选修8
高中英语选修八课文及翻译
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选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are moreNative Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。
人教版高中英语选修8全册教案
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选修8黎巨森、蒋茹、罗培芳、罗丽霞Unit 1 A land of diversityPeriod 1 ReadingTeaching goalsEnable the students to talk about things about the USA.Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especially in California.Teaching important and difficult pointsLearn the huge diversity of races and cultures in California.Teaching methodsFast and careful reading; asking and answering activity; individual, pair or group work. Teaching aidsA map, a blackboard and a computerTeaching proceduresStep 1 Warming up.Ask the students to describe what they learn about the USA.Ask the students to tell things about California including its location, size, population, economy, history etc. What do you learn about CaliforniaShow the students some pictures and encourage students not only to say what each picture is about but how each one relates to California.Step 3 Fast readingRead through the passage and get the main idea.Reading comprehension.Ask the students the following questions:When you look at the title, what so you think of2) Why is the USA called a melting potStep 4 Detail readingBeside each cultural group , write the period in which they first came to California in large numbers.Step 5 After readingWhy is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community (Using 3 or 4 sentences to explain. )Step 6 HomeworkFinish “Learning about language〞on page 4.Period 2 Extensive ReadingTeaching aims: 1. Improve Ss’ ability of reading2. 德育目的:理解美国多元文化,进一步培育学生跨文化交际意识,为终身学习奠定良好根底。
高中英语第八册(选修8)全部单词
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高中英语第八册(选修8)全部单词Module 1polar 极地的penguin 企鹅explorer 探险者Antarctica 南极洲annual 每年的rainfall 降水量,降雨量state 状态,状况depth 深度gravity 重力,地心引力inhospitable 荒凉的,不适宜居住的extreme 极端的,极度的flower 开花moss 藓,苔藓algae 藻类(植物)lichen 地衣adapt(to)(使)适应trap 储存,存留meteorite 陨石extraterrestrial 天外的,地球外的mass 块,堆,团balance 使平衡exploration (对某地区)勘察set foot on 进入,到达rivalry (不断的)竞争treaty (国家或政府间的)条约,公约commercial 商业的nuclear 核的,核能的test 试验radioactive (具有)放射性的promote 促进,增进via 经由,取道trap 使陷入困境lifeboat 救生船crew (全体)船员voyage (乘船的)旅行,航行drift 漂流,漂泊ceremonial 仪式性的,正式的glacier 冰川,冰河magnetic 磁的,磁场的,磁性的glare 刺眼的光intense 强烈的sunglasses 太阳镜,墨镜suncream 防晒霜severe 艰难的,艰巨的eyesight 视力,目力sunburnt 晒伤的minus 零下numb 麻木的,失去知觉的frost 霜,霜冻clothing 衣服,(尤其)某种服装portable 轻便的,便携的pure 干净的,不含有害物质的millimeter 毫米,千分之一米abnormal 不正常的,反常的sunrise 日出sunset 日落absence 缺乏,没有daylight 日光,白天tiresome 烦人的,令人讨厌的depressing 令人沮丧的,令人抑郁的isolated 孤单的,孤立的aircraft 飞机,飞行器platform 平台powder 粉末,粉minimum 最少量,最少数modest 不很昂贵的,适中的luxury 奢侈品cosy 温暖舒适的dormitory 宿舍,寝室canteen (工厂学校等的)食堂,餐厅stock 储备,储存laundry 待洗的衣物discourage 阻止,打消……的念头in case of 如果,假使emergency 紧急情况,突发事件conventional 常规的,普通的drill 钻,钻机snap 崩溃,支持不住tricky 困难的,棘手的fragile 脆弱的,易碎的battery 电池ecology 生态,生态学delicate 娇气的,纤弱的privilege 荣幸trader 商人,买卖人,经商者spice 香料jewel 宝石befriend 对待……如朋友tale 传说,故事legendary 传说中的reliability 可靠性obscure 难理解的,晦涩的intimate 亲密的inhabit 居住spaghetti 意大利面条insight 洞察力,眼光inspiration 鼓舞,启示,灵感Module 2renaissance (文艺的)复兴disturbing 引起烦恼的,令人不安的subject 主题dull 枯燥的,沉闷的basically 基本上,本质上,大致说来work 作品effect 效果,作用shade (图画等中的)阴影,阴暗部分medieval 中世纪的Gothic 哥特式的,哥特风格的frontier 新领域perspective 透视(画)法,透视效果,透视感polyphony 复调音乐(作品)cathedral 大教堂motivate 激发,激励skilled 有技巧的,熟练的parachute 降落伞submarine 潜艇tank 坦克overnight 持续整夜的ferry 渡船horseshoe 马掌,马蹄铁ornate 华丽的tax 对……征税,向……课税depend on 依靠,依赖,取决于reckon 认为in history 历史上leave for 出发去某地anecdote 趣闻,轶事authentic(书法,文件,书籍等)原作的spokesman 发言人,代言人burglar 窃贼,小偷leave sth behind 把……抛在后面antique 古时制造的,古董的basement 地下室,地下层courtyard 庭院,院子passerby (过)路人moustache 小胡子parcel (小)包裹dash 猛冲crossing 十字路口,交叉口crossroads 十字路口flee 逃跑,挑掉sideroad 旁路,旁侧路appeal 恳求,呼吁suspect (犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子loss 丢失,丧失circulate 流传,传播seek 寻找,寻求gang (犯人的)一群,一帮tentative 不确定的,试探性的behalf 方面,利益on behalf of 代表chief 最重要的,首要的fundamental 根本的,基本的drawback 不利因素superb 极好的,超级的substitute 代替物,代替品confidential 秘密的,机密的debt 债务,人情债get tired of doing sth 厌倦做某事,厌烦做某事merely 仅仅,只不过outcome 结果,后果blame (对错事或坏事应负的)责任liberty 自由,自由权at liberty 获得自由的gifted 有天赋的,有才华的movable 活动的,可移动的manuscript 底稿,手稿press 印刷机squeeze 榨出,挤出,压出(液体)olive 橄榄mill 工厂,制造厂Bible 圣经up to 到(某个数量)lead to 导致,通向,通往passion 激情,热爱official 官员,高级职员rural 农村的,乡村的inspire 鼓舞,激励take up 从事,开始做(某项工作)profession 职业calculate 计算Module 3owe 应给予poison 毒药cookery 烹饪法,烹饪术taste 味道obsess 使着迷banquet 宴会dish 一道菜greedily 贪婪的chopsticks 筷子dessert 甜食no wonder 难怪intestine (复数)肠tongue 舌头hoof (猪,牛等的)蹄end up 结束chew 咀嚼delicacy 佳肴,珍馐infamous 臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的appetising 开胃的,增进食欲的manner 方式,方法make out 看出,理解requirement 要求tuna 金枪鱼fixed 固定的mushroom 蘑菇mash 捣烂,捣成泥状filling 馅unrecognizable 无法辨认的have in common 与……有共同点guest 客人fork 叉子in short 总之,简言之entertain 招待,款待,请客menu 菜单asparagus 芦笋tender 嫩的Polynesian 波利尼西亚的remark 谈到,说起casually 随意的compliment 赞美punctuation 标点符号porridge 燕麦(麦片)粥,粥bacon 咸猪肉,熏猪肉lamb 羔羊,羔羊肉consume (正式)吃,喝butcher 屠夫,屠户cattle 牛outnumber 在数量上胜过……,比……多justifiably 有正当理由地mutton 羊肉consequence 后果gradual 逐渐的,逐步的trend 趋势,趋向fusion 合并,合成cuisine 烹饪,烹饪术,菜肴,饭菜recipe 烹饪法,食谱bean curd 豆腐seaweed 海藻,海草raw 生的eggplant 茄子lemon 柠檬bakery 面包店loaf (条形)面包artificial 人造的,人工的grocery 食品杂货店customer 顾客pan 平底锅cocoa 可可粉cookie 小甜饼,甜饼干maple 槭树,枫树syrup 糖浆honey 蜂蜜crisp 松脆的samosa 萨摩萨炸三角饺fragrant 香的,芳香的dairy 牛奶厂yoghurt 酸乳酪,酸奶abundant 丰富的,充裕的ripe 成熟的peach 桃子melon 瓜stove 炉子fry 煎,炸,炒microwave 微波reheat 重新加热barbecue 烧烤野餐grill 烧烤,烤制slice 薄片,切片breast 胸脯肉cutlet 肉片,肉排buffet 自助餐pint 品脱brewery 啤酒厂altogether 总的来说,总而言之ample 充足的,充裕的willow 柳树pattern 图案fence 栅栏,围栏,篱笆foreground 前景songbird 鸣禽overhead 在头顶上,在空中set fire to 放火烧hut 小屋,棚屋transform 转化,转变instantly 立即,马上recognizable 能辨认的,能认出的dialect 方言,地方话cockney 伦敦东区土话tell apart 区分开matter 重要,要紧,有关系as long as 只要count 很重要,很有价值trace 痕迹,踪迹unique 独一无二的,独特的lie in 在于intonation 语调author 作家,作者ancestor 祖先,前辈apostrophe 表示所有格的撇号link 联系rhythm 节奏,韵律bilingual 双语的,会两种语言的debate 讨论,辩论complain 抱怨,不满telegraph 电报media 新闻媒体,传媒revolution 革命investigate 调查flavour 特点,特色,情调acquire 得到,获得convinced 确信的,信服的telecommunication 电信in conclusion 总之furthermore 此外,而且a huge number of 大量的splendid 极好的,优秀的straightforward 简单的,易懂的associate 联系ambiguous 歧义的,含糊的dilemma 进退两难的境地,困难的抉择explicit 清楚明白的,易于理解的figurative 比喻的,借喻的relevant 有关的,切题的absurd 荒谬的,荒唐的convey 传达,传递concept 概念,观念thus 因此,因而get down to sth 开始做某事clumsy 笨拙的select 挑选,选择metaphorical 隐喻的,暗喻的significance 意义,含义withdrew 收回,撤销reject 拒绝接受potential 潜在的,可能的abuse 辱骂,恶语offence 得罪,使伤感情stateman 政治家betray 对……不忠let sb down 使某人失望overcome 征服夫,战胜prayer 祈祷文,悼词oppose 反对resist 反抗,歧视conflict 抵触,冲突moral 寓意,教育意义superior 更好的,更强的status 地位classify 将……分类sex 性别approval 赞许,赞成curiosity 好奇心fascination 着迷,迷恋,吸引力tone 语气,音调initially 起初candidate 投考者,应考人spin-off 附带的结果,副产品Module 5leap 飞跃,跳跃joint 共同的,联合的Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Aldebaran 毕宿五,金牛座中的红色巨星probe 宇宙探测器,航天探测器Saturn 土星accustomed 习惯的shuttle 航天飞机historic 历史性的,有重大历史意义的tune 收看(电视)收听(广播)witness 目击,亲眼看见,亲身经历assume 假定,假设patience 耐心in spite of 不管advanced 高级的,先进的at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候burst 爆炸depend 依靠,取决于planet 行星view 看,观察ultraviolet 紫外线的Phoebe 土卫九Titan 土卫六(土星卫星中最大的一颗)decade 十年a series of 一系列的,一连串的acknowledge 承认,认为random 任意的,随机的backwards 向后地,倒退地deed 行为knight 骑士,武士tension 紧张关系autonomous 自治的,有自治权的defeat 失败authority 权力,权威accuse 指责accuse sb of doing sth 指责某人做某事swear 起誓保证avenge 替……报仇,报复sorrow 悲伤,悲痛latter 后一个,第二个grasp 控制relief 安慰,宽慰glory 光荣,荣誉division 部分airspace (某个国家的)领空motherland 祖国abstract 抽象的foresee 预知,遇见destiny 命运,天命aid 帮助broad 丰富的,广泛的sympathy 同情,同情心commitment 忠诚,奉献ought 应当,应该consistent 一致的,吻合的faith 宗教信仰rational 理智的,合理的dignity 尊贵,尊严devotion 忠诚pray 祷告,祈祷pray for 祈望,祈求holy (有关)上帝的,神圣的acute 剧烈的,激烈的be similar to 与……相似的stable 稳定的,安定的human being 人supreme 最高超的,最优的scholar 学生consult 咨询,请教whilst =whilearguably 有争议的dramatic 给人印象深刻的,戏剧性的invasion 入侵alien 