高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero含解析新人教版必修73

学习资料汇编
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero
李仕才
***阅读理解。

It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a cara mel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character — we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."
1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed
to .
A. determine one's behavior
B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings
D. result from one's habits
2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。

观其行知其人，那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢? 1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。

根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。

人们通常认为性格和态
度决定一个人的行为。

故选A。

3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。

画线部分实际上是一个例子，例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画
线部分前一句可知答案。

我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。

故选B。

4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。

全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系，所以选择C项。

***.语法填空。

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh­faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course. But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term __1__ (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as __2__ model in New York.
Sarah __3__(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million
dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, __4__ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __5__ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her __6__ (educate)．
She has turned down several __7__(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree __8__ engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school __9__(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is __10__(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model anymore.”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

16岁的萨拉作为一名模特儿表现出色，她父亲想让她
放弃学业专心从事模特儿行业，但萨拉认为学业优先，应努力成为一个既有美貌又有智慧的女性。

1．resting 考查非谓语动词。

spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，此处表示萨拉没有花半学期的时间来休息。

2．a 考查冠词。

句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6,500英镑。

用不定冠词a表泛指。

3．was told 考查动词的时态和语态。

根据语境可知，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

4．who 考查定语从句的引导词。

引导词代替先行词Sarah在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。

5．to prove 考查非谓语动词。

want to do sth. “想要做某事”，为固定搭配。

6．education 考查词性转换。

形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。

7．invitations 考查名词的复数。

several “几个”，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。

8．in 考查介词。

关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。

a degree in engineering or architecture “工程学或建筑学学位”。

9．comes 考查动词的时态。

此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。

10．certainly 考查词性转换。

此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun, certain的副词形
式为certainly。

***完形填空
A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers __1__ thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 __2__ ride.
I had __3__ into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick round­trip from and back to the airport.A __5__ taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to __6__ the passenger door for me and made sure I was __7__ seated before he closed the door.As he got in the driver's seat，he __8__ that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use.He then showed me several __9__ and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.
I could not believe the __10__ I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say，“__11__ you take great pride in your work.You must have a __12__ to share.”
“You bet，” he __13__，“I used to be in Corporate America.But I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I __14__ to find my right position in life，where I could feel __15__ of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full day's work and done it __16__.So I chose to become a __17__.One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.__18__，to be great in my business，I have to go __19__ the customer's expectations！”
The taxi driver taught me a great life __20__：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others.
1．A.offer B．charge
C．pay D．afford
2．A.taxi B．bus
C．car D．train
3．A.driven B．flown
C．ran D．cycled
4．A.hope B．purpose
C．plan D．choice
5．A.private B．rough
C．slow D．clean
6．A.open B．lock
C．push D．shut
7．A.silently B．comfortably
C．tightly D．casually
8．A.declared B．concluded
C．found D．mentioned
9．A.pictures B．maps
C．tapes D．books
10．A.service B．gift
C．invitation D．advice
11．A.Actually B．Obviously
C．Gradually D．Suddenly
12．A.chance B．secret
C．story D．ride
13．A.whispered B．argued
C．sighed D．replied
14．A.decided B．promised
C．happened D．hesitated
15．A.careful B．proud
C．afraid D．curious
16．A.early B．rapidly
C．cautiously D．well
17．A.driver B．director
C．client D．speaker
18．A.Besides B．Therefore
C．However D．Perhaps
19．A.against B．within
C．over D．beyond
20．A.method B．experience
C．lesson D．standard
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一名出租车司机给作者上了一堂关于如何达到客户满意和期望的课。

【难句分析】One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.
分析：本句是一个复合句。

I know for sure是定语从句。

译文：有一件事我可以肯定，那就是想要做好生意，我就必须要满足我的乘客的期望。

【核心词汇】corporate adj.公司的client n．客户
precious adj.珍贵的extra adj.额外的
1．B 根据空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，励志演讲家的培训是要收费的。

charge 表示“收费”，符合语境。

2．A 根据文章第一句“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，出租车司机收作者12美元。

3．B 根据第二段第二句的“Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick around­trip from and back to the airport”可知，作者当时是乘飞机去的。

4．C 根据语境可知，时间很珍贵，作者的计划中包括往返机场的旅程。

5．D 根据下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租车很干净。

6．A 结合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司机赶快跑过来给作者开车门。

7．B 根据语境可推知，该司机注重乘客的满意度，所以他一定确保作者乘坐舒适。

8．D 根据语境可推知，司机向乘客提醒有杂志可看。

mention“提到”。

9．C 根据空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司机给作者拿出几盘音乐磁带让他选择。

10．A 根据空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者对出租车司机提供的服务非常吃惊，不敢相信。

receive the service“接受服务”。

11．B 由空后的“You must have a __12__ to share”以及语境可推知，显而易见，作者认为出租车司机为自己的工作自豪。

12．C 根据空后的“to share”以及语境可推知，此处表示有故事分享。

13．D 根据语境可知，司机回应了作者的推断。

14．A 根据空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司机决定行动起来，找到生活中合适的位置而不是一味地想想。

15．B 根据第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司机想做到最好并为自己的工作自豪。

16．D 根据语境可推知，司机想把工作做好。

17．A 根据语境可知，他决定转行当一名司机。

18．C 根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用However“然而”。

19．D 根据文章最后一句“Go an extra mile when providing any service to others”可知，要想做到最好，就要多为客户考虑，超出客户的期望。

beyond“超出”。

20．C 根据文章开头“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction
and expectations”可知，此处表示司机给作者上了生动的一课。

***短文改错
Nowadays, it's fashionable for young student to have iPads. Used an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read it. Obviously, it's of great help with our studies, especial with our English listening skills.
Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, but some even playing video games, which make teachers and students greatly annoyed.
For my opinion, the classroom is a place to study, and concentration was terribly needed. Therefore, we should make a good use of iPads and other modern communication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules instruct the students to use iPads properly.
答案： Nowadays, it's fashionable for young student ①students to have iPads. Used ②Using
an iPad, we
can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read it ③them
. Obviously, it's of great help with our studies, especial ④especially
with our English listening skills.
Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, but ⑤and some even playing video games, which make ⑥makes
teachers and students
greatly annoyed. For ⑦In my opinion, the classroom is a place to study, and concentration was ⑧is terribly needed. Therefore, we should make a ＼⑨
good use of iPads and other modern
communication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules ∧⑩to
instruct the students to use iPads properly.
难项分析：
第二处：Used→Using 考查非谓语动词。

逻辑主语we 和use 之间是主谓关系，且use 所表示的动作和句子谓语动词download 和read 所表示的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词作状语。

第六处：make→makes 考查主谓一致。

which 指代的是前面整句话的内容，所以定语
从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式makes。

第十处：rules后加to 考查非谓语动词。

此处用不定式短语充当目的状语。

***
敬请批评指正。