不同的企业，不同的组织都有自身的供应链，这些供应链都与自身的生产规模和自身的产品类型息息相关。

这些关系网络得到了供应需求跟原材料，加工原材料之后在给予各个客户。

在这个供应过程中整个事件的网络化管理我们成为供应链，对供应链有效的管理要顾及到如何协调好这些关系链中所存在的不同尽可能在降低质量满足客户要求的情况下，可以降低成本，提高效率。

根据Chopra和Meindl的看法，一个供应链里面有各种不同的阶段，这些阶段可以直接或者间接的满足客户对产品的需求。

一个完整的供应链不仅涵盖制造商与供应商，其中还有运输，储存，销售商和客户，在每一个因素中比如制造商，供应链中可以满足每一个客户所需要的方面，这些方面不止只拥有，新产品的开法，市
场中的营销，财务管理，运营管理，产品销售，客户服务。

而且，供应链的管理是对整个过程的设计，维护，运作还包括客户对供应链的接受满意程度。

STLC的供应链包括转手，运输，仓储，财务各个方面。

客户自身无法找到最便宜适应的运输，所以由企业供应链来选取最适合的便宜运输方式。

在整个物流过程中对物流管理的操作理念与先进的信息化系统进行整合，将参与了STLC的公司为他们提供合适的信息招标，在客户的角度，让他们对物流提供服务。

3.2物流
Oscar Morgenstern认为实现物流的起源是在经济科学中的一个基本意见。

Morgenstern所发表的文章的本质是：“物流所提供的准确的资产而物流服务需要这些资产的每一分在各个环节上，是用他们来维持现在或者以后在更高层面上的发展。

这就导致了从根源与定位上保持这些方方面面达到整体的整合与实现。

”
物流作为一门新的科学，在第二次世界大战中运用于军事领域，第二次世界大战后，物流作为一门公众科学被众人所熟识。

在这之后，人们能找到关于物流的很多不同的定义，其中之一就是库伯定义：物流存在的目的是为了（在订单，数目，质量，时间和空间方面）在需要补充物品的情况下进行运输的业务流程。

它的意图是规划整个过程，操作和保持流通的货物，进行仓储管理，从生产到销售最后客户手中，以满足客户的需求。

物流的成本与产品的价格息息相关，有一个对欧洲200家企业的调查问卷，结果显示，物流的成本是7.7%的情况下，产品的价格比之前提升了22%。

这项调查表明，有一大部分的成本开销花在了产品储存方面，这一潜在规律表明物流是供应链中极为关键的一点，所以我们可以很容易的下一个定义，物流是供应链的一个关键的组成部分，有效的计划，实施和储存货物，在服务相关信息从原产地到消费者手中，满足客户需求。

3.3电子商务的物流
对综合物流与与供应链管理的电子商务来说是很难定义的，因为我没还没有完全了解它。

一种接近的定义是：物流是一个相对简单的过程，需要把互联网上出售的商品卖给客户。

而有另一种更加复杂的定义：物流是供应链的整合，解决了其中有关键作用的中介问题（批发商或者零售商），也像加入新成员一样，第三方物流公司的出现，也让人传统的物流链，更容易接受电子商务的要求。

我们如果看到更加远，物流的意思是电子商务之间（商对商）的外部必要性，但却是电子商务与客户之间（商对客）在互联网是的内部必要的存在。

电子商务的店铺有很多个，它们每个店铺在外部来看都像一个独立存在的公司。

如果在它们之
间实现STLC的物流理念，我们就会改进它们现有的业务流程。

改进的过程必须通过实现物流在其中的关键性作用。

如何在供应链与物流中，为客户提供适当的信息。

很好的在客户与信息供应商，材料供应商与客户，传递材料与资料在网上交流。

4 结论
我们计划的目标是对商业模式的创新还有工艺上进行改造，改正现在模式上的漏洞，将工作程序跟业务流程重新改变，有以下几个要点：
●有一个良好的环境从而有好的观点与态度。