外星人impact 影响,作用observation 观察,监视inescapable 不可避免的assumption 假定,假设vanguard 先头部队set a motion 使某事开始underway 再进行中的hysteria 歇斯底里newsflash 新闻快讯mounting 越来越强烈deliberately 蓄意地,故意地set out 开始做,着手进行Module 6acquaintance 相识的人,泛泛之交farewell 告别bar 摒除,阻挡gird 围绕thistledown 蓟种子冠毛part 分手,分离steed 骏马neigh (马)嘶鸣seed 种子dynasty 朝、代expansion 扩张tolerant 宽容的,容忍的cosmopolitan 兼容并包的Persian 波斯人Arab 阿拉伯人Jew 犹太人Buddhism佛教astronomy 天文学shadow 影子,阴影altitude 高度,海拔specialist 专家share 分享,共享advance 进步,进展syllable音节failure 失败者suffering 苦难,痛苦corruption 腐败,堕落merchant 商人irregular 不规则的,无规律的realist 现实主义作家take hold of 抓住reflection 倒影mental 内心的,精神上的alcohol 酒精,白酒daffodil 水仙花flutter 飘扬,飘动,拍打(翅膀)breeze 微风,和风long-tern 长期的disorder 混乱,失调,紊乱channel 途径,渠道prove 证明是,被发现是reveal 揭示,揭露,显露cereal 谷类早餐食品appeal 魅力,吸引力glance 一瞥,迅速看一眼upwards 向上,朝上surplus 剩余,过剩approve 赞成,同意approve of sth 赞成某事,满意某事sponsor 赞助商expense 费用launch 开始,着手进行damp 潮湿的descend 下来,下降barrier 关卡shabby 肮脏破旧的caution 警告,劝……小心literary 文学的bench 长凳preview 预观,预看departure 启程,上路carriage 客车车厢merry 欢快的chorus 合唱,合唱曲a chorus of 异口同声的realm 王国,国度,领域,范围sonnet 十四行诗arbitrary 任意的,随机的cater 满足需求cater for 满足……的需求homeland 祖国,本国enterprise 事业correspond 通信correspond with 与……通信anniversary 周年纪念日donate 提供,捐update 更新,刷新decorate 装点,美化whichever 无论哪个zone 地区,区域independence 独立imagination 想象,空想typically 典型地,有代表性地,向来,一向surgeon 外科医生。
英语选修8单词表
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英语选修8单词表1. 自然灾害●地震 earthquake●海啸 tsunami●洪水 flood●飓风 hurricane●暴风雨 storm●雪崩 avalanche●干旱 drought2. 未来科技●人工智能 AI●机器人技术 robotics●虚拟现实 VR●增强现实 AR●纳米技术 nanotechnology●量子计算 quantum computing●生物技术 biotechnology3. 文化冲突●文化差异 cultural diversity●文化融合 cultural blending●文化冲突 cultural conflict●文化同化 cultural assimilation●文化独立 cultural autonomy●跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication4. 全球变暖●温室气体 greenhouse gas●二氧化碳 carbon dioxide●全球变暖 global warming●气候变化 climate change●极端天气 extreme weather event●可持续发展 sustainable development●可再生能源 renewable energy5. 太空探索●天体宇宙 astrophysics●行星 planet●卫星 satellite●太空探测器 space probe●火箭发射 rocket launch●国际空间站 International Space Station (ISS)●月球登陆 moon landing6. 健康饮食●营养学 nutrition●卡路里 calorie●蛋白质 protein●碳水化合物 carbohydrate●脂肪 fat●纤维素 fiber●有机食品 organic food●素食主义 vegetarianism7. 环境保护●自然保护区 nature reserve●水污染 water pollution●大气污染 air pollution●土壤污染 soil pollution●有害废物 hazardous waste●绿色能源 green energy (solar, wind, etc.)●可回收废弃物 recyclable waste●垃圾分类 garbage sorting and recycling8. 经济发展●经济危机 economic crisis (recession, depression)●国际贸易 international trade (tariff, import, export)●发展中国家 developing country (DC) /发达国家 developed country (DC)●经济全球化 economic globalization (outsourcing, offshoring)●市场 economy market economy (microeconomics, macroeconomics)。
高中英语人教版选修8翻译课文翻译
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英语选修8 翻译Unit1 一个多元文化的国家加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
美洲土著人最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。
然而,很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后,土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。
此外,欧洲人带来了疾病,使许多人染病而死,不过,还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。
今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
西班牙人在18世纪的时候,加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的,他们同土著人打仗,并夺去了他们的土地。
两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来,而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。
1846年美国向墨西哥宣战,美国赢得战争胜利后,墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。
但是,这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。
这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
俄罗斯人19世纪初期,一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。
今天,住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。
淘金矿工1848年,在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。
发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。
距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。
人教版高中英语选修8重点词词性转换
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选修八Unit11.racial adj.人种的;种族的→ race n. 赛跑;竞争n. 人种;种族2.pole n. 地极;电极;磁极→ polar adj. 两极的3.socialist n.社会主义者;社会党人adj. 社会主义者的→ socialism n. 社会主义→ social adj.社会的→ society n. 社会4.hire vt.&n.租用;雇用→ hirer n.租借者;雇主5.thankful adj. 感激的;感谢的→ thankfully adv. 感谢地6.slip vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤n.[C] 滑动;滑倒→过去式: slipped →过去分词: slipped →现在分词: slipping → slipper n. 拖鞋7.majority n.[U]大多数;大半→major adj.主要的vi.主修n.[C]专业→(minority n.[U]少数8.elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人→election n.[C,U]选举9.distinct adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction n.[C,U]差别;区分;卓著10.applicant n.[C]申请人→apply vi.申请→application n.[C]申请书;[U]申请11.apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→apparently ad v.显然地;显而易见地12.indicate vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示→indication n.[C]迹象→indicator n.[C]指示器;指示信号13.grasp vt.&n.抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会→过去式: grasped →过去分词: grasped →现在分词: grasping14.customs n.海关;关税;进口税→ custom n.习惯;风俗;惯例→ customer n.顾客15.occur vi.发生;出现→occurred/occurred/occurring(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)16.conductor n. (公车)售票员;列车员;指挥→ conduct v.引导;指挥;管理17.reform vt.& vi.改革;革新n.[C,U] 改革;改造;改良→ reformer n.改革家18.punishment n.处罚;惩罚→punish vt.惩罚Unit21.retire vi.退休;离开→retired adj.退休的2.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistance n.[U]抵抗;对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的;抵制的3.decoration n.装饰→ decorate v.装饰;布置4.vain adj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的→ vainly adv.徒劳地5.forbid vt.禁止;不准→forbade/forbidden(过去式/过去分词)→forbidden adj.被禁止的6.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.[U,C]不赞成;反对;异议7.strike vi.& vt.&n.打;撞击;罢工→struck (过去式)→struck/stricken (过去分词) →striking adj.迷人的8.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的;与众不同的→difference n.[U,C]差异;不同9.undertake vt.着手;从事;承担→undertook (过去式)→undertaken (过去分词)10.accumulate vt.& vi.积累;聚积→accumulation n.[U]积累;增加11.reasonable adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→(unreasonable adj.不合情理的12.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……→过去式: owed →过去分词: owed →现在分词: owing13.obtain vt.获得;赢得→ obtainable adj.能获得的;可得到的14. fairly adv. 公平地;相当地→ fair adj. 公平的→ fairness n.公平;公正→unfair adj.不公平的15.attain vt.获得;到达→ attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的16.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→ resistance n.抵抗;抵触→ resistant adj.抵抗的;反抗的17. identical adj. 同一的;一模一样的→ identically adv. 同一地;相等地mercial adj.商业的;贸易的→ commerce n. 贸易;商业plicated adj. 复杂的;难懂的→ complicate v. 使复杂化20.carrier n.携带者;搬运工;运输工具→ carry v. 携带;运送;搬运21.correction n.改正;纠正;修正→ correct adj.正确的;得体的v. 改正;纠正→ correctly adv.正确地;恰当地22.medium n. 媒介;手段;工具→ media n. 传播媒介;(medium的复数)媒体23.conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的→ conservation n.保存;保护→ conservatively adv.保守地;谨慎地24.shortly adv.立刻;不久→ short adj.短的;矮的;短期的→ shortage n.不足;缺少25.assumption n. 假定;设想→ assume vt.假定;设想26.regulation n. 规则;规章;法规→ regulate vt.调整;校准;管理27.popularity n. 受人喜爱;流行→ popular adj. 受欢迎的;通俗的;流行的→ popularly adv. 大众地;通俗地28.initial adj. 最初的;开始的→ initially adv.最初Unit3petence n.能力;胜任;本领→ competent n.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的2.merry adj. 愉快的;高兴的→ merrily adv.高兴地;愉快地3.associate vt.联想;联系n.[C]同伴;伙伴→association n.[C]联系;联想;协会;[U]交往4.distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别→distinguished adj.著名的;卓越的5.passive adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的→( positive adj.积极的6.merciful adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→( merciless adj.残忍的;无情的→mercy n.[U]宽恕;仁慈7.convenient adj.便利的;方便的;就近的→( inconvenient adj.不便利的;不方便的8.practical adj.实际的;实践的;实用的→( impractical adj.不明智的;不现实的9.caution n.[U]小心;谨慎→ cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的→cautiously ad v.小心地;谨慎地10.abrupt adj.突然的;意外的→abruptly ad v.突然地11.expectation n.[C,U]预料;期待;期望→expect v.预料;期待;期望12.freezing adj.冰冻的;严寒的→freeze v.冰冻→froze/frozen/freezing(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→frozen adj.冻结的13.bear vt.忍受;忍耐;负担→bore/borne(过去式/过去分词)14.seize vt.抓住;捉住;夺→(同义词)grasp vt.抓住;掌握15.innocent adj.清白的;天真的→ innocently adv. 无罪地;纯洁地16.recognition n. 认出;认可;承认→ recognize vt.承认;认出17. claim n. & vt.要求;声称;主张→ 过去式: claimed →过去分词: claimed →现在分词: claiming18.valid adj.有效的;确凿的→ validly adv.正当地;妥当地19.invaluable adj. 无价的;极宝贵的→valuable adj.贵重的;宝贵的→ value n. 价值;价格;重要性;(pl)价值观;数值v. 估价;重视;20.current n. (水或气)流;电流adj. 现在的;当前的→ currently adv. 现在;通常;当前21.stable adj. 稳固的;稳定的;安定的→ stably adv. 稳定地;可靠地22.extension n. 电话分机;扩大;延伸→ extensive adj.广泛的;广阔的→ extend v. 延伸;延长;伸展23.tap vt. 轻打;轻拍;轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头→ 过去式: tapped →过去分词: tapped →现在分词: tappingUnit41.amazement n.惊讶;惊愕→ amaze vt. 使吃惊;使惊异→ amazed adj. 吃惊的;惊愕的→ amazing adj. 令人惊异的→ amazingly adv. 惊奇地;惊人地2.authentic adj. 真实的;真正的;可信的;可靠的→ authentically adv. 确实地3.disapprove vt. & vi.不赞成;反对;认为不好→ approve v.批准;赞成;同意→ approval n. 同意;批准→ approving adj. 满意的4.fortune n.[U]机会;运气;[C]大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→(unfortunate adj. 不幸的5.hesitate vi.犹豫;踌躇→hesitation n.[U,C]犹豫;踌躇6.remark n.[C]谈论;言论;评述vt.& vi.谈论;评论;说起→remarkable adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的7.disgusting adj.使人反感的;令人厌恶的→disgust vt.使厌恶;使反感→disgusted adj.厌恶的8.mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的→mistake n.& v.错误;误会9.rob vt.抢劫;盗窃;剥夺→robbery n.[U]抢劫(行为)→robber n.[C]强盗;盗贼10.adaptation n.[U]适应(性);[C]改编本→adapt v.改编;(使)适应11.classify vt.把……分类;把……归类→classification n.[U,C]分类;归类12.properly ad v.适当地;恰当地→proper adj.适当的→(improperly ad v.不适当地13.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的;不安的;不自在的→(comfortable adj.舒适的;舒服的→ uncomfortably adv. 不舒服的;不自在地14.extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的;非凡的→ extraordinarily adv.非常(格外) →extra adj.额外的→ ordinary adj. 平凡的;普通的15.brilliant adj.光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的→ brilliantly adv.辉煌地;光亮地16.fade vi. & vt. (使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失→过去式: faded →过去分词: faded →现在分词: fading17.superior adj. 优秀的;较高的;上级的n.上级;长官→ super adj.超级的;极好的18.horrible adj. 可怕的;恐怖的→ horribly adv. 可怕地;恐怖地→ horrify v. 使恐惧19.musical adj.音乐的;喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧→ musician n. 音乐家20.believer n.信徒;教徒→ believe v. 相信;认为→ belief n. 信念;信仰→believable adj. 可相信的Unit51.interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止→ interruption n.打岔;中断2.systematic adj.有系统的;有计划的;有条理的→ system n.系统;体系3.alternative n.[C]选择adj.供选择的;其他的→alternatively ad v.供选择地4.arrest vt.逮捕;(熟词生义)吸引;抑制;阻止n. [C,U]逮捕;拘留5.assume vt.假定;设想;(熟词生义)承担→assuming conj.假设→assumption n.[C]设想;假定6.significance n.[C,U]意义;意思;重要性;重要意义→significant adj.重要的7.sharpen vi.& vt. (使)锋利;尖锐;清晰→sharp adj.锋利的;尖锐的→sharply ad v.急剧地;严厉地8.messy adj.凌乱的;脏的→mess n.[C]凌乱;脏(常用单数)9.ripen vt.& vi. (使)成熟→ripe adj.成熟的10.starvation n.[U]挨饿;饿死→starve vi.挨饿;饿死11.division n.[U]分割;划分;分配;[C]分界线→divide v.分割;划分;分配12.accuracy n.[U]精确;准确→accurate adj.准确的;精确的→accurately ad v.准确地;精确地13.accelerate vi.& vt.加速;促进→ accelerative adj. 加速的;促进的14.applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎;赞赏→ applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩15.identify vt. 确认;识别;鉴别→ identification n. 确认;鉴定;识别16.primitive adj. 原始的;远古的;简陋的→ primitively adv.最初地17.spit vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)vi. 吐痰→ 过去式: spat/spit →过去分词: spat/spit →现在分词: spitting18.academy n.学院;学会;学术团体;院校→ academic adj.学院的;学术的19.receptionist n. 接待员;招待员→ reception n. 接待;反应;接待处20.gay adj. 快乐的;欢快的→ gaily adv.快乐地;轻松地21.skillful adj. 有技巧的;熟练的→ skill n. 技能;技艺。
语文选修第8课《方山子传》课件
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1 表彰陈慥淡泊自守的高洁品德。 2 抒发与方山子相似的"不遇"舟。 问汝平生功业, 黄州惠州儋(dān)州
坎坷仕途终不悔
苏轼之政绩
苏轼贬居黄州,职位低微,并无实权,于是公 余便带领家人开垦城东的一块坡地,种田帮补生计。 自号“东坡居士”由此而来。然而人生的不幸往往 造就文人之大幸。谪居黄州4年,词作近 100 首,占 其整个一生词作总数的四分之一。《前后赤壁赋》 《念奴娇赤壁怀古》等名篇就作于此时。因此可以 说黄州时期是苏轼词作的丰收期和巅峰期 。
本文写于苏轼被贬为黄州团练副使期间。 北宋神宗年间苏轼因为反对新法,并在自己的 诗文中表露了对新政的不满。所以在神宗的默 许下,苏轼被抓进乌台,一关就是4个月,并 对苏轼严刑拷打。由于王安石的求情,苏轼虽 免于一死,但被贬官至此。就在此时,无意间 见到了自己的老朋友陈季常。于是就写下了此 文。
文章主旨:
苏轼执事惠州,率众造桥;推广先进农事工具, 建造水磨;施医散药,救死扶伤。
到海南儋州,给海南学子讲学,使得这块“蛮 荒之地”开始“书声琅琅,弦声四起”。不久, 海南人读书求学蔚然成风。海南岛至今还留有“ 东坡书院”。
高中英语选修8单词表
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高中英语选修8单词表1. adversity 困境2. amicable 友好的3. apathy 冷漠4. aspiration 渴望5. auspicious 吉利的6. autonomy 自治7. benevolent 仁慈的8. charisma 魅力9. clandestine 秘密的10. condescend 屈尊11. conscientious 有良心的12. contempt 轻蔑13. conventional 传统的14. covetous 贪婪的15. credible 可信的16. decorum 礼仪17. despotism 专制18. diffident 缺乏自信的19. discriminate 歧视20. eccentric 古怪的21. edict 法令22. egotistic 自我主义的23. elitist 精英主义的24. enigmatic 神秘的25. epitome 典型26. esoteric 深奥的27. evanescent 短暂的28. exalt 赞扬29. expedient 方便的30. extol 赞美31. fallacy 谬论32. forbearance 忍耐33. fortitude 坚韧不拔34. frivolous 轻浮的35. galvanize 激励36. gregarious 群居的37. hackneyed 陈腐的38. hedonistic 享乐主义的39. herculean 英勇的40. hubris 傲慢41. idiosyncrasy 个人癖好42. immerse 沉浸43. impeccable 无可挑剔的44. impetuous 冲动的45. impervious 无动于衷的46. implicit 含蓄的47. impudence 厚颜无耻48. incognito 匿名的49. indignant 愤怒的50. indulgent 放纵的。
高中英语选修8重点短语
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高中英语选修8重点短语篇一:人教版高中英语选修8重点单词短语选修8 Unit 1 重点单词1.means. n. 手段;方法2.slavery. n. 受奴役的状态;奴隶制3.majority.n. 大多数;大半4.immigration.n. 移居入境;移民5.percentage.n. 百分比;百分率6.aircraft. n. 飞行器;航空器;飞机7.mix. vt. 混合;拌和n. 混合;结合8.mixture. n. 混合;混合状态;混合物9.nationality. n. 国籍;民族10.racial.adj. 人族的;种族的11.applicant.n. 申请人12.socialist. n. 社会主义者;社会党人adj. 社会主义的13.occur.vi. 发生;出现14.central. adj. 中心的;中央的;主要的15.indicate. vt. 指出;标示;表明;暗示16.swap.vi&vt. 交换17.apparent. adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的18.apparently. adv. 显然地;显而易见的19.slip. vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤n. 滑动;滑倒20.ferry. n. 渡船;渡口vt. 摆渡;渡运21.hire. vt&n. 租用;雇佣22.insert. vt. 插入;嵌入23.react. vi. 作出反应;回应重点短语1.by means of 用……方法;借助……2.in addition 而且3.declare war on……向……宣战4.take in 包括;吸收5.a great/good many 许多,很多6.at various times 在不同时代7. make a life (for sb.) 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等;谋生8. keep up 保持;继续9.ger/have a good view of 好好欣赏……10.team up with 与……合作或一起工作11.mark out划线;标出……界线要点探究1.means.n. 方法;手段[单复同]by all means 没问题务必; 勿论如何; 不惜一切地; 千方百计地当然可以by means of 用某办法,借助于某物by no means/not by any means决不;并没有(放于句首时,主句用部分倒装)by this means用这种方法mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth意味着……2.majority.n.大多数;大半;大多The majority of damage is easy to repair.The majority of criminals are non-violent.3.mix.vt.混合,掺和;n.结合,混合(通常用单数)mix A and B 使A和B混合起来mix sth./sb. Up 弄错,弄乱;搞错mixed feelings 纷扰或矛盾的感情mixed doubles 混合双打mixture.n. 混合;混合物4.occur.vi. 发生;出现;存在it occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想到干谋事it occurs/occurred to sb. that某人突然想起谋事5.indicate.vt.指出;标示;表明,暗示indicate that…示意,表明6.hire.vt.& n.租用,雇佣←→fire 解雇7.insert.vt.n.插入、放入、置入8.react.vi.反应;react to sb./sth 对某人/某时物作出反应、回应reaction. n. 反应;回应9. take over接管;接收take up 继续,占用(时间/空间);开始做,开始从事10.a great many 许多,大量的11.It is likely that………什么是可能的选修8 Unit 2 重点单词1. differ vi. 不同:相异2. exact adj. 准确的,精确的:精密的3. commercial adj.商业的:贸易的4. straightforward adj. 简单的:直接的:坦率的5. undertake vt. 着手:从事:承担6. breakthough n. 突破7. disturbing adj. 烦扰的8. arbitrary adj. 任意的9. altogether adv. 总共:完全地10. object vi. 不赞成:反对11. moral adj. 道德上的:伦理的12. forbid vt. 禁止:不准13. accumulate vt. 积累:聚积14. shortly adv. 立刻:不久15. bother v./n. 打扰:操心/烦扰16. assumption n. 假定:设想17. regulation n. 规则:规章:法规18. extinct adj. 灭绝的:绝种的19. resist vt. 抵抗:对抗20. merely adv.仅:只:不过21. decoration n. 装饰22. unable adj. 不能的:不会的23. argument n. 论据:论点:争论24. obtain vt. 获得:得到25. identicaladj. 同一的:一模一样的词汇拓展1. differ—different(adj.)—difference(n.)2. commercial—commerce(n.)3. disturbing—disturbed(adj.)困扰的—disturb(v.)4. medium—media(pl.)5. accumulate—accumulation(n.)6. assumption—assume(vt.)假定,假设7. regulation—regulate(vt.)管理,控制—regular(adj.)有规律的,规则的8. resist—resistance(n.)—resistant(adj.)9. argument—argue(v.)10. object—objection n.反对11. undertake – undertook – undertaken12. forbid –forbade/forbad – forbidden重点短语1 (sb. be) cast down (by) 使沮丧2 object to sth./sb. 不赞成,反对object to doing sth.反对某人干某事have no objection to sb. doing sth.不反对某人干某事3 in favor of 赞成,同意,支持,看中,选中in sb.’s favor对某人有利的(地)do sb. a favor帮某人忙4 (be) bound to (do) 一定,注定(做)。