●修正现有的技术上的漏洞而不是把整个技术全方位改变。

●保持现有的核心与价值主张不去挑战改变它。

●积极的进行网络上的物流任务。

在满足这些情况后，运用得当的使用模拟的业务流程，它能很好的执行，方法，程序，组织改变原来人们对整个过程的认知。

在项目建立，分析和改善下，标准的斯洛文尼亚化的物流运输方式只是目前成功实现业务流程的第一步，下一步就会在商业模式中进行一步步更新。

附录：外文文献
E-LOGISTICS: INFORMATIZATION OF SLOVENIAN
TRANSPORT LOGISTICS CLUSTER
Ales Groznik
In search of higher competitiveness, organizations are in search of innovative business models in order to foster economic benefits. In Slovenia, several clusters are being formed, including the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster (STLC) as one of the most important cluster. Currently, STLC is in the stage of dynamic growth, demanding business model formation and adequate informatization. The main goal of the paper is to present the informatization of STLC, bridging the gap between Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-Logistics. The informatization of STLC is presented through several phases. The first phase is business modeling of existing business processes of organizations (AS-IS model). The results of the first phase give us an in-depth view of STLC that is used for future business model setup. Next, TO-BE processes are created, which are to be implemented and supported through informatization. The result of the informatization project is shown as homogenic and transparent business activity between cluster members. The purposes of STLC informatization are business model creation, standardization of business processes, cost cutting, improved business performance, operational times decrease, asset management, and shipment tracing, which are the basics of economic competitiveness.
INTRODUCTION
Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors, sharpened by globalization and the fall of global supply, is forcing companies towards the optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances, new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistics are “worth” 10% to 12% of the GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics have a potential of lowering costs by 10%. On the basis of these two references, we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of the GDP. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the last few years, in
high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group, top management is favorable to the Supply Chain and, therefore, E-logistics (Romano, 2003).
There is a collection of literature indicating the importance of clusters and networks not only between firms but also along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, technology transfer, sharing risks and costs, allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, building comparative advantage in the global market.
Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions that he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram: factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry, and related and supporting industries. The "Related and Supporting Industries" feature of the diamond denotes the importance of clustering in developing international competitive advantage. It incorporates two features of a healthy cluster: the presence of vertical support through internationally competitive supplier industries, which ensure cost-effective and speedy deliveries; and the presence of horizontal support in internationally competitive related industries to co-ordinate and share activities with and to stimulate local competition.
In the article, informatization of STLC will be presented through Project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, and Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster, which is performed by the Business Informatics Institute at the Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization, logistic companies not only have better connectivity with their customers and suppliers but also better performance and faster responses. To achieve an appropriate level of informatization, STLC must invest in modern information technologies. One of the possible solutions is the use of the Internet with its cost-effective policy and, in last years, high security as the most appropriate communication channel.
For all logistic companies, it is assumed they control a global logistic chain of their customers and, therefore, are dependent on the successful implementation of informatization technologies, which leads to the decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc.
1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT LOGISTICS AND E-LOGISTICS
With the development of information technologies and information knowledge, SCM and E-logistics were discovered as a close connection to Logistics. Successful integration of SCM depends on the implementation of E-business in Logistics, called E-logistics. Afterwards, these two terms are shown through the system of E-logistics, with which the use of modern information technology complements SCM and Logistics.
1.1.Supply chain management
In the last years, companies have been increasingly realizing that the efficiency of their business is heavily dependent on the collaboration and co-ordination with their suppliers as well as with their customers (Hieber, 2002). In order to increase their competitiveness, they carefully manage the Supply Chain.
A supply chain is the stream of processes of moving goods and services from the customer order through the raw materials stage, supply, production, and distribution of products to the customer. All organizations have supply chains of varying degrees, depending upon the size of the organization and the type of product manufactured. These networks obtain supplies and components, change these materials into finished products and then distribute them to the customer.