人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文
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人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文Unit 1 Aland of diversity 第一单元一个多元文化的国土ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANSIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Me某ico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Me某ico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Me某ico, and after the war won by the USA, Me某ico had to give California to the USA. However, thereis still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the \Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Me某ico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSCalifornia. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mi某 of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mi某ture of many races and cultures.加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。
人教版高中英语教材选修8重点单词汇总 汉译英
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人教版高中英语教材选修8重点单词汇总Unit 1加利福尼亚(州)vt. 说明;阐明加利福尼亚(州)人n. 差别;区分;卓著adj. 清晰的;明显的;明确的n. (从外国移入的)移民继续存在;继续生存n. 海峡白令海峡n. 手段;方法adj. 北极的;北极区的用……办法;借助……北极adj. 史前的n. 大多数;大半n. 冒险家n. (政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责n. 圣弗朗西斯科(也称旧金山)adj. 天主教的n. 阿拉斯加(州)n. 天主教徒prep. 尽管;不管习惯于新的生活方式、工作等vt. 选择;决定做某事;选举某人n. 苦难;困苦n. 百分比;百分率adj. 联邦制的;联邦政府的n. 铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条n. 洛杉矶n. 丹麦(北欧国家)n. 意大利n. 意大利人;意大利语坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)adj. 意大利人的;意大利n. 好莱坞;美国电影业语的n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣n. 韩国/朝鲜人;朝鲜/韩语vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期adj. 韩国(人/语)的;朝鲜(人/语)的n. 飞行器;航空器;飞机n. 横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道)n. 柬埔寨人;柬埔寨语adj. 巴基斯坦(人)的n. 韩国;朝鲜n. 巴基斯坦n. 巴基斯坦人vi. 移入(外国定居)n. 移民;移居入境n. & adj. 代理;副职adj. 人种的;种族的n. 侄子;外甥n. 地极;电极;磁极n. 海关;关税;进口税n. 申请人vi. 发生;出现n. 社会主义者;社会党人n. (美)讲西班牙语的美国人adj. 社会主义者的n. 牛(总称)n. 社会主义背靠背vt. 指出;指示;表明;暗示vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮;剃n. 行李n. 缆绳;绳索;电缆adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的缆车;(美)有轨缆车adv. 显然地;显而易见地安德鲁·海利迪n. 滑动;滑倒n. (有轨)电车vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤n. 闸;刹车;制动器vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤vi. & vt. 刹(车);用制动器减速adj. 迷人的;吸引人的n. (公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥与……合作或一起工作n. 码头vt. & n. 租用;雇用n. 面包房;面包厂n. 面包房;面包厂n. 渡船;渡口n. 海鸥vt. 摆渡;渡运包括;吸收天使岛n. 角;角度划线;标出……界线许多;很多申请;请示得到adv. 无处;到处都无adj. 痛苦的;悲惨的n. 处罚;惩罚n. 公正;公平n. 权威;权力vt.& vi. 哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛adj. 公民的;国内的;民间的当局;官方vt.& vi. 改革;革新adj. 感激的;感谢的n. 改革;改造;改良adj. 关切的;体贴的;深思的vt.& n. 抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会vt. 插入;嵌入Unit 2vi. 不同;相异n. 剪枝;剪报;剪纸adj. 精确的;准确的adj. 商业的;贸易的n. 双胞胎之一;孪生儿之一adj. 同一的;一模一样的adj. 成对的;成双的adj. 复杂的;难懂的adj. 简单的;直接的;坦率的vt.(undertook, undertaken) 着手;从事;承担得到好结果;取得成功;偿清adj. 躯体的;肉体的;细胞体的n. 突破n. 原子核;中心n. 程序;步骤;手续沮丧;不愉快n. 胚;胚胎;萌牙时期n. 携带者;搬运工;运输工具vt. 扔;投;掷adv. 总共;完全地adj. 任意的n. 命运;天命n. 改正;纠正;修正vi. 反对;不赞成n. 媒介;手段;工具n. 不赞成;反对;异议n. 撞击;冲击;巨大的影响大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)vt. 获得;赢得adj. 保守的;守旧的vt. 获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)adj. 道德(上)的;伦理的vt.禁止;不准vt. 积累;聚保赞成;支持旁路;支线;岔道n. 宪法;章程n. 合唱;合唱队adj. 必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的n. 歌剧;歌剧团;歌剧院n. 一条(面包)n. 面粉vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……n. 胡说;无稽之谈;废话adv. 立刻;不久vt. 打扰vi. 退休;离开vi. 操心一定或注定(做)……n. 烦扰n. 假定;设想n. 受人喜爱;流行n. 规则;规章;法规vi & vt.打;撞击;罢工n. 胡说;无稽之谈;废话adj. 虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的侏罗纪公园(美国电影名)vt. 恢复;使恢复原状;重建使……刻骨铭心n. 北美或欧洲野牛n. 小牛;牛犊不时;偶尔使复生;使复活adj. 最初的;开始的脱氧核糖核酸白费力气;枉费心机vt. 抵抗;对抗n. 缺点;不利条件adv. 仅;只;不过n. 装饰n. 原牛(古代欧洲野牛,已灭绝)状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)adj. 不能的;不会的n. 羽毛n. 大海雀(已灭绝)n. 白氏斑马(已灭绝)adv. 公平地;相当地n. 火鸡vt. 给……染色;染n. 爪;脚爪n. 染色剂vt. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱vt. & vi. 孵出;孵卵;孵化adj. 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的Unit 3adj. 两栖(类)的n. 专利证书;专利权乔治·斯蒂芬森(英国发明家,蒸汽机的发明人)vi. & vt. 显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别给……打电话n. 院子;庭院;天井偶尔;有时n. 胡桃;胡桃木adj. 宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的adj.无锈的;不锈的;没有污点的n. 产品n. 粉末;火药开始;着手n. 香水;香味n. 立方体;立方n. 果冻;果冻状物adj. 立方的adj. 突然的;意外的n. 小心;谨慎adv. 突然地;唐突地adj. 便利的;方便的;就近的adj. 被动的;消极的;被动语态的n. 预料;期待;期望adj. 愉快的;高兴的vt. 抓住;捉住;夺adj. 愉快的;高兴的n. 认出;认可;承认adj. 有效的;确凿的n. (评判的)标准;尺度n. & vt. 要求;声称;主张n. 文件;档案;文件夹n. 鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明vt. 提交;将……归档adj. 清白的;无罪的;天真的adj. 熟的;成熟的n. 线;绳子;一串n. 胶;胶水n. 杆;棒vt.粘贴;粘合adj. 冰冻的;严寒的n. 果蔬商n. 电话簿;商行名录(pl)蔬菜水果店vt. 拨(电话)n. 降雨n. 法庭;审判室n. 灯笼;提灯n. 堵塞;阻塞;果酱vt. 忍受;忍耐;负担n. 麦克风;话筒n. 额头adv. 偶然地;不时地亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔被踩出来的路;常规;惯例迅速把手伸入;一心投入adj. 充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的开始(做)n. 倍数adj. 多种的;多样的;多类型的n. 稻草;麦秆;饮料吸管n. 倍数莫尔斯电码n. 点;小圆点vt. 轻打;轻拍;轻敲vt. 以小圆点标出;分散n. 轻轻地敲(声);(水)龙头n. 金属丝;电线n. (水或气)流;电流vt. 复制;再现……的形象或声音adj. 现在的;当前的n. 直升飞机adj. 无价的;极宝贵的n. 三角形;三角形物体adj. 稳固的;稳定的;安定的vt. 联想;联系n. 冰箱n. 同伴;伙伴n. 法庭;法院;朝廷adj. 实际的;实践的;实用的詹姆斯·戴森(英国发明家)次序颠倒;发生故障n. 能力;胜利;本领n. 电话分机;扩大;延伸不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过n. 能胜任的;有能力的;称职的回复电话n. 版本;译本挂断电话n. 吉普车n. 人力资源;人事部;全体人员Unit 4n. 皮格马利翁(希腊神话)乔治·伯纳德·萧(也译萧伯纳,英国剧作家)n. 适应(性);改编本(图片上的)说明文字;(电视、电影)字幕;(杂志等文章的)标题;韪adj. 经典的;第一流的adj. 重要的;决定性的;命中注定的n. 经典著作n. 情节;阴谋n. 教授希金斯(姓)n. 语音学n. (陆军)上校n. 口哨声;汽笛声皮克林(姓)vi. 吹口哨;发出汽笛声n. (一件)衣服(外套、裙、袍等)(pl)服装vi. 犹豫;踌躇n. 皮夹;钱包adj. 毛纺的;纯毛的n. 结果;效果dj. 不舒服的;不安的;不自在的adv. 不舒服的;不自在地adj. 带来麻烦的;使人心烦的adj. (见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的n. 小偷;贼n. 手帕;手绢;纸巾vt. 伪装;假扮;遮掩vt. 编排;分类;归类n. 伪装n. 谈论;言论;评述伪装(的);假扮(的)vt. & vi.谈论;评论;说起adj. 光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的vt. 显露出(本来面目);背叛adj. (位置或地位)较高的;级别较高的adj. 不同寻常的;非凡的vi. 谴责;使……注定adv. 适当地;恰当地n. 排水沟;阴沟;贫民区(把某人)改变或冒充成……n. 公爵夫人;女公爵n. 相识;了解;熟人n. 大使;使节结识;与……相见n. 一把;少量n. 惊讶;惊愕一般来说震惊;惊讶n. 身份;地位;职位vt. 抢劫;盗窃;剥夺n. 机会;运气;大笔的钱adj. 真实的;真正的;可信的;可靠的adj. 优秀的;较高的;上级的就……来说;从……角度n.上级;长官vt. 抢劫;盗窃;剥夺vt. & vi. 不赞成;反对;认为不好adj. 古时的;(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的n.音乐喜剧n. 文物;古董;古玩adj. 音乐的;喜爱音乐的n. 先令(1971年以前的英国货币单位,旧币的12便士)n. 长袜n. 信徒;教徒n. 佛教n. 元音;元音字母n. 佛教徒皮尔斯(姓)adj. 佛教的n. 饼干n. 佛n. 茶壶n. 指甲;钉子n. 奶油;面霜带或领……进来n. 蜡;蜜蜡n. 磁盘vt. 上蜡旧式唱片vi.行屈膝礼adj. 破旧的;寒酸的n.(女子行的)屈膝礼n. 裁判员;仲裁者ni. & vi. 妥协;折衷adj. 可怕的;恐怖的n. 浴缸;澡盆n. 洗衣店;洗衣房;(待洗的或洗好的)衣服adj. 使人反感的;令人厌恶的vi. 啜泣;抽噎n. 腰;腰部;腰围n. 啜泣(声);抽噎(声)adv. 尽情地;热心地;痛快地n. 背心;内衣再一次需要……n. 字母表vt. 俯视;忽视;不理会vi. & vt.(使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失adj. 有效的(声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡Unit 5vt. 确认;识别;鉴别n. 可能的选择adj. 考古学的;与考古学有关的adj. 供选择的;其他的n. 考古学n. 挨饿;饿死n. 考古学家adj. 试探性的;不确定的n. 精确;准确vt. 挖掘;发掘vt. 假定;设想n. 挖掘;发掘adv. 不管;不顾n. 席子;垫子不管;不顾n. 被子;棉被vt. & vi. 打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止adj. 有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的n. 野兽至多;最多n. 厘米n. 磨具;削具vi. & vt. (使)锋利;尖锐;清晰adj. 足够的;充足的;富裕的切碎vt. 擦净;削平;磨光adj. 凌乱的;脏的n. 刮刀;刮削器adj. 原始的;远古的;简陋的adj. 植物学的;与植物学有关的n. 小珠子;滴n. 植物学n. 分析n. 海贝壳vt. & vi. 使……成熟;成熟n. 意义;意思;重要性;重要意义n. 种类;类别;范畴vi. 吐痰adv. 以……方式;不知怎么地adj. 有系统的;有计划的;有条理的vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出(唾液、食物等)n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹;搔;挠vi. 吐痰vt. 搔;抓;擦伤;刮坏n. 相册;集邮册;唱片adj. 放射性的;有辐射能的n. 接待员;招待员vt. 删;删除n. 学院;学会;学术团体;院校n. 分割;划分;分配;分界线受够了;饱受;厌烦n. 洋葱n. 幼儿园n. 滑板n. 酸乳酷;酸奶n. 放射性公元前n. (各种)瓜n. 皱纹n. 血管;静脉vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动;搏动vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎;赞赏n. 脉搏;节拍n. 眉毛向前看;为将来打算vi. & vt. 加速;促进vt. & vi. 嗥叫;叫喊;吼叫adj. 晕眩的;昏乱的;使人发晕或困惑的n. 矛;枪vt. 逮捕;吸引n. 颧骨n. 逮捕;拘留n. 箭头adj. 快乐的;欢快的n. 斧;斧子adv. 快乐地;轻松地n. 铁锤;锤子追溯到……adj. 有技巧的;熟练的(<.美>skillful)n. 技艺;手艺;精工细作n. 标点符号vt. & vi. 崇拜;敬奉n. 崇拜;敬神。
人教版高中英语选修8单词带音标
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选修8Unit 1△illustrate ['iləstreɪt] vt.说明;阐明distinct [dɪ'stɪŋkt]adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的distinction [dɪ'stɪŋkʃn]n.差别;区分;卓著immigrant ['ɪmɪɡrənt]n.(从外国移入的)移民live on继续存在;继续生存strait [stret]n. 海峡Arctic ['ɑ:ktɪk] adj.北极的;北极区的the Arctic 北极means [mi:nz]n. 手段;方法by means of …用……办法;借助……prehistoric [ˌpri:hɪ'stɒrɪk]adj.史前的majority [mə'dʒɒrətɪ] n.大多数;大半ministry ['mɪnɪstrɪ] n.(政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责Catholic [ˈkæθəlɪk] adj.天主教的n.天主教徒adventurer [ədˈventʃərə] n. 冒险家make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despite [dɪ'spaɪt] prep. 尽管;不管hardship ['hɑ:dʃɪp] n. 苦难;困苦elect[ɪ'lekt] vt. 选择;决定做某事;选举某人federal ['fedərəl]adj. 联邦制的;联邦政府的rail [reɪl]n. 铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条percentage [pə'sentɪdʒ] n. 百分比;百分率Denmark['denmɑ:k]n.丹麦△Hollywood [ˈhɒliwʊd] n.好莱坞keep up坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)boom [bʊm] n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期aircraft ['eəkrɑ:ft] n. 飞行器;航空器;飞机△Cambodian[kæm'bəʊdɪən]n.柬埔寨人;柬埔寨语Korea[kə'rɪə]n.韩国;朝鲜Korean[kə'rɪən]n.韩国/朝鲜人;朝鲜/韩语adj.韩国(人/语)的;朝鲜(人/语)的Pakistan[ˌpɑ:kɪ'stɑ:n]n.巴基斯坦Pakistani[ˌpɑ:kɪ'stɑ:nɪ]adj.巴基斯坦(人)的n.巴基斯坦人△immigrate ['ɪmɪɡreɪt] vi. 移入(外国定居)immigration [ˌɪmɪ'ɡreɪʃn] n.移民;移居入境racial ['reɪʃl]adj. 人种的;种族的crossing ['krɔsɪŋ]n. 横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道vice [vaɪs] n. & adj. 代理;副职pole [pəul]n. 地极;电极;磁极applicant ['æplɪkənt]n. 申请人customs ['kʌstəmz] n.海关;关税;进口税socialist ['səuʃəlɪst] n.社会主义者;社会党人adj. 社会主义者的socialism ['səuʃəlɪzəm] n. 社会主义occur [əˈkɜ:] vi.发生;出现cattle ['kætl] n.牛(总称)△Hispanic[hɪˈspænɪk]n.(美)讲西班牙语的美国人indicate['ɪndɪkeɪt]vt. 指出;指示;表明;暗示back to back背靠背luggage ['lʌɡɪdʒ] n. 行李shave [ʃeɪv] vt. & vi.(shaved;shaved,shaven)刮;剃△cable ['keɪbl] n. 缆绳;绳索;电缆△cable car 缆车;(美)有轨缆车tram [træm] n. (有轨)电车apparent [ə'pærənt]adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的apparently [ə'pærəntlɪ] adv. 显然地;显而易见地brake [breɪk]n.闸;刹车;制动器vi. & vt. 刹(车);用制动器减速conductor [kən'dʌktə] n.(公车)售票员;列车员;指挥slip [slɪp] vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤n. 滑动;滑倒△wharf [wɔ:f]n. 码头bakery ['beɪkərɪ]n.面包房;面包厂ferry ['ferɪ] n. 渡船;渡口vt. 摆渡;渡运△Angel Island天使岛team up with与……合作或一起工作hire['haɪə]vt. & n. 租用;雇用△fascinating ['fæsɪneɪtɪŋ] adj.迷人的;吸引人的mark out画线;标出……界线seagull ['si:ɡʌl] n. 海鸥take in包括;吸收a great/good many 许多;很多apply for 申请;请示得到nowhere ['nəʊhweə]adv.无处;到处都无△miserable ['mɪzərəbl] adj. 痛苦的;悲惨的punishment ['pʌnɪʃmənt] n.处罚;惩罚justice ['dʒʌstɪs]n. 公正;公平mourn [mɔːn]vt. & vi. 哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛civil ['sɪvl] adj.公民的;国内的;民间的authority [ɔː'θɒrɪtɪ]n.权威;权力(pl)当局;官方reform [rɪ'fɔːm] vt. & vi. 改革;革新n.改革;改造;改良grasp [grɑːsp] vt. & n.抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会△thoughtful ['θɔːtfl] adj.关切的;体贴的;深思的thankful ['θæŋkfl]adj. 感激的;感谢的insert [ɪn'sɜːt] vt. 插入;嵌入Unit2differ ['dɪfə] vi.不同;相异exact [ɪg'zækt] adj. 精确的;准确的△ cutting ['kʌtɪŋ] n.剪枝;剪报;剪纸twin [twɪn] n.双胞胎之一;孪生儿之一adj.成对的;成双的△ identical [aɪ'dentɪkl]adj. 同一的;一模一样的commercial [kə'mɜːʃl] adj.商业的;贸易的straightforward [streɪt'fɔːwəd] adj. 简单的;直接的;坦率的△ complicated ['kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]adj. 复杂的;难懂的undertake [ˌʌndə'teɪk] vt. 着手;从事;承担(undertook,undertaken)pay off得到好结果;取得成功;偿清breakthrough ['breɪkθruː]n. 突破procedure [prə'siːdʒə] n.程序;步骤;手续△ nucleus ['njuːklɪəs] n. 原子核;中心△ somatic [sə'mætɪk] adj. 躯体的;肉体的;细胞体的△ embryo ['embrɪəʊ] n. 胚;胚胎;萌芽时期carrier ['kærɪə]n. 携带者;搬运工;运输工具cast [kɑːst] vt. 扔;投;掷cast down使沮丧;使失望altogether [ˌɔːltə'geðə] adv. 总共;完全地arbitrary ['ɑːbɪtrərɪ]adj. 任意的△ fate [feɪt]n. 命运;天命correction [kə'rekʃn]n.改正;纠正;修正object[əb'dʒekt] vi. 反对;不赞成objection [əb'dʒekʃn]n. 不赞成;反对;异议△ impact ['ɪmpækt] n. 撞击;冲击;巨大的影响medium ['miːdɪəm]n. (pl media) 媒介;手段;工具the media 大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)obtain[əb'teɪn]vt. 获得;赢得attain [ə'teɪn] vt.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)moral ['mɒrəl] adj.道德(上)的;伦理的conservative[kən'sɜːvətɪv]adj. 保守的;守旧的forbid [fə'bɪd] vt. 禁止;不准accumulate [ə'kjuːmjʊleɪt]vt.积累;聚保in favour of赞成;支持side road 旁路;支线;岔道constitution [ˌkɒnstɪ'tjuːʃn]n. 宪法;章程compulsory [kəm'pʌlsərɪ] adj. 必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的opera ['ɒprə]n.歌剧;歌剧团;歌剧院chorus ['kɔːrəs] n. 合唱;合唱队loaf [ləʊf]n.一条(面包)flour ['flaʊə]n. 面粉owe[əʊ] vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……shortly ['ʃɔːtlɪ] adv. 立刻;不久retire[rɪ'taɪə] vi.退休;离开bother['bɒðə]vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰(be) bound to (do) … 一定或注定(做)……assumption [ə'sʌmpʃn] n. 假定;设想regulation [ˌregjʊ'leɪʃn] n.规则;规章;法规△ nonsense ['nɒnsens] n. 胡说;无稽之谈;废话△ popularity [ˌpɒpjʊ'lærətɪ] n.受人喜爱;流行△Jurassic Park[dʒʊəˈræsɪk]侏罗纪公园(美国电影名)strike[straɪk] vi. & vt. (struck,struck)打;撞击;罢工n. 罢工strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心△bison[ˈbaɪsn] n.北美或欧洲野牛△ calf [kɑːf] n. 小牛;牛犊from time to time不时;偶尔bring back to life使复生;使复活initial [ɪ'nɪʃl]adj. 最初的;开始的vain[veɪn]adj. 虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的in vain白费力气;枉费心机resist[rɪ'zɪst] vt. 抵抗;对抗drawback ['drɔːbæk] n. 缺点;不利条件merely ['mɪəlɪ] adv. 仅;只;不过△ restore [rɪ'stɔː]vt.恢复;使恢复原状;重建△aurochs[ˈɔ:rɒks]n.原牛(古欧洲野牛,已灭)decoration [ˌdekə'reɪʃn]n. 装饰unable [ʌn'eɪbl] adj.不能的;不会的△great auk[ɔ:k]n.大海雀(已灭绝)feather ['feðə] n. 羽毛△quagga[ˈkwægə] n.白氏斑马(已灭绝)△ fairly ['feəlɪ] adv.公平地;相当地in good/poor condition状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)turkey ['tɜːkɪ] n. 火鸡△ dye [daɪ] vt. 给……染色;染n. 染色剂claw [klɔː] n. 爪;脚爪adore [ə'dɔː]vt. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱hatch [hætʃ]vt. & vi. 孵出;孵卵;孵化reasonable ['riːznəbl]adj. 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的Unit3△ amphibious [æm'fɪbɪəs] adj.两栖(类)的patent ['peɪtənt]n.专利证书;专利权call up给……打电话courtyard ['kɔːtjɑːd]n.院子;庭院;天井now and then 偶尔;有时walnut ['wɔːlnʌt]n. 胡桃;胡桃木distinguish [dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃ]vi. & vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别merciful ['mɜːsɪfl]adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的product ['prɒdʌkt] n. 产品powder ['paʊdə] n. 粉末;火药set about 开始;着手perfume ['pɜːfjuːm]n.香水;香味stainless['steɪnləs] adj.无锈的;不锈的;没有污点的△ jelly ['dʒelɪ] n. 果冻;果冻状物cube [kjuːb]n. 立方体;立方cubic ['kjuːbɪk]adj. 立方的abrupt [ə'brʌpt]adj.突然的;意外的abruptly [ə'brʌptli]adv. 突然地;唐突地convenient [kən'viːnɪənt] adj.便利的;方便的;就近的caution ['kɔːʃn]n. 小心;谨慎expectation [ˌekspek'teɪʃn] n. 预料;期待;期望passive ['pæsɪv] adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的merry ['merɪ]adj. 愉快的;高兴的merrily ['merɪlɪ]adv. 高兴地;愉快地seize[siːz] vt. 抓住;捉住;夺△ recognition [ˌrekəg'nɪʃn]n. 认出;认可;承认criterion [kraɪ'tɪərɪən]n. (pl criteria)(评判的)标准;尺度△ claim [kleɪm] n. & vt.要求;声称;主张valid ['vælɪd]adj.有效的;确凿的file[faɪl] n.文件;档案;文件夹vt. 提交;将......归档ripe [raɪp]adj.熟的;成熟的string [strɪŋ] n.线;绳子;一串glue [gluː] n. 胶;胶水vt.粘贴;粘合△ rod [rɒd] n.杆;棒freezing ['friːzɪŋ] adj. 冰冻的;严寒的greengrocer ['griːnˌgrəʊsə]n. 果蔬商(pl)蔬菜水果店identification [aɪˌdentɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明directory [dɪ'rektərɪ]n.电话簿;商行名录dial ['daɪəl]vt.拨(电话)rainfall ['reɪnfɔːl] n. 降雨△ courtroom ['kɔːtruːm] n. 法庭;审判室innocent ['ɪnəsnt]adj. 清白的;无罪的;天真的lantern ['læntən] n. 灯笼;提灯bear[beə]vt. 忍受;忍耐;负担jam [dʒæm] n. 堵塞;阻塞;果酱△microphone ['maɪkrəfəʊn]n. 麦克风;话筒forehead [ 'fɒrɪd] n. 额头beaten track 被踩出来的路;常规;惯例△occasionally [ə'keɪʒənəlɪ]adv. 偶然地;不时地dive into迅速把手伸入;一心投入dynamic [daɪ'næmɪk] adj. 充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的set out (to do)开始(做)△multiple ['mʌltɪpl]adj. 多种的;多样的;多类型的n. 倍数dot [dɒt] n. 点;小圆点vt.以小圆点标出;分散tap[tæp] vt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头wire [waɪə]n.金属丝;电线straw [strɔː]n. 稻草;麦秆;饮料吸管△reproduce [riːprə'djuːs]vt. 复制;再现……的形象或声音current ['kʌrənt] n.(水或气)流;电流adj. 现在的;当前的helicopter ['helɪkɒptə] n. 直升飞机triangle ['traɪæŋgl]n.三角形;三角形物体△tetrahedron [ˌtetrə'hiːdrn]n. 四面体stable ['steɪbl]adj. 稳固的;稳定的;安定的△invaluable [ɪn'væljʊəbl] adj. 无价的;极宝贵的associate [ə'səʊʃɪeɪt] vt. 联想;联系[ə'səʊʃɪət] n.同伴;伙伴practical ['præktɪkl]adj. 实际的;实践的;实用的refrigerator [rɪ'frɪdʒəreɪtə] n. 冰箱court [kɔːt] n.