Managing the chain of events in this process is what is known as supply chain management. Effective management must take into account coordinating all the different pieces of this chain as quickly as possible without losing any of the quality or customer satisfaction, while still keeping costs down.
According to Chopra and Meindl (Chopra and Meindl, 2001), a supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. A supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service. Furthermore, supply chain management is to design, maintain, and operate supply chain processes for the satisfaction of end user needs.
The TLC supply chain is organized through transporters, transport organizers, warehouses, and financial operators. An order in itself does not look for the cheapest
transportation anymore but rather the cheapest transport option seeks for the chance to execute an order. Integration of SCM philosophy in logistic processes is naturally calling for an advanced information system that will connect all companies involved in TLC and will serve them appropriate information needed for bidding and, from the customer aspect, allow them to electronically order logistic services.
1.2.Logistics
Oscar Morgenstern implemented a basic suggestion for the origin of logistics as a science discipline in the e conomy. The essence of Morgenstern’s theory in the article is (Morgenstern, 1955): “Logistics activity offers exactly defined quantities of assets and serves for each branch which needed these assets and serves in order with their intention to sustain branches at the same level in present or in higher position in the future. This leads from the origin and must be orientated or with other words transformed in space and time to reach the whole realization of these branches.”
Logistics was as a science until the Second World War serving only for military purposes. After the Second World War, logistics became a civil science. After that time, we can find many different definitions. One of them is Cooper’s definition (Cooper, 1993): the intention of logistics is to (at order, quantity, quality, space and time) carry out the transportation of goods for needs to supplement business processes. It is meant for planning processes, execution and controlling flow of goods, warehousing and also managing information from the production of goods to selling them to the final customer with the intention to fulfill customer delight.
Logistics costs have an important influence on pricing a product. This was shown in a survey where 200 European companies participated. The results were that logistics costs are between 7.7% and 22% of the final price of products (Požar, 2002a). This research shows that there is much cost saving reserve in logistic processes and one of the potential moves is to consider logistics as part of the Supply Chain. Thus, we can easily lean on the next definition: logistics is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements (Ayers, 2001).
1.3.E-logistics
It is difficult to define E-logistics comprehensively because the potential impact of e-business on logistics and supply chain management is not yet fully understood. One possible definition is that E-logistics simply mean processes necessary to transfer the goods sold over the Internet to the customers (Auramo et al., 2001). Another more sophisticated aspect is that E-logistics are a wide-ranging topic related to supply chain integration that has the effect of eliminating intermediaries (such as wholesalers or retailers) and also fosters the emergence of new players like logisticians, whose role is to adapt traditional logistics chains to take into account the requirements of e-business.
If we look wider, E-logistics mean doing e-business inside of the TLC between companies (B2B) and outside of it, between the TLC and customers (B2C) over the Internet. This whole integration of e-business ensures that the TLC from outside looks like one company, even though it is composed of many. If we want to implement E-logistic philosophy in all companies inside the TLC, we must renovate their business processes. Renovated processes are the basis for implementing E-logistics through logistic processes and necessary for the results that will show improvement through the added value chain. Figure 1 shows how the supply chain and logistics, with appropriate information, fulfill customers. To run appropriate information flow from customers to suppliers, among suppliers and among customers, the TLC needed all the data on-line with E-logistics.
2. CONCLUSION
The goal of our project is business model creation, process renovation, examination and reengineering of current business policies procedures and activities. We believe the new paradigm can be embraced only by:
Creating an environment of technology, enlightenment and receptivity;
Treating this as a holistic organizational transformation, not a technical issue;
Challenger core assumptions and value propositions;
Proactively establishing a distinctive Internet presence.
With this case, it has confirmed that the analysis and carefully used simulation of business processes is useful since it provides insight into the policies, practices, procedures, organizations, process flows and consequently shifts people's minds from functional to process organization.
- 10 -吉林化工学院本科毕业论文外文翻译
Project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster are in the first phase of generating an AS-IS model. The next step will be renovation of the AS-IS model and creation of an appropriate TO-BE model on which the business model will be built.
- 10 -。