法庭;法院;朝廷extension [ɪk'stenʃn] n.电话分机;扩大;延伸hang on不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住out of order次序颠倒;发生故障get through接通(电话);(设法)做完;通过ring back回复电话ring off挂断电话version ['vɜːʃn] n. 版本;译本competence ['kɒmpitəns]n. 能力;胜利;本领△competent ['kɒmpɪtənt]n. 能胜任的;有能力的;称职的jeep [dʒiːp] n. 吉普车personnel [ˌpɜːsə'nel]n. 人力资源;人事部;全体人员Unit4adaptation [ˌædæp'teɪʃn]n.适应(性);改编本classic ['klæsɪk] adj. 经典的;第一流的n. 经典著作caption ['kæpʃn] n. (图片上的)说明文字;(电视、电影)字幕;(杂志等文章的)标题;题目plot [plɒt]n. 情节;阴谋professor [prə'fesə] n.教授△phonetics [fə'netɪks]n. 语音学△colonel ['kɜːnl] n.(陆军)上校△fateful ['feɪtfl] adj. 重要的;决定性的;命中注定的whistle ['wɪsl] vi. 吹口哨;发出汽笛声n. 口哨声;汽笛声garment ['gɑːmənt] n. (一件)衣服(外套、裙、袍等)(pl)服装woollen ['wʊlən]adj.毛纺的;纯毛的(<美>woolen)hesitate ['hezɪteɪt] vi. 犹豫;踌躇uncomfortable [ʌn'kʌmftəbl]adj.不舒服的;不安的;不自在的uncomfortably [ʌn'kʌmftəblɪ]adv. 不舒服的;不自在地troublesome ['trʌblsəm]adj.带来麻烦的;使人心烦的wallet ['wɒlɪt]n. 皮夹;钱包outcome [aʊtʌm] n.结果;效果thief [θiːf]n. 小偷;贼handkerchief ['hæŋkətʃɪf] n. 手帕;手绢;纸巾△disguise [dɪs'gaɪz] vt. 伪装;假扮;遮掩n.伪装△in disguise 伪装(的);假扮(的)mistaken [mɪ'steɪkən] adj. (见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的brilliant ['brɪlɪənt]adj.光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的classify['klæsɪfaɪ]vt.编排;分类;归类remark[rɪ'mɑːk] n. 谈论;言论;评述vt. & vi. 谈论;评论;说起betray [bɪ'treɪ] vt.显露出(本来面目);背叛upper ['ʌpə]adj. (位置或地位)较高的;级别较高的extraordinary [ɪk'strɔːdnrɪ]adj. 不同寻常的;非凡的condemn[kən'dem] vi.谴责;使……注定△gutter ['gʌtə] n.排水沟;阴沟;贫民区properly ['prɒpəlɪ]adv. 适当地;恰当地pass … off as …(把某人)改变或冒充成……△duchess ['dʌtʃɪs] n. 公爵夫人;女公爵ambassador [æm'bæsədə]n. 大使;使节acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns] n.相识;了解;熟人make one’s acquaintance 结识;与……相见handful ['hændfʊl] n. 一把;少量△amazement [ə'meɪzmənt] n.惊讶;惊愕△in amazement 震惊;惊讶fortune ['fɔːtʃuːn] n. 机会;运气;大笔的钱authentic [ɔː'θentɪk] adj. 真实的;真正的;可信的;可靠的generally speaking一般来说status ['steɪtəs] n. 身份;地位;职位superior [suː'pɪərɪə] adj.优秀的;较高的;上级的n.上级;长官in terms of...就……来说;从……角度△disapprove [ˌdɪsə'pruːv] vt. & vi. 不赞成;反对;认为不好rob [rɒb]vt. 抢劫;盗窃;剥夺antique [æn'tiːk]adj. 古时的;(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的n.文物;古董;古玩musical ['mjuːzɪkəl] adj. 音乐的;喜爱音乐的n. 音乐喜剧stocking ['stɒkɪŋ] n. 长袜believer [bɪ'li:və]n. 信徒;教徒Buddhism[ˈbʊdɪzəm]n.佛教△Buddhist n.佛教徒adj.佛教的△Buddha [ˈbʊdə] n.佛△vowel ['vaʊəl] n. 元音;元音字母cookie ['kʊkɪ] n.饼干teapot ['tiːpɒt] n. 茶壶cream [kriːm]n.奶油;面霜nail [neɪl] n. 指甲;钉子show...in带或领……进来wax [wæks]n. 蜡;蜜蜡vt.上蜡disk [dɪsk]n. 磁盘△wax disk 旧式唱片shabby ['ʃæbɪ]adj. 破旧的;寒酸的△curtsy['kɜ:tsɪ]vi.(also curtsey)行屈膝礼n.(女子行的)屈膝礼△shilling['ʃɪlɪŋ]n.先令(1971年以前的英国货币单位,旧币的12便士)referee [ˌrefə'riː]n. 裁判员;仲裁者compromise ['kɒmprəmaɪz] n. & vi. 妥协;折衷horrible ['hɒrəbl]adj.可怕的;恐怖的laundry ['lɔːndrɪ]n. 洗衣店;洗衣房;bathtub ['bɑːθtʌb]n. 浴缸;澡盆sob [sɒb]vi. 啜泣;抽噎n. 啜泣(声);抽噎(声)waist [weɪst] n.腰;腰部;腰围vest [vest]n.背心;内衣disgusting [dɪs'gʌstɪŋ] adj. 使人反感的;令人厌恶的once more再一次in need of需要……△heartily ['hɑːtɪlɪ] adv.尽情地;热心地;痛快地overlook [ˌəʊvə'lʊk] vt.俯视;忽视;不理会alphabet ['ælfəbet] n.字母表effective [ɪ'fektɪv] adj. 有效的fade[feɪd]vi. & vt. (使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡Unit5△identify [aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]vt.确认;识别;鉴别alternative [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv]n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的;其他的△archaeology[ˌɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 考古学(<美>archeology)△archaeological[ˌɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪkl]adj.考古学的与考古学有关的(<美>archeological)△archaeologist[ˌɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪst]n.考古学家(<美> archeologist)starvation [stɑː'veɪʃn] n. 挨饿;饿死tentative ['tentətɪv] adj.试探性的;不确定的accuracy ['ækjərəsɪ] n.精确;准确△excavate ['ekskəveɪt]vt.挖掘;发掘△excavation [ˌekskə'veɪʃ(ə)n] n.挖掘;发掘interrupt[ˌɪntə'rʌpt] vt. & vi. 打断……讲话;打岔;acute [ə'kjuːt]adj.有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的assume[ə'sjuːm]vt. 假定;设想regardless [rɪ'gɑːdləs]adv.不管;不顾regardless of不管;不顾mat [mæt] n.席子;垫子quilt [kwɪlt] n.被子;棉被beast [biːst] n. 野兽at most至多;最多centimetre['sentɪˌmiːtə]n.厘米(<美>centimeter)sharpen ['ʃɑːpən] vi. & vt. (使)锋利;尖锐;清晰sharpener ['ʃɑːpənə] n. 磨具;削具cut up 切碎△scrape [skreɪp]vt. 擦净;削平;磨光△scraper ['skreɪpə] n.刮刀;刮削器ample ['æmpl]adj. 足够的;充足的;富裕的messy ['mesɪ]adj. 凌乱的;脏的primitive ['prɪmɪtɪv] adj. 原始的;远古的;简陋的△bead [biːd] n. 小珠子;滴botany ['bɒtənɪ] n.植物学botanical [bə'tænɪkl]adj. 植物学的;与植物学有关的analysis [ə'næləsɪs]n. (pl analyses) 分析seashell ['siːʃel]n.海贝壳ripen ['raɪpən]vt. & vi.使……成熟;成熟category ['kætəgərɪ] n.种类;类别;范畴significance [sɪg'nɪfɪkəns] n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义somehow ['sʌmhaʊ] adv. 以……方式;不知怎么地systematic [ˌsɪstə'mætɪk]adj. 有系统的;有计划的;有条理的spit [spɪt] vt.吐出(唾液、食物等)vi. 吐痰delete [dɪ'liːt]vt. 删;删除album ['ælbəm] n. 相册;集邮册;唱片scratch [skrætʃ] n.(刮、抓、划的)痕迹;搔;挠vt. 搔;抓;擦伤;刮坏academy [ə'kædəmɪ] n. 学院;学会;学术团体;院校receptionist [rɪ'sepʃənɪst] n.接待员;招待员onion ['ʌnjən] n. 洋葱kindergarten ['kɪndəˌgɑːtn] n.幼儿园skateboard ['skeɪtbɔːd]n.滑板fed up with受够了;饱受;厌烦yogurt ['jɒgət]n.酸乳酪;酸奶radioactive [ˌreɪdɪəʊ'æktɪv]adj. 放射性的;有辐射能的radioactivity [reɪdɪəʊæk'tɪvətɪ]n. 放射性division [dɪ'vɪʒn]n. 分割;划分;分配;分界线melon ['melən]n.(各种)瓜wrinkle ['rɪŋkl] n. 皱纹pulse [pʌls]vi.强烈而有规律地跳动;搏动n. 脉搏;节拍△vein [veɪn]n. 血管;静脉applaud [ə'plɔːd]vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎;赞赏look ahead 向前看;为将来打算howl [haʊl] vt. & vi.嗥叫;叫喊;吼叫accelerate [ək'seləreɪt] vi. & vt.加速;促进spear [spɪə]n.矛;枪arrest [ə'rest]vt.逮捕;吸引n. 逮捕;拘留dizzy ['dɪzɪ] adj.晕眩的;昏乱的;使人发晕或困惑的△eyebrow ['aibrau] n. 眉毛△cheekbone ['tʃiːkbəʊn]n.颧骨△arrowhead ['ærəʊhed] n.箭头△axe [æks]n.斧;斧子hammer ['hæmə]n. 铁锤;锤子gay [geɪ]adj. 快乐的;欢快的gaily ['geɪlɪ] adv.快乐地;轻松地skilful ['skɪlfl]adj. 有技巧的;熟练的(<美>skillful)date back (to)追溯到……;始于punctuation [ˌpʌŋktʃʊ'eɪʃn]n. 标点符号△worship ['wɝʃɪp]vt. & vi. 崇拜;敬奉n. 崇拜;敬神△craftsmanship ['krɑːftsmənʃɪp] n.技艺;手艺;精工细作。
(完整版)人教版高中英语选修8课文及翻译
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人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
苏教版选修《8、李将军列传》原文及译文、知识点
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《李将军列传》原文:李将军广者,陇西成纪人也。
其先曰李信,秦时为将,逐得燕太子丹者也。
故槐里,徒成纪。
广家世世受射。
孝文帝十四年,匈奴大人萧关,而广以良家子从军击胡,用善骑射,杀首虏多,为汉中郎。
广从弟李蔡,亦为郎,皆为武骑常侍,秩八百石。
尝从行,有所冲陷折关及格猛兽,而文帝曰:“惜乎,子不遇时!如令子当高帝时,万户侯岂足道哉!”及孝景初立,广为陇西都尉,徙为骑郎将。
吴楚军时,广为骁骑都尉,从太尉亚夫击吴楚军,取旗,显功名昌邑下,以梁王授广将军印还,赏不行。
徙为上谷太守。
匈奴日以合战,典属国公孙昆邪为上泣曰:“李广才气,天下无双,自负其能,数与虏敌战,恐亡之。
”于是,乃徙为上郡太守。
后广转为边郡太守,徙上郡,尝为陇西、北地、雁门、代郡、云中太守,皆以力战为名。
匈奴大入上郡,天子使中贵人从广勒习兵击匈奴。
中贵人将骑数十,纵见匈奴三人,与战,三人还射,伤中贵人,杀其骑且尽。
中遗人走广,广曰:“是必射雕者也。
”广乃遂从百骑往驰三人,三人亡马步行,行数十里,广令其骑张左右翼,而广身自射彼三人者,杀其二人,生得一人,果匈奴射雕者也。
已缚之上马,望匈奴有数千骑,见广,以为诱骑,皆惊,上山陈。
广之百骑皆大恐,欲驰还走,广曰:“吾去大军数十里,今如此以百骑走,匈奴追射我,立尽。
今我留,匈奴必以我为大军之诱,必不敢击我。
”广令诸骑曰:“前!”前,未到匈奴陈二里所,止,令曰:“皆下马解鞍!”其骑曰:“虏多且近,即有急,奈何?”广曰:“彼虏以我为走,今皆解鞍以示不走,用坚其意。
”于是胡骑遂不敢击。
有白马将出护其兵,李广上马与十余骑奔射杀胡白马将,而复还至其骑中,解鞍,令士皆纵马卧。
是时会暮,胡兵终怪之,不敢击。
夜半时,胡兵亦以为汉有伏军于旁欲夜取之,胡皆引而去。
平旦,李广乃归其大军。
大军不知广所之,故弗从。
《李将军列传》译文:李广将军,陇西成纪人。
他的先祖名李信,秦朝时做过将军,就是追获燕太子丹的那位将军。
他们老家在槐里,后迁徙到成纪。
人教版英语选修8单词
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人教版高中英语选修8单词Unit1△California加利福尼亚(州)△Californian加利福尼亚(州)人△illustratevt.说明;阐明distinctadj.清晰的;明显的;明确的distinctionn.差别;区分;卓著△immigrantn.(从外国移入的)移民liveon继续存在;继续生存straitn.海峡△Bering白令海峡Arcticadj.北极的;北极区的theArctic北极meansn.手段;方法bymeansof...用办法;借助△prehistoricadj.史前的majorityn.大多数;大半ministryn.(政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责Catholicadj.天主教的n.天主教徒△Alaskan.阿拉斯加(州)△SanFranciscon.圣弗朗西斯科(也称旧金山)△adventurern.冒险家makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despiteprep.尽管;不管hardshipn.苦难;困苦electvt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人federaladj.联邦制的;联邦政府的railn.铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条percentagen.百分比;百分率△LosAngelesn.洛杉矶Italyn.意大利Italiann.意大利人;意大利语adj.意大利人的;意大利语的Denmarkn.丹麦(北欧国家)keepup坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)△Hollywoodn.好莱坞;美国电影业boomn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期aircraftn.飞行器;航空器;飞机△Cambodiann.柬埔寨人;柬埔寨语Korean.韩国;朝鲜Koreann.韩国/朝鲜人;朝鲜/韩语adj.韩国(人/语)的;朝鲜(人/语)的Pakistann.巴基斯坦Pakistaniadj.巴基斯坦(人)的n.巴基斯坦人△immigratevi.移入(外国定居)immigrationn.移民;移居入境racialadj.人种的;种族的crossingn.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道vicen.&adj.代理;副职nephewn.侄子;外甥polen.地极;电极;磁极applicantn.申请人customsn.海关;关税;进口税socialistn.社会主义者;社会党人adj.社会主义者的socialismn.社会主义occurvi.发生;出现cattlen.牛(总称)△Hispanicn.(美)讲西班牙语的美国人indicatevt.指出;指示;表明;暗示backtoback 背靠背luggagen.行李(<美>baggage)shavevt.&vi.(shaved;shaved,shaven)刮;剃△cablen.缆绳;绳索;电缆△cablecar缆车;(美)有轨缆车△AndrewHallidie安德鲁•海利迪tramn.(有轨)电车apparentadj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的apparentlyadv.显然地;显而易见地braken.闸;刹车;制动器Vi.&vt.刹(车);用制动器减速conductorn.(公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥slipvi.滑动;滑行;滑跤n.滑动;滑倒△wharfn.码头bakeryn.面包房;面包厂ferryn.渡船;渡口vt.摆渡;渡运△AngelIsland天使岛teamupwith 与……合作或一起工作hirevt.&n.租用;雇用△fascinatingadj.迷人的;吸引人的markout划线;标出界线seagulln.海鸥takein包括;吸收anglen.角;角度agreat/goodmany许多;很多applyfor申请;请示得到nowhereadv.无处;到处都无△miserableadj.痛苦的;悲惨的punishmentn.处罚;惩罚justicen.公正;公平mournvt.&vi.哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛civiladj.公民的;国内的;民间的authorityn.权威;权力(pl)当局;官方reformvt.&vi.改革;革新n.改革;改造;改良graspvt.&n.抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会△thoughtfuladj.关切的;体贴的;深思的thankfuladj.感激的;感谢的insertvt.插入;嵌入Unit2differvi.不同;相异exactadj.精确的;准确的△cuttingn.剪枝;剪报;剪纸twinn.双胞胎之一;孪生儿之一adj.成对的;成双的△identicaladj.同一的;一模一样的commercialadj.商业的;贸易的straightforwardadj.简单的;直接的;坦率的△complicatedadj.复杂的;难懂的undertakevt.(undertook,undertaken)着手;从事;承担payoff 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清breakthroughn.突破proceduren.程序;步骤;手续△nucleusn.原子核;中心△somaticadj.躯体的;肉体的;细胞体的△embryon.胚;胚胎;萌牙时期carriern.携带者;搬运工;运输工具castvt.(cast,cast)扔;投;掷castdown沮丧;不愉快altogetheradv.总共;完全地arbitraryadj.任意的△faten.命运;天命correctionn.改正;纠正;修正objectvi.反对;不赞成objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议△impactn.撞击;冲击;巨大的影响mediumn.媒介;手段;工具themedia大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)obtainvt.获得;赢得attainvt.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等) moraladj.道德(上)的;伦理的conservativeadj.保守的;守旧的forbidvt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden)禁止;不准accumulatevt.积累;聚保infavourof赞成;支持sideroad旁路;支线;岔道(v美>sidewalk)constitutionn.宪法;章程compulsoryadj.必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的operan.歌剧;歌剧团;歌剧院chorusn.合唱;合唱队loafn.一条(面包)flourn.面粉owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于•…shortlyadv.立刻;不久retirevi.退休;离开bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰(be)boundto(do)一定或注定(做)……assumptionn.假定;设想regulationn.规则;规章;法规△nonsensen.胡说;无稽之谈;废话△popularityn.受人喜爱;流行△JurassicPark侏罗纪公园(美国电影名)strikevi&vt.(struck,struck)打;撞击;罢工strike..」ntoone'sheart使刻骨铭心△bisonn.北美或欧洲野牛△calfn.小牛;牛犊fromtimetotime不时;偶尔bringbacktolife使复生;使复活initialadj.最初的;开始的△DNA脱氧核糖核酸vainadj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的invain白费力气;枉费心机resistvt.抵抗;对抗drawbackn.缺点;不利条件merelyadv.仅;只;不过△restorevt.恢复;使恢复原状;重建△aurochsn.原牛(古欧洲野牛,已灭)decorationn.装饰unableadj.不能的;不会的△greataukn.大海雀(已灭绝)feathern.羽毛△quaggan.白氏斑马(已灭绝)△fairlyadv.公平地;相当地ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏);turkeyn.火鸡△dyevt.给染色;染n.染色剂clawn.爪;脚爪adorevt.崇拜;爱慕;喜爱hatchvt.&vi.孵出;孵卵;孵化reasonableadj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的Unit3△amphibiousadj.两栖(类)的△GeorgeStephenson乔治•斯蒂芬森(英国发明家,蒸汽机的发明人)patentn.专利证书;专利权callup给……打电话courtyardn.院子;庭院;天井nowandthen偶尔;有时walnutn.胡桃;胡桃木distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别mercifuladj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的productn.产品powdern.粉末;火药setabout开始;着手perfumen.香水;香味stainlessadj.无锈的;不锈的:没有污点的△jellyn.果冻;果冻状物cuben.立方体;立方cubicadj.立方的abruptadj.突然的;意外的abruptlyadv.突然地;唐突地convenientadj.便利的;方便的;就近的cautionn.小心;谨慎expectationn.预料;期待;期望passiveadj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的merryadj.愉快的;高兴的merrilyadv.高兴地;愉快地seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺△recognitionn.认出;认可;承认criterionn.(评判的)标准;尺度△claimn.&vt.要求;声称;主张validadj.有效的;确凿的filen.文件;档案;文件夹vt.提交;将……归档ripeadj.熟的;成熟的stringn.线;绳子;一串gluen.胶;胶水vt.粘贴;粘合△rodn.杆;棒freezingadj.冰冻的;严寒的greengrocern.果蔬商(pl)蔬菜水果店identificationn.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明directoryn.电话簿;商行名录dialvt.拨(电话)rainfalln.降雨△courtroomn.法庭;审判室innocentadj.清白的;无罪的;天真的lanternn.灯笼;提灯bearvt.忍受;忍耐;负担jamn.堵塞;阻塞;果酱△AlexanderGraham亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔△microphonen.麦克风;话筒foreheadn.额头beatentrack 被踩出来的路;常规;惯例△occasionallyadv.偶然地;不时地diveinto迅速把手伸入;一心投入dynamicadj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的setout(todo)开始(做)△multipleadj.多种的;多样的;多类型的n.倍数△Morse莫尔斯电码dotn.点;小圆点vt.以小圆点标出;分散tapvt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头wiren.金属丝;电线strawn.稻草;麦秆;饮料吸管△reproducevt.复制;再现……的形象或声音currentn.(水或气)流;电流adj.现在的;当前的helicoptern.直升飞机trianglen.三角形;三角形物体△tetrahedronn.四面体stableadj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的△invaluableadj.无价的;极宝贵的associatevt.联想;联系n.同伴;伙伴practicaladj.实际的;实践的;实用的△JamesDyson詹姆斯•戴森(英国发明家)refrigeratorn.冰箱courtn.法庭;法院;朝廷extensionn.电话分机;扩大;延伸hangon不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住outoforder次序颠倒;发生故障getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过ringback回复电话ringoff挂断电话versionn.版本;译本competencen.能力;胜利;本领△competentn.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的jeepn.吉普车personneln.人力资源;人事部;全体人员Unit4△Pygmalionn.皮格马利翁(希腊神话)△GeorgeBernardShaw乔治•伯纳德•萧adaptationn.适应(性);改编本classicadj.经典的;第一流的n.经典著作captionn.(图片上的)说明文字;(电视、电影)字幕;(杂志等文章的)标题;韪plotn.情节;阴谋professorn.教授△Higgins希金斯(姓)△phoneticsn.语音学△coloneln.(陆军)上校△Pickering皮克林(姓)△fatefuladj.重要的;决定性的;命中注定的whistlevi.吹口哨;发出汽笛声n.口哨声;汽笛声garmentn.(一件)衣服(外套、裙、袍等)(pl)服装woollenadj.毛纺的;纯毛的(v美〉woolen)hesitatevi.犹豫;踌躇uncomfortableadj.不舒服的;不安的;不自在的uncomfortablyadv.不舒服的;不自在地troublesomeadj.带来麻烦的;使人心烦的walletn.皮夹;钱包outsomen.结果;效果thiefn.小偷;贼handkerchiefn.手帕;手绢;纸巾△disguisevt.伪装;假扮;遮掩n.伪装△indisguise伪装(的);假扮(的)mistakenadj.(见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的brillian tadj光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的classif yvt.编排;分类;归类remar k n. 谈论;言论;评述vt.&vi.谈论;评论;说起betray vt. 显露出(本来面目);背upper adj.(位置或地位)较高的;级别较高的extraordinaryadj.不同寻常的;非凡的condemnvi.谴责;使注定△guttern.排水沟;阴沟;贫民区properlyadv.适当地;恰当地pass...offas...(把某人)改变或冒充成.△duchessn.公爵夫人;女公爵ambassadorn.大使;使节acquaintancen.相识;了解;熟人makeone'sacquaintance结识;与……相见handfuln.一把;少量△amazementn.惊讶;惊愕△inamazement震惊;惊讶fortunen.机会;运气;大笔的钱authenticadj.真实的;真正的;可信的;可靠的generallyspeaking一般来说statusn.身份;地位;职位superioradj.优秀的;较高的;上级的n.上级;长官intermsof...就来说;从角度△disapprovevt.&vi.不赞成;反对;认为不好robvt.抢劫;盗窃;剥夺antiqueadj.古时的;(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的n.文物;古董;古玩musicaladj.音乐的;喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧stockingn.长袜△believern.信徒;教徒Buddhismn.佛教△Buddhistn.佛教徒adj.佛教的△Buddhan.佛△voweln.元音;元音字母△Pearce皮尔斯(姓)cookien.饼干teapotn.茶壶creamn.奶油;面霜nailn.指甲;钉子show.in带或领..进来waxn.蜡;蜜蜡vt.上蜡diskn.磁盘△waxdisk旧式唱片shabbyadj.破旧的;寒酸的△curtsyvi.(alsocurtsey)行屈膝礼n.(女子行的)屈膝礼△shillingn.先令(1971年以前的英国货币单位,旧币的12便士)refereen.裁判员;仲裁者compromiseni.&vi.妥协;折衷horribleadj.可怕的;恐怖的laundryn.洗衣店;洗衣房;(待洗的或洗好的)衣服bathtubn.浴缸;澡盆sobvi.啜泣;抽噎n.啜泣(声);抽噎(声)waistn.腰;腰部;腰围vestn.背心;内衣disgustingadj.使人反感的;令人厌恶的oncemore再一次inneedof需要……△heartilyadv.尽情地;热心地;痛快地overlookvt.俯视;忽视;不理会alphabetn.字母表△effectiveadj.有效的fadevi.&vt.(使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失fadeout(声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡Unit5△identifyvt.确认;识别;鉴别alternativen.可能的选择adj.供选择的;其他的△archaeologyn.考古学(v美〉archeology)△archaeologicaladj.考古学的;与考古学有关的(<美>archeological)△archaeologistn.考古学家(v美>archeologist)starvationn.挨饿;饿死tentativeadj.试探性的;不确定的accuracyn.精确;准确△excavatevt.挖掘;发掘△excavationn.挖掘;发掘interruptvt.&vi.打断讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止acuteadj.有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的assumevt.假定;设想regardlessadv.不管;不顾regardlessof不管;不顾matn.席子;垫子quiltn.被子;棉被beastn.野兽atmost至多;最多centimetren.厘米(v美〉centimeter)sharpenvi.&vt.(使)锋利;尖锐;清晰sharpenern.磨具;削具cutup切碎△scrapevt.擦净;削平;磨光△scrapern.刮刀;刮削器ampleadj.足够的;充足的;富裕的messyadj.凌乱的;脏的primitiveadj.原始的;远古的;简陋的△beadn.小珠子;滴botanyn.植物学botanicaladj.植物学的;与植物学有关的analysisn.分析seashelln.海贝壳ripenvt.&vi.使……成熟;成熟categoryn.种类;类别;范畴significancen.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义somehowadv.以方式;不知怎么地systematicadj.有系统的;有计划的;有条理的spitvt.(spat,spit;spat,spit)吐出(唾液、食物等)vi.吐痰deletevt.删;删除albumn.相册;集邮册;唱片scratchn.(刮、抓、划的)痕迹;搔;挠vt.搔;抓;擦伤;刮坏academyn.学院;学会;学术团体;院校receptionistn.接待员;招待员onionn.洋葱kindergartenn.幼儿园skateboardn.滑板fedupwith受够了;饱受;厌烦yogurtn.酸乳酷;酸奶radioactiveadj.放射性的;有辐射能的radioactivityn.放射性divisionn.分割;划分;分配;分界线BC公元前melonn.(各种)瓜wrinklen.皱纹pulsevi.强烈而有规律地跳动;搏动n.脉搏;节拍△veinn.血管;静脉applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌欢迎;赞赏lookahead向前看;为将来打算howlvt.&vi.嗥叫;叫喊;吼叫acceleratevi.&vt.加速;促进spea r n. 矛;枪arres tvt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留dizzy adj. 晕眩的;昏乱使人发晕或困惑的△eyebrown.眉毛△cheekbonen.颧骨△arrowheadn.箭头△axen.斧;斧子hammern.铁锤;锤子gayadj.快乐的;欢快的gailyadv.快乐地;轻松地skilfuladj.有技巧的;熟练的(v.美〉skillful)dateback追溯到……punctuationn.标点符号△worshipvt.&vi.崇拜;敬奉n.崇拜;敬神△craftsmanshipn.技艺;手艺精工细作。
政治选修8知识点总结
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政治选修8知识点总结政治选修8是高中政治教材中的一本教科书,主要涵盖了国家政治制度、政治管理体系、政治思想和文化等方面的内容。
经过一学期的学习,相信大家对政治选修8这门课程已经有了一定的了解和积累。
下面我将围绕政治选修8的知识点展开总结,希望能够帮助大家深入理解和掌握这门课程的内容。
一、国家政治制度1. 国家政权机构和主要职能国家政权机构包括国家权力机关、国家行政机关和国家审判机关。
其中,国家权力机关包括国家主席、全国人大常委会、国务院和最高人民法院。
主要职能包括立法、执政和司法。
2. 国家政权的性质国家政权的性质是指国家政权的属性和特点。
在中国,国家政权是人民民主专政的国家政权,具有人民代表大会制度的特点。
3. 我国国家组织形式和特点我国国家组织形式是人民民主专政,特点是中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度。
4. 我国的国家制度体系我国的国家制度体系主要包括宪法、人民代表大会制度、多党合作和政治协商制度以及民族区域自治制度等。
二、政治管理体系1. 政治管理体系的基本要素政治管理体系的基本要素包括政治管理机构和政治管理手段。
政治管理机构包括国家和地方政权机关,政治管理手段包括政治法规和政治制度等。
2. 国家政权机关的职能和条件国家政权机关的职能主要包括依法行使国家管理权力,必须维护国家的统一和完整,保障国家的安全和发展,维护国家几系统稳定和社会和谐等。
国家政权机关的条件包括遵守宪法和法律,维护国家的公正和公平,履行职责和义务等。
3. 国家行政机关的职能和条件国家行政机关的职能主要包括执行国家的政策和法律,依法行政,保障国家的经济和社会稳定发展,维护公正和公平等。
国家行政机关的条件包括政治忠诚,执行政策和法律的自觉性和纪律性,公正、高效等。
4. 国家审判机关的职能和条件国家审判机关的职能主要包括审判和解决各种纠纷,维护国家的法治,维护公正和公平等。
国家审判机关的条件包括公正、独立和廉洁,不受来自任何组织、团体和个人的干扰,实行法官负责制。
选修第8课随机变量与超几何分布
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1 ; 27 8 3 2 3 P ( 3) C3 ( ) , 3 27
1 3
E 0
1 6 12 8 1 2 3 2 27 27 27 27
例 2、生产方提供 50 箱的一批产品,其中有 2 箱不合格产品. 采购方接收该批产品的准则是:从该批产品中任取 5 箱产品 进行检测,若至多有 1 箱不合格产品,便接收该批产品.问: 该批产品被接收的概率是多少?
E 1
1 3 1 2 3 2 5 5 5
, P( 0) C3 ( )
0 3
设乙正确完成面试的题数为 ,则 取值分别为 0,1, 2, 3
6 12 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 P ( 1) C3 ( )( ) P ( 2) C3 ( ) ( ) , , 3 3 27 3 3 27
2 3
设甲正确完成面试的题数为 , 则 的取值分别为1, 2, 3
2 1 3 0 C4 C2 3 C4 C2 1 ; ; P( 2) P ( 3) 3 3 C6 5 C6 5
1 2 C4 C2 1 P( 1) ; 3 C6 5
考生甲正确完成题数 的分布列为
2.随机变量的概率分布: 设离散型随机变量 X 可能取的不同值为 x1,x2,…,xn, X 取每一个值 xi(i=1,2,…,n)的概率 P(X=xi)=pi,则称表
X
x1
x2
…
xi…Biblioteka xnPp1
p2
…
pi
…
pn
为随机变量 X 的概率分布表,具有性质:
①pi __≥__0,i=1,2,…,n; ②p1 +p2 +…+pi +…+pn = 1 .
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选修8UNIT 1Immigrate to America移民美国Attracted by the boom in America,my nephew team ed up with a Korean to illegally cross the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America.To avoid the customs’punishment,they hid in a small ferry called the North Pole Seagull,sitting back to back without sleeping,showering and shaving for 3 days,and had no chance to mourn their lost luggage when landing.The hardship of this crossing was apparent.At first, he made a living by means of raising cattle and then was hire d in aircraft industries.He lived in a Catholic district.Taking in a small percentag e of Pakistani immigrants,t he majority of the residents①were from Italy and Denmark,who all kept up their customs and cuItures.Different blocks here were distinctly mark ed out and indicate d from the racial angle.It was unfair and needed reform ing.But with nowhere else to go, my nephew live d on and managed to make a Iife for himself.My nephew’s fortune came when he bravely helped a conductor brake a tram t o stop it from slip ping out of the rail s.The man was elect ed vice chairman of the Socialist Party later.It occur red to my nephew that he could grasp this opportunity to ask for his help.The man who was thankful helped him apply Io the civil authority for the right to live in America by inset ing his brave deed into his documents.Unlike a great many other applicant s,his application was approved by the Federal Justice Ministry②.Before long,hes started his own bakery and lived a better life.(60neW)①resident[rezidənt]n.居民②the Federal Justice Ministry:联邦司法部(虚构的组织)因为受到美国繁荣的吸引.我的侄子与一名韩国人合作。
从北极的白令海峡偷渡到美国。
为了避开海关的惩处.他们躲在一艘叫“北极海鸥”的渡轮里,背靠背坐着,整整3天没有睡觉、洗澡和刮胡子,上岸的时候也没有机会心痛他们丢失的行李,这次横渡的艰辛是显而易见的。
·:起初,他借助饲养牲畜谋生。
后来受雇于飞机制造工业。
他住的地方是一个天主教区,除了包括一小部分(百分比)的巴基斯坦移民.大部分的居民都来自于意大利和丹麦,他们都保持着自己的风俗和文化,使这里的街区都从种族的角度清楚地划出界线,明确标示。
这很不公平,急需改革,但我的侄子没别的地方可去,只好继续居住下去.想方没法习惯新的生活。
我侄子的好运在他勇敢地帮助一名列车员刹停一列电车以防止其滑出轨道时到来T。
那个人后来被选为社会党的副主席,我侄子就想到应该抓住机会请求他的帮助。
这个人充满感激.立即把我侄子的勇敢事迹插入到申请文件中,帮助我侄子向美国国内政权当局(民政机关)申请美国居住权。
不像别的许多申请人,我侄子的申请很快被联邦司法部批准了。
不久,他就开了自己的面包店.过上了稍好一点的生活。
UNIT 2Be Careful about Cloning谨慎对待克隆Afier a series of initial experiments and corrections,the scientist’s hard work paid offwhen the twin clone turkey s were hatch ed with nomal feather and claw s.This breakthrough possibly enabled people to bring their adore d pets back to life.However,it bother ed him from time to time that their health was in poor condition because they were unable to resist illnesses.This drawback cast him down.Merely 2 weeks later, the clones and their carrier died,which struck frustration①into his heart.He r etire d before he attain ed his ambition and became a member of an opera chorus to relieve his depression ②Shortly afterwards.the media published a conservative argument object ing to cloning owing to moral proldems,and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulation s to forbid obtain ing commercial profits from cloning.When interviewed.the scientist stared at the decoration s on the ceiling,thinking for a while,and then said,“I’m not in favour of any arbitrary assumption,but undertaking cloning does differ from the straightforward procedure of making loaf s out of flour.Until we accumulate enough exact knowledge, any practice is in vain and is bound to fail.Altogether.being more careful is reasonable or we may walk into a side road.”(54new)①frustration[frʌstreiʃən] n.挫败,挫折②depression[dipreʃən] n.沮丧,消沉在最初一系列的实验和修正之后,利学家的辛苦工作终于取得了成功,一对双生的克隆火鸡孵化出来,羽毛和爪子都很正常。
这一突破或许能让人们使他们喜爱的宠物死而复生。
然而,让他不时地感到烦恼的是,因为它们无法抵抗疾病,使得它们的健康状况极差。
这个缺点让他很沮丧。
仅仅过了2个星期,克隆体和母体都死亡了,这一挫折使他刻骨铭心,他也因此在达到自己目标前就退休了,并选择加入歌剧合唱团来减轻消沉的感觉。
之后不久,媒体就因为道德问题而发表了反对克隆的保守论点,并且建议宪法应该包括强制性的法规禁止通过克隆获得商业利益。
、当被采访时,科学家盯着天花板上的装饰物思考了一会儿,说:“我不赞成任何任意的假设,但是从事克隆与用面粉制作面包的简单过程确实大不相同。
在我们积累了足够的准确知识前,任何实际操作都是徒劳无功的,注定会失败。
总而言之,更加谨慎地对待克隆是合理的,否则我们或许会误人歧途。
”UNIT 3Strange Patent Applications奇怪的专利申请I set about working in the current Patent Office after resigning from the court personnel.Competent and dynamic,l never feel passive while diving into the identification s of whether applications are valid and practical according to the new version of the criteria.With the expectation of distinguish ing their own importance,some people leave the beaten track and file strange product s with us now and then, for exampie,lantern that can be attached on your forehead,cubic walnut s, refrigerator made of straw and glue,perfume that nobody can bear to smell,and so on.:Once, a man made a triangle helicopter out of stainless wire s and string.He call ed us up and merrily claimed it was stable and convenient to use,and never out of order.I asked him to hang on,but this innocent man just rang off and set out to fly from his courtyard.I dial ed his number in the directory trying to ring him back,but never got through.Merciful God blessing,an abrupt freezing rainfall made his powder wet. Luckily,the trouble was without any extension except that he crashed into a greengrocer s making all the ripefruits become messy jam.When people seize d.this crazy man with caution and sobered①him by tap ping his face,he complained about the bad weather instead of associating his failure with his unscientific design.(6 1 new)①sober['səubə ]v..使清醒;镇定从法院人事部辞职后,我开始在现在的专利局工作。